Building frame houses In our country is becoming more and more popular. All new technologies are part of such buildings, and does not matter what technology the house is built - Finnish or Canadian. This article tells how to build a house of a frame type with your own hands, as well as each stage of building such a category building.
Frame house It is a structure based on the framework. In general, this is understandable from the name. By itself, the framework is the basis and peculiar "skeleton" of such a construction. The frame is installed on a pre-prepared foundation, after which it is trimmed with special panels. It is insulated and built roof. After completing all these steps at the output, a finished house is obtained.
It should be noted that the frame houses first appeared in the FRG, and then the wave of their popularity was overwhelmed by Canada and the United States. Just for this reason there is not one construction technology frame house - Canadian, Swedish German and so on. On the territory of the USSR, such houses began to be built back in the 50s of the twentieth century. And since that time, interest in buildings of this type has grown substantially and continues to grow in a large pace.
Like all buildings, frame houses have advantages and disadvantages.
If we talk about the benefits, it should be noted:
There is also no need to make a tie of the floor, because the floor is already initially ready for finishing. Saving time and money is also evident.
Noting all the benefits of these houses, it is impossible not to say about some of the shortcomings:
As you can make sure, the benefits of this type of houses are significantly more than the flaws, which means to make a choice in favor of exactly such a building is a fairly good solution.
All other options can be either with minor changes of such houses, or are the combination of various solutions. Now we will tell about each of the above options.
Frame-shield houses It is usually produced at the factory. For the project, the frame is first made, after which the panels, overlap between floors and even the roof. Each element gets the necessary markup and all the necessary holes. In essence, this is a kind of designer. When the set of the house is ready, it is simply delivered to the construction site, where its immediate installation is already beginning.
Such technology is very simple, but in order for the house to be as high quality and durable, all the rules and norms of its construction should be observed.
If we talk about frame-frame or Canadian houses, then you must immediately say about the so-called sip-panels. They are a structural insulating panel, which is a heatel in the frame of the sheets of OSP. This option is an enhanced version of panels for frame-shield houses. The structure of this type will be erected by the technology "platform".
Three layers of such a panel are connected to each other using a bar according to the "spike-groove" option using polyurethane foam-based adhesive. Polyurethane foam is also used in the production of sip panels, which is a rather highly efficient insulation. In order to increase strength, the above-mentioned layers are pressed.
It should be immediately said that high-quality sip-panels can be made only in factory conditions.
Another option of houses is made in German technology. In essence, this is one of the options for using the platform method. This technology implies laying in shields of thermal insulation and communications. The installation of windows, the assembly of overlapping and primary wall decoration is carried out. All this is done only in the factory conditions. A rather serious disadvantage is the need to use lifting mechanisms.
If we talk about the framework-framework construction method, then it has a significant difference from the panel: the carcass assembly of the house goes on the construction site in the form of a frame that are not trimmed. Only when the installation of the design is completed, its skin begins and insulation begins.
Such houses are the best solution for those who want to build a house on their own. The advantage of such houses is that the owner sees completely, from which the house is being done, how work is carried out and the assembly is carried out.
It should be noted that The frame of the house can be completed optional from the tree.Now popular metal frames made from light steel thin-walled structures and so on.
The use of this technology makes it possible to realize the most interesting architectural plans not only at the initial stage, but later, if you suddenly need to redevelop.
Another type of houses, which is erected in German technology is a feather-beam, or a front. This technology is quite many years, and it involves the construction of houses from sections. They are made from horizontal beams, vertical racks and windows. The Fekhora feature is that the framework with beams does not hide behind the trim, and just endured from the outside of the house. The framework of the frame is made from a thick bar, which has a cross section 100 or 200 per 200 millimeters.
The space between beams and racks is fill in certain materials. Previously used blocks of straw and clay. Now they use brick, OSP plates, global material and so on.
In our conditions, it is not worth doing this type of house, as the designs will need quite serious insulation. But this species has a rather original look.
And the last type on which attention should be stopped is frame-rack designs. Such houses with an uncut runoff are also called Finnish. They are something like home, which are made in Swedish technology. One-piece vertically spaced racks that pass through two floors are the main element of the frame. In order to ensure the high strength of the design, the racks must be installed strictly vertically.
The floors between the floors are installed on the supporting boards that were embedded in the beams. The continuous racks are tightened by the lags of overlaps, the design becomes tight. This type of construction is characterized by the fact that the vertical racks perform the role of piles. It is on them the main load. You can also enhance rigidity using horizontal beams.
The creation of a design begins with the development of a competent project. The drawing with the size of the house and in general the most complete construction scheme, where the structure is not only depicted, but also most of its elements are most drawn - this is the best waywhich should be. In the project, which, by the way, must fully comply with SNiP, should be the most reflected engineering, structural, architectural and construction and other features. For example, if it is supposed to make a cross-house with an attic, then it should already be in the project.
All this is done so that engineering ideas can most easily implement a person who is not too versed in the construction of houses.
And if necessary, you can see how one or another house on the website of the contract organization will find it finally, from which you expect to order a project. Also, an important point concerns regulatory documentation. The fact is that such technology does not forgive mistakes and therefore, to be confident that your project fully meets all standards and gta stations, it should be resolved independently on the SP 31-105-2002 called "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-family houses With wood frame.
If we talk about the rules of the construction of such houses, then the main thing can be called the principle that construction technologies strictly be observed. That is, the house has a proportion of 4x4 or 6x4, then it should be. Or if the size of some room should be 3x6 m, and in some room it should be used element 10x10, then you need to follow these sizes.
Any deviation risks violating the entire construction process and the result can be quite deplorable.
Construction must have the following steps:
Only in such a sequence can be built the frame houses, otherwise you risk creating a building, the effectiveness of which will be significantly lower than the planned indicators.
Before you begin to build, you need to choose the material from which you will build a house, and also to calculate how much you need it to not be overpaying, but at the same time it was enough to implement all the conceived ideas.
First of all, you should think about the flow rate of lumber. But it depends on everything from what you will make a frame house: from a tree, from a bar or, maybe the boards. For example, for the construction of a shield house we will need:
Make the calculation of the cost of the rack and transverse timber is not so simple. Here you should take into account the size of the future structure, that is, its area, as well as the category of thermal insulation material, which will be used during construction.
Also, to talk about the consumption of other materials, it will be necessary to do:
By the way, the calculation of these systems must be done only when the owner of the house determined with the material of the roof and the box at home. It is from these two moments that you want to repel later.
Naturally, if a person is ready to spend funds for the formation of a reserve of the strength of the construction, then such a scrupulously calculation can no longer hold. But, as a rule, frame houses build just because they are cheap and accessible.
Creating a frame wooden house can be done using a conventional set of tools. This is another charm of frame technology for ordinary people. There is no need to use neither a special equipment, nor an expensive tool. But at the same time, if you cut the boards with a simple hacksaw, and nails clog the usual hammer, then you can build a house and years.
If you can use a pneumatic or electric tool, then the result and speed of construction will improve significantly.
So, for work at various stages you will need various tools. For example, during the preparation of the site and foundation work will need to have:
At the frame assembly stage we will need:
In addition, various auxiliary elements will be needed - ropes, electrofalities, as well as a small tool, including fasteners of different types and nails.
Significantly accelerates construction and will not be superfluous to the modern tool. For example, the preparation of the frame parts is more convenient to do with the electrical disk saw. It is even better if a special end saw that has a stationary base is applied to work. And the same disk electrical saw will be an excellent option for mounting the frame.
For quick and high-quality clogging of nails should be used by a pneumatic carrot cover with a compressor. This tool cannot be called cheap, but the productivity of labor will be significantly higher here.
In addition, in the process of assembling the frame, it will not be superfluous to use the electrical ruble, as well as the electrolovka. The planer is needed to correct the defects of sawn timber, as well as to fit the frame elements to each other. And the electrolybiz will not be superfluous to accurately mount the rafter system of the roof.
As already mentioned, frame houses are built exclusively on well-established technology, that is, in stages.
