, half-timbered houses, stone houses, combined houses, houses from professional timber, From logs
Want to buy Vacation home attracted by European design and decoration? Then half-timbered buildings are the optimal solution to the issue. The company GK "Stroy Cottage" offers several dozen ready-made projects.
Residential buildings made in this style first appeared in Germany. The main difference is in the supporting structure, which is not hidden by the facade or cladding. The beams used in the manufacture of the frame are the main decoration of the building, architectural element, which is the main emphasis in the design.
The peculiarity of the construction is that the supporting structure made of wood is first assembled. The voids are filled with any building material of the owner's choice. Customers often choose glazing - large panoramic windows. It becomes brighter inside the living rooms, a unique design is created on the outside.
The advantage of half-timbered houses:
Few people can be left indifferent by the elegant look of old streets and squares of European cities. Small houses, neat 2-3 stories high, with a deliberately open wooden frame intricately tracing a whitewashed facade, look cozy and gingerbread.
The word Fachwerk (German) (Fachwerk) literally means a frame, denotes a spatial structure of interconnected vertical posts, horizontal beams and inclined braces made of oak or conifers... The cells formed by the elements of the frame were filled with helpers building materials: raw brick, a mixture of clay and straw, mesh-reinforced from willow or a natural stone... The medieval builder did not at all care about sheltering the wooden parts of the frame, rather for reasons of economy, but it was this feature that gave the exterior and interior of the houses individuality and charm. A sort of old Quadratisch. Praktisch. Gut.
In the familiar form, the concept of half-timbered houses was formed about 600 years ago. Having emerged as one of the fastest and cheapest, this technology of housing construction has become an architectural art in 100 years. The lines of the frame acquired a more complex and regular structure, the facades were filled with details of a purely decorative, aesthetic purpose, the number of storeys of buildings increased, even whole castles were erected. Despite the seeming lightness and fragility of the structure, many half-timbered houses have served for several centuries without replacing the supporting frame elements, which characterizes this technology as extremely reliable. And in the usual sense, a half-timbered house is, in fact, a frame.
The half-century technology received its rebirth about half a century ago as a kind of response to the demanding demand of those whose eyes are tired of modern reinforced concrete architecture. The basis of the modern half-timbered building is the Herrenalb system, developed by the German architect Götz. Houses created using this technology are distinguished by expressiveness, harmony, memorable exterior and a high level of comfort. Distinctive features of any modern half-timbered house are a wooden frame with massive posts and beams, big square glazing (up to 100% of the area of all walls), panoramic windows "to the floor", wide overhangs of the roof. The main "feature" - the open elements of the frame - makes the modern half-timbered house similar to the traditional one.
Despite the seeming impracticality (of course, we have a tradition that the larger the glazing area, the stronger the heat loss), houses built according to the Herrenbald system are perfect for our climate. New technologies made it possible not to limit the thickness of the walls due to the use of glued beams in the frame racks, and the use of modern double-glazed windows significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of windows.
The technology of modern half-timbered construction began its cautious march across Russia about 10 years ago. At first, cottage settlements appeared near Moscow, certainly premium-class, aimed at a discerning public, demanding all the most-the-most. And the point is not that the cost of building such a house is very high - building a modern half-timbered house is not more expensive than building a brick house of a similar size. And the point is the cunning move of marketers who took advantage of the novelty of technology and "loaded" the beautiful phrase "modern fachwerk" with a bunch of excellent epithets: unique, exclusive, ultra-fashionable, etc. And as you can imagine, being chosen and status cannot be cheap.
However, the desire for beauty is inherent not only to the elite, but the novelty of technological methods and, as a consequence, the lack of sufficient information, encourages our compatriots to bold experiments. Over time, one of the private developers, paying tribute to the spectacular look of half-timbered houses, tried to decorate the facades of their house with budget stylization, reproducing on them a layout of boards that imitates half-timbered houses. Read how to do this in.
But let's be honest, imitation is imitation, as the user rightly noted in his comment. ArtFamily self-implementing the project ".
ArtFamily FORUMHOUSE Member
Imitation is nothing more than graffiti on the wall, the philosophy (well, or aesthetics) of the half-timbered technology is not in the layouts on the facades, but in the most visible structure.
A modern half-timbered house is not a compromise, it is a young, but already fully formed direction in architecture. And at FORUMHOUSE there are users who make their dreams come true within the principles of the Herrenbald concept - Modern half-timbered building. Someone orders a laminated veneer lumber constructor at the factory. finished project to assemble a true modern half-timbered house on your own. This is exactly what the user Evgeny Romanov did, nickname - EvgeniyRomanov what he talked about in his topic
EvgeniyRomanov FORUMHOUSE Member
At the time of construction, there was very little, and one might say, there was almost no information on the network about this technology, and I decided on self-construction and I had to learn from my own mistakes. Now it is much easier for people, they often write and call me, and I gladly answer all the questions, remembering how hard it was for me at the moments of choosing the answer to the questions posed to me in this situation.
