Air heating is a method of heating premises without the participation of a heat carrier. The implementation of this heating method is possible both with the help of direct methods ( heat gun, fan heater, Buleryan stove), and with the help of traditional (, electric boilers, etc.).
Heating with direct heat sources is relevant for small industrial premises having one room, and heating with traditional heat sources - for rooms with several rooms. An air circulation pump is used for air injection.
For large objects, such a method as air heating of industrial premises is one of the most economical and efficient heating methods.
Calculation air heating depends on the type of heating scheme chosen and taking into account some of the nuances, but otherwise differs little from the methods of calculation when organizing others heating systems.
Air heating systems diagrams
Depending on where the heat source is located, possible air schemes are divided into two types:
- Central system
- Local system.
Local heating circuit
When the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe heating system extends to only one room in which the heating center itself is located, the scheme is called local scheme air heating of industrial premises. The calculation and selection of the scheme are made depending on the specifics of the production facility, taking into account a number of operational requirements.
Central heating circuit
Another name for this scheme is channel. Its meaning lies in the fact that the air is heated to the desired temperature in the thermal center, and then supplied to the premises through the air ducts. The heating installation can be placed both inside the building and outside.
Built according to the central type, in turn, they are recirculating, direct-flow, partially recirculating.
Recirculation system. Requires relatively low start-up costs, and operating costs are also low.
It is used in rooms where air circulation is allowed.
Partial recirculation system. It is a more flexible system, it is realized due to mechanical impulses of air movement. It is capable of operating in different modes: with partial air replacement or complete. It can work in conjunction with ventilation units.
Direct-flow system. The use of such a system is relevant for rooms in which explosive substances, toxic or fire hazardous, are emitted - in cases where the ingress of these substances into other rooms is unacceptable.
Advantages and disadvantages of air systems
Air heating of industrial premises is the optimal way to heat large spaces, due to the fact that:
- Has a high heating rate. If we are talking about water heating of industrial premises, then only one outlet of water to the radiators and its heating to an acceptable temperature takes at least 3-4 hours. In the case of air heating, the heating of the premises occurs very quickly - on average, within 20 minutes from the start of the air heating system.
- Low cost of equipment and materials. in their cost, they differ little from similar water devices, but the cost of wiring is ten times cheaper for the owners of premises. This is explained by the fact that when organizing a heating system, the use of expensive heating radiators, pipes, taps and fittings is not required. For routing, aluminum hoses are sufficient and ventilation grilles, the cost of which is ten times lower.
- Immunity to low temperatures. The heating system is not afraid of freezing in the event of a forced shutdown, so production facilities can be turned off without fear of defrosting pipes and radiators.
- The organization of air heating is often carried out in conjunction with ventilation and air conditioning systems.
- Easy to start up the system. To start air heating, there is no need for tedious setting of devices, since balancing occurs only once at the first start. In the future, the issue of bleeding air masses is solved automatically.
Despite the abundance of advantages, the system has some disadvantages.
Here it should be said about the noise of the system, the occurrence of drafts and the need to use air ducts with a large diameter, which are often economically inexpedient to hide under the ceiling.
Calculation of air heating
Before proceeding to installation works, a number of important issues need to be resolved. In particular, air heating of industrial premises, the calculation for which is required to be made, is carried out depending on:
- the volume of heat loss in each separate room;
- the material of the walls of the building and their thickness;
- the number of windows and their area;
- the type and power of the heating device;
- the number of people who will work in the heated room;
- additional heat sources;
- the required amount of heated air;
- air duct sections;
- possible pressure loss in the system.
As a result of the analysis of these parameters, the possible heat loss in kilowatts and the need for the volume of heat energy for air heating of industrial premises are determined. The calculation in the presence of these data is simple: it is required to compensate for the calculated losses of heat energy by additional generation.
Typically, about 700 W of thermal energy is required for every 10 m2. If heat loss exceeds average values, then this figure can reach up to 1 kW for every 10 m2.
At the same time, for premises located in the northern regions, the calculation is carried out with an increased coefficient equal to 1.5-2.0.
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In the cold season, the autonomous heating of the industrial premises provides the employees of the enterprise with comfortable working conditions. Normalization temperature regime also has a beneficial effect on the safety of buildings, machines and equipment. Heating systems, with the unity of the task before them, have technological differences. Some use hot water boilers for heating industrial premises, while others use compact heaters. Consider the specifics of industrial heating and the effectiveness of the use of various systems.
At low temperatures heating of industrial premises, as required by labor protection, should be carried out in cases where the time spent by workers there exceeds 2 hours. The only exceptions are premises in which the constant presence of people is not necessary (for example, rarely visited warehouses). Also, they do not heat structures, being inside which is equivalent to carrying out work outside buildings. However, here, too, it is necessary to provide for the presence of special devices for heating workers.