Creating a foundation is a rather complicated and very responsible process that sets the tone of the successful implementation of the project of the house. When creating a foundation, it is necessary to take into account the mass of factors, ranging from the geological picture on the site and ending with the height of the groundwater and so on.
As a rule, it is most often made by pile-screened foundations. They can be quickly built, they are reliable. In addition, such a basis does not require large material investments. In addition, such a platform will evenly transfer the load to all supports.
Drill wells for piles need a brown. As a formwork, you can use runneroid, rolled in the pipes of a certain diameter. Inside the piles, 3-4 bar of reinforcements are installed, which are interconnected in the form of a square or triangle. They must be chopped so that at least 70-80 centimeters of the rod are braised above the pile surface.
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After the piles were filled, the formwork should be installed in which the fittings will be laid. Longitudinal rods with curved fittings from piles. You should also leave holes in the tape for lining communications and ventilation. In the foundation tape, then the bar for the strapping will be attached. To install it, stiletto clip in the tape. They are put through each meter-two.
From each angle in both directions it is necessary to retreat on thirty centimeters. Here the hairpins are mandatory. In the rest of the places, this is already dependent on the size of the house, but it is impossible to mount them less often than two meters. It should be said that it was the hairpins that are the only link between the foundation and the frame of the house. Therefore, it is better not to greed. In general, the studs must be at least two in one wall.
When everything is ready, you need to pour concrete. After that, so that he does not cool, but it became stronger, it is better to cover it with polyethylene. In case the temperature after filling the foundation holds within about + 20 degrees, after four to five days it is possible to continue construction.
In this case, the concrete will already have 50 percent of its strength. And if the temperature is lower, the waiting time will be greater.
In order to make the floor, you first need to make waterproofing the foundation. To do this, use waterproof, bitumen mastic and rubberoid. First places liquid insulation, after which the turn of the rolled insulation, and the tops are attached from above - dry boards. Their edges should be aligned according to the foundation altitude. The first layer of boards is a second to hide the gaps that may form.
Strapping boards are attached to liters. They must be put on the edge, align, after which to attach with the help of nails to its basis. The lag is now being carried out - it will be all as well as when installing strapping. That is, they can be knocked off oblique nails.
Now you can start to warm the floor. There is a lot of ways to do it. One of them is the use of inexpensive polystyrene foam. Its thickness must be 15 centimeters. It stacked in two layers to overlap the seams and joints. You can also go through the perimeter with a sealant to ensure maximum surface insulation. After insulation, the draft floor from the boards, as well as the plywood layer remains.
If it is large and in the thickness there will be about 1.5 centimeters, then you can do without a repeated layer. And if not, then make another layer from the billboard boards with the first level needed.
The next most important stage is the construction of walls at home. At the same time there are two options: or assemble the wall frame on the floor, after which it is just to raise it, put it up and consolidate, or all to collect on the spot gradually. In the first case, work is usually carried out at the factories, but in the second - when the assembly goes with your own hands. For a start, the lower bouncing bar is nailed, after which the angular racks are exhibited, then the intermediate, the upper strapping. This technology is also called Balloon.
Each option has its pros and cons, but here everything will depend on how many people work on the object.
If we talk about angular racks, then they must be either 150x150 millimeters, or 100x100 mm. In rare cases, racks 50x100 are used. But here everything will depend on how little house is being built. If small, then the variant 100x100 mm will be more than enough. There will still be dependent on the load and the desired width of the insulation.
The step pitch is selected taking into account the load, but the distance between the racks is selected based on the width of the insulation. The lumen between them should be less than a pair of centimeters, rather than the width of the insulation. Then the garbage almost will not, like gaps with gaps.
That is, you must first set and consolidate the angular beams, after which they mount the upper strapping on them, and then with the selected step vertical racks. Fastening racks may be in several ways:
Word in the board of the lower strapping should be carried out no more than half of its depth. Corners are usually attached on both sides. Fastening on brazening - old technology, but its execution is quite difficult. It is best to use reinforced corners.
The beams to which doors and windows are attached must be double. In this case, the load is greater, and therefore the support is required more powerful.
Now about shakes and disclosures. If the outer ending should be from high strength, then to embed the drives better from the inside of the room, as they will be temporary. It is necessary to preserve geometry, until there is no external sheaving. If the casing will be set, then constant drives must be necessarily. It is best to use four small pieces for each: two below and two.
But most of all the question occurs during the construction of the corners. This is not surprising, because these are the main nodes of the compounds. If the timber is located in the corner, then there will be no problems, except that the angle will be cold. But you can make the frame of the house warm.
After assembling the frame, it is necessary to obey its plywood or OSP. This will not only be an excellent insulation, but also will act as excellent sound and noise insulation.
Overlapping beams should rely on the bar upper strapping. There are several fastening methods:
The size of the beams and the distance between them will depend on what will be on top. If this is the second residential floor or attic, then the cross-section needs to be taken more, and the step should be less than to avoid flexing the floor.
If only the roof and the attic will be non-residential, that is, in essence, we will have overlapping of the first floor, then it will be completely different calculations. And if the overlap of the second floor, that is, it is the inter-storey, then the calculations will be, as in the first case. IN one-story house Overlapping beams are simultaneously supporting for rafters. It is for this reason that they are released on thirty centimeters per perimeter of the wall.
If the second floor will be accurate, the overlap is trimmed with a black floor of the second floor, and the ceiling is needed from the bottom. That is, we get a kind of small "cake." In this case, it will be easier to work on creating the second floor of the house, since its assembly will not differ from the first.
The roof is already installed when all the walls are finally built and fully fixed. It remains to determine the bias you need and what the roof will be. The most common is bounce. In order to increase the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house, a number of buildings are equipped with a veranda. In this case, the project of the house can provide for several types of roof designs: above the veranda is a single one, and over the house is a double. And depending on the downhone, the roof can be:
The rafters are selected in such a way that the insulation can be installed between them.As a sample, two boards with a length of six meters are taken and combined them into the structure in the form of the letter L. Then they are raised to the roof, refrigerate to the strapping bar in such a way that the soles are 35-50 centimeters. Now the design is fixed by the rigel and is used as a layout for rafters, which are mounted after 70 centimeters from each other.
Their connection in the skate is carried out according to the method of "half paws". That is, first set rafters on the frontones, after which the thread stretches between them, in terms of which the installation of all intermediate rafters is carried out. After that, there is a solid or shredded doom. This is how the rafter system is done.
If we talk about the coating, the composition of the roof can be different. As an example, consist of metal tile or plates of professional flooring. The latter is very easy to install, has a relatively low weight and low cost. But it can have different layers - for example, you can install a plate of professional flooring and a layer of metal tile.
To protect the frame home from the impact of natural factors, a special windproof film is used. It refers to external materials for the facade. It is better to mount in warm weather. Works can be started only after completion of work on the laying of the main thermal insulation layer, as well as before the final decorative lining of the walls. The rule, the main thermal insulation layer is a special membrane.
In order to exclude the errors in the installation of such a film, you should pay attention to the structure of it from the outside: one smooth, and the second one is with a pile. The film is placed by the party where there is a pile, to thermal insulation.
Rolls of films should have on the surface of the manufacturer's branded logos, which is a hint, as such a film should be laid.
The layout of the windproof material can be performed vertically, as well as horizontally. It is better to use the vertical option. The horizontally located strip of the film simply will interfere with the gradual installation.
The installation of the film should be carried out from top to bottom, with the end of the roll, which is free, is applied to the top of the wall and rolls out to its base. Crop material with scissors. Alternatively, you can consider the stationery knife. The length of the piece of film that will be cut off from the roll must have small allowances so that you can run the material between the wall and the main insulation.
In no case cannot allow savings of the material. Such a film is fixed with plastic dowels with hats in the form of plates, which perfectly attach the film to the wall. For one square meter there will be enough five such dowels. By installing the next strip of windproof film, it should be made of her brass, so that there are no places to which the impact will go.
