The types of roofs by construction are determined at the design stage of the house. When choosing a configuration, it is worth considering appearance and the facade of the building, as well as the climatic conditions in which the building is located, the general architectural requirements.
The types of roofs of private houses and their names are determined by their technical characteristics. In many ways, the aesthetics and character of the building depend on the roof. It can have one, two or several slopes, be flat or exclusive. Roofs with two or four slopes are more typical for cottages.
Flat structures are used in multi-storey and industrial buildings. These are the most common types of roofs for garage and outbuildings. However, flat ones have a big drawback - they leak quickly and take more money to maintain than a pitched roof.
The concepts of "roof" and "roof" should not be confused, since these elements, although related to each other, but the essence of their structure is different. The roof is the uppermost element of the structure that performs the enclosing, load-bearing, water and heat insulating function. The roof is the part of the roof that protects the structure from external influences of the atmosphere. Slate, tiles, metal and other roofing materials are used for its installation. Types of roofs for a private house will be presented in this article.
By the angle of inclination of the slopes, roofs are divided into flat and pitched. A roof with a flat slope is considered one in which the angle of inclination of the opposite edges does not exceed 2.5 degrees. This design has a significant drawback - sediments are retained on it, subsequently leading to wear and the occurrence of leaks.
Fallen leaves and precipitation from the sloping roof are removed by hand. This design is not used for the construction of cottages and private houses. Flat roofs are crowned with multi-storey and industrial building, non-residential buildings and garages.
In the construction of private houses, pitched structures are almost always used. The roof will be considered such if the angle of inclination is equal to or greater than 10 degrees. Snow and moisture do not stagnate on the slopes, which reduces external pressure on the roof.
There are roofs that are separated from the room, that is, attic roofs, and roofs that are combined with the room - attic roofs. Attic, in turn, are heated and unheated. Attic rooms are divided into fully or partially ventilated and non-ventilated.
The possibility of using the roof for domestic and other purposes divides them into exploited and unexploited. Technological progress and the imagination of designers have given us a wide variety of types of roofs in terms of construction. The photos and drawings presented in this article will allow you to visually familiarize yourself with them.
One pitched roofs represent a single plane lying on the rafters installed at different heights, due to which a slope is formed in one direction. The most suitable roof option for an outbuilding is not too expensive and not too laborious. Any roofing material can be used as a covering. There is no attic space with one slope. However, it is still possible to equip an attic under a pitched roof, but this will require a special additional project.
Gable roofs consist of two planes, lying on the load-bearing walls, at the same level. In another way, such roofs are called gable. A triangular section of a wall "sandwiched" between two slopes is called a "gable". The gable structure is more complicated than the pitched one, but at the same time it is much simpler than all other types of roofs.
Gable structures are also divided in a certain way. Types and runners. The attic is characterized by sloping lines broken at different angles and pentagonal pediments. This design assumes more free space for organizing the attic. The upper slopes are located at a low angle.
The ability to adjust the eaves plumbing is given by the gable roof views of private houses. Drawings and additional projects in this case, it is not necessary to do, since the integrity of the common roof is not violated. The gable roof has other notable advantages over other configurations:
The disadvantages include:
Attic types of gable roofs are built during the construction of summer cottages and cottages. According to technological standards, the height of the mansard roof cannot be less than 2.3 m, since this height is provided for the ceilings of residential premises. the attic is layered and hanging.
The overhead system is permissible only when the distance between two load-bearing walls is no more than 7 meters. Its essence lies in the fact that one end of the rafters enters the load-bearing wall, and the other into interior wall or a specially erected support structure.
Some types of roofs of private houses with an attic are based on the principle. Hanging rafters are used when there are no internal main walls in the building. The support for the hanging trusses is the Mauerlat (a log or a very thick bar located on the upper edge outer wall). To resist loads, the trusses are fastened with staples or wire.
The mansard roof is also divided into several types. It:
A symmetrical attic is created with a gable roof. Wherein attic will have walls of the same height and width. The symmetrical shape allows you to install full-fledged windows under the roof, and, if necessary, doors, if you intend to exit to the balcony.
The asymmetrical shape is ensured by the hip arrangement of the slopes. In this case, the attic room will be of a small area. Two of its walls will have the shape of triangles, and the other two - trapeziums.
Broken line gable roof so called because it has external breaks in the edges to expand the attic space. A feature of the broken structure is considered to be the small height of the walls in the attic room. Such a roof is often installed in cases where the attic is built on an already built house. The broken structure eliminates the load on the foundation, which was not intended to create another residential floor.
