The construction innovation is the Swedish slab - the foundation, the technology of which is of European origin. The foundation is the pillar of any building. It is with its installation that the construction of a house begins. Today, many technologies for arranging the foundation are used, but the search and improvement of new developments never stops. The relatively easy technique of executing the Swedish plate does not require the involvement of serious construction equipment, it is quite feasible with your own hands.
You will not need to carry out additional work on pouring the screed, leveling the floor, since the slab itself is already a rough floor. Laying the flooring on top is all that is required of you in the final stage.
Such a foundation is optimal for a summer cottage or low-rise construction... The use of modern technologies, building materials allows, in a short time, to lay a high-quality foundation, in which all the required communications will be located. The arrangement of such a foundation (Swedish plate) takes much less time than installing a strip or pile foundation.
In the process of work, pipes for floor heating are laid in this foundation ("water floor" technology), and the sewerage and water supply system passes under the layers of insulation. A characteristic feature of this foundation is thermal insulation protection (polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene), which is laid both from the bottom and to the sides of the entire foundation. Thus, the insulation repeats the shape of the formwork, and after its dismantling it remains in place.
The Swedish foundation consists of layers:
The insulated Swedish plate is perfect for the construction of houses in swampy areas or on the ground with a close location of soil waters. This type of slab foundation has also worked well on weak heaving and bulk types of soil. This foundation is not afraid of any manifestations of chemical aggression of the soil or frost heaving, thanks to chemically inert polystyrene foam, which protects it from all sides.
Swedish plate - technology:
In the process of hardening, you need to periodically moisten the concrete so that it does not crack. After all the actions taken, you will have an energy-saving foundation "insulated Swedish plate" - abbreviated USHP.
Any construction process has its pros and cons. Installing the foundation is a serious step, so you need to have an idea of the nuances that you will have to face. Having weighed all the pros and cons, you can make the right decision, calculate your capabilities.
Swedish stove - the pros:
Using the built-in "water floor" system will provide warmth not only inside the house, but will not allow the soil under it to freeze. The thermal conductivity of such a foundation is 3-4 times lower than that of a standard foundation.
A warm slab is a foundation with many advantages, but it would be fair to highlight the so-called disadvantages of this technology. It should be borne in mind that most of the disadvantages described below also apply to other slab-type foundations.
The first thing that comes to mind is the cost of building the foundation, but they cannot be defined as a minus, because in the future, the side costs of installing heating, they rather look like a plus.
Swedish stove - cons:
When starting to build such a foundation, calculate all the nuances and construction stages. Use only high-quality materials, because we build houses not for a couple of years, but for many years.
The Swedish stove is a modern and warm foundation, it will provide an ideal microclimate inside, exclude the appearance of dampness, and the house itself will not precipitate, it will not crack.
More recently, when choosing a foundation for a residential building, the main criteria were the reliability, strength and durability of the structure. With the emergence of new technologies, it became possible to take into account also the cost, as well as the functionality of the foundation. Today, for low-rise construction in areas with weak soils, you can choose not only a columnar or pile foundation, but also a more technologically advanced insulated Swedish slab (USHP). The simplicity and availability of the technology allows you to get a monolithic, heated base with your own hands and at the same time not go beyond the budget.
The monolithic foundation foundation of the UWB was first tested on the Scandinavian Peninsula and was used for a long time mainly in northwestern Europe. Today the situation has changed and the geography of the use of the Swedish foundation has significantly expanded, extending also to the vast expanses of Russia.
When building an insulated Swedish slab, concrete alone is not enough - you need modern thermal insulation materials
As the name implies, a supporting structure of this type is a reinforced concrete foundation slab laid on a layer of insulation. The structure does not require much deepening, therefore it is perfect for construction on sites:
A key feature of the UWB technology is a rigid, monolithic structure that copes well with seasonal ground movements. In addition, the insulation located under the Swedish slab prevents the soil from freezing, as a result of which the risks associated with its swelling and sedimentation are reduced. When using the base, you do not have to worry that it will deform and crack during the cold winter months.
The technology for the construction of an insulated Swedish slab allows you to build a foundation with your own hands and bears a resemblance to the construction process of more common strip foundations. At the same time, the monolithic support structure has structural and functional differences that give it a lot of advantages:
The perfectly flat surface of the USB is used as a subfloor
Despite all the strengths of the USB foundation, there are many people who treat the technology with a fair amount of mistrust. They argue against the construction of a warm reinforced concrete foundation as follows:
It should be said that some of these arguments are not devoid of rational grain. As for the statements about high material costs, today we can say with full confidence about their exaggeration. So, during the construction of USHP, you can do without the use of construction equipment, having done the lion's share of the work with your own hands. In addition, it will be possible to save on the arrangement of the subfloor and technological underground. Part of the costs will be returned in an indirect way, by reducing heating costs during the operation of the building.
The basis of the insulated Swedish foundation is an ordinary monolithic reinforced concrete slab, which has been used in private construction since the middle of the last century. As for the outstanding indicators of sustainability and energy efficiency, they are provided by many design features.
The base of the USP foundation is made up of an ordinary monolithic reinforced concrete slab
So, UWB consists of the following elements:
As you know, concrete perfectly resists compressive loads, but weakly resists bending and tensile forces. A reinforcing belt is designed to eliminate such shortcomings, which perfectly copes with elastic deformations of any type.
The reinforcing frame makes the Swedish board resistant to any alternating loads
Of course, such a simple structure cannot bear the load in the form of high-rise apartment buildings, but in the field of private construction, it will provide adequate reliability and durability. Heating costs will be reduced by 15–20% only due to the installation of a heat-insulated Swedish stove, not to mention the possibility of construction in difficult conditions without the involvement of expensive machinery and equipment.
The USHP construction technology described below can be used on any type of soil, except for peaty, soil-plant and silty soils. If they are found, it will be necessary to remove the soil layer and replace it with compacted sand. NThe bearing capacity of the base must be at least 1 kg / cm 2. This will make it possible to build a building up to 3 floors high with load-bearing structures made of any materials - bricks, gas blocks, frame panels, laminated veneer lumber, etc.
Insulated Swedish slab can support the weight of a building up to three floors
Determining the thickness of the foundation slab is a critical design step. An inaccurate calculation or choice of USWB parameters "like a friend's" can end in disaster. Too weak base of the house can crack after the first winter or be overly massive, causing unnecessary financial waste.