As the foundation for his house with an area of about 150 meters, Evgeny chose an insulated swedish plate... Users of the portal, who own the question, described such a choice of the foundation as the most appropriate for the technology requirements, although not the only one possible. As alternative options can be used MZLF or pile-grillage foundation with a floor on the ground.
The total volume of glued structures was 28 cubic meters. And for various elements the frame used its own nomenclature. So, the cross-section of the corner posts was 300 * 300 mm, intermediate - 300 * 180 mm, internal 180 * 180 mm, a beam of 300 * 180 mm was used for strapping. The figures given show that the thickness external walls houses can be up to 300 mm, and if the aesthetics of open racks are neglected in order to increase energy efficiency, then the thickness can be increased.
The frame of a modern half-timbered house is assembled in so-called fights, by connecting vertical and horizontal elements in half-wood notches, which are initially cut out at the factory in accordance with the project.
In total, such a constructor has about 500 notches. In contrast to the traditional half-timbered frame, where the frame had jibs that ensure its stability, in the Herrenbald system, stability is ensured due to the reliable connection of nodes and high accuracy of notching, which guarantees a tight fit of the elements in their places. All nodes are connected with through metal pins.
EvgeniyRomanov
The assembly of the half-timbered frame began, at first a waterproofing tape was laid under the timbering. After the strapping itself was exposed, everything was leveled with wedges, according to level and level. Then the timber was mounted to the foundation slab with anchors, and we proceeded with the installation of the first columns.
Given the large mass of individual elements of the frame, its assembly should be carried out by a rather large team using a crane.
EvgeniyRomanov
A little advice for those who decide to assemble a half-timbered timber, BUY TALF! I paid for it already 5 times so for sure.
Further, the assembly of the frame took place in a logical sequence, after the installation of the vertical racks, the installation of the strapping beams was carried out, which is the basis for the second floor. During the construction process, in the author's topic, the question was repeatedly raised about the cold bridges formed by through metal pins. Eugene trusted the German pedantry and did not change the project. Further operation showed that with a competent ventilation system and operating heating (warm floors), condensation does not form on the hairpins, and heat loss is comparable to the statistical error.
The rafter system was also made in laminated veneer lumber, and its installation was carried out according to general principles. The width of the roof overhang was about 1.5 meters, which, in addition to external aesthetics, also carries a practical load - the wetting of the facade during precipitation is significantly reduced, and wide overhangs prevent the heating of the house from direct sunlight. As roofing natural cement-sand tiles were used.
After finishing the installation of the frame, Eugene started filling in the cells. The south-facing facade, as well as some of the cells of other facades, were filled with panoramic energy-saving windows, mounted using frameless glazing technology. The total glazing area was 85 sq. With this technology, even before assembling the frame, grooves are selected in the corresponding racks and beams using a router. The width of the grooves should be about 1 centimeter wider than the thickness of the glass unit; after installation, this space is filled with sealant. The depth of the grooves is such that first the glass unit is pushed into one groove until it stops, then it is inserted into another groove and centered with the help of special supports, after filling with sealant, the lower bar is mounted.
Note that a modern energy-efficient double-glazed unit, in the design of which multifunctional glass is used, as well as triplex, has a thermal conductivity coefficient comparable to log wall thickness of 20-22 cm, as well as enviable impact resistance.
Inside the blind cells of the facade, frame frames were installed under the basalt insulation, a vapor barrier was mounted from the inside, and a sheet windproof material (this could be OSB, MDVP, etc.) was installed on the outside, on which the external facade finish (fiber cement siding) was attached flush with the front plane of the frame racks ... With this design, special attention should be paid to vapor barrier, given that the film does not create an airtight circuit, but is placed only in the cells, leaving the load-bearing elements of the frame open, which requires special care when performing work, as well as the use of special tape.
Technologically, there are a lot of options for filling the cells of the frame - from bricks (a la traditional half-timbered houses) to multilayer pies with the use of basalt heaters, special membranes and films, or eco-wool. One of the closest in spirit to the traditional half-timbered building, as well as an environmentally friendly option, is filling the cells with wood concrete blocks, followed by plastering.
Facade decoration methods can only be limited by your healthy imagination. This and wet facade, and ventilated with imitation or planken upholstery, and decorative: clinker, imitating old brickwork, and other options. Although it must be understood that the concept of a modern half-timbered building itself imposes certain stylistic restrictions on the choice roofing material, as well as facade decoration.