Ventilation in frame houses can be two types:
For the natural nature of fresh air through the doors and windows, and the output is through the ventilation channels in the technical premises. This is possible due to the difference in the air pressure outside the room and inside it.
But in a skeleton house natural ventilation It will be weak, since such a structure will be sealed.
You can make the same ventilation in such a house using the supply valve. Ventzor can be made with your own plastic pipes. You can also use asbestos-cement, which should be carefully embedded in the frame to get the ventilation gap. The valve mentioned allows for air intake.
Outside it is overlapped with a grid to avoid hitting third-party items inside. There are filters for primary air purification, as well as a noise absorber. Air flow can be adjusted using a damper. The inflow valve circuit is very simple and can be installed with your own hands. It is necessary to make a cross-cutting hole in the wall, insert a pipe with noise insulation, filter, secure the grid and make a damper.
It should be said that a natural way of ventilation is very ineffective and in this case, at least a hood or ventilated facade is needed, since it cannot simply resist the formation of the fungus such a system.
In order to ensure good craving, you can equip the system with a fan. There are also examples when moisture metering devices that can automatically turn on and off the fans are installed.
Warming a frame house with any material with the corresponding characteristics. Of course, there is no ideal material, but you can find the optimal solution.
The most popular insulation today is basalt wool. It is done in the form of mats and rolls, each of which has a different density indicator. It is better to put mats into the walls: their density is higher and they are better held due to the operating force. But for this, their sizes should be on two or three centimeters more than a distance that is between frame racks. The mats are fixed with a special fastener, but they still work with them better than with soft rolls.
Minvata has excellent heat insulation characteristics. But there is also a big drawback: it is afraid of moisture and it should be fencing not only from this, but also from the effects of steam. That is why, on the side of the room, it should be closed with a layer of a vapor insulation membrane so that the pairs do not penetrate inside.
If you take an outer side, the thermal insulation of mineral wool closes another membrane, but another type. The membrane in this case will not be bludging and will not pass water in a gaseous and liquid form, and the pair can go out of the insulation without problems. That is, the steam resistance will be one-sided. When the insulation is installed, only finishing works will remain.
According to the adopted construction standards, the window should be about 18 percent of the wall area. And for maximum lighting, it is best to stick to these sizes. If you live in the house year-round, it is best to install a plastic glass double glazing and a large glass area.
In order to protect the house from the temperature difference, various pests, humidity and impact of various microorganisms, it should be treated with an antiseptic agent. This can be done in three ways:
In order not to give wood to pop up, you need to use clamping systems.
The advantages of antiseptic processing are:
There are several finishing options. There may be simply applied plaster outside, and you can use paint. You can also make wall cladding siding or clapboard. If desired, it is possible to use a block house.
For example, plaster can be carried out in two ways:
But this method is more suitable as a temporary option.
When building houses, it is important to do everything correctly and not allow different kinds of inaccuracies. From the correctness of the calculations, the rational use of building materials, compliance with technological moments of insulation, as well as the trim will depend on the final result - whether you have a beautiful, comfortable and cozy house or you will get at all what you expected. Therefore, it is worth considering the main errors of frame construction to prevent them by committing, especially if you want to install yourself.
One of the most common mistakes is wrong selection Lumber for wooden house. As you know, the base of the skeleton house is made from wooden materials. And one of the main mistakes is their improper selection. In one case, construction is used not very well dried wood, that is, fresh sawn timber. And in the other uses a small cross section, which simply cannot withstand operational loads.
The first error is much more serious, because its assumption can really affect the quality and reliability of the structure of the house. After all, the fact is that the wooden elements are changing in size as dryly. Therefore, cracks, dusts and other problems may occur, which will then make the construction unsuitable for living.
The wood of a small section does not withstand the necessary loads and its use in the house is simply dangerous.
Another important point is the design of the frame design. Only the correct execution will ensure the stability of the house with wind loads. In this case the best solution There will be an integrated approach when the frame cover is made using slab materials, and the installation of voids in the lower and upper parts of the strapping is carried out.
Hoping to reduce the maintenance, you can quite seriously guess. Especially if you decide to use some budget insulation, the operational characteristics of which are left to desire the best. The best insulation today are:
Everything else to use extremely risky. And in general, it should not save on the insulation.
Also should most accurately comply with technology and construction construction. Usually we are talking about or "Balun", or about the "platform". They have clear scenarios of the implementation, from which it is impossible to retreat either a step, otherwise you just risk doing a house unsuitable for life.
Another common error is the wrong choice of fasteners. For example, if the framework boards are not on ordinary nails, but on black screws or perforated corners, then you can break the balance of fasteners. Moreover, it will be significantly more expensive and the design also will not receive the necessary strength.
Also, quite often, errors are allowed during the manufacture of insulation, namely during the choice of film protective coatings. The accumulation of moisture inside the frame walls is a big problem of such houses. And only a high-quality vapor and wind insulation film will help solve it.
Build a frame house with your own hands - the task is implemented, although it requires a serious concentration, understanding the technology of construction and a sequence of actions. In addition, you should not save on building materials At all stages of construction, because it can pour out in the future sideways. But if you follow the rules listed above, then build a frame country house even alone and without experience can be without much difficulty.
Overview of the frame house built with your own hands, see the next video.
Frames are usually called cheap houses, and relate to them with caution. In fact, economical, and elite housing is also erected in framework technology. Framework technologies in construction were used since time immemorial - these are half-timbered homes in Europe, and Mazanka in Ukraine. As the most quick-scale and economical frame houses used in the development of the American West, and as the most energy efficient - in the development of Siberia.
Principle frame technology It is that the framework, which is, anterorant-beam design, is erected from durable material - metal or wood, and the walls are filled with thermal efficient and inexpensive materials.
Previously, saman, clay, porous stone used in the walls, and today apply new materials that allow you to make the house even easier and warmer. At the same time, the main advantages of such a building remain unchanged: economy, heat efficiency, the speed of construction, the savings of the area due to the smaller wall thickness.
 | 1. OSB plate (OSP), base for outdoor decoration; 2. Controlling, forming ventilation gap; 3. Ventilation clearance; 4. Windproof in the form of a vapor-permeable membrane; 5. Fiberation insulation (basalt insulation); 6. Independent dual frame racks; 7. Parosolation; 8. Internal OSB plate (OSP); 9. Glk, base for interior decoration; 10. Layer of interior decoration. |
 | 1. Waterproofing, windproof film (diffusion membrane); 2. Heat insulation with a thickness of 150 mm.; 3. Sheet of OSP thickness 9-12 mm.; 4. Outdoor decoration of the walls of the house (block house, lining, imitation of timber, siding); 5. Coupling from bars 30x40 mm.; 6. Basic frame racks (ram 150x50 mm., With increments of 500-600 mm.); 7. Parosolation; 8. Sheet of OSP with a thickness of 9-12 mm.; 9. Interior wall decoration (plasterboard, lining). |
 | 1. Outdoor wall covering (Isoplaat, Isotex, with a sheet thickness of 25 mm.); 2. Outdoor doom (planed board with a thickness of 25 mm., In increments of 500-600 mm.); 3. Outdoor decoration of the walls of the house (block house, lining, imitation of timber, siding); 4. Basalt insulation thickness of 150-200 mm.; 5. Vaporizolation film; 6. Basic frame racks (70x195 mm ram., 500-600 mm.); 7. Inner casing of walls from an OSP, a thickness of 9-12 mm. |
 | 1. Exterior finish at home (block house); 2. Dome of bars (50x50 mm.); 3. Waterproofing, windproof film; 4. Sheet OSB-3 (OSP), thickness 12 mm.; 5. Stands of the main frame (ram 150x50 mm.); 6. Insulation with a thickness of 150 mm.; 7. Insulation 50 mm thick.; 8. Dome of bars (50x50 mm.); 9. Parosolation film; 10. Sheet OSB-3 (OSP), thickness 12 mm.; 11. Sheet of plasterboard with a thickness of 12 mm. |
Modern skeleton design - Multi-storey, if it is erected, knowledge, experience and care, which far from always inherent in builders are required. As a result, since the frame houses are very sensitive to the quality of construction, an incredulous attitude has been formed. Myths about their negative qualities do not consider.