Under the hipped roof, the attic can be round, conical, pyramidal. It is very difficult to equip window or doorways in such a specific room, since they must be made according to special drawings. Simple rectangular openings will not work in this case.
As mentioned above, hip and hip roofs are suitable for the structure.
The hip (four-slope) design differs in that two of its edges have and the other two have isosceles trapeziums.
Triangular slopes are located on the same plane with the pediments, and they are called "hips". For the hip roof, a double-tightened girder structure is used. Sediments from such a roof are removed quite simply. Hip slopes usually tilt at an angle of 45 degrees.
A steep slope implies the need drainage system... Equip such a structure with my own hands difficult, since it is characterized by a complex system of rafters, the installation of which requires precision and special skills.
There is also This is the same hip design, but its triangular slopes are truncated and installed at a smaller slope relative to the trapezoidal slopes.
A hip roof is considered a type of hip roof, in which all slopes have the same geometric shape. A hipped roof is arranged in the event that the base of the house is laid out in the form of a regular quadrangle or another. This structure looks like a pyramid, since all the slopes converge at one point at the top.
The advantages of these types of structures are:
Hip and hip roofs also have some disadvantages:
There are also more complex types of roofs for private houses. Multi-pliers is one of them. This design is used on polygonal buildings, with attics and annexes. It is distinguished by an abundance of internal and external corners.
A large number of ribs and skates gives the house a peculiar zest and sets it apart from others. Multi-gable configurations are the most effective types of roofs for private houses with balconies and other household and decorative extensions.
It implies the presence of a complex and verified rafter system, it is advisable to entrust its construction to experienced workers (since correcting mistakes made during self-construction will cost a lot). Multi-gable and hip - these are the most convenient types of roofs for private houses. With or without an attic, a building with such a roofing structure will be reliably protected from the influence of external negative factors.
Conical and domed roofs are rare, but interesting options in their own way. Not every building can be crowned with such a structure. At the heart of a building that claims to be a conical roof or dome, either a circle should lie, or only separate fragments of the building are covered by it - terraces, towers, verandas. Cone and dome are quite rare types of roofs of private houses with a veranda.
In cottage architecture, there are combined, complex combinations that combine elements of hipped roof, dome, gable and hip roof structures. Such original types of roofs are crowned by houses created according to intricate designs, with several residential levels, several balconies, verandas, and terraces.
The final step in building a house is the installation of a roof designed to protect the home from rain, wind, cold and other weather "troubles". The durability of the building itself depends on how professionally the roof is erected.
Despite the fact that the choice of materials and design solutions for roof construction is very diverse, the principles and general elements will be the same in any case.
Roofing pie is a structure consisting of several layers that creates a protective barrier against moisture penetration, thermal condensation, temperature losses and other negative circumstances associated with the operation of the roof. Layers of the cake are mounted in a strictly defined sequence, and each is interconnected with the previous one.
Frame - a system of rafters (load-bearing elements) on which the roofing cake is laid.
Roofing is a special material designed to protect the building from climatic influences.
Slab - a structural element made of reinforced concrete slabs or lighter building materials, "lying" on the load-bearing walls and serving as a ceiling for rooms on the top floor of the building.
There are the following types of roofing, and when choosing them, it is not necessary to take into account the types of roofs by construction. Each of the following types is suitable for any frame shape.
Whatever the types of roofs by design, they all need additional insulation and protection against moisture penetration. This is especially true of the roofs, under which the attic rooms are located.
Insulation is an important step in creating a reliable and quality roofing cake. In order to live comfortably in the attic at any time of the year, it is necessary to choose the right thermal insulation material and professionally install it.
Insulation, carried out in compliance with all technological rules, ensures a normal indoor climate. In winter, the attic will be warm, and in hot weather it will keep cool.
The thermal insulation of the attic roof is carried out according to the same principles as for a conventional roof structure, but with increased requirements due to the characteristics of the attic space. Its walls are formed due to the slopes of the roof and gables, which is why the sun overheats them in summer, and in winter such walls quickly freeze through.
The attic roofing cake consists of several layers, the sequence of which must not be disturbed. It:
When choosing insulation for a mansard roof, it is important to take into account its thermal conductivity. This characteristic shows the ability of a material to transmit heat to the inside or outside. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation, and the better it will protect the attic from cooling. Any types of roofs of private houses with an attic and a garage in the cold season lose heat, since warm air rises upward according to physical laws.