Anyone who is sure that frame houses are a technological tribute modern economy and the protection of the environment, and our distant ancestors built exclusively from wood or stone - it is wrong. In Europe, the construction of frame dwellings was massively practiced already 500 years ago, and before that it had been perfected for several centuries. The technology was named "half-timbered", which is translated from German - frame construction.
Externally, a half-timbered house is very easy to recognize. The visiting card of this technology is the beams protruding from the walls, which form a pattern of straight and inclined lines. This solution is beneficial at least because of the ease of installation and ease of use.
Old half-timbered house, Germany
The timber frame is one of the oldest inventions. He was known to builders Ancient egypt, ancient Greece, the Roman Empire and their counterparts in Ancient China. Being one of oldest ways construction, half-timbered was common in those places where it was necessary to take care of saving wood. Simple at the beginning, the technology has undergone changes over time, developing and becoming more complex. The basis of the first buildings were beams (logs or poles), dug into the ground or clay, which served as the floor. The walls were often filled with clay, and the roof was crowned with a thatched roof.
Such a structure could not serve for a long time - the dug-in pillars-supports gradually became saturated with moisture, rotted and collapsed. Later, they guessed to install the frame supports on a stone cushion, deepened into the ground, and strengthen (reinforce) the clay for the walls with straw, branches or reeds. Over time, the development of crafts (especially shipbuilding) made it possible to produce new structural parts, beams and struts of progressive rectangular cross-section. The experience of generations of builders has shown that inclined frame parts - struts and struts - significantly improve the stability of the structure.
The construction of half-timbered houses is very popular in Scandinavia, for example in Sweden.
Half-timbered houses spread throughout Europe, including the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Holland, Switzerland and France. In each country, the technology was modified, adapting to local conditions (in England, for example, the walls were additionally insulated with sheep wool). Stone foundations and logs appeared only in the 15th century.
Half-timbered houses were a common feature of the urban landscape of the 15th and 16th centuries, especially in Northern Europe - in Britain, Germany and Poland. In the 18th century, the half-timbered style began to be supplanted by other architectural finds and construction methods. He was remembered in the 70s of the last century, in the wake of interest in the environmental friendliness and practicality of medieval technology.
The hallmark of a half-timbered house is its decorative effect. A frame made of beams that darken over time remains visible, the walls are covered with light plaster, and the house takes on an elegant, festive look. V different countries the frame beams were installed in their own way (in England and France vertically, in Switzerland and Germany - at angles), which made it possible to create an endlessly diverse picturesque facades.
Modern house half-timbered
Fachwerk is a type of building that is still widespread in Europe with a recognizable supporting base of beams protruding in relief beyond the plane of the facade. Modern construction techniques have retained the classic half-timbered building, while expanding the list of materials used. Fachwerk houses are still a combination of load-bearing structure and wall panels.
As a basis, a rigid spatial frame is made from timber elements (often from coniferous wood). The frame forms cells, which are then filled with materials chosen for the walls - from traditional natural to innovative.
Using frame- frame construction solves several problems:
Allows to erect solid construction with stable parameters.
Reduce the construction time of housing.
Minimize wood consumption (and therefore budget).
The construction of a modern house is fast and technologically advanced.
With the advent of new materials and tools, the construction of houses using half-timbered technology has undergone many changes over the past few decades, preserving main principle style - wireframe. The changes affected almost all structural elements:
Foundation... Since the frame of the house is light and rigid, in most cases, a shallow foundation is set up, the parameters of which are calculated taking into account the properties of the soil and the characteristics of the project. Then waterproofing and warming of the base is carried out with expanded polystyrene or mineral wool. The foundation and the lower part of the frame are connected with anchor bolts.
Frame... The traditional material (logs and poles) was replaced by technologically advanced glued or polished timber. Construction details (fragments of walls, roofs, terraces) are securely joined by wooden elements (dowels, spikes, dowels). Connections are made in special ways (half-man, mann, wilderman, "St. Andrew's cross"), which must be correctly designed and positioned. Many projects use metal fasteners. Wooden elements are protected from damage by complex preparations (antiseptic, fire retardant) and varnished.
Load-bearing walls... A feature of the technology - the filling between the beams - is not a load-bearing base, the walls only divide the space. This opens up almost unlimited redevelopment possibilities.
Filling cell walls... Any material is suitable for filling the cells. Internal partitions filled with plates with high heat and vapor barrier properties. The surface of the walls is putty and decorated without any special restrictions.
On our website you can see the most popular projects of houses using the half-timbered technology from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country".
The filler can be brick, stone and blocks made of aerated concrete(foam and aerated concrete), but in the last decade there has been a tendency to use panel materials (OSB, cement particle boards, drywall). It is preferable to use materials with the following characteristics:
lightness and strength;
moisture resistance;
high heat-saving properties;
environmental friendliness.