Different types of frame houses will serve from 30 to 100 years. This indicator depends on the quality of the frame and the insulation and their safety in the design.
To ensure the durability of materials, it is important to prevent moisture from entering the wall. The durability of the tree and metal under conditions of normal atmospheric humidity and with proper processing exceeds 100 years.
Weak link - insulation. The house with polystyrene foam insulation will serve at least 30 years. The use of a rigid mineral wool material will increase the service life of the building without repairing the wall to 60 years and more. However, these deadlines are justified with high-quality implementation of the house, when fasteners and protective films have a high degree of reliability, providing tightness of the structure for long years.
Metal frame is reliable and can carry serious loads
Significantly reduces the durability of the structure. Use for a raw wood frame. As the tree in the constructed house dries up, racks and beams change their geometry, the casing is disturbed, the slots appear on the joints, so it is necessary to carefully monitor the moisture content of the material for the frame (for this you can use a special device - moisture meter). The tree should be dried natural or artificial (vacuum drying) in the way.
Most often framework made of wood
Summary: Durability of the frame house is 30-100 years old, and depends on the quality of materials and works.
On the contrary, one of the most important merchandise of frame houses is the high energy-saving quality of the walls. They provide a layer of insulation with a thickness of 15-20 cm, located inside the wall between the frame racks. But insulation can be more serious - as in skew houses with increased energy efficiency ,.
Such a solution also levels the bridges of the cold, which occur in the location of the frame racks. The tree, although it has a relatively low thermal conductivity, but still greater than the thermal conductivity of the insulation. The heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall of the standard frame house without an outer insulation is 2.9 m * ° C / W, the design of the "shelter-insulation-insulation" - 3.4 m * ° C / W, and at home with an outer insulation of extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm thick - 4.7 m * ° C / W. The lowest value is already complied with the standards. In addition, the variation of the parameters of the insulation allows the use of the same structures as in the southern and in the northern regions.
Many manufacturers perform a trim from environmentally friendly cement-chipboard. In this case, CSP slabs with stone crumbs were used.
American Frame House Lesson
After the Second World War, tens of thousands of American families moved to the suburbs. This happened thanks to the construction of the houses of the framework design, which were worth several times cheaper than traditional stone. The author of the idea was the builder and businessman Bill Levitt. The first town of Levittown (named as later in his honor) was built in 50 kilometers from New York. "Construction of the Century" began in July 1947 and after three months later the first young families moved to new homes, and then came 100-150 newcomers per week.
In four years, the company has built 17 thousand houses under New York. Levitta was accused of building tonsils, which in a few years break down. But at home justified itself and stood for a long time: about a thousand of them are still exploited. Levitt organized the factory production and conveyor in construction: already ready-made blocks of the house were delivered to the assembly site, builder brigades were narrowly specialized. The house could buy almost everyone (60 years ago they cost 8 thousand dollars). The idea of \u200b\u200bLevitta led to a revolution in world housing construction.
Summary: The frame house is quite warm.
The concept of walls in all frame houses are really the same: between the frame racks there is a heater, protected from the inside of a vapor barrier film, with an outer-waterproofing superdiffuse (transmitting pairs) membrane. On both sides of the frame and the insulation are protected by rigid trim, different: oriented chipboard (OSP, OSB), cement-chipstones (CSP), waterproof, drywall sheets (GKC). Similarly, overlaps are arranged.
However, U. different types Buildings have significant differences in the methods of construction, materials and nuances of the structure. Frame houses are prefabs, since they are mounted from pre-manufactured structures, which are brought to the construction site. The design of structures must be factory - this approach will ensure the accuracy of the size and completeness of the elements. At the same time, the assembly technology of the house may be different:
assembly on the construction site
At the pre-prepared foundation, the framework of the walls is set, they are squeezed, filled with insulation, protected with insulation. In the same way, overlaps, the roof is collected from the harvested elements, then the windows, doors, etc., are installed on the construction site - 3-12 weeks. Work requires thoroughness and strict compliance with the installation requirements - to control this by a non-specialist is difficult.
factory assembly (frame-boiled houses)
The assembly of walls and floors of the house is made in the factory conditions on special technological lines, and already brought to the construction site. They are varying degrees of readiness: from the collected frame structure to completely finished wall panels (with inserted windows and built-in engineering communications), multilayer slabs of overlaps and even roofs. The prefabricated elements must correspond to the design dimensions with an accuracy of a millimeter, and on the construction site they only fasten them among themselves.
The box is erected within 3-7 days depending on the complexity of the project. In a large extent, the quality of the structure depends on the factory work. Therefore, the company supplies prefabricated structures should have an impeccable reputation: then the building will be reliable. Collect the house should specially trained brigade. However, the kit along with detailed instructions can supply the customer for self-assembly. This practice is found in both foreign and domestic frame construction. Houses differ in the framework of the frame:
Wooden frame
Make from the board, one-piece or glued bar (which is the most durable, high-quality and expensive), as well as a wooden 2-way beam (wood + osp + wood). Standard cross section of the rack - 50 x 150 mm. The durability and strength of the house depends on the quality of the tree. The main requirement is the humidity of the sawn timber should not be higher than 18%. Houses with wooden frame are most common.
Metal carcass
Perform from profiles of various configurations collected on bolts. They must have an anti-corrosion coating (be galvanized or painted). The metal frame allows you to arrange large spans of overlaps and openings in the walls (only the frame of the glued timber can be compared with it).
Other differences between frame houses consist in the features of the wall design. Materials, thicknesses and the number of layers of insulation, plating, vapor and waterproofing, the design of overlappings (on beams, farms or panels) can be different. Thus, the generalized name "Canadian houses" does not describe the entire variety of frame structures.
These types can be distinguished:
Summary: Frame houses are distinguished by design, assembly technology and heat engineering properties.
Insulation, which are used in the walls of frame houses, must ensure thermal insulation of the house not lower than the normative layer with a layer thickness of about 15 cm (this figure is determined by the size of the frame cross section).
These requirements are:
mineral (basalt) wool (sufficient thickness - 15 cm). This material also has good sound insulation qualities. The insulation plates should be rigid so that over time their shrinkage and the reduction of energy efficiency of the walls of the house occurred. Basalt Wat is the most common insulation in skewhouse houses.
Mineral Wat - one of the most popular insulation
foamed P. eneopoluretan. (PPU), sufficient thickness 10-12 cm). This is a durable, hard material. His drawback is that during the fire it highlights a poisonous smoke, so in the wall it should be insulated with a trim (which just corresponds to the design of the frame house). Polyurethane foam is used in some types of framework-shield houses of factory manufacture.
extruded expanded polystyrene foam Apply as an additional insulation (layer thickness - 3-10 cm). Put it on the outer bedding of houses to give them increased energy efficiency. This is a high-quality, durable, dear material, it is used in the frame houses of the premium class.
ekwata. - Heatel from cellulose (thickness 20 cm). The material is a homogeneous mass resembling cotton. When the walls are insulation, it is covered between the trim or moisturize and apply on a warmed surface using blowing equipment. With a moist application method, the material, frozen, is tightly grasped with the structures (due to the lignin - wood glue present in it, natural binding). To reduce the flammability, the EcoWhat includes antipyrenes.
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walker Wat. - insulation for houses with elevated environmental requirements (thickness - 16-20 cm). It has the shape of rigid plates in which the binding thin fibers of cellulose is natural wood resin.
Another type of eco-friendly insulation - reed (caressing) mats and slabs .