The heat passes through the roofing cake and goes to the coating, which is covered with snow in winter. If the air temperature is not lower than -2.5 degrees, the snow, due to the porous structure, acts as an external heat insulator.
If the heat loss is too active, the snow on the roof begins to melt, resulting in a crust of ice. It increases the load on the roof and, unlike snow, allows heat to pass through. If the roof insulation is installed according to the rules, the snow on the surface will not melt, and accordingly, there will be no ice crust.
In summer, when it is too hot, excess heat enters the attic. The air heats up so much that it is impossible to maintain a normal indoor climate even with an air conditioner. To avoid such problems, the attic roof is also thermally insulated from the inside.
Before installing the roofing cake for the attic, a thermal insulating material is selected. The number of layers and the thickness of the insulation segment depends on the correct choice. The most common and available materials are:
Heaters based on natural materials: reed mats, wood shavings, straw, slag.
Roofs for private houses differ in a variety of types. But in order for this design to fully meet all the necessary requirements during operation, you need to competently approach the issue of choice.
The primary function of the roof is to protect the house from rain, snow, cold and heat. But in order for the home to always be cozy and comfortable, the following aspects must be taken into account:
Do not discount attractiveness. After all, the roof can not only significantly improve the appearance of the building and give it originality, but also emphasize the status of the owner of the house.
Regarding the latter, the main thing is not to overdo it: the option you like may not always be suitable for a particular building, because a lot depends on design features the house and the material from which it is built. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to study the existing types of roofs, their pros and cons, as well as the features of construction and operation.
When choosing a roof shape for a house, you need to focus on the climatic features of the area
Today, such a variety of roof shapes is offered that the average person is literally lost when choosing. Nevertheless, builders have a clear classification depending on certain criteria:
In addition, roofs are divided into non-attic and attic, exploited and unexploited, and are also classified according to the type of roofing material (tiles, corrugated board, slate). The correct selection of all parameters will affect how well the original option works for the home.
The first are simply flat roofs that are exploited, that is, equipped, for example, with a recreation area, or unexploited. Pitched structures are subdivided into subcategories by type of configuration.
The classification of roofs by slope is considered basic and divides structures into two types: flat and pitched
The most simple solution in every sense, but at the same time not very popular. The angle of inclination of such a roof is no more than 3%, and therefore one of the main disadvantages is the accumulation of snow and water on its surface. This is fraught with the appearance of leaks, and also forces the owner to manually clean the roof.
The main advantages of a flat roof: easy installation of the roofing cake and low cost compared to pitched structures
To provide such a design with a natural drainage of water, builders recommend pouring a layer of expanded clay onto the surface at a slight angle.
The main advantages of a flat roof are the ease of installation of the roofing pie and the relative cheapness in comparison with pitched structures. The load-bearing base is most often reinforced concrete slabs. Sometimes, for this, metal profiled sheets are also used, on which layers of the roofing pie are laid alternately, and then the selected coating.
The load-bearing base of a flat roof is reinforced concrete slabs or metal profiled sheets.
It is for these reasons that flat roofs in the private segment are usually used in the construction of garages and outbuildings. Recently, however, they have begun to be used a little more often in connection with the fashion to create terraces on the roof of the house, sports grounds, lawns, and sometimes real gardens with a well-equipped seating area.
On a flat roof, if desired, you can break a lawn 
A flat roof of a private house can be a great place to equip a recreation area with a fireplace. 
The flat roof of a private house allows you to bring to life the most daring design projects 
A small green garden can be arranged on a flat roof
The roof got its name due to the fact that its surface consists of slopes, which are located at a certain angle of inclination. The latter is expressed as a percentage, and it is thanks to this that all precipitation is removed from the roof surface. On the basis of the design features of pitched roofs, the following varieties are distinguished:
It is pitched roofs that are most often used in private construction due to their wide variety and reliable design. To choose the right option correctly, you need to carefully study all their varieties.
This is the name of the roof, which consists of one plane. The slope (from 4 to 6 °) is formed due to the fact that the rafters of the structure are supported by external walls at different heights. The most simple construction in all respects, moreover, does not require large cash costs.
A small garden house equipped with a pitched roof looks compact and attractive
However, due to its simplicity, which is considered its main disadvantage, it is not popular and is usually used in the construction of small country houses and outbuildings.
The shed roof has more than enough advantages:
Due to their easy installation, pitched roofs are often used in the construction of small country houses, garages and outbuildings.