Fragment of the structure in section (features of wall filling)
A traditional feature of the style is the way of filling - the frame is not hidden from the facade, but serves as a spectacular architectural detail. Interior surfaces are designed in accordance with the selected style. For finishing choose facing materials (for example, with imitation brickwork) or plastering, which has not lost its popularity (often with decorative compositions).
The half-timbered house belongs to wooden housing construction, but completely glass walls are becoming a trend in modern design, when the glazing area of the house occupies at least 60% of the wall surface. This option is not designed for mass construction, since it is difficult to execute, not cheap and controversial in regions with long, harsh winters (even if you install energy-saving double-glazed windows). The design will be advantageous next to a pond or a slope, when the illusion of a fusion of landscape and interior arises.
Modern interpretation of the style - an elite half-timbered house with a flat roof
Classic European half-timbered buildings were often erected with a storey ledge (when the upper storey protrudes above the lower one). The purpose of this architectural technique was to protect the house from atmospheric precipitation - during the rain, water flowed not onto the foundation, but onto the ground. In modern half-timbered houses, a roof with wide overhangs, borrowed from the chalet style, serves as a protective function.
Fits perfectly into the architectural style of the house gable roof, in which, in addition to overhangs, there is another characteristic feature - the absence of an attic and an attic. By tradition, natural tiles can serve as a roof; although metal tiles, ondulin and soft roofs are more common.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building half-timbered houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Fachwerk advantages:
Durability... The Germans are difficult to blame for the absence rational approach and practicality. German builders know a lot about durability, and you don't have to go far for proof - many houses in Germany last 200-300 years. Of course, the correct operation of the building also plays a role here, but this does not diminish the builders' skills in choosing and using high-quality materials and methods of processing them.
Aesthetic appeal... If you want to highlight your home, a half-timbered house is one of the most suitable options.
House designed on a slope
Multivariance... The house adapts to any climatic conditions. Technology allows you to design large rooms(60-70 m²) without supports.
Construction time... Make up approximately 3 months.
Saving... Consists in reducing the cost of the foundation.
Minimal shrinkage... The frame made of glued laminated timber of chamber drying practically does not shrink, which allows not to linger with the interior decoration.
Openness of the design... Maximizes the use of sunlight, which is so lacking in autumn and winter. However, design features do not cause difficulties with the placement of utilities (technological niches are provided for them in the walls and floor).
About the pros and cons of half-timbered houses in the following video:
The disadvantages of half-timbered structures are:
Price... The development and implementation of such a project using half-timbered technology will cost more than a similar one. frame house equal in area. The budget is influenced by the price of energy-saving double-glazed windows and laminated veneer lumber.
Treatment... Wooden parts need regular processing in order to extend their life.
House with many wooden elements in need of protection
Additional expenses... May be required if half-timbered housing is being built in an area with low winter temperatures. An effective thermal insulation layer will increase the thickness of the walls and therefore the cross-section of the wall beams. Additional cash infusions will require the installation of a warm floor and a modern heating system.
Fragility... The large amount of glass calls for caution. Triplex and armored glass will help ensure a safe life.
When designing, attention is focused on the following aspects:
Timing... Construction company, for example EcoComplect, is able to build a half-timbered house as quickly as a frame-panel house. The house kit is manufactured at the factory, according to the drawings provided. Assembly speed is determined largely by the qualifications of the builders.
High-quality glued laminated timber is the basis for a solid structure
Building materials... The service life of a half-timbered house depends on the quality of the supporting beams. For a durable frame, beams of denser and more resinous wood (eg larch) are required. Quality parts are certified, which guarantees good drying and the absence of defects (cracks and adhesions) on the surface of the timber.
Design of ventilation and heating systems... A house, most of whose walls are glass, needs a well-thought-out heating and ventilation system. For custom-built houses, an energy-saving triplex (tempered laminated glass) is selected that does not increase heating bills and prevents the formation of moisture on the windows.
You can emphasize and enhance the originality of a home built using German technology different ways... In addition to the recognizable architecture, the following solutions will serve:
Usage decorative stone ... A plinth finished with stone or brick (or modern finishing materials) is an important element of the exterior design of a half-timbered house.
The contrasting facade is visible in any weather
Using arched windows... Arched windows with wooden shutters will emphasize the originality of the architectural solution.
Enhancing color contrast... It can be considered a traditional style feature. The role of a decorative element of a half-timbered house is played by the roof under the red tiles and the doors painted in a contrasting color to the facade.
Sometimes standard frame houses are styled in the German style. To give the facade a spectacular noble look, not heavy and expensive wooden beams are used, but decorative prototypes made of polyurethane. Such parts are lightweight (the child will also lift), are easy to install and are presented in a rich color palette... Artificial beams also look authentic in the interior, as a ceiling structure.