The original drawing of the well-known Swedish company Dorocell defines the basic parameters of the UWB
Note that it is impossible today to make a full-fledged calculation of the insulated Swedish plate, based on the norms of SNiP and GOST. This is due to the fact that the Russian design community does not have any recognized regulatory documentation or fundamental calculations. What can I say - in the ones noted above regulations there is no such thing as UWB.
Nevertheless, one should not think that all the Scandinavian type slab foundations are built "by eye". The calculation method, although not as detailed as we would like, exists. The fact is that at the beginning of the era of plate-making, the documentation of the Swedish company Dorocell got into the Russian segment of the Internet, thanks to which, albeit in a somewhat truncated form, it became possible to determine the design parameters of the USB.
Of course, the following approach to the design of monolithic foundation slabs is simplified and cannot be compared with the calculation made by engineers of foreign design and construction organizations... However, it can be safely used for private construction.
Before proceeding with the calculations, determine the prevailing type of soil and, according to the table above, determine its bearing capacity. If there is a need for construction on soils in bold, it is recommended to consult with professionals. As can be seen from the table, plastic sandy loam and hard clays have the highest specific pressure, therefore they require the installation of a massive base. The main calculation is carried out according to the following scheme:
If the angle of the roof slope is more than 60 degrees, then for any region of Russia the climatic load can be neglected.
The calculated value is rounded to the nearest 5 cm, after which the weight of the foundation is recalculated. By adding it to the weight of the building, the specific ground pressure is again determined. Deviation from the optimal value should not exceed 25%.
| Load-bearing walls, piers and columns | Specific weight, kg / m 2 |
| In half a brick (thickness 12 cm) | from 200 to 250 |
| From gas and foam concrete (thickness up to 30 cm) | 180 |
| From logs (diameter up to 24 cm) | 135 |
| Made of laminated veneer lumber (section 15 cm) | 120 |
| Frame with internal thermal insulation(thickness 15 cm) | 50 |
| Floor elements and service load | |
| From monolithic reinforced concrete | 500 |
| Aerated concrete | 350 |
| 210 | |
| Overlap of the attic with wooden beams and thermal insulation with a density of not more than 200 kg / m 3 | 150 |
| Interfloor and basement ceilings with wooden beams and thermal insulation with a density of no more than 200 kg / m 3 | 100 | 105 |
| 190 | 100 | 50 |
| Natural ceramic tiles | 80 |
| Slate | 50 |
| Roofing material in two layers | 40 |
| Sheet metal, corrugated board, metal tiles | 30 |
If, as a result of the calculation, the thickness of the foundation goes beyond 15–35 cm, then its installation is considered inappropriate. If the slab is less than 15 cm, then this indicates an excessive mass of the building for this type of soil. In these conditions self-construction is associated with risks, therefore, careful geological exploration and professional calculations will be required. With a slab thickness of more than 35 cm, you can abandon the USHP foundation and install the house on a strip base or columnar supports.
When erecting a Swedish slab with your own hands, it is possible to choose the most convenient construction scheme on your own
Before starting construction, you should prepare the following materials:
In addition, you will need polymer pipes, fittings and other parts for arranging a floor heating system, as well as everything you need for the installation of utilities.
For USB, special high-hardness polystyrene foam blocks are used. Their configuration allows for crevice-free styling
List of tools that will be needed in the work:
The use of a vibrating plate makes it easier to work when compacting a sand-crushed stone cushion
If the concrete will be prepared independently, then, among other things, you will need a concrete mixer and materials for preparing the working solution.
During the construction of a shallow foundation of the USB, you can do without earthmoving equipment, but when such an opportunity arises, why not use it
For compaction of sand and crushed stone, the best tool is a vibratory plate
A crushed stone pillow must be separated from the sand with a layer of geotextile
Engineering communications are laid inside the crushed stone dump
For the installation of the enclosing structure, extruded polystyrene foam is used
The bottom layer of thermal insulation is laid in continuous, with cutouts for communications
The top layer of thermal insulation is laid in accordance with the project documentation
When laying polystyrene foam insulation, it is important to exclude cracks, since when concrete is poured, so-called cold bridges will form in these places. To temporarily fix the second layer slabs, you can use polyurethane glue or self-tapping screws with a length of at least 120 mm.
For the reinforcement of grillages, prefabricated volumetric frames are used.
To strengthen the zones with operational load, a single-layer mesh of reinforcing bars is assembled
If there is a need for longitudinal joining of the rods, then it is necessary to provide an overlap of the rods with a length of at least 20d. So, for reinforcement Ø12 mm, the connecting part should be 240 mm.
Conveniently attach underfloor heating circuits directly to the reinforcing frame
For fastening the collector board, metal rods driven into the ground are used
They begin to pour concrete into the formwork from the corners, leveling it to the center of the foundation
Concrete will acquire the required strength only if the correct temperature and humidity conditions are provided. Do not allow the solution to dry out too quickly - in this case, the dehydration (setting) reactions slow down and temperature and shrinkage deformations occur.
If the foundation is poured in the hot, summer months, then it should be watered with water 2-3 hours after pouring, and at other times - no later than 10-12 hours. After moistening, the form must be covered, repeating the procedure for the entire first week, several times a day. So, at a temperature of 15 ° C in the first 2-3 days, it is necessary to water the concrete every 3 hours, and on the following days - at least 3 times a day, with the most abundant moisture at night.
One day after the start of setting, the surface of the foundation can be covered with a layer of wet sand or sawdust. Due to the fact that these materials hold moisture well, the interval between waterings can be increased by 1.5-2 times.
If the construction is carried out in accordance with the technology, then the foundation will have not only high strength, but also excellent operational properties.
Thanks to my versatile hobbies, I write on various topics, but my favorites are engineering, technology and construction. Perhaps because I know a lot of nuances in these areas, not only theoretically, as a result of studying at a technical university and graduate school, but also from the practical side, since I try to do everything with my own hands.
This publication will be devoted to the technology of creating the foundation of the USB. This abbreviation hides the name "insulated Swedish plate" - one of the relative novelties in the practice of Russian private construction. Foundations like these fit perfectly into modern trend maximum energy savings, which, of course, is the future of the entire construction industry.
Insulated Swedish slabs have not yet gained significant distribution in our area, but, most likely, to a greater extent simply because of the lack of information about them. However, many construction companies have already adopted this technology and are used in various regions of the country. Despite some differences in the nuances of performance, general principle a single one is maintained - it is a thermally insulated monolithic reinforced concrete slab with utilities already laid in its thickness and a water heating system for the ground floor.