The effectiveness of thermal insulation material for a frame house is made up of several aspects:
These criteria correspond to plates from mineral wool - non-combustible material, which is especially important to ensure fire safety of wooden frame houses. High-quality stoves from stone wool are not burning, they do not emit smoke and flaming droplets, in addition, they serve as excellent acoustic insulation. Mineral wool is a hydrophobic (almost not absorbing moisture) and plus it does not absorb moisture from the air. The main raw materials in the process of producing this insulation are basalt and gabbro. Molten rocks at a temperature of 1400 ° C are subjected to separation on fibers, forming stone wool. Thermal insulation products from this material when right mounting and operation are capable of listening over 50 years. The insulation in the frame design should be laid tightly to the racks (the versius is installed), there should be no gaps between thermal insulating plates. Depending on the type of frame design, steam barrier and windproof may be required.
Feature frame wall - Its low thermal inertia (the ability to accumulate heat, and then gradually give it). High inertia inherent in brick, concrete, less - wood, so the cold house with stone walls heats up slowly, and when the heating is turned off, slowly cools. In a frame wall, except for wood, a significant part of the mass is a heater, which heat does not accumulate. This means that the house with frame walls is quickly heated, since it is not consumed heat for heating the wall, but also quickly cools when the heating is turned off. Low thermal inertia is not positive or negative quality, but it must be taken into account.
Walls with high thermal inertia smoothes daily fluctuations in temperatures, and in the house with frame walls they will be more pronounced. In winter, they will have to be smoothed by the dynamism of the heating system (its ability to quickly heat up when turned on and cool when it is turned off, which is more inherent in electrical systems). But from a low-cost wall will never have a cold and dampness. And if necessary, the thermal inertia of the frame house as a whole can be enhanced by the use of a reinforced concrete foundation plate (which is very convenient when erecting such buildings), more solid finishing (for example, when used in the trim two layers of HCL).
This is the proportion of truth - the brick is stronger, but it's hardly a thieves to break the wall when it is much easier to climb the house through the window or the door. The design of the standard wall of the frame house is similar to the roof design and has about the same thickness. However, it's not easy to destroy it. OSP, which the house is cited outside, the stronger the wood array of similar thickness due to its multi-layer structure. Even stronger CSP. The covering along with the frame gives the wall with the necessary rigidity and stability.
Especially high strength (due to the rigid interconnection of the layers) is the wall from the factory manufacturers and walls of houses with several layers of insulation. The strength of the house itself is also sufficient. Many foreign technologies are designed for seismic sustainability up to 7 points. In addition, due to the ease of construction, frame houses without amplification can be built on soils with a small bearing capacity, without fear of distortion and cracks.
Summary: Frame houses are durable and resistant to natural cataclysms, but against a person who is firmly intended to break the wall, he may not resist.
The finished panels can be ordered for self-assembly, but better if a team of professionals will occur
For frame houses, it is most often used, or foundations. Savings are achieved at the expense of a smaller consumption of materials, a small volume of land and assembly work. The foundation is the basis of the house, and its construction should be taken particularly carefully. If the customer is not confident in the high professionalism of the builders, he can monitor the quality of execution, referring to the drawings. The miscalculation of the foundations and the manufacture of work drawings performs a professional designer. In the documentation, the Customer will find in detail the necessary plans, species, cuts, specification, material intensity.
When using factory concrete, it is necessary to require a certificate from builders or suppliers to imported material. Must correspond to fixed in the drawings. When using fittings, it is necessary to check whether its diameter and the linking method of the specified constructor corresponds. You can also take photos of various stages when the foundation device and consult with other professionals.
For houses with wooden frame and wood slabs, fire-fighting breaks should be more
In fact, in any house, a healthy microclimate provides only ventilation, regardless of the material of its walls. The myth is based on an erroneous idea that brick walls breathe - pass through itself excessive moisture. However, according to experts, the diffusion of steam through the vaporonic wall is insignificant compared to its accumulation in the residential premises. In old houses, including brick, ventilation provided slots in the windows and doors, underground and in the attic.
However, the energy efficient structure, regardless of whether the stone or frame, should have hermetic structures. Fresh air in the house provides efficient with mechanical exhaust. Her project should be as part of the plan of each frame house. To ventilation does not reduce the heat efficiency of the house, it is desirable to have in the system. In addition, natural ventilation should be envisaged - the windows in each room should be opened.
Summary: In a frame house, equipped with a mechanical exhaust ventilation system, even with the winds closed will always be fresh air.
Most frame houses meet the requirements of environmental friendliness, and many of them have relevant European certificates. A tree or metal from which the framework is made belong to the most environmentally friendly of well-known materials. Stone wool, which, as a rule, is used in frame houses, is positioned as neutral, not harmful to health material (although there are different opinions on this). The polystyrene foam used in the most economical buildings at temperatures below 85 ° C is also not dangerous, in addition, in the wall it is completely isolated from indoor space trim. Inside the walls, the GLCs are crushed, the environmental friendliness of which does not cause doubts, or OSP, 95% consisting of wood (the percentage of harmful binding resins is reduced to a minimum). Insulating films in the composition of the wall are environmentally neutral. Overlapping in frame houses are performed by wooden beamsPartitions - based on wooden frame.
Of course, if the frame house is too cheap, the likelihood of the use of poor-quality materials, dangerous for the health of materials. But such a danger may occur not only in the construction of frame houses. In any case, if you doubt as components, require environmentally friendly certificates and conclusions of the SES.
Summary: As part of the designs of a high-quality frame house there should be no materials that are harmful to health.
To date, there are three technologies for building prefabricated frame houses: 1) frame, 2) panel and 3) frame-panel (Canadian). They differ from each other with nuances of construction. In the first case, enveloped structures and internal partitions (walls). With panel house-building, the walls of the house do not need additional strengthening, as they themselves are carriers.
Canadian technology Construction of frame houses It is a certain symbiosis of the first two, since applicable, being carriers, are additionally enhanced by a wooden frame. Maintenance constructive elements Frame houses - wood and its derivatives, or rather an OSP. Regarding the ecology of the OSP there was a lot of disputes. At the very beginning of these plates, manufacturers were used by formaldehyde-based adhesive composition, but after long research, a more successful solution was proposed that meets strict standards and environmental requirements. As a result, now we have eco-friendly and comfortable for living frame-panel houses.
In such buildings, all carrier elements of walls and roofs should have fire retardant treatment. It is also desirable to be sewn from the effects of high temperatures with leaf or slaughter materials. It is precisely the trim from CSP and GLC - non-combustible materials. The casing of two layers of GLC will increase the limit of the fire resistance of the design for 30 minutes (and at the same time will improve the sound insulation of the wall). And in general, the limit of fire resistance structures of frame houses is 30-60 minutes, which meets the standards and should be reflected in the manufacturer's certificate. Also, fire safety requirements should be taken into account when placing a house on the site. Between frame buildings requires a greater fireproof distance than between stone.
Summary: The degree of fire resistance of frame houses is lower than the stone, to increase their fire safety, wooden structures are treated with antipirens and used DM of the inner casing two layers of GKC.
Indeed, each company that builds frame houses has in its disposal in detail of the designed typical projects, the designs of which are included in the factory production programs. But if necessary, the company's project office is developing individual project Or adapts to the framework structures that already have the customer. The construction of the house in this case will cost more than a typical project for which the production of structures has already been established at the factory. In addition, more time will take place from the start of design until the end of construction.
Summary: The frame house can be built both by typical and by an individual project.
In our country, some developers still relate to the skeleton structures. We are accustomed to the fact that the house should be built "on the century" and from massive materials, the prevailing buildings seem too unreliable. The hard and durable metal frame as a supporting structure allows you to switch to new construction technologies, while remaining faithful to the traditions of the thoroughness.
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The finished frame house, built on the basis of the metal frame, is outwardly not different from the buildings from other materials.
Metal frame also has a number of other advantages. So, it can withstand heavy loads, such as beautiful, but at the same time a rather heavy natural ceramic or cement-sand tile. The metal also provides the stability of the geometry of the house (the wooden structure of poorly dried and unprocessed raw materials can be a story, and additional training is spending that construction companies are trying to avoid). Metal also wins in the plan of firebreaks. Some customers are afraid that metal carcass It will be cold or start rust. But this is just a myth - metal is closed with a sufficient layer of heat and waterproofing, so as not to freeze and serve for many years.