The classic style of a half-timbered house
The interior of a half-timbered house does not have to match the exterior. The peculiarity of the technology (the ability to control the volume, zoning the space in different ways) provides unlimited possibilities for interior decoration. Using beams and rafters, you can create both traditional and modern styles:
Fachwerk style(German, Scandinavian, country). The emphasis is on the color of the walls and beams: light walls require a dark frame, and vice versa. The floor is made of wood or stone (deliberately aged tiles), the walls are covered with plaster or paint. A fireplace, forged and wicker elements, natural fabrics perfectly fit into the style. It is convenient to fix shelves on beams, mount lighting or home appliances.
Minimalism(or hi-tech). It is easier to beat the modern style in spacious and bright rooms with large-scale glazing; it is enough to paint the walls white (cream) and decorate the space with laconic furniture. Metal (especially forged) parts will look easy and organic in such an environment.
Classic... No one will bother to decorate the partitions with wallpaper and decorate the house with solid furniture, elegant lamps and expensive textiles, changing the home beyond recognition.
For the construction of a half-timbered chalet house and the technology itself, see the following video:
Experts agree that the share of such houses in Russia, although increasing, remains small. Interest in the technology of building half-timbered houses manifests itself in different ways:
In the economy segment... When price and energy efficiency are of paramount importance, there is strong competition with laminated veneer lumber and timber frame houses. The main advantage turned out to be unclaimed - panoramic glazing, inappropriate on a small plot of land surrounded by curious neighbors.
Business class... The area of the site often does not allow the construction of housing with window openings in the entire wall. The budget of representatives of this category allows you to pay attention not only to cost, but also to beauty, which unexpectedly turns into the construction of an imitation of a half-timbered house with false beams.
Facade of a modern half-timbered house
Stylish and respectable half-timbered houses, the construction of which is most practical to entrust to a construction organization with solid work experience, takes about 3 months. In order for the house to turn out to be comfortable and durable, the binding of the project to the site is entrusted to a qualified specialist who is able to take into account the features of the relief. The construction price is influenced by:
Architecture and design. The more intricate they are (layout, location of the fireplace), the harder and more expensive the house is. Modern designs are often designed with balconies and terraces.
Glazing degree. Buildings with large windows are difficult to heat, and energy efficient double-glazed windows are not an option for every budget.
The quality of the elements of the house kit. We are talking about wooden parts and the way of insulation.
Fachwerk house project with a large glazing area
Average price of a half-timbered house in the Moscow region:
without finishing and utilities starts from 29-34 thousand rubles / m²;
in business class (turnkey) - 40-45 thousand rubles / m²;
elite housing - from 65-70 thousand rubles / m².
Projects of classic and modern half-timbered houses cost:
In the economy segment. Up to 100 m² - 1,100-1,600 thousand rubles, up to 200 m² - 1,800-2,400 thousand rubles, up to 300 m² - 2,700-4,500 thousand rubles.
In the business segment (2 floors). Up to 100 m² - 4,300-5,900 thousand rubles, up to 200 m² - 6,400-8,900 thousand rubles, up to 300 m² - from 9 million rubles.
On our website you can see the most popular projects half-timbered houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses Low-rise Country.
How not to build a half-timbered house in the following video:
Fachwerk, that is, a frame house filled with clay or brick, appeared in the 11th century, but the flowering of this technology fell on the Renaissance, that is, the 15th century. Despite such a venerable age, this technology allows you to build very strong and relatively inexpensive houses, characterized by an unusual appearance. In this article, we will tell you how to build a half-timbered house and avoid the most common mistakes.
Today you can find two types of houses in this style:
In the first case, the house not only looks appropriate, but is also built in a frame way, then filled with some kind of filler. The basis of such a house is a frame made of coniferous timber. It is he who has all the advantages that made houses in this style reliable and popular throughout medieval Europe. There are still houses in this style, whose age reaches 500 years. In the second case, the house can be built from anything, then decoratively finished in a half-timbered style. Such a house cannot have those positive qualities that are inherent in the original houses, therefore the only plus of such a decoration is an unusual and stylish appearance.
Larch laminated timber is best suited as a material for the supporting frame. It is highly durable, resistant to mold and mildew. Instead, you can use pine glued laminated timber, which has less good characteristics... As a filler, you can use traditional adobe, that is, a mixture of clay and straw, however, we recommend making an analogue of SIP panels from two sheets of wood concrete and some kind of insulation. Instead of wood concrete, you can use a thin board, plywood or oriented strand board (OSB). Other materials can be used that meet four basic qualities:
When building the walls of such a house, you can also use recycled products, for example, organic cellulose insulation. It is made from waste paper, so the cost is low, and the level of thermal conductivity is only slightly higher than that of mineral wool... Another very successful filler material is granules or crumbs of expanded polyurethane or foam. These materials are also very inexpensive and have a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity. In addition, they do not have to be cut, because this material is poured into the cavity. To better understand the construction of such a wall, we recommend reading about houses from a double bar.