You can create unusual design residential building, placing several pitched roofs in different parts of the building at different levels.
By placing several pitched roofs at different levels, you can create an unusual design for a residential building.
The selected type of roof is of great importance. Only not from a functional, but an aesthetic point of view. For example, a house under a shed roof made of galvanized sheet will look more like a barn, while the same building covered with tiles will take on a very spectacular look.
This is the most common option for the construction of private houses. The roof consists of two slopes supported by external walls of equal height.
Because of the triangular gable between the ramps, which resembles tongs, the gable roof is often called the gable
Due to the peculiarities of the configuration - a triangular pediment between the slopes, resembling tongs in shape - a gable roof is often called a gable roof. A very robust design that can withstand heavy rain and snow, withstand gusts of wind and protect from the cold. And it looks much more interesting than a pitched one.
The pluses include:
There are almost no downsides as such, except that it is not recommended to make such a roof in places where storm winds are raging - due to poor streamlining, it can simply be ripped off.
The slope angle of the gable roof is chosen based on the amount of precipitation in the region. The more there are, the stronger the bias should be.
As for the features of the construction, the main thing is to carefully observe the technology, since to create such a roof, a large number of elements are required, in addition to the basic rafters and Mauerlat: crossbars, stops, racks, etc. All components (including steam and waterproofing, insulation and type of roofing) must be taken into account when creating a drawing.
When creating a drawing of a gable roof, you need to take into account all structural elements, including insulation, hydro and vapor barrier
One of the options for a gable structure, when the slopes either differ in length or are located under different angles tilt. The visible advantages are unambiguously an unusual design, thanks to which you can stand out from the background of other buildings.
With regard to performance, such a roof will allow you to maximally adapt to weather terrain, especially if they are consistent. The roof can be positioned so that there is a gentler slope on the side from which the winds most often blow, and a steeper slope on the leeward side, which will reduce snow loads.
An asymmetric roof can be positioned so that there is a gentler slope on the windy side and a steeper slope on the leeward side, which will reduce snow loads
Thanks to the asymmetric structure of the roof, the attic can be used much more functionally, especially if it is planned to equip it for living quarters. Moreover, it can cover a veranda or a garage attached to the house, which will significantly save financially.
Of the shortcomings, the complexity of the calculations and the installation of the structure itself should be highlighted. Competently calculating the number and pitch of the rafters, choosing the right material for the frame and roof is necessary even at the stage of project creation. In this regard, it is best not to do all the work yourself, but to turn to professionals.
The main difference between this design is the presence of broken slopes. In this case, the upper slopes are created flat, the lower ones - falling. Thanks to this technique, you can significantly increase the area of the attic, which will be called the attic.
The mansard roof will significantly increase the living area of the house due to the large attic space (attic)
As a rule, architects do not pass by the opportunity to make the most of the usable area, therefore attics are most often equipped for living quarters. Difficulties with the construction of such a roof usually do not arise, but the problem of insulation should be given as much attention as possible.
If you have a small attic, you do not need to hem the ceiling. This will visually expand the room.
This design has four slopes. Two of them are frontal - triangular(they are called hips), and the other two are made in the shape of a trapezoid. The features of the construction of hip roofs include the need to install double-tightened beams and install gutters on each slope at a mandatory angle of 45 °.
Hips are the frontal roof slopes in the shape of a triangle, the other two slopes are in the shape of a trapezoid
Of the advantages, it should be highlighted:
The disadvantages include:
The hip roof looks respectable, but requires complex calculations and installation
The difference between this design and the previous one is that the hips are noticeably shortened here and have a truncated appearance. In fact, this is the same double-leaf roof, the gables of which are covered with a hip, and the slopes at the same time acquire the shape of a trapezoid.
Due to the absence of sharp corners, half-hip roofs are suitable for windy regions
A construction that is quite complex in execution, requiring both professional skills and a large consumption of materials, which is one of its undoubted disadvantages. Positive points the same as for hip roofs. Plus, this design, due to the presence of fronts, allows you to equip the attic with windows.
Due to the difficulty of erecting half-hip roofs, it is recommended to give preference in windy regions. This is due to their special stability due to the absence of sharp corners.
What it is, you can understand from the name. Such a roof resembles a tent in shape, and its peculiarity is that all the slopes are symmetrical, have the shape of a triangle and converge at one point.
A hipped roof can only be erected on buildings with a regular square or polygonal shape.
It is possible to erect such a roof if there is one main condition - the box itself must have a regular square or polygonal shape. Sometimes the base can be rectangular. The main thing is that each of the roof slopes should look like an equilateral triangle, and their tops are connected in one center without a long ridge.
The design requires professional execution, as it has a very tricky rafter system. When choosing a roof covering for a hipped roof, it is recommended to avoid sheet materials, because the amount of waste will be enormous.
Of the pros, it is worth highlighting only the chic appearance.
It is used in cases where the project involves a complex polygonal shape of a house with all kinds of extensions. Surprisingly beautiful, but at the same time the most complex construction.
The peculiarities of its construction are due to the presence of many joints, internal and external corners, kinks. All joints of these elements are potentially dangerous in terms of the likelihood of leaks, therefore, it is recommended to trust the installation of such a roof only to trusted specialists.
Multi-gable structures are the most difficult to implement due to the many joints, kinks, inner and outer corners.
The advantages of a multi-gable roof include:
Not very often used yet, but very interesting design executed in oriental style... The features of the construction include the need to use curved elements to create a frame and flexible or soft roofing material.
For the domed roof, curved frame elements and flexible roofing material are used.
Such a roof is usually erected over round buildings, and since houses rarely have this shape, it is mainly used over individual building elements (such as turrets, round terraces or a winter garden).
Very beautiful and robust construction, which does not care about any vagaries of the weather. But it is extremely difficult and expensive to execute.
Another name is arched. It is mounted on arched rafters and requires a flexible roof covering. This is not to say that the design is not used in the construction of private houses, but still it is not very popular.
The vaulted roof is mounted on arched rafters and is able to give the house an exclusive look
Most often it is equipped with public and warehouses... As for private construction, in it the structure is used only to cover individual elements of a building or when erecting Art Nouveau houses.
There are no significant drawbacks to the vaulted roof, it is simply completely impractical for use in private construction. However, it can become a real decoration of any home with a well-executed design.
Due to the very sharp slopes during installation, an acute angle is created, as a result of which a spire is formed. Undoubtedly, a beautiful construction in the Gothic style, but absolutely impractical, and therefore almost never used in the construction of private houses. It is relevant only as a decorative element that adorns all kinds of turrets on a house or a domed roof.
Spire roofs can be a great decorative element for your home.
The design of such coatings includes several types of roofs at once. That is, due to the combination, for example, multi-gable, dome and hip (three in one, and sometimes more), a completely new form roofs.
By combining options, architects can create uniquely shaped roof structures
A building equipped in this way is very attractive and has its own flavor, nevertheless, it is worth remembering that the work on creating such a structure will require not only professionalism, but also very impressive funds.
Architects work tirelessly in their offices to surprise clients with unusual solutions. For this reason, it makes no sense to present all their delights, since they are practically not used in private construction. Of the more or less acceptable options, the following can be distinguished:
Chinese architectural forms are successfully used in private construction
In addition to general factors, individual moments also affect the choice of a roof: what kind of structure it is, what size it is, what it will be built from and for what purposes it is intended.
Main feature frame house is its lightness. Therefore, it is not recommended to overload it with complex and heavy structures.
If you still want to make the roof unusual, then you should be prepared for the fact that you have to attach (anchor) the house to the foundation. The most acceptable options for a frame house are such types of roofs as gable and hipped. You can also consider a hip design as an option.
As a rule, one-story buildings are based on a lightweight foundation. Therefore, the roofs for them should also not be heavy.
For a small house, a lean-to design would be a good option, which will give the structure an originality and at the same time will not require special construction costs. In general, for one-story buildings, a gable roof is most often chosen. This is the most common option.
For one-story houses most often they choose a gable roof, this is the most common option
In this case, there are no special restrictions. The main thing is that the roof harmoniously fits into the overall design of the building and was chosen taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region. Otherwise, it all depends on taste, desire and budget.
Restrictions on the choice of roof for two-story house practically not, it all depends on the budget and preferences of the owner
Restrictions - zero. You can choose any roof - as you wish.
For a house from a bar, you can choose any roof option
Naturally, no one will make a domed or multi-gable roof over a garage or utility block. In this case, it is worth proceeding from the cost and functionality.
Garage and utility block can be combined under one double roof
The most budgetary option would be a regular flat roof. In second place, you can put single-slope design... The third option is gable. Such a roof will cost more, but the attic space, which can be used for household purposes, will become a bonus.
Today, the roofs of private houses are striking in variety. Options are available for the most sophisticated tastes and for all climates. The main thing is to take a responsible approach to the choice. And then the roof will serve for a long time and reliably protect the house.
