Construction of a roof frame with four slots - a difficult process with characteristic technological features. When erected, their own structural components are used, a sequence of work production is distinguished. But the result will affect the spectacular form and resistance when refilling atmospheric attacks. AND house master Can be proud of personal achievements on the field of the roofer.
However, before deciding to the device of such a design, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the algorithm, according to which the rafter system of the four-tie roof and the specifics of its device is constructed.
The class of four-tight roofs combines two types of structures resembling a square and rectangular envelope. The first variety is called the tent, the second - Walmova. Against the background of scanty analogues, they highlight them the absence of frontones, referred to in the roofing case with forceps. In the construction of both options four-page structures Used ulissions I. hanging rafalThe installation of which is made in accordance with the standard technologies of the facilities of the pitched rafting systems.
Characteristic differences within the four-page class:
Based on the configuration of the roofs in the plan, it is clear that the tent structures are taken to hoister over square buildings, and the holm over rectangular houses. The coating is suitable as soft and. A characteristic square or rectangular form repeat the drawings of the rafter system of the four-tie roof with a clearly designated arrangement of elements in terms and vertical projections of the skates.
Often, the hip and tent systems are associated with the construction of a single object or effectively complement the duplex, single, broken and other roofs.
Repeat designs with four slots can directly on the upper crown wooden house Or to Maurylalat, serving the upper strapping of brick or concrete walls. If you can find the upper and lower supports under each ralfiline, the roofing frame is constructed on the sleeve technology.
Installation of removal rafting legs is easier and more affordable for inexperienced home roofer, which needs to be taken into account.
Mounting Muerolat and closely related method of installing rafting legs according to the rules are solved at the design stage of the house. If the structure does not have internal carrier wall Or not the ability to build reliable supports under the central part of the roof, in addition to the hanging scheme of the assembly of the rafter system, nothing will suit anything. True, in most cases, the utilization method of the structure is applied, to implement which it is necessary to provide a carrying support in advance.
Specific structural elements are used in the device of rafter systems for tent and holmic four-tight roofs, this is:
Diagonal rafylics and narigines are also used to build funds, then the concave roof corners are suitable, and not convex as holm.
The whole complexity of the structure of frames for the roofs with four slopes is to install diagonal rafalines, which determine the result of the formation of the structure. In addition, the shorts are required to keep the load in one and a half times greater than ordinary rafting legs of the pitched roofs. Because they are part-time working as a skate, i.e. Support for the top heel of nurses.
If you briefly describe the procedure for the construction of a changeable frame for a four-page roof, then you can put in several stages:
In the case of a hanging scheme of the frame of the construction start tent carcass There will be an installation of a triangular rafting farm in the center. The beginning of the installation of a four-tie hipper system will be the setting of a number of rafting farms.
We will analyze one of the common examples of the device of a holmic roof with urban rapid legs. It will be relying on the beams of overlaps, laid on top of Mauerlat. The rigid fastening of the word will be used only for fixing the top of the rafter legs at the skate run, so that there is no need for Mauerlas in strengthening. Dimensions of the box provided in an example of a house of 8.4 × 10.8m. The real sizes of the roof in the plan will increase with each of the sides by the magnitude of the cornese swell, by 40-50cm.
Maurylalat is an element is purely individual, the method of its installation depends on the material of the walls and architectural features of the construction. The method of laying Mauerlat is planned according to the rules during the design period, because for reliable fixation, Mauerlat is recommended:
Mauelalat from a bar of 150 × 150 or 100 × 150mm is made. If the operation is assumed to operate the piercing space, it is desirable to take the bars. In a single frame, the timber is connected by oblique wrist. Then, the compound areas are enhanced by self-draws, ordinary nails or chophary, and the corners are strengthened with brackets.
On top of the Mauerlat, built optimal in the horizon for a particular building, laying overlapping beams. Used timing segment 100 × 200mm. The first thing is stacked by the beam, passing precisely along the central axis of the construction. In the example of the length of the bar for the construction of solid beams, there is not enough, so they are going out of two bars. The plot of dusts should be located above a reliable support. In the example, the inner bearing wall is used.
Step between the beams of overlapping 60cm. If the core box does not differ in perfect parameters, as it happens in most situations, the distance between the beams can be changed a bit. Such an adjustment allows you to slightly "to rod" construction of construction. Between the extreme beams on both sides and the walls of the house, the lumen of the 90cm wide, which is necessary to set the removal.
Because Overlapping beams will be able to form only two farmery Swim, their ends join short semi-bits of overlapping - take-off. They establish them first only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe main part of the holm roof, exactly where the rafter legs will have to be mounted. To Mauerlata, the removal is nailed with nails, they are attached to the beam with screws, large-caliber nails, copulings, enhance fasteners.
The central part of the holm roof is an ordinary batch design. The rafter system for it is arranged according to the rules that dictate. In the example, there are some deviations from the classic interpretation of the scoop principle: the pregnant is not used, which is installed by the traditions for the skate run. Lenzny work will have to perform a central overlap beam.
In order to build the skate part of the rafter system of the hip roof:
If the beams of the overlap were stacked across the box, the rafters of the main part of the roof would relieve the overlap beams, which is much reliable. However, in the example, they rely on the removal, because they need additional mini-supports to be arranged. These supports should be positioned so that the load from them and the stringly located above is transmitted to the walls.
Then mounted three rows of deposits from each of the four sides. For the convenience of the implementation of further actions, the roof circuit is drawn up by a cornice board. To nourish overlapping and ending it, it needs to be strictly horizontally.
In a limited cornice board, the space remained corner areas, unfilled by the details of the rafter system. Here will require angular deposits, for mounting which is carried out as follows:
The remaining three angular deposits are similar and mounted.
The diagonal, they are the same, the rafter legs are made of two cross-shrinkable boards with a cross section of equal size of ordinary rafaline. In the example, one of the boards will be held by the stop above the second due to the difference in the corners of the valves and trapezoid rods.
Sequence of work on the manufacture and installation of nosov:
Following the described algorithm, you need to install three more diagonal legs. Under each of them should be installed in the place of attachment of angular deposits to beams. If the span is more than 7.5 m, another support is installed closer to the skate in diagonal.
Lace between the top of the skate and the center of the skate is already stretched. She served asses to outlining the marbles, and now it needs to measure the angle γ and calculate the angle Δ \u003d 90º - γ. Not retreating from the proven path, we harm the templates for the upper and lower support. The upper trim apply to the place intended for him and mark the lines of the marbles for the dense entry between the diagonal rafylic. According to the billets, we make a central foot of the Walm and fix it, where it is relying.
In the space between the angular deposits and the cornice board, we establish short removal to impart the stiffness of the design and to ensure strong fixation of the extreme, shortest nurses. Next, it should be done by the manufacture of templates for the nashelnikov:
In accordance with the actual length and "testimony" of templates, these are manufactured by narcents necessary to form the planes with hollow and unfilled by ordinary rapid feet parts of the main rods. They establish them so that the upper nodes of fastening of narins to the diagonal rafalines were located in the dispersion, i.e. The upper connecting nodes of adjacent skates should not be converged in one place. Noncentas are attached to the covered rafter legs with corners, to the beams of overlapping and removal, as reasonable and more convenient: corners or metal gear plates.
Based on the technology of the tent roof device, already familiar hip principles are laid. True, the skunk part of the rafter system in their design is not. A construction starts with the installation of a central support, to which the covered rafylics are joined, and narrows are already narrowed. If the envelope is used in the roof of the roof, then the finished rafter farm is installed.
We invite you to use our free online calculator For the calculations of the building materials when device of a hip roof - and follow the instructions.
Briefly with the sequence and rules for mounting the rapid system of the four-tie roof of the tent and holm categories will introduce the video:
After reviewing the specifics of the device and having learned the details of the installation of the roofs with four slots, we can safely begin to implement plans for its construction.
A four-tight rafting roof is considered a rather complicated structure. The construction of such a design is recommended to entrust experienced professionals that will help correctly calculate the angle of inclination of beams and choose the optimal weight of roofing materials.
This design has both advantages and disadvantages. Before choosing such a roof for your home, it is recommended to thoroughly think about the positive and negative sides of the four-grade roof.
The main advantage of such a structure is aesthetic form of residential building. Due to this, the house acquires smooth and streamlined forms.
Several types of similar designs are distinguished. Standard construction is an equifiable triangles that are connected in the center point.
Beginner builders are often confused by a four-sheet roof with ordinary tent roof. It consists of triangles, which are in the background from above the correct square.
If the plan shows a rectangle, then we are dealing with a hip structure. It received this name as a result of using special skates, which have an appearance of a forcepets - Valm.
The four-sheet roof is divided into the following types:
The Dutch roof is distinguished by its resistance to climatic cataclysms. Here are two trapezoidal skate. The upper parts have long correct triangles, and the side are presented in the form of shortened corners.
In this case, a rafter system is used in which four inclined beams are used with the required angle of the skate. The calculation of the four-page roof occurs on the basis of the area of \u200b\u200bconstruction.
Due to this, it is possible to correctly arrange inclined beams and the distance between them.
The half-haul Dutch roof can be made both double and four-tie rafting roofing. For the construction of such a design, it is recommended to carefully select building materials.
Bearing supports must be made of wood of dense tree species. This variety is distinguished by its durability and endurance towards natural cataclysms.
What advantages and disadvantages have a four-tie roof? Experienced specialists allocate the following positive qualities of such a structure. These include:
The following reasons include disadvantages:
How to make a four-tight roof with your own hands? We bring to your attention detailed instructionswhich will help the correctly erect this design.
It includes:
Calculation of a four-page roof. This manipulation allows you to correctly calculate the number building material, Distances between carriers of lags and the angle of inclination of the roofing coating. The roof area will be slightly larger than the width of the ceiling span.
Four-sheet roof drawings. Here are detailed calculations and additional elements for fastening the carriers of the lag.
Erect ceiling overlap. To do this, use dense wood, which is fixed at a distance of 50 cm from each other. Next, lay a layer of waterproofing, which will prevent the appearance of mold and excessive humidity in the room.
On the concrete Walls Install metal reinforcement. It will continue to mount the beams.
Now proceed to the construction of beam spans. They are fixed with metal corners and mortgage anchors. When installing, it is important to follow the angle of inclination. For classic dutch roof 45-50 degrees must be observed.
Next, proceed to the manufacture of an attic space. It will be located in the center roofing design. For this make rectangles from a dense timber. For the roof of 50 m2, 4-5 elements will be needed;
The frame from the beam will be based on the upper boundaries of rectangular structures. Beams must form an angle in 45 o at the top point. All elements are fixed with anchors with plastic nozzles.
When the frame is completed, go to the roofing flooring. Here you can use a metal profile, or soft tile. The photo of the four-tie roof shows a workflow.
The problem of choosing the most successful roof frame device is always accompanied by two contradictory desires. It doesn't matter what kind of building is planned for construction, any developer would prefer to get the most pretty, durable and durable design, with relatively low costs for its construction. The most fully qualified requirements are answered by the four-tie roof of the rafting system, which is one of the optimal design solutions for the housing stock.
Even a surface glance at a four-tight roof system suggests that such a truly frame system of two pairs of symmetric slopes will look much more elegant and prettier than simplified dual-tissue design.
It is clear that most of the future customers prefer to build a rafter system for the house not only because of the more interesting design, although the factor of the appearance of the construction is also important. First of all, this design solution is chosen due to tangible advantages. four-page system:
Important! The roof in four slopes cannot be built "on the eyes" and the fit method, therefore, before making rafters on the roof, the sizes of the rafting beams of the four-page system are necessarily calculated on the tables and check the lengths and corners of the docking before performing the guilt and assembly.
The four-tie truck system is a balanced design, in which the loads entering the roof frame from roofing cake, snow and wind are mutually compensated as in the card house. If you try to assemble a frame without careful design training, instead of maximum strength and stability, you can get an emergency object.
The disadvantages of the four-page rafter system is also enough. Most often, the problems arise due to the need to take additional measures to protect the joints on the cutting line. In addition, it will take 30% more roofing material, insulation and expensive long bar.
In addition to the classic option, in which two triangular and two trapezoid planes are used, the roof of four slopes can be built on one of the skeletal types:
All modifications of the four-tie or hip circuit are calculated on specific climatic conditions of the roof. For example, Danish roofs are well opposed to the wind and a large number of snow, while "Dutch" is designed to resist heavy rains and snowfall in urban development. Tent schemes with small slope angles are used for buildings on open windy terrain. The classic option can be used for any conditions, but in this case it will take carefully to take the position of the building relative to the wind roses.
The easiest way to understand the device of the rapid system of a four-page roof according to drawings. In a conventional two-tie design, the weight of the rafter beams was partially transmitted to the ski run and on the brusade strapping of walls or Maurylalat.
Balanced the two roof slide relatively simple, the usual fit of the rafter and the installation of the troops.
In the four-page rafter system, everything is much more complicated, therefore, in addition to ordinary rafters, in the roof frame, you have to use a much larger amount of power elements:
In addition to the rafter elements, when building a four-tie roof, Sprengel, soils and struts are used. With their help, the load and redistribution of the load in power elements Roofs.
For your information! It turns out a rather complicated multi-element design, in order to take into account all the requirements for the strength and stability of the rafter system, it is best to use a ready-made software package, even the easiest.
Of course, you can build a truly system and without any design and calculation. For example, a timber and an increased cross section board can be used, and instead of the recommended strength coefficient of 1.4 units to get two or three-time reserves on the bearing capacity. But it is worth understanding that in this case the weight of the rafter system and the cost of the fourth-tip roof will increase in 3 and 8 times, respectively.
For the simplest buildings, such as gazebos, a barn or a small garden house, you can use a simplified option for calculating the lengths of the rafting beams. To do this, you will need to draw up the drawings of the rapid fourth roof system. To simplify the calculation, choose a classic option with two side triangular hips and trapezoidal main skates.
The basis for the calculation stropile design The roof is a system of rectangular triangles. Each raftered is a rectangular hypothen. The smaller cathe is equal to the height of the skate racks, and the larger coincides with the projection raftered to the plane of the ceiling overlap, which is also called the embedding. The line of projections intersects with axial or projection of the skate beam at an angle of 45 o, which greatly simplifies the calculation.
Initially, it will be necessary to choose the angle of inclination of the slopes, usually it is 20-35 o, depending on the design of the four-sheet roof and the type of roofing coating. For calculations, you can use the Pythagora theorem for a rectangular triangle or standard tables with ready-made sling length recalculation coefficients for specified angles. In such tables, the angle value is indicated in the form of a decimal fraction, for example, 3:12. This means that at a given angle and the length of the attachment of 12 m, the height of the rack will be 3 m. Here is the coefficient of recalculation for the diagonal rafter, it is sufficient to multiply the length of the attachment by the value of the corresponding timetable amendment.
At the first stage, we define the coordinates of the installation of vertical racks of the skate and its length. To do this, measure the distance from the angle to the point of intersection of the axial line and Mauerlala, then we put the resulting segment from the angle along the axis of the skate and carry the line parallel to the wall. The axis intersection point and the line will give the place of installation of one of the skate racks. A similar procedure will be required to be performed again on the opposite wall, as a result we obtain the point of installation of the second rack and the length of the skunk beam.
At the second stage, using a construction plumb, you will need to measure the line of the diagonal rafter, knowing the angle of the slope, you can calculate the length of the hosted rafting beam. Similarly, the length of the ordinary and central rafters is calculated.
A little more complicated is the calculation of these aurities. First, the diagonal rafal beam is placed a step of installing nariors, as a rule, it is 70-90 cm. Each narigin can be viewed as a triangle catat. Knowing the size of the category and the height of the point of the adjoining of a narrower to the diagonal beam, you can easily calculate the size of the nunroot rafter.
If shprengel is used in the design of the four-page roof, the magnitude of the diagonals is used, then their value can be calculated even easier. Most often, they are installed at a distance from an angle of 1/3 on the downstream length.
The process of assembling a rapid system of a four-page roof always begins with the installation of the central frame element - the skate run and vertical racks. The skating bench can be collected from a bar, a cross section of 70x100 mm, but most often the racks are made from a 25 mm paired board. To increase the rigidity of the entire skunk beam system and racks, metal plates are stuffed on the angular joints, and the frame itself is enhanced by the inner strut.
Typically, the assembly of the rafter beams is performed on nails, and the expansion places with steel linings are fixed with bolted compounds. Before putting the rafter beams, a digging pattern is usually made in the form of a rectangular triangle from plywood sheet. The sharp angle must correspond to the corner of the slope. With the help of the template, the railway platforms for supports on Mauerlat and Konk are cut on the rafters.
The installation process of the rafter begins with the installation of central rafting beams, which will provide the necessary rigidity of the skate frame in the axial direction. Sometimes they do without them, in this case immediately go to the installation of extreme pairs of ordinary rafters, but the timber is only grabbed by nails, without final fixation to the skate.
After amplifying the ski frame, the angular diagonal rafters are installed. Typically, the length of the timber or beam is cut out with a reserve, since the upper edge will need to be styled at a double angle, first at an angle of tilt the slope, after the oblique edge is mounted at an angle of 45 o. At the last stage, they put Shpregel, the pitchpiece, nickels and ordinary rafters.
The most difficult stage of assembling a rapid system of a four-tie roof is the docking of two diagonal beams with a skate. From how far exactly the insertion of the diagonals is performed, the strength and stability of the entire four-sheet roof depends, so most time has to spend on fitting and trimming sizes of rafters. The rest of the assembly operations is practically no different from the construction of a two-tie rafter system.
Final construction element The buildings should not only reliably protect against precipitation, maintain heat, but also emphasize architectural advantages. The form is classified by: angle of inclination (flat, pitched); availability of arches, domes; the number of external and internal ribs; The number of planes (skates). The harder the system, the most likely, it will have to hire a construction team. It is necessary to choose not the easiest option, but interesting from the point of view of design. Four-sheet roof is an ideal solution.
Types of execution:
Features of four-sheet roofs:
Nuances of a four-page roof:
The construction of the house begins with the design of the project. Independent drawing development is impossible without:
Factors affecting the choice:
The slope slope will be determined not only from aesthetic considerations. It is important to find golden middle Between the positive visual perception and preservation of reliability, design functionality. The magnitude of the angle is closely interconnected by almost all the above factors:
Types of rafter farms
1. Wissing - the design of the holm roof is performed with a support for:
The load distribution occurs due to the installation of additional racks under the ski bar. Lena shares pressure over the entire surface internal partition (columns).
2. Hanging - used for buildings with a maximum foundation size up to 6 ~ 7 meters. The rafters are based on the walls. Load distribution using racks, tightening, riglel, dyspnosis. For hip roofs, this kind is rarely used.
Instructions for calculating the rafter system
The fulfillment of the drawing of a four-sheet roof is impossible without making mathematical calculations.
1. The size of the run is determined on the basis of the dimensions of the house. Standard solution: The length is minus the width. The middle of the skate bar is located clearly over the intersection of the base diagonals. Rock line parallel to frontal walls.
2. Skate height: H \u003d B x TGα. B is half the length of the end walls of the house, α - slope slope. The numeric value of Tangent is determined by the Bradys table.
3. The size of the central and intermediate rafters of the skate: LCTR. CATT \u003d √ (H² + B²).
4. The length of the central rafting feet of the hip: LCTR. Ralm \u003d √ (N² + B²). With a non-standard selection of the size of the skate, the value of B is defined as half the difference of the length of the house and run.
5. The size of the diagonal elements: LDGN. \u003d √ (LCTR. Ralm² + B²).
6. Calculate the lengths of these triangles is used - the property of such triangles is used. If the angles are equal, one of the parties is the proportion of lengths, the ratio of the remaining components of the figures will be observed: D \u003d 3/4 C, it means: Lar \u003d LCTR. Ralm x 3/4.
7. The distance between the rafyles depends on the choice:
The minimum step between farms is 60 cm, maximum - 2 meters.
8. The formation and calculation of the soles depend on the preferences of residents and the height of the house. The minimum size for a 1-storey structure is 500 mm. The task is to protect the walls from atmospheric precipitation.
Mauerlat - Bar or Upper Crown, a home strapping to which rafters are fixed. Provides uniformity of the distribution of the load on the outer walls. Section: 10x10 cm ~ 15 * 15 cm. Armopoyas - concrete reinforced construction on the upper perimeter of walls. His task is to strengthen the base under Mauerlat, to ensure a reliable coupling with the roof.
Maurelat installation options:
Features:
Installation Guide:
Installation of runs
The skiing timber is experiencing significant loads, installed on the rack. The correctness of the work depends:
Brief Installation Instructions:
There are two orders of work:
The first method is considered simpler. The second allows at the initial stage of work to monitor symmetry.
Mounting options to Mauerlat:
Registration of the skate assembly of the central, intermediate opposite rafters:
Diagonal foot mounting features:
Installation of narinses to diagonal rafters are carried out by docking and docking with its side surface, fixation with nails.
At the end of work, it is necessary to check the equality of the angles of inclination and the lengths of the opposite rafters, compliance with the plane of the rods and the valves.
Nuances and possible errors
1. By purchasing lumber, you need to make sure that:
2. Elements of the rafter system can be ordered in enterprises with a specialization in the construction and manufacturing of turnkey houses.
3. The wood before starting the installation works is treated with antiseptics and antipirens.
4. The length of the acquired rail sometimes does not correspond to the calculated size. Extension technology:
5. Nodes are additionally fixed with metal fasteners: angles, plates and others. Each of these elements has holes for hardware. It is advisable to apply products with oval slits that allow minor displacements of mating surfaces. In the process of shrinkage, the exposure to loads may occur a risk of a hard connection.
Four-page roof with her own hands: drawings and photos below.
How the four-tie roof is mounted
Drawing plan of the rafter system
The arrangement of different layers of a four-page roof requires a careful attitude towards each stage of work.
Each layer stacked its function, all layers in aggregate form a unified systemwhich ensures the protection of the facility.
Doom - wooden designconsisting of bars located across the rafter feet. The optimal cross section of the bars of the crate - 50x50 mm.
Before mounting, the crate board requires antiseptic processing.
The crate is mounted either with a solid layer or a step of 100-150 mm (depending on the external coating).
Bashed the crate of nails.
Installation of crates
Vapor insulation film is set in order to prevent moisture from entering the heat insulation layer. Parosolation film is attached to the brackets of the brackets of the bracket. The places of adhesion are stuck with scotch.
At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits tightly to the boards. In places of pipe equipment or windows, rubber or polyurethane adhesive tapes can be used.
CAUTION!
A vapor barrier material should not ride the clashes boards to prevent the formation of places for water accumulation.
Water pairs have a high penetrating ability, so installation of vaporizolation - a very responsible stage of work.
Installation of vaporizolation
After mounting the insulation laid waterproofing. Waterproofing does not miss the moisture accumulated in the underfloor space inside the roofing pie. As well as thermal insulation film, waterproofing laid mustache and joints are sick.
It is especially important to properly lay the film in the skunk part.. The skating region is most susceptible to cluster of condensate vapors.
The importance of each stage on the installation of the roof of a holm roof cannot be underestimated and even more so to refuse to install any element.
Installation of waterproofing
Walp roofs are considered the most durable and durable. They were installed more than a hundred years ago, and such structures have proven themselves as reliable and hardy.
Despite the complexity of the design, installation of it can be done independentlyThe main thing is to perform a step by step in a clear sequence every stage of work and choose high-quality, reliable material, because the roof should protect the house not one dozen years.
In this video you will learn how to build walm roof do it yourself:
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