The choice of foundation depends on the materials from which the walls will be made. For walls made of lightweight materials, pile is best suited screw foundation which we talked about in this article. If the walls are heavy, for example, with adobe filler, then a more powerful foundation will be required. In addition, a house built using the half-timbered technology is very sensitive to frost heaving of the soil, so the foundation must be lowered below the freezing depth. Otherwise, frost heaving will first tear the foundation, and then break the integrity of the walls, covering them with cracks and cracks. Walls made of heavy materials - bricks, adobe and others - tolerate frosty swelling worst of all.
The basis of the frame is vertical posts installed at a distance of 50–70 cm from each other. At the level of floors and windows, vertical beams are tied with horizontal beams, to which the floors are then attached. It is necessary to connect vertical and horizontal beams in half a tree or in a thorn, fixing with a wooden dowel. If possible, use the connection dovetail and also fix it with a dowel. Braces or inclined beams not only increase the rigidity of the structure, but also give it that very unique charm of old European houses.
The braces must be distributed so that they create a beautiful pattern, so they can be inserted both into small cells and inscribed into several cells formed by vertical and horizontal beams. The methods for attaching the braces to the timber are the same as for the junction of the vertical and horizontal timber. Fixing with a pin will make the whole structure more durable and reliable. As a frame reinforcement, use metal corners that are attached to the vertical and horizontal corners. If you find corners of the desired shape, then reinforce the braces with them. When creating the frame, prepare the places for installing windows and doors.
V original houses, built using the half-timbered technology, vertical pillars were dug directly into the ground or placed on large stones. However, it is more practical to do the same as in the construction of a conventional frame house, that is, attach a flashing (lower) beam to the foundation or grillage, and then attach vertical beams to it. This mounting method is especially preferred in regions with:
Before assembling the frame, treat the entire timber with hydrophobic impregnations and an antiseptic, and also think over the way of attaching the filler. For adobe and wood concrete mass, a lattice made of branches or thin slats is well suited. To insert such a lattice, in each timber you need to make a groove in the diameter or width of the branches or rails, then at the same time assemble the frame and insert the rails into the groove. You can also use a steel mesh with small cells (up to 5x5 cm).
The walls of a half-timbered house must meet three basic requirements:
Adobe and wood concrete walls are the most correct in terms of style, however, they keep heat worse than a sandwich made of insulation and two facing slabs. Therefore, you will have to decide for yourself what is most important for you - reliability or reduced heating costs. After drying, the walls of wood concrete and adobe will need to be caulked, because gaps will appear between them and the timber. In the summer, when the timber dries out as much as possible, these gaps will increase. For half-timbered houses, the same methods of caulking are applicable as for ordinary log cabins. To reduce the amount of frame shrinkage, and hence the size of the gaps, it is necessary to use well-dried glued laminated timber, treated with reliable hydrophobic preparations. In addition, it is necessary to repeat the treatment of all bars of the frame with such preparations every 2-3 years.
Modern plastic windows harmoniously fit into the exterior of a half-timbered house. However, they cannot be fixed in the same way as in concrete or brick houses. To install windows and doors, you need to make a window, which we talked about in the article (Window in a wooden house). If you install windows and doors without a window, then under the influence of seasonal shrinkage and swelling of the beams of the frame, the window and door will either jam, or there will be more gaps between them and the frame, which is very difficult to deal with. In addition, it is necessary to think over the ventilation system, because a half-timbered house, unlike a wooden one, cannot independently remove excess moisture outside and discharge it into the atmosphere. Therefore, lack of good ventilation leads to mold and rot.
Outside, the half-timbered house is carefully caulked, then the walls are painted light colors, and the bars of the frame are dark. This creates a unique flavor of ancient half-timbered houses. For painting the timber, it is advisable to use vapor-permeable paints, this will reduce the likelihood of rot or mold in the wood. You can use any paint to paint the walls, because neither adobe or arbalite, nor moisture-resistant plywood or OSB are afraid of any paints. From the inside, such a house can be finished in any way, for example, sheathed with plasterboard or a wagon board. You can also plaster the entire interior of the house or keep the original look of the walls.
Output
Half-timbered houses still retain their popularity and medieval surroundings. They are easier and cheaper to manufacture than a full-fledged timber house and are comparable in price to inexpensive frame houses. However, you are unlikely to be able to sell such a house quickly and expensively, because most people prefer traditional brick, concrete or wooden houses, but if you build it for yourself and your family, then it will serve you for more than one hundred years.