It should be said right away that this publication should not be considered as an instruction for self-erection of such a slab. This stage of construction must necessarily be based on professional engineering calculations, and its implementation requires the use of special equipment, that is, the appropriate qualifications of the craftsmen. Therefore, the UWB foundation technology will be given an overview so that the reader can form a clear idea of it, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of such a foundation for their own home.
Anyone who follows the novelties of scientific and technological progress can see the picture that in almost all spheres of human activity there is a desire to minimize dependence on non-renewable energy sources as much as possible - solid fuel, oil and natural gas. This trend has been closely related to the construction industry.
Already in our time, in many countries, at the legislative level, the issue of erecting buildings with a degree of energy efficiency not lower than the "passive house" category is being resolved. Due to the peculiarities of their design, rational location on the ground, equipping with modern engineering equipment, such buildings are distinguished by extremely low consumption of external energy, while ensuring comfortable living conditions for people.
According to existing European standards, a "passive house" must consume no more than 15 kWh per square meter of floor space per year to create optimal living conditions. If we compare it with old houses, in which this figure reached 300 kWh, and even new buildings that already belong to low-consumption buildings (60 kWh), then the difference is more than significant.
The very concept of "passivity" in this case implies that the building itself does not generate the necessary energy to fully support life. That is, the main emphasis is not on the saturation of complex equipment, but on planning decisions, architectural features. Such a house should absorb as much as possible, accumulate incoming energy and use it as efficiently as possible.
It is easy to understand that the problems of maximum thermal insulation of a residential building must come to the fore, and - all, without exception, structures capable of at least to some extent become a conductor of cold. And one of the main ways of heat loss is always the foundation and the floor of the first floor. And the USB-type foundation fits perfectly into this concept of a "passive house" with a minimum level of energy consumption.
It is interesting that the concept of "Swedish" is very conditional, not reflecting the history of the emergence and development of this technology. The first experiments on the use of such foundations were carried out at the beginning of the 20th century, moreover, not even in Europe, but overseas, in the USA. With the development of technologies for the production of durable and highly efficient insulation materials, this method began to be widely practiced in the Old World, and here again, not the Swedes, but the Germans claim the palm. Most likely, this name came from the fact that such foundations are very widely practiced in Northern Europe, Scandinavia and Sweden - in particular, which is not surprising, given the severity of the local winter climate. In addition, many of the high quality thermal insulation materials used in this type of concrete base for houses are produced in Sweden.
However, these are all “lyrical digressions”, and it's time to move on to considering the very structure of this very “insulated Swedish plate”.
If you look at the many examples of the construction of the UWB, you will notice some differences in the approaches. However, all of them are not so significant, and basic principle the structure of this unusual foundation is always kept unified.
In fact, as the name implies, such a foundation is more related to slab, that is, the load from the building is distributed over its entire area. True, there is a kind of "symbiosis" with a tape structure - under all walls, both external and internal, there are necessarily reinforcing thickenings like a standard "tape" - the builders call them stiffening ribs.
The main "highlight" is still in something else - this whole monolithic structure is necessarily based on a high-quality insulated base. Moreover, the stove itself performs an active function of ensuring an optimal microclimate in the premises, since a water heating circuit is embedded in its thickness.
The illustration below shows one of the options for the "insulated" Swedish stove - this diagram will make it easier to understand its basic structure.
So, we begin to understand.
The UWB does not require deep burial. The top fertile layer is removed from the soil (pos. 1), a pit is dug in and carefully leveled, the depth of which depends on the type and condition of the soil on the building spot. A characteristic feature is that this excavated area for the foundation itself must certainly extend to the belt of blind areas along the perimeter of the future house. Insulated blind areas are one of the mandatory features of this scheme.
The excavated site is covered with a continuous layer of geotextile (pos. 2) - this will create additional "reinforcement" of the base, which is especially important on complex, not quite stable soils.
Another prerequisite for the stability and reliability of the USB is the presence of a ring drainage system along the perimeter of the foundation. It is necessary to completely exclude the possibility of frost heaving of the soil under the slab, given that its foundation is shallow, almost always above the freezing level. The drainage system includes a set of trenches in which drainage pipes (pos. 4) are laid, covered with a layer of gravel (pos. 3), converging to the wells located at the corners or in other places, in accordance with the project.
The site drainage system is something that many simply forget about!
A frivolous attitude towards measures to remove excess moisture from the site often leads to very sad consequences. To avoid this, it is necessary to think over and put into practice a drainage system. Such a task is very difficult and time consuming. But we hope that a special publication of our portal will help the reader to understand all the intricacies of this problem.
The stability of the USHP slab is also ensured by the fact that it is “based” on a powerful and very carefully compacted “cushion” of sand and gravel (crushed stone). This layer (pos. 5), in fact, replaces the unstable soil and creates a reliable foundation that is not prone to swelling, subsidence and other deformation phenomena. The thickness of this "cushion", as well as the sequence of sand and gravel layers should be determined at the design stage of the USHP and directly depend on the characteristics of the area and on the specifics of the building planned to be erected on this foundation.
Even at the stage of excavating a pit and creating a sandy "cushion", the necessary engineering communications are immediately laid. This illustration shows a sewer pipe (pos. 6) with inlet pipes at the desired points of the future house (pos. 7), and then outgoing to a septic tank, central sewerage system or local treatment facilities.
It must be said that a pre-laid system of utilities may not be limited only to the sewerage system. Often, at the same stage of work, it is immediately envisaged to enter and distribute power supply cables at home, pipes for supplying water from an autonomous source, and even their wiring in future premises.
Next required element systems - this is not less than a 100-mm layer of insulation - high-strength extruded polystyrene foam (item 8). It can be laid directly on a sand and gravel "pillow", or another layer of geotextile is spread under it - excess reinforcement will never hurt. Thus, the plate receives reliable continuous protection from the penetration of cold from below.
But such thermal insulation would not be effective if you do not take into account a few more important nuances. The first of them is the protection of the end part of the USP with the same layer of EPS (pos. 9). For this, the same blocks can be used, but some manufacturers produce special L-shaped modules designed specifically for this purpose.
geotextile
Many of these modules immediately have an outer coating of magnesite glass or asbestos-cement sheets, which become an excellent basis for future finishing of the building's basement (pos. 10).