This cannot be agreed. The frame house is only the technology of construction. And its appearance depends on the finishing and architectural qualities of the project. The decoration is used as for houses from stone materials: plaster, painting, ventilated facade with the use of siding, block house, etc. It is also possible to facing walls with brick, and the base of the stone (the wall is not recommended to separate the wall). In architecturally, the project of the frame house is not different from the projects of buildings from stone materials, and almost any of them can be recycled for frame structures. Thus, the frame house may have a completely representative view.
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Built on framework technology at home may look modern and representative.
There are almost no restrictions in the interior design: you can apply any finishing finish to drywall, except, except, heavy materials, such as a stone. However, architecture frame buildings really have features. The frame allows without additional constructive triggers to create large open spaces in the interior, arrange wide windowsthat even with small areas creates a feeling of space in the house. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe low-cost framework of the frame structure was due to the fact that the cup of all they are built if necessary to save. However, in foreign practice, frame houses often refer to objects of modern, progressive architecture: an eco-friendly, economical and easy.
Summary: The frame house may look beautiful and solid.
The cost of construction of a frame house ranges from 150 to 1200 $ / m². Such a wide range is due to various technologies and the possibility for the customer of the degree of readiness of the construction: from the acquisition of a set of the house for an independent construction before turning turnkey. Within the framework of the same technology, cost fluctuations are possible depending on the materials used. For example, a house with a frame of glued bar is more expensive than from the array. It matters material insulation and trim, etc. Houses with insulates from polystyrene foam is cheaper than from basalt wool, an insulating of an OSP is cheaper than from CSP.
With additional insulation, the cost of the house will increase. Some technologies use import energy efficient windows and doors, especially reliable membranes, which also increases the cost of construction. But in general, on consumption of material and labor intensity, frame walls are most economical. This is due to the smaller volume of the foundation and walls, as well as with a lower price of the insulation compared with massive materials.
The cost of 1 m² of a standard frame wall with a thickness of 20 cm 1.3 times cheaper than the walls from the bar, 1.7 times - from the foam concrete blocks and 2.2 times - from the brick (with the same energy-saving ability and different thickness of the walls required for it achievements). But too low, the price should be alert: perhaps the carcass tree will not be insufficiently dry, the casing is minimal thickness, etc. It should always be ensured as structures and materials for assembling at home. Reliable quality indicator - certificate of compliance with European standards (construction, energy-saving, environmental), as well as a guarantee provided by the company (for the highest quality frame houses, it is 30 years old). One of the benefits of frame construction is the transparency of investment and accuracy of the estimate. The cost of the kit of the house is determined individually after the development of the project and then does not change.
Summary: The range of 1 m² of frame houses varies from the cheapest to elite.
As it is clear from the very name, the frame house is built on the basis of the frame. The frame is made of a thick wooden timber or metal. The material for the construction of walls usually serve a sip-panel or board.
Projects of framework houses are sets of documents that contain complete information about the future building. They consist of two sections: architectural and constructive. The first shows the appearance of the building from different sides. The second contains building plans, schemes, drawings, specifications, estimates, installation instructions. And this applies not only building structuresThe main communications (electrician, plumbing, ventilation) are also taken into account.
Design of frame house in the section Source Stroi154.ru
For reliability and strength, frame houses are not inferior to buildings from other materials. Them main advantages:
Modern frame houses are often built in Modern or High-tech styles Source Houzz.com
But there are "sander" and certain weak sides. But "warned - it means armed" - for each drawback there is a successful example of solving the problem:
Initial processing of materials is carried out at the stage of production Source bg.decorexpro.com.
Before you buy a project of a frame house, you need to figure out which types of frame houses. 4 main types are isolated, all other varieties are a combination of elements from different modifications in one building. These types of buildings are used:
On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of the houses "low-rise country".
Such buildings are also called "Canadian houses" it is believed that in their development in Russia, the Canadian construction norms were taken as the basis.
The main difference is that they consist of several layers. Each layer is a floor fixed on its base platform. The basis (strapping) of the first floor is made called basement overlap. The name conditioned, the construction can be without a basement. The blockage is mounted immediately to the foundation and acts as a support for barn bars connected by lags. Thus, the shield is obtained, an externally resembling a tray for transportation and storage of goods.
Overlapping on the frame of the frame house Source Assz.ru
Vertical bars are the main supporting structures. At the bottom they are attached to horizontal beams, upstairs are connected by the same beams, creating the base for the second floor.
More such buildings are called Finnish. It is not known, they came up with them in Finland or not, but it was there on the territory of those adjacent countries they are widespread.
From other types, they differ in the fact that the main entry element they have one-piece vertical construction sites passing through two floors (from here and the name - continuous). The floors between the floors are mounted on the supporting boards embedded in the main rack at the level of the second floor. The boards are not only support, they tighten the racks among themselves, due to which the overall strength of the design increases.
In the construction of continuous racks, it is necessary to pay special attention to the correctness of their installation. If at least a small deviation to the side on the first floor is allowed, the construction of the second floor will be very difficult, or is impossible at all.
Vertical racks is the base for the whole house Source KayabaParts.ru.
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of construction of frame houses. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
Such a type of buildings are common in Germany, they are also called half-timbered. In appearance, they are easily distinguished from others - all outdoor pillars, transverse and inclined wall beams are visible outside. The service life longer than other houses. There are monuments of architecture, the age of which is 5-6 centuries.
In these structures, only the bars of thick cross section are used. Of these, not only vertical racks, but horizontal overlaps and diagonal supports. This is the main difference, in other structures for overlapping and lag apply smaller boards.
The construction of such houses is more laborious due to the parts of the structures are attached with mortise connections. But, there are projects of small frame houses in which the bars are attached to the bolts.
Frame house of a beam-beam type Piorit.ru
Unlike the above buildings, the vertical racks of such structures not only support walls and overlaps. Additionally, they are used as piles. They are clogged into the ground or put on supports from concrete. This makes it possible to raise the structure above the soil level. Such a feature will be useful in the construction of buildings on a wetlands or in flooding zones. Another advantage is good ventilation of the bottom of the house. Boards remain dry, which prevents the formation of mold and fungus.
In the houses of this type, the load from the roof and transverse floors is evenly distributed to the vertical racks. The space between them is mounted doors, windows or warmed panels. If you need additional amplification, diagonal backups are installed.
On powerful racks, the entire frame of the house holds Source stroy-podskazka.ru.
The standard building is considered to be at home with a size of 6x8 m. Different suppliers offer both standard projects and individual, taking into account the wishes of the customer. But, despite all the differences in architecture and design, there is a concept of basic configuration. It includes:
Note!The foundation is usually not included in the basic projects of houses for framework technology. This is due to the fact that it is possible to choose the required type of foundation only by examining the construction site. In some cases, geological surveys may be required. This is especially true of problem soils (increased moisture content, thick layer of humus, alumina).
Competent geological research is the key to high-quality foundation for the lowest possible price Source SMRTE.ru
If the construction is supposed to be built higher than one floor, such work is better to trust the specialists, the wrong choice can bring serious disappointments in the future.
Building technology resembles a classic building of a wooden house, but there are differences. The sequence is as follows:
The most responsible stages are the foundation and installation of bearing structures. Why is the foundation, understandable. Special attention is paid to the accuracy of assembly and installation of the frame because it serves as the basis for the whole design. Any batch or level evasion will further create difficulties when installing other elements.
Viscable to see a step-by-step demonstration of the construction of a skeleton house in the following video:
Very often, customers are not satisfied with typical projects, and they want to make certain changes in them. All organizations that are developing projects can do it. The only question will make it free.
It happens that the changes to the future owner of the house seem insignificant, and they can be performed by pressing two-three keys, then everything will do the program. In practice, it may be found out that for the implementation of the intended need to make a new project.
For example, recalculate material for insulation or change the purpose of the premises the designer will agree free. Add a veranda or porch from another project, remove the door or window - in most cases, but not always. If you need a change in the size of the house - it is unlikely. This will require to recalculate the size of all supporting structures, overlap, foundation, facade. True, such cases are quite rare, any catalog of projects of frame houses allows everyone to choose either typical projectOr with minor changes to adapt it to itself.