Labor protection imposes a number of sanitary and hygienic requirements for heating industrial premises:
To carry out a heat engineering calculation, before planning any industrial heating, you need to use the standard method.
Qt (kW / h) = V * ∆T * K / 860
The heat loss coefficient, which is included in the calculation of the heating system for industrial premises, changes taking into account the type of building and the level of its thermal insulation. The less thermal insulation, the higher the value of the coefficient.
Heating the production area with steam allows you to maintain a high ambient temperature (up to 100 degrees). When organizing the heating process, it is not necessary to take into account the number of floors. The temperature can be brought to the required value in a short time. This applies to both heating and cooling. All equipment, including communications, does not take up much space.
The steam heating method is optimal if the production room needs to be heated up or the temperature reduced periodically. The method is more effective than the water method.
The following disadvantages are highlighted:
Water heating is appropriate if there is a private boiler room nearby or if the central water supply is functioning. The main component in this case will be an industrial heating boiler that can run on gas, electricity or solid fuel.
Water will be supplied under high pressure and temperature. Usually, with its help, it is impossible to qualitatively heat large workshops, therefore the method is called "on duty". But they reveal a number of advantages:
The heated air enters the room, where it mixes with the environment and the temperature is balanced. Sometimes it is necessary to reduce energy costs. To do this, filters are used to clean the air and reuse it for heating industrial buildings.
Most enterprises during their existence Soviet Union used a convection heating system industrial buildings... The difficulty in using this method lies in the fact that warm air, according to the laws of physics, rises up, while the part of the room located at the floor remains less heated.
Today, more rational heating is provided by the air heating system of industrial premises.
Hot air, which is preheated in the heat generator by means of air ducts, is transferred to the heated part of the building. Distribution heads are used to distribute heat energy throughout the space. In some cases, fans are installed, which can be replaced by portable equipment, including a heat gun.
It should be noted that such heating can be combined with various supply systems ventilation and air conditioning. This is what makes it possible to heat huge complexes, which previously could not be achieved.
This method is widely used in heating warehouse complexes, as well as indoor sports facilities. In addition, in most cases such a method is the only possible one, since it possesses the highest level fire safety.
Naturally, it could not do without some negative properties. For example, the installation of air heating will cost a pretty penny to the owners of the enterprise.
Not only are the fans necessary for normal operation costing a lot, but they also consume huge amounts of electricity, since their performance reaches about several thousand cubic meters per hour.
Not every company is ready to spend a lot of money on an air heating system, so many people prefer to use a different method. Infrared industrial heating is becoming more and more popular every day.
The infrared burner operates on the principle of flameless combustion of air located on the porous part of the ceramic surface. The ceramic surface is distinguished by the fact that it is capable of emitting a whole spectrum of waves, which are concentrated in the infrared region.
A feature of these waves is their high degree of permeability, that is, they can freely pass through air currents in order to transfer their energy to a certain place. The infrared beam is directed to a predetermined area by means of various reflectors.
Therefore, heating industrial premises using such a burner allows for maximum comfort. In addition, this heating method makes it possible to heat both individual work areas and entire buildings.
At the moment, it is the use of infrared heaters that is considered the most modern and progressive method of heating industrial buildings due to the following positive characteristics:
Having performed the correct calculation, you can install a powerful, economical and independent heating system of the enterprise, which does not require constant maintenance.
It is worth noting that such equipment is used, among other things, for heating poultry houses, greenhouses, café terraces, auditoriums, shopping and sports halls, as well as various bituminous coatings for technological purposes.
The full effect of the operation of an infrared burner can be felt in those rooms that are distinguished by large volumes of cold air. The compactness and mobility of such equipment makes it possible to maintain the temperature at a certain level, depending on the technological need and time of day.
Many people are concerned about the issue of safety, since the word "radiation" is associated with radiation and harmful influence on human health. In fact, the operation of infrared heaters is completely safe for both humans and indoor equipment.
Before proceeding with the design of a particular system, think about which industrial heating boiler to choose, you need to study the following rules and follow them. It is imperative to take into account the loss of heat, because not only the air in the room heats up, but also equipment and objects. The maximum temperature of the coolant (water, steam) is 90 degrees, and the pressure is 1 MPa.
During the cold season, the interior of industrial buildings of all sizes needs to be maintained at a normal temperature. For heating industrial premises, several types of heating systems are usually used. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Which option to choose will depend on the object, its area and purpose.
Due to the harsh climate of Russia in cold seasons, production facilities need to be heated and maintained. It will take a lot of effort to create normal conditions. This is due to the large size of the buildings, the implementation certain works and placed in them technological equipment. All these factors complicate the task of installing a heating system.
Despite such difficulties, heating of industrial premises is still provided. The heating system in such buildings performs several important functions:
Heating and cooling of high rooms. Air diffuser Hoval Air-Injector
Areas of industrial buildings vary in size and range from tens to several thousand square meters. These buildings usually have very high ceilings and a small work area that needs heating. Unlike residential buildings and apartments, industrial heating has its own characteristics.
