The porch has a property to transform a private house, and a wooden porch is the element that creates comfort. What could be the design of such a porch, and how to do it, you can read in this article.
The first thing they see guests entering your house, of course, porch. How nice is not just to rest on the door, but we will climb on a beautifully designed porch. And what if there will be vases with flowers and other beauty?
In addition to beauty, the porch can become a very useful and functional space near the house. So, indoor option protects against rain And during a thunderstorm you can get in the chair under the canopy and contemplate the majestic phenomenon of nature. It is possible to just look at the photo of the porch with wicker furniture, blooming petunias in suspended porridge, as you will overfill delight.
Porch designs may be the most diverse and in many ways everything depends on designer idea At home:
Very comfortable options for the porch, which suggest a platform for recreation. As it is convenient, because the place of comfort will be located near the house, it means everything you need nearby. In fact, you can equip three in one - porch, gazebo and even a summer gallery for indoor flowers. Here you can drink coffee, looking at the stars, take air baths, read books, communicate and much more.
Among numerous ways to arrange a private house porch most popular remain wooden options. They are easy to perform, lungs, cheap and diverse in variations. It can be both box models and variations with lumen between the steps, as well as massive log structures. The wood porch is best combined with a house of wood, Samana and with siding finish.
If you have your own private house, then you can try your hand, and equip a homemade porchboard for it. In addition, there are many drawings on the Internet, and in this article we consider the drawing and sequence of work of one of the simplest structures of the porch.
So that the porch was beautiful and comfortable, you need correctly calculate dimensions Each element. The definition of these parameters is directly related to how functionality will be the structure.
The steps of the porch can not be attached directly to entrance door At home, since climatic reasons may occur the design shifts in height. So, the porch can be lower or above the lower door level, in the second case, the entrance to the house can be blocked. It is most convenient to be a spacious playground between the door and the staircase. She can be like purely practical partand performing decorative functions.
A man standing at the door must take a step back and not fall from the edge of the platform. The fact is that otherwise, how to step back, open the door is not possible. And to enter the door, there must be a comfortable space on the sides of it. Of course, the sizes of the porch are determined by building standards depending on the door parameter:
If the height of the steps is decent, it is best to overestimate the specified standards. Fire safety rules recommend to make a porch below the level of the front door of 5 cm.
The main parameter for external steps is safety. They differ from those that are equipped within the house. It should be understood that on the outer steps go to shoes, therefore, their disposal should be at least 30 cm, and the ideal height of steps from 15 to 20 cm.
If the steps of more than 3, then you need to install a railing with a height of 80-90 cm so that the entrance to the house is non-massive. Photo of the railings show how artificially there may be their execution.
The visor should be wider the porch at least than 30 cm on each side. Do not forget that you need to equip the porch with a lamp on a relay or switch. Entering the house in the evening, you will avoid difficulties with the opening of the door in the pitch darkness.
If we talk about wooden versions, the most suitable option is the porch made by the type of terrace. The simplified version can be performed independently. It suggests the following logical elements:
Although the wooden porch is one of the easiest, however, and it can not do without certain pile foundation. The cheapest and simple foundation from pine piles. The bars for the supports need to be impregnated with an antiseptic, and the lower part of them must be treated with hot bitumen (or throughout) and wrapped rubberoid.
Under the piles, you need to dig a holes of about 80 cm (or deeper), you can perform this operation using a bora. Then immerse the supports in them, observing the vertical using the level. The first 30 cm should be covered with rubble, then layer of soil, and then the final stage - concrete.
After the pile foundation froze, you can proceed to the next work. It is necessary to issue a tutor for the stairs, choose the most elementary option with cut-out ledges. To select boards you need first determine some parameters:
Having determined the size of the theater (Kooowar) according to the drawing, and selecting the necessary cutting board, we begin marking. Kosomers are needed for an additional support so that the boards for steps stood reliably. On the first board with the help of a construction triangle or homemade patterns from cardboard we apply a staircase profile. Apartment (horizontal) and the riser (vertical) are the triangle customers, which we apply to the board. Now you only need to remove unnecessary wood with an electrolovka or simple hacksaw. This board is further very convenient to use as a template for the remaining parts. By the way, all the details would be nice to pass by antiseptic solution.
The resulting instruments are attached to lags by the type "Schip-groove", for this, they feed the board with the grooves to the lags, and the spikes are cut out on the ends and cosomers. After attachment, the guards with Kosomers to lags need to establish their lower parts on a specially fortified foundation of 10-20 cm.
Now the frame is readyThe foundation platform hardened, it means that you can start setting up the approaches and coming, connecting all the same "spike-grooves", as well as the risers with the guide. You can fix parts and with the help of self-tapping screws, screws, but the "spike groove" gives our design necessary hardness.
If you get more than 3 steps, then you need to equip the railing.
How to perform a visor or covering over the porch to solve you - a tree or more modern colored polycarbonate. Wooden option It looks authentic, cozy and can be decorated skill thread on contour. In the photo you can explore all the options for such a decoration from the village to the ultra-modern. Large-scale covering should also be located on a support that can simultaneously become decor elements.
As you can see, no extraordinary skills and tools are not needed for the manufacture of a tree porch. The main thing is that you need to learn - all the wooden elements need to be handled by a hot bitumen and an antiseptic, otherwise the porch quickly loses your decorative qualities.
Photo gallery offers many beautiful and interesting options The design of the porch. To make a porch in your home, you must first come up with your option that you already have in dreams or selected from your favorite photo. In any case, do not doubt, the arrangement of the porch for the house is a very reasonable attachment, since it is presentable, functionally and practical.
Porch at home
The porch is part of the house undergoing continuous operation due to increased patency. Performed by harmonious combination With the material of the walls, it becomes a beautiful evidence of the well-being of the owner and his attentive attitude towards his dwelling.
First of all, it is necessary to determine the embodiments of the input group, below describe several ways of improvement.
The porch without a canopy is sometimes used for private houses. This type of entrance is a platform open from all sides. The railing is not mounted, since the height usually does not exceed several steps. The playground is under the action of atmospheric precipitation, since it does not make a roof or canopy over it.
Most often open platform Do if there is a veranda behind it. Such open types are arranged in southern areas with a dry climate, and in raw local areas with a large amount of precipitation, open options are not built.
The covered platform with the porch is the most efficient solution, it is economical and practical in use. You can not make a separate canopy in front of the entrance, if the site falls under the overall ending edge of the roof or the balcony is arranged above it. Some canopy options assume its expansion to the roofing of a car or a small cozy terrace.
This type implies a platform fence with walls made of wood. They can be solid and contain window openings in their design. The role of the roof takes a separate canopy or a higher balcony over the entrance. Such a closed area of \u200b\u200bweather, additionally expands useful Square at home.
Sometimes the platform inside the closed entrance is made spacious and arrange there an extra kitchen in the summer for cooking, in the winter they put the shelves for storing products. Can be combined closed type Entry with a spacious terrace for parties and reception of friends. If you do a solid and spacious indoor entrance, then it is most often necessary to arrange a foundation base.
The construction of a wood porch often does not require an additional foundation device, which contributes to the cost savings. In the manufacture of the design focuses on massive steps and original railings.
The tree is perfectly combined with walls made of artificial and natural stone, bricks, covered with siding or plastic. The racks of the canopy are made by massive, if the designer plan requires or decorate figures, light thread, put balusters of an unusual form. The tree is easy to paint into different colors, which makes it possible to develop designer thought.
The tree refers to pliable materials, easily subjected to processing to complex processing. Steps and other wooden structures treated with special impregnation from rotting and antiseptics from microbes will preserve a fairly long term, and will not only have a presentable look, but also to please the owners of the house with their greatness and magnificence.
The porch in the way of joining the house is divided:
The design device is carried out on a natural straight or bevelled area with a frame. A wooden or metal box that serves as the basis for installation and fastening of steps is made. it a budget option And it can be implemented on any of the construction stages or after the start of operation of the house.
On the instrument or a rower of the reinforced type, the porch is built, in which the metal box base is provided only at the bottom, and the top relies on the base of the house or the slab of the overlap. This method opens up opportunities for more options. design solutionsSince it has a greater carrying capacity than the previous budget option.
Learn better on foreign mistakes, so it was possible to allocate several common deviations faced by newcomers:
Planning construction, first should be determined by the breed of wood that is most suitable for the structure. For street buildings, coniferous wood, pine or larch are chosen. You can make items from a whole log, which looks very colorful for big estates and mansions. Kosomers can be made from logs, laid on each other, and the steps are provided from the cut along the barrel.
For the device will need to prepare the material of such species:
If you begin construction without a project or schema, then the emerging difficulties will put the wizard before need to change in the process of the device. The presence of all schemes and sizes in a visual form on paper will make changes easier and easier. The project must contain:
There are patterns defined by the rules and rules used to quickly submit a consequence:
Lightweight design can be installed without a foundation, but its base will help to avoid the dependence of the structure from seasonal shifts and soil swelling. To do this, you can choose a column foundation.
A solid foundation for the type of plate is located under the porch and the platform and is performed in the form of a base for massive large inputs combined with terraces and verandas. Ribbon foundation It is most economical, as it has a sufficient strength of strength with reduced material costs.
The depth of the foundation is better to take at home level. These two foundations are recommended to be bonded with each other using mortgage parts from fittings or strip metal.
When building, you should follow the instructions to comply with a number of mandatory rules:
Installation of steps are made from below and gradually move up. They are attached to the beam with self-draws or wooden pins. And those and others are desirable to lubricate with a wood glue before applying. Hats of selflessness need to drown well into the tree in order to avoid the injuries of the foot.
The entrance group of a private village house, which includes a part of the facade, the door and porch is the owner's business card, and everyone tries to make it as attractive as possible. But here not only aesthetics, but also comfort, the entrance is simply obliged to be comfortable and practical. Of what materials it was not built the building, as a rule, to the house from the tree.
But the porch porch is dispersed, it can be a small playground with a pair of steps, and maybe a big one, beautiful porch From logs, with a canopy and carved railing. In the article we will tell about what kinds of wooden porks are: ,. As well as let's stop in detail on a wooden porch with your own hands.
In fact, any wooden porch, the photo to the article clearly demonstrates it - this is a platform arranged on fire safety by 50 mm below the door of the entrance door, and. In turn, the wooden staircase can have a frontal location, turning construction, side one-sided input, or a double-sided side location. Over the playground, as a rule, to protect the entrance from atmospheric precipitation.
Closed porch of a wooden house, a photo of a built-in design, which was laid at the design stage of the main house
The staircase itself consists of a cosome or the guards - these are lateral parts on which steps hold. For the purposes of the same safe operation Wooden on balasins height from 700 to 1200 mm.
Porch for the cottage from a tree to two sides, base - metal frame
Depending on the level of the first floor, wooden, it is important to comply with the proportions for the stairs. So the most convenient appearance (the depth of the stage) is 270-320 mm, and the risers (lifting) - 140-180 mm, the stairs of 20-25 mm. The minimum width of the staircase is 600 mm, optimal - 800-900 mm, if a wooden porch is wider, then it is necessary to make additional supports in the middle.
The top platform can have any area, its overall dimensions depend exclusively from both your needs. But it is important to remember that only in the northern snowy latitudes the door to the house opens inside, in the rest of the regions it opens out. The average width of the entrance door is 900 mm, and, consequently, the depth of the site for wooden stairs There must be no less, the site is made of one and a half times wider doors. As we have noted, the minimum width of the staircase is 600 mm. Thus, it becomes obvious that the minimum size of the top area is 900 * 600 mm, the maximum is not limited to anything, it can even be a full-fledged terrace for recreation.
Porch of a wooden house with their own hands, a design scheme on cosos
Porch of a private house or country cottage It is a kind of "face" facility. Attracting attention and serving reliable support The design of the porch allows not only to get inside the house, but also to spend your free time, comfortably sitting on the air.
In essence, the porch is a kind of extension with steps to the building, with which you can enter the room or get out of it. It is important enough to give the finished, neat species to a private or country house, and also protects the structure from snow and rain. Most often, the design parameters are thought out yet at the project stage, but one of its features is the possibility of an extension after the construction of the building itself.
Traditionally, the material that is used to build the dwelling itself is also used for the construction of the porch or veranda. Therefore, a wooden house should be built a porch of wood, and the brick is from a brick. However, most often even to brick house Adjust the wooden veranda with steps, since this material is cheaper and easier to work.
Before proceeding with the construction, it is necessary not only to choose the design you like and produce all the calculations, but also familiarize yourself with the main construction regulations.
Depending on the type of design, the porch can be:
The closed design has a greater protection against wind and precipitation. In summer, it can be hidden from the scorching sun under it, and in winter, even the largest snowfall does not notice the entrance door and does not block it. However, such a design is not easy in installation and quite expensive. The playground of the porch is completely overlapped by a canopy, a visor can be above the staircase, the sides are closed with fences to the height of the railil or completely. This design is perfect for any home with the right selection of design and materials.
An open small porch is much cheaper and erected easier.It has only railing and a small canopy, which sometimes does not even cover the entire platform. In the simplest case, the canopy and railing at the porch may also be absent, but if the extension is high enough, the absence of a fence is a certain danger. Most often, such simple appropriate designs are erected around country housesthat B. winter Just not used. A small foundation of such a porch is assigned to outdoor wallAnd the extension itself consists of only a pair of steps and a small place at the door and protect against rain and snow is not able.
The design of the Tambura is a small closed buffer zone, which reduces the temperature difference indoors and on the street. Tambour also reduces heat loss in winter and enhances coolness inside the house in the summer season.
The porch with a staircase descending into two sides is erected in the case when the construction of a conventional staircase is impossible due to the presence of surplus structures. The layout layout allows you to descend into the other side, which is necessary, and to rise from any side without bypassing around the porch. Before it is raised, it is better to consider other options, as the design is quite complex and expensive.
The terrace is often mistakenly called the "veranda".Their main difference is that the veranda is located under one roof with the main structure and stands with it on one foundation, and the terrace is completed close to the house. Most often, the roof terrace is an open design with a large canopy or without it. On the terrace you can arrange street furniture or beautiful vases with flowers.
The porch-gazebo looks like an open veranda and is built, as a rule, from a tree. Instead of the roof, you can put a mesh framework over such a gazebo, which in the summer woven wild grapes or rosehip.
The first thing that is worth paying attention to the design of the porch design is its size.
The shape of the porch may depend on the configuration of the street staircase and be:
There are no strict instructions in choosing a shape of the porch, it is selected in accordance with the design of the site and at home. Rectangular and square structures give a certain rigor and weight. Round, on the contrary, soften general form Constructions. The design should not necessarily be the perfect circle, just outset a small circle and remove sharp corners.
The original solution will be an angular porch, which can be absolutely any form. You can construct a trapezoidal platform, triangular and even completely asymmetric complex design. The main thing is that the porch is harmoniously complemented designer ideaand did not introduce dissonance.
For the construction of a large monolithic structure, natural and artificial stone is well suited. Durable and wear-resistant granite, but its price is in the market building materials It is high enough and use it during the construction of elite real estate. For more economical options, sandstone is used, which is easy to process independently, and which perfectly fit into any design.
The finished stone porch can be bred using clinker tiles or porcelain stoneware.
For sale exist special kitsIn which three types of tiles include:
With all the grace and beauty of stone structures, wood remains the most popular material for the construction of stairs and sites. It is best to choose wood solid rocks, such as oak or alder. A more economical option is the boards from Linden and larch. Before mounting, the tree must be treated with a special solution with an antiseptic that protects wood fibers from rotation processes. So that the wooden steps are not slippery, small furrows can be cut down on the edges.
You can also build a construct of brick or metal profile, put a wrought ladder.
Optimal option The foundation for the wooden pad of the porch are piles. Such a design is economical and easy to build it on the site with your own hands over a short time. In addition, a column foundation allows you to make a porch high enough and install it on an uneven surface.
Tape and slab foundations should be done in the event that the construction of a large veranda or patio is planned. The slab foundation is tied to the foundation of the house, which allows you to install the porch even on the movable soil.
Since the most popular option is the construction of a wood porch, it will be advisable to consider all the stages of manufacturing in its example.
From the tools, you may need various fasteners (self-tapping screws, nails), shovel, saw. For measurements it is the most convenient to use the construction tape measure and the level, fix the details of the screwdriver or hammer.
Unlike tape or plate foundation The pile does not require large monetary and temporary investments. The bars must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and give them to dry. Then placing the installation sites of the support and dig up in the places of the pocket of 70-80 cm deep. At the bottom of these pits it is necessary to lay sand with gravel to increase the stability of the foundation pillars.
Piles are lowered into the pit and aligned in terms of the level, only after that you can pour them with a concrete solution. After complete drying of the supports, which are adjacent to the wall of the house, can be screwed to it with self-tapping screws. This will add the strength of the resulting structure.
Ready wooden porch can be processed different waysto save or improve it appearance. With the help of wax, you can protect the fibers of the tree from moisture and mud, which negatively affects its strength. A carved wooden porch can be covered with varnish, which will not only protect the material, but also make numerous faces and feeding to wake in the rays of the sun, revealing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe wizard. However, the most simple way Finishes wooden structuresLocated on the street is painting.
The porch does not only decorative functions. In winter, it protects the entrance door from snow drifts, and in summer - from rain or heat. You can make it from metal, stone, brick, concrete, but the best option For a wooden house there will be a wing porch. Build Porch K. wooden house You can, if you approach this case prepared, and for this we recommend that you get acquainted with our article.
Necessarily normalized width and height of stepsAt the same time, the average width of the man's step is taken as the basis. The most optimal height is 16-19 cm with a width of 25-33 cm. Since a person begins to rise along the stairs and finishes it from one foot, the number of steps must be odd.
Standard dimensions of steps
In the winter period, the stage is often covered with ice, so the porch should be equipped with handrails. If there are more than 3 steps, their manufacture is required. Standard height Peril - 80-90 cm.
Important! The top pad of the porch should be below the door threshold by 5-10 cm. Otherwise, during seasonal soil fluctuations, it can be lifted and block the door.
For mounting piles in the pit prepared for them, a small layer of sand is falling asleep, and then gravel. Such a pillow will be removed moisture from supports and protect them from premature rotting.
Foundation for the porch on wooden piles
After installing the supports and their leveling, the space between them and the ground is poured with concrete solution. Extreme supports Mixed to the wall of the house with large nails or self-drawing. Further work It should be carried out only after the complete pouring of the concrete.
Important! In the event that the porch is selected concrete foundation, between him and the foundation of the house should be foreseen expansion joint. Otherwise, during the seasonal movement of the soil due to the difference in the load on the support of the foundation in the place of its connection with the structure can crack. In order to avoid moisture from entering, such a deformation seams can be filled with any flexible material (rubber gasket, minorvat, etc.), and then close the ostel.
Between the base of the house and the porch should provide a deformation seam
The tents of the stairs
But most often the stairs are made, the tents of which have cut figswhich lay down the steps. Such a variety of the taisle is called kosource.
Stairs with one Kosourg are rare. Most often, the steps are attached on two or (if the width of the span is large enough and ranges from 1.2-1.5 m) on three supports.
Manufacture of a Kowra
Staircase
All cosos are divided into two main types:
Normal speed; have cutouts triangular shapeplaced at an equal distance from each other; significant disadvantage of this method is thinning wooden beam after it is cut;
FROM "Mobiles": small bars (wrenches) to support the steps that are inserted into the slots of the cosos; quite complicated, but a stronger design.
Kosur with maobyls
Kosur is the most complex design element, so its size and width of cuts should be measured with special care. To facilitate the process, you can use a stencil made from a piece of plywood or thick smooth cardboard.
Horizontal cutouts for steps in the Koser must be equal shorty (Start width). The size of the vertical section is equal treaty (stage height).
Important! When measuring the sizes of the Kourow or Teteis, it should be noted that the appearance of the first step should become a continuation of the site.
So that the support beams do not be bombed under the weight of the people passing along the stairs, the boards, from which the aunt or boosters will be made, should be thick enough - from 60 mm with width From 30 cm. They are performed from high-quality solid wood (spruce, pines, maple, oak or beech), not having cracks and bitch.
More durable and reliable are boosters made of metal profile. For this you can use steel corners.
Kosomers from Schawler
1. After the concrete solution is frozen in the support pillars holes are cut down For laying the upper part of the Kosomrov or Teteis (they are attached without nails). The lower part of the tent must lie on supported overlaysresting in pyataks.
Fastening of the top of the Kourow
Woven for attachment of the Niza Kourow
2. On support piles are put lagi and fastened with self-tapping screws. For their manufacture, 5-centimeter durable boards are used. On lags are laid out floating boards 2.5 cm thick.
3. To ensure ventilation between them, be sure to leave a small 20mm gap. The same clearance is left between the steps and coming. You do not need to do too long between the boards - because during the operation of the wood will dry, and the size of the slots will increase.
4. Stop steps begin with the bottom. If you wish, you can do without concerns, putting some sticky.
Orders for a street porch can not be done
5. Muffy sticking and risers on self-tapping screws with wide hats. Their slightly (for a couple of millimeters) is interinted in the boards. Metal brackets can also be used for attachment. The ideal option There will be the use of boards with the Schip-Paz system.
Fastening of steps and risers