In the next video, see what is the full-fledged frame of the frame house:
Buildings for permanent residence involve the possibility of their operation at any time of the year, as in the heat in the summer, so in the cold in winter. When designing the future, you need to pay special attention to this. If there is no need to accommodate in the construction at low temperatures, you can save on thermal insulation. In order for the summer heat, it does not interfere with a comfortable stay in the house, a small layer of this material. If the constant stay of people is supposed, it is necessary to provide such a thickness so that the heat is maintained even at the lowest temperatures. For the central strip of Russia, the thickness of the insulation is recommended at least 150 mm, the optimal is considered 200 mm.
Properly made (in compliance with all the requirements of technology) frame structures can not be called themselves cheapest. Before building a house of framework technology, projects and prices for materials can be found in the catalog from the supplier and evaluate their financial capabilities. But, indisputable of their advantages - a variety of options for execution and technology of construction. This makes it possible to choose the most optimal option for everyone.
To master himself step-by-step construction Frame home, at least in his most simple version, enough possession of a carpenter crafts, locksmith, finishing, etc. We are talking about ordinary shopping skills from professional arsenal most of the male population. Of course, true labor costs and immersion in theoretical issues are already dependent on the selected approach to the construction (type of project, the method of erection of a sump, the participation of assistants in the production process, etc.).
If everything is done correctly, then for one season, with relatively small financial investments, you will be quite able to become the owner of our own housing. Therefore, as well as given the optimal ratio, it is often that private developers choose it.
To build a frame house with your own hands, a number of preparatory activities should be made, choose project and materials, deal with the nuances of technological stages, etc.
If you have already decided to do without attracting assembly brigades, you still have several possible methods Construction of construction.
It has several embodiments. You can order "Domocomplekt" from multilayer or with design parameters on a specialized enterprise. Your site will take a constructor from the fitted elements, equipped with instructions for assembling a frame house. This is an expensive, but the least laborious way. It allows in a short time to become the owner of its own housing. For example, a box of finished elements is mounted on a prepared foundation per day. Of course, for this you will have to invite a couple of assistants and rent a car crane.
Panels can also be made with their own hands directly on the construction site. Their assembly is carried out in a horizontal position on suitable in size of a flat area. Next, ready-made wall parts are installed and fixed vertically. This method allows to achieve a good accuracy of the independent manufacture of the elements of the construction, and the assistant assistance will be required only for lifting and fixing the panels in the project position.
With its classical implementation method, step-by-step construction of a skeleton house from the set of all its skeleton, which, then, is filled with insulation and stones. On the one hand, the advantages of this method is that it is less demanding to accuracy the geometric parameters of sawn timber. Each rack or jumper is installed individually and immediately in its design position. This allows you to level on the spot some defects of the geometry of the framework elements. On the other hand, such a frame-frame assembly is quite difficult to implement independently at any stages. One person is almost impossible to hold the rack or jumper simultaneously, set and fix it in terms of level.
A specific optimization of the process allows to achieve a method for building a skeleton house, partly combining panel and frame assembly. For example, you can order the carcasses of walls and overlaps at the enterprise. You will receive high-quality products at an affordable price, the installation of which will not require the use of lifting equipment. Frames can also be made to themselves, and to fill it and trim, after assembling the skeleton of the box and covering its roof.
Prototypes of domestic skewers are objects built on the technologies of Canadian-American and European masters. This continuity is confirmed even by the fact that one of the main sectoral regulations of the joint venture 31-105-2002 "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-headed residential buildings with wooden framework" was developed on the basis of the Housing and Construction Rules of Canada.
Indeed, the skeletons of the prevailing amount of skeners are constructed from the board or bar. For example, in many standard projects of residential buildings developed for a moderate-climatic zone, timber of coniferous wood are laid:
When choosing sawn timber, preference should be given to planed products dried to a regulatory humidity of 12-18%. They are expensive than the edged bonding board, but the savings will subsequently deliver many problems, in particular:
Important! The connection of the elements of the frame house can be carried out by means of steel corners, nails or screws. In this case, preference should be given to nails with a textured surface, for example, anchor (dried, corrugated).
Frames of internal floors and partitions are recommended to fill with fibrous soundproof materials. Often this uses mineral wool with special acoustic properties. In confirmation of its specialization on the packaging of the material, the corresponding marking should be applied.
The outer thermal circuit is assembled on the basis of any effective insulation with a thermal conductivity parameter not exceeding 0.1 W / (m * 0 s). At the same time, the filling of the frame with a bulk material is allowed only in overlaps or attic roofs with a slope of not more than 1: 5. For heat barriers, the walls are used slab (rolled) fibrous, foamed or sprayed insulation. The skeleton house collected with his own hands, most often insulate:
The construction technology of the frame house provides for a phased covering of the structural skeleton with pair-and waterproofing layers, as well as protective or protective-decorative facing.
Of particular importance is to create a reliable parobacker from within the premises. The thermal contour of the building is built on the thermos system with a relatively thin shell. In the cold season, a significant gradient of the temperature and partial pressure of water vapor affects its inner and outer surface. Wet air strive to get outward, including through walls and floors, where condensate falls out of it. And this is already unacceptable, since it threatens the damage of thermal insulation, frame elements and cladding.
Therefore, for vapor barrier on the inner side of the frame rolled materials with practically zero vapor permeability. These are:
Unlike the assembly from the finished factory panels, step-by-step construction of a frame house with their own hands also involves the installation of waterproofing on the outside of the heat circuit panels. Preference should be given to membranes that do not prevent the free exit of steam from thermal insulation. In the event of an external sheaving with ventilation, waterproofing should also have windproof properties.
Further covering of steam and hydrobarries is carried out by any sheet or piece material satisfying the operating conditions and wishes of the host: clapboard, OSB, plasterboard (inside), professional flooring, CSP, etc.
To simplify all stages of construction of a frame house as a basis, you can take a typical project, to fit it for yourself, spending quite a bit of time. Of course, we are talking about minor changes. The dimensions of the panels of walls and overlaps, door and window openings, as well as the pitch of the racks, lag, the beams of the structural skeleton are better to adjust, where it is possible, taking into account their multiplicity by dimensional parameters of the insulation of the insulation of the insulation of the insulation and the trim. Thus, it will be possible to minimize the amount of cropping and save time on the mineral wool, OSB, drywall, etc.
For example, the practicing step of 400 mm racks allows you to mount vertically GCL 1200 * 2500 mm without side trimming. But mineral wool with a roll width (plate) 600 mm is comfortably lighted only in the clearance of "European" racks.
More complicated with the selection of the multiplicity of the outer skin. So, with a horizontal orientation of some popular leafy products, they will be installed without trimming at the next step of the racks:
| Material | Leaf Length, mm | The number of racks on the sheet (excluding the last, common with the adjacent sheet) | Step, mm. |
| CSP | 2700 | 4/5/6 | 675/540/450
640/533,3/457,1/400 |
| OSB. | 2440 | 4/5/6 | 610/488/406,6 |
| Cement Aquapanel | 1200 | 2/3/4 | 600/400/300 |
From the table, it can be seen that the external CSPs with a length of 3200 mm will be well correlated with the internal GLC, with a step of 400 mm racks, or an aqualand (step 400 mm and 600 mm). You can use OSB sheets 2500 mm, setting GLC horizontally (step 500 mm). But in this case you will already have to engage in cutting minvati.
Adapting a draft frame house under waste-free technology, to begin with, it is necessary to determine the materials desired and accessible in your region. Clarify their exact dimensions. The same mineral wool is not always 600 mm wide. It has a significant scatter of sizes, depending on the manufacturer. For example, the width of popular plates or rolls of Minvati, mm:
Important! Matching the width of thermal insulation and step of racks (lag), do not forget to take into account their thickness. At the same time, the plates or strip rolls of mineral wool should be laid tightly and without gaps. Therefore, their width takes at least 20-30 mm more width of the frame of the frame.