In an era of maximum development of design and construction, many dream of their own ideal home, and in order to make this dream come true, it is necessary to take care not only of the interior setting, but also of the external appearance of the building. At the same time, the choice of stylistic direction depends on many factors, including the surrounding small architectural forms, and the landscape, as well as financial and technical capabilities... However, the main criterion when choosing the direction of styling is the taste preferences of the future homeowner. Despite the fact that in this case everything seems obvious, the situation is somewhat complicated by the increased requirements for private real estate. In Russia, more and more often you can find elite suburban villages, cottages in which are made in the same style. An unusual solution that is gaining more and more popularity is a group of cottages, the façade of which is made in the half-timbered style that came to us from Western Europe. The historical quarters of the old towns of Germany, Switzerland and Holland are built up with similar buildings, reminiscent of gingerbread houses from a fairy tale, which fascinate tourists and are already attractions in themselves. These buildings are shrouded in the charm of Europe and the spirit of antiquity, which hovers even over modern half-timbered buildings. Thanks to the development of innovative technologies in construction, complemented by the high professionalism of the craftsmen, each developer gets the opportunity to recreate houses in the half-timbered style with his own hands. To make sure that you want to have such a house in private ownership, read the materials of this article, which discusses the features of building a half-timbered house.
The name of the “half-timbered” style, which comes from the German fach - panel, werk - structure, and in general is translated as “frame structure”, came to us from Germany, where this architectural solution has been popular since the 5th century. First of all, you need to understand that a half-timbered house is building construction a special type, the basis of which is a rigid frame made of timber and formed by a system of elements of vertical, horizontal and diagonal elements, such as posts, beams and braces. In this case, the gaps between the supporting elements are filled various materials... If earlier it was stone, clay or adobe, then today's development construction production allows you to diversify this list with modern insulation and sandwich panels. Despite the fact that such wooden frame structures are common throughout the entire European state, they are steadily associated with gingerbread houses from German fairy tales. Historically, the half-timbered style was used in the construction of not only residential areas, but also warehouses, industrial buildings, warehouses and even small churches. It is important that frame structures in the half-timbered style play not only a functional, but also a decorative role, which is due to their distinctive feature - the visible frame of the building, with its cellular structure emphasizing the shape of one-story and two-story buildings.
V currently frame construction methods are used in the construction elite houses. Feature style - the absence of any restrictions of the designer's imagination, and the large glazing area creates a unique feeling of unity with nature. The stylistic trend, which originated in the 70s of the ΧΧ century, became a modern manifestation of half-timbered houses. The main trend of that time was a radical restructuring of old forms into something new, previously unknown and not always successful. It was at this time that the half-timbered house experienced its rebirth, followed by an interesting development. Today, there is a distinction between the construction of houses in the half-timbered style and the decoration of houses in this style.
Half-timbered houses photo
The German half-timbered building is considered the most ancient building style, the main architectural and stylistic concept of which is borrowed from modern half-timbered buildings. But, despite the unity of the stylistic concept, modern houses in the half-timbered style show only an external resemblance to their progenitor - the German half-timbered house and a distant similarity in architectural forms. A modern house in the German half-timbered style is a reliable high-strength frame structure, which is sustained in the spirit of past years and demonstrates respectability, nobility, as well as clarity of lines and perfection of forms. The basis of a German-style half-timbered house is a frame made of solid or glued coniferous timber. Know-how modern construction is the construction of the frame of the house, in which polypropylene or mineral wool slabs are placed, equipped with two membrane layers: windproof, which prevents the fibers of the thermal insulation material from blowing out, and moisture-proof, which protects the material from moisture penetration.
For the manufacture of a building, pre-prepared sandwich panels can be used, pressed on both sides with cement-bonded, mineral wool or polypropylene plates, attached to wooden frame building. For the manufacture of the building frame, only modern equipment is used, which makes it possible to work with high accuracy. Also, at the production stage, it is treated with antiseptic compounds that prevent the development of mold and mildew. In addition, the building frame can be glazed, filled with slabs or sandwich panels, without departing from the architectural design. At the final stage of construction and during execution exterior decoration wooden structures it is necessary to treat with protective compounds produced on a natural oil base, which protect the frame structure from exposure to ultraviolet radiation, fire and biological damaging objects.
Important! The large savings in heat energy inherent in half-timbered houses is due to the use of special energy-saving glazing. Unlike conventional glass, it reduces heat loss through openings. In addition, in the manufacture of modern half-timbered structures, sandwich panels are used, the structure of which includes thermal insulation materials reducing heat loss. And, finally, such buildings are equipped with a "warm floor" system that regulates heat exchange in the building.