The next nuance - without any break with a common thermal insulating layer, an insulating belt is also covered over the entire width of future blind areas (pos. 11). This is an extremely important condition: due to the shallow bedding of the slab, no paths for the penetration of cold under it should be left in order to avoid frost deformations of the warp. The only difference from the general layer of insulation is only that this belt is made with a slight outward slope, in order to avoid the accumulation of rain or melt water. And in the future, the owners are free to complete the blind area (item 12) at their discretion.
Correctly executed blind areas are the key to the longevity of the house
This structural element of the building plays not only and not so much a decorative role. Its main task is to prevent destructive processes along the outer contour of the building foundation. What are, and how to do them yourself - read in a special publication of our portal.
In order to prevent water leakage from the solution when pouring the slab, as well as for additional waterproofing from the bottom, it is recommended to cover the first continuous layer of insulation with waterproofing material (pos. 13). In this capacity, a film or roofing material with "cold" gluing of the overlap of adjacent strips can be used.
Further, the next layer of insulation is laid out - EPS (pos. 14). But now it is being installed only on the area of the planned premises of the house. Thus, in the locations of future external walls and internal partitions a kind of "channels" are formed which, after pouring concrete, will become the very "ribbons" - stiffeners on which the building will be erected.
The thickness of this layer of insulation can vary - from 100 to 200 and even more millimeters. It depends on several factors. The climatic features of the region and the required thickness of the created stiffeners, which, in turn, depend on the material of the building walls, are important here. All this is determined at the design stage of the UWB.
A reinforcing grid (pos. 15) is laid on top of the laid insulation. And at the locations of the stiffeners, a more complex volumetric reinforcing structure (pos. 16) is tied, which is similar in structure and installation principles to the reinforcing belt of the strip foundation.
And now the "highlight" of the USP - the laid out reinforcing mesh becomes the basis for laying a concrete slab (pos. 17). Here, of course, the basic principles of installing a warm water floor are preserved, but the calculated indicators of such a heating system may still differ from the usual one. Laying of the contours is carried out at once in all future rooms of the first floor, in accordance with the developed project. Naturally, it is necessary immediately, even at the design stage, to determine the location of the collector - it must also be installed at this stage of work.
With the necessary surface treatment, the cast slab is a completely finished thermally insulated and heated base for laying almost any type topcoat floor (pos. 19).
After the full readiness of the USHP, you can proceed to the construction of the walls of the building (pos. 20). As a rule, heavy materials are not used for these purposes - more often wooden, frame structures or walls made of light gas silicate blocks are used (as shown in the illustration). Probably, it will be superfluous to say that in order to achieve the energy efficiency of a building, its external walls must also have a reliable one (pos. 21), which is then hidden by one or another external facade finish (pos. 22).
This was a general typical scheme 2 of the insulated Swedish plate. " Now let's evaluate all of her "pro" and "contra".
The purely supporters of the USP foundation are constantly growing. This is easily explained by the many advantages that such an innovative building framework provides.
A direct confirmation of this is the active use of UWB in the Scandinavian countries, where the combination of high soil moisture with harsh winter conditions makes the construction of reliable foundations a very difficult task.
This is of particular importance for. Such buildings, although they have high-quality thermal insulation, still do not have the proper level of heat capacity, simply due to the peculiarities of their design, that is, they are unable to efficiently accumulate and give off heat. This disadvantage will fully compensate for USWB.
If we evaluate in total all these works both in terms of execution time and their total cost, then there is a very significant benefit. In general, the construction of a USHP for a house of about 100 square meters by an experienced, well-coordinated team is estimated at 7-10 days. It is clear that it is simply impossible to invest in such a period if all of the above elements of the building structure and supporting systems are created separately.
Such a foundation is not devoid of some shortcomings. However, as will be further understood from the text, some of them can be attributed, rather, not to the "minuses", but to the specific features of the UWB, some of which will have to be reconciled, being content with the advantages of the foundation.
But even this is probably not the main thing. It is simply impossible to independently analyze the condition of the soil on the site, assess the composition and thickness of the replacing sand and gravel bedding, plan the thickness of the insulation, the slab itself and stiffeners, the thermal characteristics of the water heating circuits - without special knowledge and necessary experience, it is simply impossible. It is required to attract highly qualified designers, and for carrying out construction and installation work, it is better to invite a well-coordinated team with relevant work experience.
Such plates are produced by a number of foreign manufacturers, but there is something to boast of in Russia. Especially for foundations, including for the "insulated Swedish slab", the technologists of the "TECHNONICOL" company have developed polystyrene foam blocks "CARBON ECO SP".
Such insulation panels, due to the introduction of nanocarbon microparticles (by the way, gives the blocks a characteristic silvery hue), received a number of additional advantages. They, without losing their thermal insulation qualities, are able to withstand increased loads without deformation, and the USHP, cast over such a layer, is guaranteed to cope with a distributed pressure reaching up to 20 t / m². Such insulation is bypassed by the side of the mouse, that is, from this point of view, it is completely protected. And clear geometric shapes and the presence of special connecting lamellas extremely simplify the installation of the insulation layer. The material is inert to possible chemical attack, has an enviable durability, estimated at least 50 years, and is completely harmless from the point of view of the environment.
expanded polystyrene panels
In the course of the publication, it has already been said more than once, and once again it is especially emphasized that UWB requires a highly professional approach both at the design stage of the whole house as a whole, and at the stages of foundation construction. Therefore, the table below should not be regarded as a "guide to action." This is just an illustrated overview of the general sequence of steps for building such a slab. Nevertheless, it will be useful, at least from the point of view that the interested reader will get an idea of how and in what order the basic operations to create UWB should be performed.