Equipment for heating industrial premises should be as efficient as possible. The area of its location in the building is irrelevant in terms of aesthetics. There are structures in which it is necessary to heat a certain area, but there are also those where it is necessary to heat the entire area. Consideration of heat loss is of great importance. The heating system is selected depending on the type and purpose of the room.
Calculating for autonomous heating industrial premises and enterprises need to take into account that they must maintain a constant temperature without sudden jumps. In some places there is a need to create separate zones with different levels of heat. When calculating a specific type of system, one must rely on the following criteria:
All these factors will help determine the need for thermal energy for industrial and industrial buildings. To calculate heating systems, you must use a special table. It is also necessary to take into account the specifics of production, the availability of fuel, its cost, heat engineering calculations.
Several heating systems for industrial facilities are now offered. The most effective are:
Heating large rooms
When choosing any of these options, you need to focus on the dimensions of the building, ease of installation and the availability of repairs if necessary. It is also important to calculate the amount of thermal energy that will be spent to maintain a certain temperature regime.
All of the above types of heating have their own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a project, you must take into account technological processes... People working in workshops will not be able to stay indoors if the temperature in it drops below 10 o C. Finished products are usually placed in warehouses. Its quality can suffer from temperature extremes, so it needs to create a certain microclimate.
Heating with steam differs in that it cannot be installed in rooms where there is emission of flammable gases, aerosols or a constant source of dust. For example, in the production paving slabs such a heating system will not work. For other businesses, steam heating has its advantages. This, for example, heat that holds constantly. She is able to warm up the room very quickly, but the building also cools down soon. The number of floors in a building does not matter to keep warm. This type can be called ideal for intermittent heating.
In addition to the positive aspects, steam heating has its drawbacks. The equipment makes a lot of noise during operation. The second disadvantage is that it is very difficult to regulate heat transfer and the amount of steam. The cost of the heating season will depend on the frequency of use and the type of fuel.
In heating hot water the main component is the boiler. It tends to work on many types of energy sources:
The most economical option fuel is considered to be gas and coal. Other types of consumption will cost more, which is less beneficial for heating industrial buildings.
Water heating has its own characteristics. It is released under high pressure; when using it, it is possible to maintain the required temperature level so that the structure does not freeze. If during operation the temperature mark drops to 0 ° C, then the installation may fail. When not in use heating equipment you need to add antifreeze.
The main advantage of such a system is fast heating. However, apart from this plus, there are many disadvantages. For example, with high ceilings in industrial buildings hot air the top will rise, and the cold will remain below. With such heating, a lot of electricity is consumed, the air becomes dry, so it is necessary to humidify it to a normal state.
Through electrical appliances you can use the most different systems... Nowadays, many modern developments are being used more and more often. For example, infrared emitters great for warehouses.
Also install thermal curtains, due to which the cold does not get inside the buildings. Nevertheless, despite all the positive qualities, with the help of these devices it will not work to warm up the entire area, and when using additional equipment material costs will be high.
Ceiling systems are considered the most effective. This innovative radiant technology allows you to heat the walls, floors and ceilings of any room. During operation, the local zone quickly heats up, and this type of equipment occupies a minimum of area. Infrared heating does not need reconstruction for a long time, the installation of this system is quick and easy (it is sometimes installed in the form of wall panels). According to many experts, radiant heaters are the most acceptable option for heating industrial buildings and premises.
| Fan heater prices | |
|---|---|
| TBEu-0.1 (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 321,300 |
| TBEu-0.1k (Firebox, heat exchanger, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 321,300 |
| TVEu-0.2t (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 552,700 |
| TVEu-0.2s (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 514,100 |
| TVEu-0.2k (Firebox, heat exchanger, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 552,700 |
| TBEu-0.4m (Complete with a hopper, a circulation fan and a smoke exhauster) | RUB 1,240,200 |
| TVEu-0.4s (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 1,028,300 |
| TVEu-0.4 (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, ShU) | RUB 1,028,300 |
| TBEu-1,2 (Complete with a bunker, blowing and circulation fans, smoke exhauster) | RUB 1,928,300 |
Heating industrial premises is a laborious task that requires competent design of the heating system and the calculation of optimal capacities.
As a rule, one of three types of heating is most often used in workshops and other industrial premises:
More and more entrepreneurs are choosing an air heating system for a warehouse or workshop, as it has a number of obvious advantages.
The air is heated in a heat exchanger through a metal wall, without having direct contact with flue gases. The maximum temperature of the heated air can reach 200 C. The specificity of the process makes it possible to use fan heaters in different industries:
The air heating system of industrial premises, warehouses and workshops is an economical and highly efficient equipment that will minimize the cost of finance and time for start-up and further maintenance. Contact our managers to get advice or leave a request.