Design is the main stage of any construction. High-quality half-timbered house projects developed by competent specialists are the key to successful construction. In the case of a competent approach to the construction of houses in the half-timbered style, the building will last for more than a dozen years, while retaining its original characteristics. To be sure that the house will be characterized by a comfortable layout, you need to think about the development individual project... If you are planning to build a house characterized by a complex unconventional design, you cannot do without an individual project in any case.
Even an inexperienced master realizes that the design of half-timbered houses is not the most simple option for building houses in our climate. Due to the fact that houses in the half-timbered style are not similar to one another, and may differ not only in the way of decoration and size, but also in layout, experts do not recommend neglecting the preparation of projects, in the development of which you can determine the number of storeys of buildings, the number of entrances , glazing option and interior layout nuances.
Distinctive feature frame structure in the half-timbered style are storey ledges, the presence or absence of which is decided at the stage of developing a house project. They were originally intended to protect the front wall from precipitation. At the present time, home improvement in the half-timbered style "according to all the rules" presupposes the presence of storey ledges, which contribute to a slight increase in the usable area. Also at the design stage one-storey house in the half-timbered style, the issue of the presence and location of balconies and terraces, which are an integral part of modern half-timbered houses, is being resolved. The design stage allows you to play with glazing variations, frame colors and structural elements, you get the opportunity to recreate a unique half-timbered house that will be associated with old gingerbread houses from German fairy tales or with modern Art Nouveau villas.
The simplest option for creating a half-timbered house is its initial construction using the fundamental points of this technology. In order to further understand the construction technology, we outline the main stages of the construction of a half-timbered house:
Important! Since the beginning of the construction of half-timbered houses, it was believed that they are intended only for regions with a mild climate, however, technologies do not stand still, and today, in the process of constructing half-timbered structures, it is supposed to use:
- Sandwich insulation;
- Underfloor heating systems;
- Energy efficient glazing.
Important! The most demanded material for the construction of houses in the style of half-timbered houses is planed polished glued beams made of coniferous wood, pre-treated with specialized protective compounds. Often, metal beams are used for mounting the frame, the use of which makes the structure even more durable.
Development modern technologies allows replacing traditional clay, adobe and reeds, previously used to fill the space between load-bearing beams, with more modern thermal insulation materials. Currently, modern materials are increasingly used for these purposes, for example, basalt wool, polyurethane panels or cement particle board. The same materials are used to decorate a half-timbered house.
Important! Distinctive feature half-timbered construction is that horizontal and vertical beams and braces located in the outer plane always remain open.
The final stage of construction is filling the empty space of the frame with the subsequent installation of windows and doors. Recently, large glasses are increasingly used for these purposes, which ultimately led to the development and popularization of glass half-timbered houses. In appearance half-timbered construction combines classic styles: European and Japanese.
Important! To ensure the preservation of heat in the house, where the voids in the frame are filled with glass, experts recommend using specially designed energy-saving double-glazed windows made of low-emission glass, characterized by argon filling. Despite the fact that such a house is filled with natural light, its external fragility is very deceiving.
Another material used for these purposes is cement particle board(DSP) , which is a rectangular sheet made from Portland cement and wood chips. In addition to these components, the composition of the cement-bonded particle board includes special chemical components that provide the antiseptic properties of the material. CBPB belongs to the materials of a low price category, and, despite the fact that it is characterized by low bending strength, it perfectly withstands longitudinal loads.
Decorating the facade of a half-timbered house is an easier way to create a half-timbered house. To decorate a house in the style of a half-timbered house with your own hands, a building made of any material and characterized by any constructive and stylistic variations is taken as a basis. The main material for finishing facades in the style of half-timbered is polyurethane, from which beams and beams are made, which are visually indistinguishable from wooden beams even at close range. However, unlike wood, they are resistant to high humidity, temperature changes and the harmful effects of insects. In addition, using polyurethane for the manufacture of beams, you can not worry about the appearance of deformations and cracks. To carry out the installation of polyurethane beams, you need liquid nail glue.
Important! When purchasing an adhesive for the installation of polyurethane beams, read the instructions to make sure that it is suitable for outdoor use, as well as resistant to changes in temperature and humidity.
An important stage in the installation of polyurethane beams is cutting the parts and adjusting the joints, for the implementation of which you will need an end saw and a circular saw.
The seeming simplicity of a half-timbered house, upon closer examination, becomes deceiving, since, attracting the views of others, half-timbered houses create a unique luxury and recreate old German motifs in reality. Despite the fact that in the process of building and decorating a half-timbered house, experts adhere to the same principles, the variety of external appearance of half-timbered houses is so great that it is difficult to find two identical buildings. Due to the variety of textures and colors, half-timbered houses are considered one of the most unique buildings.
Fundamental principles for the design of half-timbered houses:
