One of the first human inventions was the stool. It is she, along with the bed and the table, who is the progenitor of all that we are sitting on now. Before ancient man came up with a stool, he sat on the ground. When people realized that it was cold and damp on the ground, they began to put skins, bundles of grass or branches under them. The prototype of the chair was a log. But since it rolls around, someone thought of chopping it into pieces and sitting on the resulting log. Such a block was not very easy to carry from place to place, and they began to cut off unnecessary parts from the sides or bottom, so that at the same time it remained stable. Stools are backless chairs or short benches for only one person only. In confined spaces in rooms, they are the most suitable furniture products, they take up little space. Similar to a stool, a wooden block is considered, it can act as seats or tables. It is made industrially from a debarked cedar, oak, or birch trunk. The shape of the barrel is often used in their work by modern designers. It is very comfortable to sit on a log that is placed on the butt, but it is difficult to drag it. To make the stump lighter, grind its middle. This is how the stools have a “waist” that is very comfortable to grasp. Similar patterns are still found among African tribes. Models with chiseled silhouettes look great in absolutely any interior - both classic and modern.
The oldest specimens found on stools date back to around 3000 BC. It was these ancient stools that later became the progenitors of chairs.
In Ancient Egypt, wood was actively used for the manufacture of furniture, including stools. Even kings and pharaohs used stools in those days. Moreover, not only ordinary, but also folding stools were in use, the seats of which were made of wood, and the legs resembled hooves and were made of elephant tusks.
Ancient specimens wooden furniture found in Egyptian burials, which are more than 5 thousand years old. The craftsmen of those times did not know lathes and owned frame-paneled viscous structures. Chiseled furniture appeared much later in Mesopotamia. Because the tree rots, then the Egyptian finds have great luck. Among the more noble and important furniture was a simple stool that went through all eras and styles. At all times, artists, woodcarvers and architects have made changes in its design and shape.
During the First Dynasty, the stool served as a throne for the pharaohs. But the pharaohs of the Second Dynasty already had thrones with a back, and the stool faded into the background.
A little later, all the furniture makers from the bank of the Nile pulled a mat between the supports. Under the weight of the seated person, she begins to deform exactly as necessary. And the stability of this structure will provide an x-shaped base.
The Romans made the mounts movable - this is how folding stools appear. Portable folding chairs followed the senators to various meeting rooms. Later they were transformed into camping chairs, from which the director's chairs also originated.
Still later, a saddle-shaped form appears, peeped from the nomads. The representative of the steppe peoples, in order not to sit on the cold ground, used the harness removed from the horses as a seat. In the middle of the last century, Achille Castiglioni was the very first to remove the seat from the bicycle and put it on a steel rod with a stand - it turned out to be a stool. The shape of the saddle stool has been favorably approved by physiotherapists because it allows you to redistribute the load from the lumbar spine to the ischial bone. Therefore, there is no need to lean on the backs of chairs.
Gothic stools can be seen in medieval miniatures and paintings by old masters. Such a stool can be seen in one of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum. It is a seat, located on two legs-struts, carved, wide and flat. At the bottom there is one crossbar, two more carved crossbars are located under the seat. The entire structure was assembled without a single nail.
Mass production of stools began in the 30s of the last century. In those years, the ingenious simplicity of the stools, bordering on perfection, captivated many - the round seat and the plywood legs in the shape of the letter "L" were the height of grace. And thanks to the simple technology and the minimum number of parts, the production of stools was very cheap. Historians find symbolic features in such a stool. For example, a round wooden seat symbolizes the sun, and the legs of a stool represent rays. Thus, a sun appeared in the house, one frost. In addition, the environmental friendliness of such furniture is a big plus. Moreover, these stools are easy to store. They can simply be stacked one on top of the other and put away in the closet.
In the French court, luxurious, silk-covered chairs played an important role in palace ritual. At the royal reception, everyone was required to stand. Only a few of the ladies of the court were granted by the king the “right of a stool,” that is, the right to sit in his presence.
A miracle of folk design thought - a one-legged stool with straps for tying around the waist. When a lazy shepherd grazed his goats on the slope, he did not even need to take a stool in his hands - he constantly carried it on himself, and stopping to sit down, he simply stuck his leg into the ground.
Well, it's hard not to remember the stool in connection with the work of Ilf and Petrov, with light hand which moonshine received another name - stool. In their novels, there is a constant opposition of a noble chair to a prosaic stool. The stool becomes a social detail describing office life.
Stools are very popular to this day, and the variety of shapes, sizes and colors is simply amazing.
Stools are the largest group of furniture items. Now stools are almost any seat without backs and armrests. The modern stool is made from the most various materials(wood, plastic, metal, leather, fabric, etc.). The stool is soft and hard, with a round, square or rectangular seat, which rests on 3 - 4 legs and stands on two frames.
A separate category is made up of "one-legged", the so-called screw chairs on a single central support. Very often they rotate, and some of them are also capable of rising to a height from the traditional 40 cm to 80-85 cm. Of course, bar chairs are a special variety.
Modern stools are bright, colorful, functional pieces that can transform the interior of any kitchen. For this, the choice of a stool for the kitchen or living room should always be approached with special attention, since they should ideally fit into design idea premises.
In our online store you can find stools and chairs in the Chairs section http: //site/index.php? CategoryID = 611 & sort = Price & direction = ASC
". In Russian it is borrowed through it. Taburétt) - a piece of furniture for seating one person without a back and armrests.
Stools are made of wood, metal, plastic, chipboard, MDF, plywood and other materials. The stool seat can be either rigid (including lining made of abrasion-resistant material, such as plastic), and a soft element with fabric or leather upholstery.
The main parts of the stool are the leg (support) and the seat. The legs of the stool can be connected with each other by the upper drawers and additionally by the lower legs.
In Moscow, on Taganskaya Street, there is a monument to a stool: since April 3, 2007, the Museum of Furniture is located in the former estate of the Arshenevsky brothers, in front of which there is a three-meter monument to a stool.
Date: 2011-04-07
Now, if there is a choice, any of us would prefer to sit in a soft comfortable chair or on a comfortable chair with a backrest on which to lean. Stool we choose for completely different reasons - compactness, mobility, cost, but hardly comfort. However, this was not always the case. There was a time when the simplest seat without back and armrests was the only piece of furniture available to sit on. Therefore, there was no need to complain about the inconvenience.
The first stools, who became the ancestors of chairs and armchairs, were known in ancient times. By the way, we are talking not only about a standard stool in the form of three or four legs and a seat, but also about a folding stool invented in Ancient Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. Such stool consisted of wooden frame and a hanging leather seat. However, its design has remained practically unchanged to this day. Folding today stools popular among summer residents, fishermen, kebab lovers in nature. Like stool It is convenient to carry with you in the car, and it will always come in handy for a picnic in the forest or while relaxing on the beach.
More familiar tough stool was also known in ancient Egypt. The first stools with a back appeared there - the predecessors of modern chairs. However, they did not differ in comfort: hard, uncomfortable, they were used as ceremonial furniture. Therefore their main task was to look personable and amaze the imagination with rich decoration, decorations and unusual design... For example, the legs of such stools could be made in the form of wolf's or lion's paws.
Other "finds" of the ancient Egyptians in the creation of stools were seats with a concave, non-planar surface of the seat, as well as seats woven from leather belts.
The wicker seat is also typical of ancient Persian stools. Such stool was short, distinguished by unusually decorated legs - in the form of pine cones, bunches of fruits or in the form of animal paws. The Persians used to put pillows on top of the stools. For more important occasions, luxurious ceremonial bedspreads were used. We sat cross-legged on Persian stools.
Over time stool evolved and changed several times. Have appeared stools both with three and with four legs, their design has also undergone a variety of changes. Simple square or round legs, threaded legs, gracefully curved and straight, wooden and metal ... The variety is great, and allows you to find for your home stool in any style.
Changes have also been made to the seat of the stool. Now you can find a stool with almost any shape of the seat - round, square, triangular, or even one for which a name has not yet been invented. The surface of the seat does not have to be hard. Many stools now they are upholstered with leatherette, under which a foam rubber layer creeps up. Sitting on such a stool is much softer and more comfortable.
We choose stools for the home, based on their needs and preferences. Furniture production offers us options for all occasions. Therefore, modern stool inferior to chairs in convenience, perhaps due to the lack of a back. If this moment is not important for you, buy stools for your house and dacha. You will not regret!
A, m. TABURETKA and, well. tabouret m. 1. A chair with a square or round rigid seat without a back. ALS 1. Bench. Kurganov. The chair is a bench, no reclining. Dahl. One canapes, twelve armchairs, two crimson velvet stools, trimmed with braid ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms
- (French tabouret). Chair, bench without back and handles. Electric stool. In physics: a small bench with glass legs used to insulate a person or things that want to electrify. Dictionary of foreign words included in ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
STOOL, stool, man., And STOOL, stool, woman. (French tabouret). A kind of bench with a square or round seat without a back, ex. instead of a chair. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
STOOL, ah, husband. and STOOL, and, wives. Seat on four legs without backrest for one person. Wooden stool. | adj. stool, oh, oh and stool, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Male, French chair bench, no leaning. Round stool under the piano. Stool cushion. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Present, number of synonyms: 9 difros (3) furniture (87) pate (3) ... Synonym dictionary
stool- A piece of furniture for one person sitting, without back and armrests. [GOST 20400 80] Products furniture production General terms types of furniture by functional purpose EN stool DE HockerUngepolstert FR tabouret ... Technical translator's guide
stool- a word in common use, an everyday thing, necessary in the household, and there is nothing interesting in it, it would seem. But if you delve into the history of the word, unexpected facts will come to light. The French tabouret originally meant pad for ... ... An entertaining etymological dictionary
Genus. p.a (for example, at Leskov's). Borrowing through it. Taburett from French. tabouret, Art. French tabour (Kluge Götze 608; Littmann 89; Hamilscheg, ЕW 827) ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer
CREATIVE PROJECT
ON THE SUBJECT "TECHNOLOGY"
"STOOL"
Completed:
student of grade 8 "a"
MBOU SOSH №51
Nozdryukhin Alexander.
Supervisor:
technology teacher
Valentine
Olegovych.
Voronezh
1. From the history of the appearance of the stool ………………… .3-6.
2. Justification of the arisen need ………… .... 7.
3. The choice of material …………………………………… .8.
4. Tools and devices ……………… ...… 9.
5. Dimensions of the stool …………………………… ......… 10.
6. Drawing of the stool ……………………………… ....… 11.
7. Technological map ……………………… ... 12-13.
8. Safety regulations ……………………………………… 14-15.
9. The order of work. ………………………………… 16-17.
10. Evaluation of work…. ………………………… .. ……… 18.
11. Economic calculation…. ………… .. …………… ..19.
12. Used literature ……… .. ………………… 20.
From the history of the appearance of the stool.
Stool- a piece of furniture for one person to sit without a back and armrests.
One of the first human inventions was the stool. Before ancient man came up with a stool, he sat on the ground. When people realized that it was cold and damp on the ground, they began to put skins, bundles of grass or branches under them. A log became the prototype of the stool. But since it rolls around, someone thought of chopping it into pieces and sitting on the resulting log. Such a block was not very easy to carry from place to place, and they began to cut off unnecessary parts from the sides or bottom, so that at the same time it remained stable.
In confined spaces in rooms, stools are the most suitable furniture products, they take up little space. A wooden block is considered similar to a stool; it can act as seats or tables.
The oldest specimens found on stools date back to around 3000 BC.
In Ancient Egypt, wood was actively used for the manufacture of furniture, including stools. Even kings and pharaohs used stools in those days. Moreover, not only ordinary, but also folding stools were in use, the seats of which were made of wood, and the legs resembled hooves and were made of elephant tusks.
Ancient samples of wooden furniture have been found in Egyptian burials, which are more than 5 thousand years old.
During the First Dynasty, the stool served as a throne for the pharaohs.
Still later, a saddle-shaped form appears, peeped from the nomads. The representative of the steppe peoples, in order not to sit on the cold ground, used the harness removed from the horses as a seat. In the middle of the last century, Achille Castiglioni was the very first to remove the seat from the bicycle and put it on a steel rod with a stand - it turned out to be a stool. The shape of the saddle stool has been positively approved by physiotherapists: how such a seat will allow you to redistribute the load from the lumbar spine to the ischial bone
Mass production of stools began in the 30s of the last century. In those years, the ingenious simplicity of the stools, bordering on perfection, captivated many - the round seat and the plywood legs in the shape of the letter "L" were the height of grace. And thanks to the simple technology and the minimum number of parts, the production of stools was very cheap. Historians find symbolic features in such a stool. For example, a round wooden seat symbolizes the sun, and the legs of a stool represent rays. Thus, a sun appeared in the house, one frost. In addition, the environmental friendliness of such furniture is a big plus. Moreover, these stools are easy to store. They can simply be stacked one on top of the other and put away in the closet.
In the French court, luxurious, silk-covered chairs played an important role in palace ritual. At the royal reception, everyone was required to stand. Only a few of the ladies of the court were granted by the king the “right of a stool,” that is, the right to sit in his presence.
A miracle of folk design thought - a one-legged stool with straps for tying around the waist. When a lazy shepherd grazed his goats on the slope, he did not even need to take a stool in his hands - he constantly carried it on himself, and stopping to sit down, he simply stuck his leg into the ground.
Stools are very popular to this day, and the variety of shapes, sizes and colors is simply amazing.
Stools are used for different purposes and for different jobs and therefore are:
· Kitchen stool - a stool designed to perform work in the kitchen.
· For tourists - a folding stool with a light, durable base, resistant to moisture and heat.
· Bar stool - high stools with foot support.
· For playing a musical instrument - stools with a rotating, height-adjustable seat.
· Special purpose - intended for a certain type of work, and having specific features (size, strength indicators, coatings).
Stools are made of wood, metal, plastic, chipboard, MDF, plywood and other materials. The stool seat can be either rigid (including lining made of abrasion-resistant material, such as plastic), and a soft element with fabric or leather upholstery.
In Moscow, on Taganskaya Street, there is a monument to a stool. Since April 3, 2007, a furniture museum has been located in the former estate of the Arshenevsky brothers, in front of which there is a three-meter monument to a stool.
Similar information.