To get involved in achieving the accuracy of construction, it is unacceptable to move away from the calculated characteristics laid down by the developer of the draft frame house. Changes to it should be made extremely careful. For example, an excessive increase in the string step can lead to a significant loss of construction strength. On the contrary, the frequent setting of the stands will lead to a decrease in the thermal resistance of the outer panels, since the thermal conductivity of wood is several times higher than that of mineral wool. Therefore, if a total reconstruction is planned, it will have to be resorted to the help of a profile engineer or it is thoroughly to study the calculation systems.
Sander belongs to one of the easiest constructions of capital construction. Therefore, for their installation, it is often used to use the least materials of the prefabricated foundations. For example, from screw piles. Their supporting structures are assembled on the basis of groups of steel pipes, linked to uniform spatial systems.
Forms The factor and depth of immersion supports depend on the load, the support of the ability and freezing of the soil. Thus, the main characteristics of piles are:
You will need help 2-3 people for screwing screw piles. Before assessing the site, and the trees, shrubs, large-sized objects are removed next to it. The plot placed the places of installation of the supports. It is convenient to make it in line with the construction scheme of the frame house, its foundation part. Supports are installed in all hub points (crosshairs of walls) and on direct segments in increments of 1-3 m (not more than 3.5 m).
In order not to search for or make special clamps or grippers for screwing the piles, you can drill a pair of holes in their upper parts. The ends of the gate levers will be inserted into them. In the process of diving, the supports should adjust their verticality.
After installing the last pile, they are cut in one horizontal plane, and the pipes are filled with concrete solution.
Balka strapping (woodwork) is made from rolled metal or wood. In the first case, a frame of 2-axis beams or a schweller, repeating the projection of the walls, is brewed on the pipe sections. In the second, the platforms made of leaf steel with a thickness of 8-10 mm. The frame of the bolt is attracted to the bolt frame with a cross section 150 (200) * 150 mm.
All metal elements are processed by anti-corrosion compositions, and gaskets of 2-3 layers of rubberoid of any type are installed under the parts of the wood.
Step-by-step instructions for the construction of a skeleton house with their own hands can provide for the next step or the installation of walls or overlaps. In case of screw foundation It is more convenient to make floor slabs, and then taken per wall.
If the woodwork serves wooden bar.What is better with a complete manual assembly on the construction site, then the beams (lags) are immediately installed on it or the finished skeleton of the floor frame overlap. For free spans up to 3 m, a single board is used on the edge (200 * 50 mm), for wider - dual or bar 200 * 100 mm. At the installation of the screw supports of the foundation of the frame house, the installation of additional piles may be provided, and at the styling stage of the strapping - additional transverse beams 200 * 150 mm to enhance the lengthy spans of overlaps.
An important value is also the choice of step lag. It will depend on it the recommended thickness of the flooring for the tip of the top black floor or the elements of the crate. In addition, do not forget about the principle of multiplicity of materials that contribute to their savings. For example, if the step of the lag is received 600 mm, then for the arrangement of the upper draft floor it is necessary to take a board at least 35 mm thick.
Below is the frame structure of the floor frame house. For the bottom black row, they take an unedged board with a thickness of no more than 25 mm. Install the rotor. Windproof can be laid freely, but vaporizoation with mandatory cloaking joints by assembly scotch. Overtegles of both species of both species at least 15 cm. Obsets from above from the board 35 * 100 mm or a bar with a side of 40-50 mm. The OSB thickness should make measurement with the frequency of the crate, but be at least 12 mm.
Important! Step-by-step assembly The floor of the frame house is characterized by its variability, which depends on the selected materials, the owners preferences, as well as accessibility to the bottom of the stove.
The optimal one can call the option when the frame frame is made separately as a skeleton of the panel with a paved bottom (from the roughing and windproof) and endboards. Then it turns over, it is installed in the design position and its further equipment is carried out (insulation, vapor barrier, etc.). With this method, it is convenient to mount the lower draft floor and windarrier.
At the same time, on the current tradition, there are often lags in terms of the strapping. Then they are brought by the unedged board and lay the windarrier, as shown in the figure below. This leads to some difficulties at the stage of fastening a shotquer, as well as not entirely correct operation of the winder.
It remains to add that inter-storey floors are collected by a similar scheme. The main difference is that instead of the bottom black row, mounted decorative finish (Plasterboard, tipped board, etc.) on the river or bars crate, and instead of the windbreaker, hermetic vaporizolation.
Despite the fact that with any assembly technology, the structure of finished walls will be mostly the same, the following points should be taken into account:
The layout of the vertical frame is better to start with the outer sheaving. Those. The racks fasten the waterproofing membrane (windarrier) and is covered (with or without an empty) facade trim. Further, thermal insulation is stacked between the racks, vapor barrier and internal lining is mounted. An example of such a layout is shown in the figure below.
Roofing structures of the frame house are not particularly different from the buildings of any other type. You also have two main options - to collect cold roof With a ventilated attic or insulated, under which you can equip another attic floor or semi-entrance.
The least time consuming is the assembly of the pitched flooring over the non-exploitable attic room. Indeed, in its structure there are no layers of insulation and vapor barrier, and often the designs of the internal decorative binder. However, in this case, it will be necessary to take care of the careful heat, vapor and waterproofing of the upper overlap over the ever-used household and residential premises. If the construction project of the frame house involves the construction of a warm attic floor, then in inter-storey floors it is better to lay acoustic insulation. At the same time, the presence of a vapor barrier film is necessarily only over wet rooms (kitchens, bathrooms, baths, etc.), but, for example, it can not be laid over the living room.
Warm roof structures with various species Coatings are fundamentally different only by the method of the crate device:
Details about the arrangement of roofs can be read
A good alternative in the construction of housing, consider everything for and against a frame type of construction.
This technology is hotly loved and must be admitted that there are good reasons for that. The list of all the advantages is much wider than the list of flaws.
Why not take advantage of the many years of experience of our foreign neighbors and not please yourself the advantages of building a skeleton house.
Only worth aware of some nuances that can hide the contractors of prefabricated houses.
The construction of the house has always been difficult. Headache begins long before the start of work.
Therefore, the most popular, nevertheless, uses a nominal frame frame.
The width of the board is selected depending on the thickness of the insulation layer.
The outer surface is trimmed with oriented chipboard, moisture-resistant plywood or cement-chipstop. And insulate the foam or any mineral wool insulation.
Consider the structures of the alternative option.
Durable, reliable, durable, can be performed in any architecture, frost-resistant, environmental.
But at the cost will cost expensive, in time - also no one year will come out, except when designing all the nuances of the soil on the ground should be taken into account.
Environmental, with good heat insulating parameters, special design.
However, after construction requires expectation of shrinkage and can give.
Not bad rapid speed, simplicity of construction, good characteristics. But there is a probability of cracks and dampness.
Listing all the advantages and shortages are clear that advantages, nevertheless more.
In addition, all the disadvantages can be eliminated or bringing the likelihood of their occurrence to zero.
There are two technologies for the construction of frame houses:
Collecting wooden frame, The insulation layer in 100 mm is stacked and the entire design is sewn on both sides by a bar of approximately 70 mm thick.
It happens in two versions:
It is only distinguished by the fact that the manufacturer on its territory manufactures the panels, and on the construction site, only the collection of the house from the finished parts is performed.
Interesting! In terms of environmental friendliness, the Finnish version wins, however, in terms of cost it will be more expensive. Canadian technology is more democratic in price, and its components can also be replaced by more natural.
Scrolling offering manufacturers of frame houses, know that most often the price is indicated by the price for the house, most likely without the cost of assembling the design and delivery of materials or assumes only the construction of the box of the object, without finishing.
All this is done to attract customers with a pleasant budget. In the contract you will be offered a completely different amount. But it will still be less than about 1.5 times than the cost of building the cheapest house.
1 meter of frame building rarely stands above $ 600. For confidence in choosing a contractor, you can discuss it on a specialized forum.