| Illustration | Brief description of the performed operation |
|---|---|
 | It all starts, of course, with a careful marking on the construction site. It is necessary to immediately outline the contour of the future foundation pit, pits for placing a septic tank (if provided for by the project), trenches for laying utility lines - all in strict accordance with the developed project. |
 | This is followed by excavation work. As already mentioned, the pit area usually immediately accommodates the blind area along the perimeter of the building. At this stage, it is quite possible to attract heavy earth-moving equipment - although the pit is not so deep, given the large area, the total amount of soil removed becomes very impressive. |
 | However, self made there will also be plenty - the edges of the pit, one way or another, will have to be "refined" with shovels. |
 | After digging the pit, it is necessary to re-mark - this time for the pipes being laid - drainage, sewer and, possibly, water pipes. In addition, it is often at this stage that the power cable is laid immediately, if its underground wiring is envisaged. The illustration additionally shows a pit for a septic tank equipment. |
 | This is how the utility system hidden by the slab will look like this. |
 | The pit has been dug out. Pay attention - a power cable has already been wound into it through an external trench. |
 | It is not always convenient to dig trenches specially for pipes. Usually they do this - the primary layer of sand or sand and gravel mixture is crumbled to the bottom of the pit and compacted (this, of course, should be taken into account when calculating the depth of soil removal). This is followed by the laying of pipes in accordance with the project. Horizontal pipe nozzles are closed with plugs to prevent sand, soil or other debris from entering them. Pipes are laid with a slope necessary for the free movement of sewer drains. According to the same principle (only without observing the mandatory slope), plumbing wiring can be immediately laid in the future premises of the house. |
 | At the same stage, an annular surface drainage is installed - geotextiles are laid under it, and then drainage pipes are placed in a layer of gravel in them, connected to wells. |
 | Now you can cover the primary "pillow" with geotextiles - this will become a kind of reinforcement of the preparatory replacement sand layer. An already installed drainage well is clearly visible in the background of the illustration. |
 | The creation of a sand cushion is continuing, but already on top of the geotextile "pad". The sand is spread evenly at the beginning with the help of shovels. |
 | This operation is very time consuming, but necessary. Gradually, a layer of sand hides all laid engineering communications - only the left horizontal branch pipes and cable outlets remain in sight. |
 | Each poured layer of sand (or gravel) must be compacted very carefully. There is no need to even think about doing this manually - a special vibrating plate is used. |
 | Of course, when carrying out ramming, it is necessary to constantly monitor the level of the created "pillow" and its compliance with the horizontal plane. This illustration shows that for the sand embankment, a mini-formwork was built around the perimeter of the excavation, which both prevents spillage at the edges and sets the upper level of the compacted backfill. In addition, beacons made of flat planks are visible, which are placed on stakes strictly at the level. However, different craftsmen may have other methods of controlling the horizontalness of the sand "pillow" and its planned height. |
 | This is what the finished sand cushion looks like after the completion of the ramming operation. All protruding ends of engineering communications - pipes and cables are well shown. |
 | It is necessary to make a small remark. The fact is that in different sources the structure and sequence of creation of these replacement layers-"pillows" may differ. An example was shown above when only clean sand was used. However, often gravel or crushed stone becomes the "starting" layer - this is motivated by the fact that wet soils there is a need to reduce the likelihood of moisture capillary propagation upward. And only after tamping the first gravel layer do they switch to sand backfill. There is also a diametrically opposite solution - they start with sand, and gravel is poured directly under the insulation belt on which the USHP is based. It is difficult, being unfamiliar with the intricacies of construction, to correctly choose the optimal arrangement and thickness of layers - but this is just another reason that the design of such foundations should be carried out professionally. But in any case, no matter how the layers of the "pillow" alternate, each of them is subject to the most careful tamping. |
 | When the "pillows" are ready, they go over to the flooring of the first thermal insulation layer. They usually start with vertical walls around the perimeter, framing the foundation of the future home. They will also play the role of formwork when pouring the slab itself. This illustration shows how the vertical walls of standard EPS board are installed. |
 | However, as mentioned above, it is much more convenient to use special L-blocks, which immediately form the angle of transition from the vertical wall to the horizontal insulation belt. They are equipped with a system of locks that ensure tight docking with each other and with horizontal panels. In addition, a panel is fixed on their outer surface, which facilitates further finishing of the basement part of the foundation. |
 | L-modules are placed along the lines of the external marking of the foundation, they are joined together. |
 | To avoid even the slightest displacement, a centering groove is provided on top at the junction of the two modules, into which a special insert is inserted. |
 | And on the horizontally located shelf of the module, a reliable connection is ensured by the use of special mounting metal plates with spikes. These plates are simply pressed by the foot along the line of connection of adjacent modules - now they are securely connected to each other, and their displacement is excluded. |
 | With a well-executed marking, the creation of the outer contour of the USHP insulation using L-modules is very fast. |
 | No additional devices and tools are required - a couple of workers will quickly cope with such a task. |
 | After laying the outer border of the "insulated Swedish slab", they proceed to the final flooring of the first continuous layer of thermal insulation. |
 | It is also easy to adjust the EPSP plates - due to the lamellas at their ends, they fit exactly, without leaving through seams. If necessary, adjust the slab to right size, it is easily cut with a hacksaw or even a sharp construction knife. |
 | For the passage of nozzles or cables, appropriate openings are cut in the plates. |
 | They try to fit the slabs as accurately as possible in order to avoid leaving even small gaps. If the gaps cannot be completely avoided, they are completely filled with polyurethane foam. |
 | After laying a continuous layer of insulation, the markings are again carried out. Now the main task is to outline the areas where stiffeners will be created, that is, on which the second (and, if necessary, the third) layer of thermal insulation will not be laid. |
 | Next, the stage of laying the second (third) layer of thermal insulation boards follows. As a result, “channels” are formed, which will set the USP stiffeners after pouring concrete. This illustration well shows what the picture is when using one layer of continuous thermal insulation, and two layers - along the premises of the future house, between the stiffeners. |
 | The next important stage of work is the creation of a reinforcing belt for the future slab. For the stiffening ribs, reinforcing frame structures are knitted, by analogy with those used in the strip foundation. As a rule, the knitting of such frames is carried out to the side, and then they are laid in place. The dimensions and number of rods of such a design are based on the design results. |
 | The frame reinforcing structure is laid in the “channel” of the stiffener. From below, it rests on supports, which creates the necessary gap, so that the armored belt is in the center of the resulting "tape". Pay attention to one more nuance. Although extruded polystyrene foam has sufficient rigidity, it may not be able to cope fully with the formwork function - there is a high risk of fracture under the pressure of the concrete solution being poured. Therefore, an additional wooden structure is mounted around the created "side", which is reinforced with wedges and oblique supports - just like when pouring a conventional strip foundation. |
 | After laying the belts along the stiffeners, a lattice reinforcing structure from rods or using ready-made cards is knitted over the rest of the area. In any case, the reinforcement structures are linked together. Special supplies are also placed under the grating so that it is approximately 40 mm from the bottom edge of the concrete slab to be poured. |
 | When the entire reinforcing structure is ready, they proceed to the installation of the slab water heating circuits. First of all, a distribution manifold is installed in the place provided for in the project. It is usually placed on two fixed metal profiles, which, after pouring the slab, will become the stationary posts of the manifold cabinet. |
 | For laying the circuits, only high-quality pipes are used, suitable for many years of trouble-free operation. Usually, pipes made of cross-linked PE-XA polyethylene are purchased for such purposes - this is the best option. It is probably unnecessary to explain that false economy on these materials is completely unacceptable. |
 | The pipes are laid out in the future rooms of the house in strict accordance with the previously developed project. The ends of the circuits are brought to the place where the collector is installed. |
 | The pipes are fixed to the reinforcement grid using conventional nylon clamps. |
 | After installing the circuits and connecting them to the manifold, it is imperative that the installed system be pressurized. To do this, it is filled with a coolant and a test pressure is created. The pressure gauge is monitored so that the pressure remains at a given level. Its fall will indicate that there is a leak somewhere - it will be necessary to identify and eliminate the defect. |
 | After testing, the pressure in the system is not released - it is necessary to prevent deformation of the pipes when the slab is poured with concrete. In fact, everything is ready for pouring - all that remains is to wrap the collector and the vulnerable places of the outgoing communications with foil so as not to splash them with solution. |
 | UWB, to ensure solidity, should ideally be filled in one go. This means that the required amount of mortar will have to be ordered and then distributed using a concrete pump. |
 | The mortar is distributed first with shovels, then with a rule, so as to reach a given level of slab thickness. |
 | However, the usual distribution of concrete in this case may not be enough, since it is completely unacceptable to leave even the slightest probability of the presence of voids and unconsolidated mortar. For high-quality casting, a deep vibrator is used, which ensures the filling of all voids and cavities with concrete, and for leveling the surface of the slab, the use of a vibrating screed will be the best solution. |
 | After pouring, the main stage of work on the creation of the USB can be considered completed - within the time period established by the technology, the concrete will reach the required maturity, it will be possible to remove the formwork, relieve pressure in the pipe kennels and proceed to the next stages of construction. However, since the resulting slab becomes, in fact, a finished floor, it makes sense to grout it while hardening it. To do this, after waiting for the initial setting of the solution (when the worker's foot will leave a mark no more than 2-3 mm deep), they begin to grout the surface using a special installation, which builders often call a "helicopter". At the same time, you can apply one of the concrete hardeners - powder topping. |
 | As a result, the sanded board will have a completely different look - perfectly flat, not dusty, ready for any further finishing operations. |
So, the result of the work - the insulated Swedish plate that has gained strength - is in full readiness for further stages of construction. And at the same time, the owners already have a reliable foundation for the house with a drainage system, heated floors of the first floor, completely suitable for any finishing, laid engineering communications.
There is no doubt that such a system of foundations will certainly receive further distribution and development, and the number of supporters of the "insulated Swedish plate" will constantly grow. Energy-saving technologies in construction are likely to have a broad future.
Foundation - insulated Swedish slab (USHP) refers to slab foundations.
A distinctive feature is that this foundation, among many, is a more progressive and original type of foundation, which, in principle, meets the most modern requirements for energy efficiency at home, and, in principle, for the construction of the foundation as a whole. The UWB foundation for the post-Soviet era is a relatively young option.
For the first time, information about the foundation of the insulated Swedish plate appeared on construction forums 10 - 15 years ago. There he was very actively discussed. But a number of points that you should definitely know when using such foundations have been omitted. Mostly there were laudatory odes to this foundation.
Advantages of USB, as well as of all slab foundations |
Disadvantages of USB and all slab foundations |
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The loads are transferred fairly evenly, since the slab, more than just a tape, distributes the loads and transfers them evenly to the base in the form of soil under the foundation. |
They are susceptible to the risks of heaving and uneven settlement as they are located in an unfavorable zone of soils with a low bearing capacity, as well as in the freezing zone, because they are not deepened by the supporting base to the depth of freezing. |
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Monolithicity. All monolithic work on pouring the foundation with concrete is carried out in one step. When pouring, a concrete pump and a deep vibrator must be used. The result is a monolithic concrete layer, which is very important for the foundation. |
There are nuances on the arrangement of communications and the relief of the site |
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Small amount of work. In contrast to monolithic strip foundations, there is much less work on the USP, both earthen, and about tying reinforcement, concrete acceptance, and formwork. |
Differences from a conventional slab foundation:
A large amount of insulation is used in the device of the UWB. It is used along the perimeter of the foundation and, as a rule, not to the depth of freezing, but to the depth of the foundation device, this is usually 600 mm, which corresponds to the standard size of the sheet of extruded polystyrene foam.
Also, the insulation is used directly under the stove and the blind areas are necessarily insulated.
This type of foundation, according to Dmitry Marchenko, is far from ideal. Marchenko believes that the choice of this type of foundation is more related to failure decisions than rational decisions.
After this type of foundation was promoted on construction forums, it was actively picked up by the manufacturers of expanded polystyrene insulation made technological maps, instructions for arranging these types of foundations. As a result, the topic of USWB has received even greater status as a professional solution for arranging the foundation of a private house. It is not without reason that these manufacturers became interested in this particular technology of foundations - a much larger amount of insulation was used in it and most of it was used simply irrationally, one could easily do without it.
Marchenko expresses the opinion that this technology is rather beneficial not for the owners of the future house, not for builders, it is beneficial specifically for the producers of expanded polystyrene.
Dmitry Marchenko studied this foundation in detail and did not see any other persons interested in this foundation, except for the producers of extruded polystyrene foam.
How rational is the UWB foundation?
On many sites promoting this foundation, you can see a large list of its benefits. According to Dmitry Marchenko, most of these advantages are simply far-fetched and, in fact, have no evidence.
ADVANTAGES SPECIFIED FOR USHP |
VALIDITY OF THE USHB FOUNDATION |
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| USB is a fairly cheap type of foundation, because a much smaller volume of reinforcement and concrete is used, a much smaller volume of earthworks and monolithic works. | The comparison is usually taken as a tape monolithic foundation... Indeed, in USHP less concrete is used - the slab thickness is only 100 mm and less reinforcement - reinforcement is knitted in just one layer. But long-term practice shows that one layer of reinforcement is not enough here. You need 2 layers of reinforcement and they must be tied up with clamps with a certain step, make additional "pawns" from the reinforcement. But this is not the case in the proposed USWB technology. Therefore, the main disadvantage of this foundation is a weak slab. Also, a lot of high-quality insulation is used in this foundation. And any insulation will not work here, you need high-quality and expensive extruded polystyrene foam. And for example, for a house with a slab measuring 10 x 10 meters, 18 cubes of insulation are required. And the foundation with so much insulation becomes simply “golden” in value. At a price, it even covers a monolithic strip foundation. Therefore, such an advantage as a low price is fundamentally wrong. Also, not the cheapest pleasure is the device of a sand cushion. First you need to choose your native soil, then bring in the sand. The sand must be moistened in layers and compacted, all must be MUST be observed. These are additional costs. |
| USHP is suitable for the construction of houses on any soil, and heaving and non-rocky, and subsiding and non-subsiding, etc. | |
| This foundation evenly distributes the loads. | |
| Suitable for all types of houses - timber, brick and lightweight concrete, etc. |
The thickness of the sand cushion is 300-400 mm, then it is very rare to achieve high-quality compaction of sand. Very often builders neglect this.
For example, they do not do it in layers or do not spill enough or, on the contrary, fill in the sand and then it cannot be tamped properly. And even if all this is carried out efficiently, all the same, uneven ramming places are possible over the entire area of the sand cushion. As a result, this will lead to the fact that the base of the sand cushion under the house, and it will not be local, but common to all slabs, may turn out to be uneven and will lead to uneven shrinkage of the foundation. uneven shrinkage of the foundation, in turn, will entail possible cracking of the foundation, and then the reinforcement in one layer will be extremely insufficient for the foundation to retain its geometry and not crack, which will result in a crack in the load-bearing structures of the house. Thus, the sand cushion affects the stability of the whole house.
Also, the disadvantage is the possible deformation of the EPS itself. Despite the fact that the manufacturer claims high technical and operational characteristics of its products, that the material has very high compression rates, practice shows that at high loads it works, at least, not as stated in its characteristics. This means that material deformations are possible, which will lead to uneven shrinkage of the foundation. Extruded polystyrene foam directly under the foundation slab receives enormous loads in the form of pressure from the side of the house, which means its durability is questionable. Despite the fact that manufacturers claim ideal qualities, there are very few stories of using EPS in this way, there is no information on its caking for 10-15-20 years, and this calls into question the integrity of the whole house. There is no certainty that a person will want to risk their investments in a house in order to experiment on themselves how the EC manufacturer was conscientious.
The disadvantages of this foundation, like other slab foundations, is a low base. Usually it is 10 cm already from the mark of the blind area and the wall structures of the house are very close to the ground, which means they will be in a zone of high humidity, which is a very vulnerable moment for our climate. A plinth with a height of 10 cm is not enough for our climate; in our climatic conditions, the plinth should have a height of 50-60 cm. This will provide a sufficient distance from the ground for wall structures and remove any moisture and snow from them. Like other types of slab foundations, this foundation will require a flat area and the absence of any slopes from either side towards the house. any rain or melt water will soak the side parts of the base of the foundation and these places will heave unevenly, undermine the blind area, it may even lead to the raising of some part of the foundation, and with an uneven play of the foundation, deformations may occur on the foundation or on the wall structures.
Most technological maps or instructions for arranging this foundation imply a drainage system. It must necessarily be arranged in a warm zone of the earth, otherwise the drainage will most likely simply burst with heaving in the first winter. It will be filled with water and in winter, when the temperature is below zero, it will simply freeze and burst. But any drainage system has a tendency to silting up, and in this case, this system just under the house will have a great tendency, because already at the stage of building the foundation of the house, it will be exposed to possible risks to clogging by workers, the vibrating plate will work. Of course, protection is arranged in the form of geotextiles, but practice shows that there are junction points and some shortcomings of the builders, as a result, the drainage systems are flooded. There is a way out that partially solves the situation, inspection hatches are being built through which drainage systems can be flushed under the pressure of water, but in most cases, hidden drainage systems are not the most the best solution, especially if this will not be done by specialists in drainage, but by ordinary builders in the construction of the foundation. In such cases, very often important points are missed, because if there is no practice, it cannot be replaced with information from the Internet. Moreover, it is not enough to simply lay drainage pipes. It is necessary to make a branch with a slope, you need to make a receiving well, install a drain pump. This will further increase the cost of construction.
On the site you will have to allocate space for a drainage well., regularly maintain and monitor it, clean the drainage system, which is likely to become completely silted up in 5-10 years. And the maintainability of drainage systems in these places is simply impossible. Any excavation work in this location will simply result in foundation settlement. This is another disadvantage to questions about the price of this foundation. On this, we can already say, in principle, that this type of foundation is not profitable.
But his shortcomings do not end there.
Private houses are usually built outside the city, where rodents, ants, etc. are found in large numbers. And the insulation under the foundation for them is an ideal place for arranging holes. The insulation will not be complete, and the pressure from the house will remain the same. Hence, deformations, subsidence of the insulation are possible, and with it subsidence of the foundation. And within 10-5 years, the picture with the geometry of the foundation can drastically deteriorate.
There is a solution that is partially used in the construction of any house, since it is always rational to insulate the blind area of the house, to insulate the foundation in order to exclude freezing of the slab, to exclude frost penetration under the foundation, even a monolithic one, therefore, when installing insulation from EP, the right solution is always to equip a protective mesh ... But if you protect the entire volume of the insulation with a metal mesh, then it is very expensive, and it is not a fact that ants cannot get there.
With regard to underfloor heating when constructing this foundation: The layout of pipes for underfloor heating can already be carried out at the stage of its construction. Underfloor heating pipes are fastened with clamps to fittings, which are located at the bottom of the slab. And as a result, after pouring, you get a ready-made foundation in which the pipes for the warm floor are located, which means you will not need to do classical system installation of warm floors on insulation, when an insulation is arranged on a monolithic slab of a house, pipes for a warm floor are laid, a screed is made, and as a result you also get a warm floor, but you pay extra money for this work.
The floor screed, which is arranged along the pipes of the warm floor, has a relatively low density, and, accordingly, the heat capacity, in comparison with a monolithic slab. This makes it possible for the underfloor heating pipes to relatively quickly warm up the screed layer and give off heat to the room. If you look at the underfloor heating system in the USHP, then in contrast to the classic screed. we get: the stove itself has a high density and high heat capacity, which means that in order to heat this stove, the boiler must work much more. and you will have to pay more for it to warm up the entire volume of concrete, and only then will it give high-quality heat to the room. And if from floor heating pipes to finishing coating thickness is 5-6 cm, then in the case of UWB this distance increases by 2-2.5 times. And in order to warm up your house, you have to warm up the stove itself for 1-2 days, and only then will some kind of thermal effect from the underfloor heating pipes begin. This system is very slow to warm up and cool down. therefore, if we compare the device of underfloor heating, then the classical system is more advantageous, because it allows, at a lower cost in heat energy, to quickly transfer this energy to the room.