Roof construction is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the climatic zone. Its second function is aesthetic.
Who doesn't want to live in a beautiful home? A spectacular roof can be the highlight of the entire structure and even a local landmark.
The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.
The flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. Absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in an area with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.
A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, roofing often involves several slopes.
The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the living area. attic floor... The attic roof is at the same time overlapping the upper floor.
When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living space or a storage room on it.
Shed roof tilted to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design effectively uses the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.
Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will allow you to achieve an attractive result.
A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.
The slope should facilitate its natural clearing of snow and water. This design is suitable for the equipment of the attic, it is quickly and inexpensively assembled, and opens up wide possibilities for design.
Chetyrehskatnaya hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in gable version... The downside of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of the construction.
The original half-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. It can have two or four slopes. The spectacular appearance hides the complexity of installation and roofing.
The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should be rectangular or square. A good option coverings will be metal or slate.
The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for non-standard architecture houses with annexes. The complexity of the design, which includes many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.
A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant construction is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.
The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing the attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.
Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunity to create a functional and aesthetic option. back side medals - construction, design and maintenance are fraught with difficulties.
The architecture of the house also plays a role in the choice of the shape of the roof: for example, to the structure in classic style a gable or multi-gable is more suitable. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make the right choice.
In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of advantages obtained. Perhaps the most important of them is an additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.
A well-organized ventilation and thermal insulation system in the attic will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Roof-mounted windows provide the room with maximum natural light.
Before starting work, make sure load-bearing walls and the foundation will withstand new loads.
The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º (the upper part may be at an angle of 25-35º).
Traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. The suitable angle of inclination of the roof for its use is 13-60º.
Not suitable for flat roofs, as precipitation into the cracks will reduce the service life. Bituminous slate is applied starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the lathing depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.
Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, it can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. Among its advantages are strength and durability.
Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metal profile is a good alternative to slate. You can choose the color you like.
Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than full coverage. Represents soft material black color.
The shingles have high decorative qualities, reliable and lightweight. Produced by the most different colors... The high cost of the roof can discourage the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to strengthen ventilation and waterproofing.
Perhaps the most popular roofing of a private house is metal. It can be used from a 15º incline.
Bituminous shingles will repeat the surface of any curvature, therefore it will become good choice for an unusual roof (for example, a dome). The minimum angle of inclination is 12º.
In the modern concept, the roof of a house is not only a covering, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building that can emphasize its individuality and originality, and change the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will also affect the interior atmosphere, comfort and coziness.
Whatever it was, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used in the construction of a private house.
If we consider all roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.
Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the absence of a slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the lifespan of a flat roof is drastically reduced, making it appear less acceptable than a pitched roof structure. Often, a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).
Pitched roof much preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face face to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and its difficult to repair.
Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roof. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages, you need to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point will be the decision on the attic, will it be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the ceiling, its quality and the materials used for its construction will be decided, as well as what the roofing cake should be, heat and waterproofing.
Attic (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be roof surfaces located at a sharp angle. This roof is interesting externally, but the usable area of the attic space will be slightly reduced, as needed good fastening roofs. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own; it is better to attract professionals.
In most cases, a roof without an attic has a kink, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, reducing the usable area of the attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the props can be sheathed with plywood, after which niches and cabinets for seasonal things can be made there.
Shed roof - a cheap and easy-to-install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is comfortable and practical, but very boring in appearance, and you cannot equip an attic under it.
Gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the most ancient, but it is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes, connected at the top of the ridge. The gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip an attic.
Hip roof - variety hipped roof... The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its performance, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.
Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and a gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a half-hip shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. Vertical windows can be placed on the pediment of the building, and half-hips will become a decorative element.
Tent - the structure of this roof has 3 or more slopes, which are collected in one upper point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then a hipped roof will be the best solution. It is resistant to winds, is original in appearance and is able to reliably protect the house.
Multi-gable roof - the most difficult, expensive, but at the same time interesting option... Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. Rafter system a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is mandatory here. If all goes well, you can eventually get your dream home.
Sloping roof - a kind of attic roof, because it is under it that the attic is often equipped. The upper part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a break and the angle increases sharply, thereby the usable area of the attic will practically not suffer, and its side walls will be reliably protected.
Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because practically no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use and difficult to repair. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.
Combination roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped roof, hip roof and multi-gable roof. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, cause envy among neighbors and delight among your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and you need to spend capital on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth deciding only for the owner of the home.