Because Since this system is directly connected to water, then it may have problems with leaks. Builders can accidentally crush or damage the pipe, which could lead to the need for repairs. In the case of the classical system, the screed is broken, the place of breakdown is found and eliminated. It is not difficult to find the place of breakdown here, since it will show a wet stain on the floor. and in the case of a monolithic slab, finding the place of damage will be quite problematic, you will also have to make a lot of efforts to get to the pipe, and the solidity of the supporting structure of the house will be broken. And in the case of a screed, the search and elimination of the hole will not affect the integrity of the supporting structures.
Like all other slab foundations, this foundation requires a clear technological calculation, as well as a clear understanding and a clear arrangement of zero cycle engineering systems already at the foundation stage. Those. if, when installing other types of foundations, you have the opportunity to think about moving the pipe leads before installing the plumbing, then with this system you will not be able to move the already withdrawn pipes anywhere. ,
If you are faced with the fact that pipes, sleeves come out of the foundation slab, always protect them, covering them with something is an incomplete solution, the most proven is to make boxes of wood. ...
The technology is beneficial for manufacturers of extruded polystyrene foam.
The construction of any building begins with the installation of a foundation, which acts not only as a reliable basis for the structure, but also provides the structure with durability. Today there are many types of such bases, but the base with the use of insulated Swedish plates (USHP) is especially popular with developers. This material is made by modern technologies, allows you to save on construction costs and time, and is also an excellent heat insulator.
UWB foundation is monolithic base, lined with Swedish slabs with insulation throughout the entire area and the perimeter of the sole. Such a foundation is a ready-made subfloor for the first floor; in addition to communications, a heating system can also be built into it.
The slabs are laid shallowly, since they include high-quality insulation - expanded polystyrene, which reliably protects the base from below from freezing. Besides, construction material contains particles of graphite, which make the boards strong and resistant to power loads and exposure to sunlight. It is also worth noting that the USB foundation never shrinks - this is very important when constructing buildings on areas with problem soil.
Swedish slabs differ from conventional sandwich structures in that they significantly reduce the cost of building a base. Such elements can be used, for example, in houses located in areas with severe climatic conditions, where there is a low temperature regime and high humidity soil in spring and autumn period, because these foundations are resistant to frost and protect the building from heat loss.
They are also ideal for buildings in which non-conventional heating using water heating is planned. Heating lines are installed directly inside the plates, and they transfer thermal energy from the carrier to the entire surface of the base.
When the construction is carried out on problem soil, then this is also a reason for using the USB technology. Thanks to the multilayer structure, which is additionally reinforced with strong reinforcement and poured with concrete, the base is reliable and allows you to build houses on soil with an increased concentration of peat, clay and sand.
For the construction of multi-storey buildings, the height of which exceeds 9 m, these slabs are also an indispensable element. USB slabs ensure the stability of the frames, as well as strengthen log cabins and structures made of hollow panels.
USB-foundation is widely used in modern construction, since, unlike other types of foundations, it is budget option and has many advantages. The advantages of this design include, for example, the minimum installation time - the complete installation of the plates, as a rule, is carried out within two weeks.
Also, such a material has good thermal insulation, because thanks to expanded polystyrene, which is part of the material, freezing of the soil under the base of the foundation is excluded, which reduces the risk of subsidence and heaving of the earth. In addition, the cost of heating the building is significantly reduced.
The UVF surface acts as a finished subfloor, on which ceramic tiles can be laid immediately without prior leveling. This difference makes it possible to save time for finishing.
The material has high compressive strength and resistance to moisture, so this type of foundation is durable and can reliably serve for decades, while maintaining its original characteristics. During the construction of Swedish slabs, it is also important to take into account their disadvantages:
Like any building material, the Swedish plate has its own device characteristics. The foundation is monolithic, made according to the latest production technologies and consists of the following layers:
Therefore, we can say that the Swedish plate is a unique type of base with a specific structure, which simultaneously combines waterproofing, insulation and a heating system. Such a versatile "pie" allows not only to quickly build buildings, but also retains heat well, creating comfort in the premises. For thermal insulation, polystyrene foam sheets are used, thanks to which the foundation is insulated. The reinforcement is made of steel rods with a diameter of 12 to 14 mm - they strengthen the building frame and protect the floor from cracking.
Thanks to this structure, the USB-foundation, like its Finnish counterpart, is ideal for building a house where a strip foundation or a foundation on piles cannot be used. In addition, this type of structure is characterized by integrity, due to which the foundation does not collapse under the influence of low temperature and moisture.
The installation of Swedish slabs must be started with preliminary calculations, taking into account the characteristics of the soil, the load of the structure and the effect of atmospheric precipitation. Therefore, first of all, it is imperative to determine the type of soil on the land plot where development is planned. In addition, they study the level of placement of groundwater and the depth of freezing of layers of the earth. The main task calculations is the preparation of a design project, which indicates the thickness of the foundation layers.
For the correct calculation, the following data is taken:
The cost of installing Swedish plates can be different, since it depends on the size of the building, as well as on the features of the sewerage and water supply.
The USB foundation is widely used in modern construction, it has many advantages and can be easily installed with your own hands. Since Swedish slabs in their design have high-quality insulation, the base of the building turns out to be warm and does not require additional installation of insulation, which saves not only the time of work, but also finances. In order to independently perform this type of foundation, it is necessary to consistently carry out some stages of work.
Summing up, we can say that the installation of the USB foundation is not particularly difficult, but in order for the foundation to be strong and reliable, each of the above steps should be performed strictly adhering to the technology, and do not forget to do quality control.
If all construction standards are met, then the USHP foundation will become a warm and solid support for the house.
Recently, when constructing new buildings, they are trying to apply innovative technologies - this applies not only to the construction of the frame, but also to the foundation. Most builders choose Swedish panels for installing the base, as they have excellent performance characteristics and have positive reviews. When erecting such a foundation, it is worth considering some of the recommendations of experts.
The fewer the number of joints in the base, the less the risk of leaks. Therefore, an option is considered ideal in which there are no joints under the slab.
