Each host uses the space under the roof, in different ways, depending on the goals set. Someone suits the bedroom here, someone is a spacious living room, someone is a hall designed to play table tennis or billiards. Some hosts have successfully equipped the children's room in this territory. And some sure that the best way For this space - winter Garden. How many people, so many solutions. But everyone comes to one conclusion: the view that opens from the windows of the upper floor is uniquely amazing.
Installation scheme insulation.
The load on the "attic" floor, compared with the floors located below, is too small, so there is a minimum number of supporting structures. This contributes to the creation of the most spacious, even "air" premises. - This is a residential premises located in the attic space. It received such a name by the name of the French architect F. Mansar. It was he who first began to use the attic for residential and economic purposes.
In order for the attic to become attic, it will be necessary to fulfill some complex of fairly simple works. First you need to think about the important question about how to make a daylight fall into the room. Before equiping an attic, the owner needs to decide whether this space will be used with benefit in cold period time. If warm attic is needed, then you need to warm correctly attic room.
Since the attic, as a rule, has a sufficiently large total area for contact with the external environment, its heat loss, especially during the winter months, is too large and represent somewhere 20 - 25% of the heat loss of the whole building. The purpose of this owner will be to make the leakage of expensive energy minimal. Achieving such an effect will be quite possible, subject to the creation of the most reliable protective screen from a qualitative material intended for thermal insulation.
However, an equally important condition for its achievement is also the use of it in the most accurate circumstances with the weathered insulation technologies. The warm screen will also perform a rescue function for attic to summer period In case of possible overheating.
Thermal insulation of the attic is an extremely important and necessary construction process. In many respects, the durability and reliability of this room depends on it, so the option of saving funds spent on the purchase of materials for insulation is completely inappropriate.
The modern market of thermal insulation materials is rich and diverse. Mansard construction First of all, insulation will require insulation with such properties as high environmental friendliness, fire safety, minimum hygroscopicity, as well as very high water resistance.
Wherein an important point It is the mandatory presence of the entire characteristics listed above. The lack of in this heat insulating material of any of the listed qualities, for example, not very good water resistance or not high hygroscopicity, worsens its thermal resistance and, as a result, leads to a serious change of not only its dimensions, but also the deterioration of its strength characteristics. . All these shortcomings will be shown in the loss of heat and a significant deterioration of living conditions.
Creating heat protection Attic, it is necessary to cut the insulation slabs as much as possible, be sure to remember that even the smallest gap will show itself and will serve as a source through which leakage from the premises of precious heat occurs. remember, that heat insulation material It is stacked under and above rafters, and not only between them. The combined method is also not excluded. At the same time, the plates are mounted by versions between the rafters, as well as over (under) them into the crate of the attic itself.
By installing the insulation slabs, there is a need to protect it from the possibility of entering and leakage of water, wind penetration and drops of steam, which are formed indoors. For this purpose, reliable hydro and windproofs are used, as well as vaporizolation (vapor barrier and waterproofing films, superdiffusion membrane of grinding, etc.).
Another important point that you need to remember when performing the roof design is the need for ventilation. Speaking about, you need to remind you that special attention should be paid to the implementation of the insulation of the attic windows. Especially important is to ensure the estimated thickness of the insulation is absolutely equally over the entire contour of the window opening, otherwise in those places where the lower thickness of the insulation will be observed, freezing is possible.
We do with the help of insulation in a layered masonry located between an external protective decorative layer of finishing and bearing wall. In order to perform the prevention of possible accumulation of moisture in the insulation, the use of vaporizolation is recommended.
If the system with the name "ventilated facade" was used in the design of the walls of this room, when there is a gap between the insulation and the protective-decorative cladding, then for the maximum protection of such thermal insulation from blowing heat from the gap and moisture, As a rule, a hydraulic displacement membrane is used. It is not necessary to insulate if the roof of this room was insulated, starting from above and continuing to Niza himself. We produce only after floor insulation.
The heat insulation of the walls is produced like this: on the back side of the racks that are supports of the future wall, after 30 - 40 cm stuffed wooden rails. It is for them that it is necessary to make laying heat insulation. Heavy insulation sheets, sliced \u200b\u200bpre- desired size, very tight fit between supports. From above, the entire surface of the future wall is covered with vaporizolation and in the same way, how the ceiling is made, they are laid by rail.
Parosolation of the attic will be able to provide maximum tightness, and its joints are necessarily sampled with the help of tape. The ceiling insulation is usually performed by laying the following layers: Parobarrier, insulation, hydrobrier, floor, flooring. Such a "puff pastry" will be all 100% preventing the output of warm air from the premises located below. Usually, either minvatu or foam is used as a heater.
If you have decided to make the insulation of the attachment of the attic with the help of minvati, the more advantageous option will be the use of mats from Minvati. They do not settle over time and much better hold the form. Stop minvatu needed in two layers.
Option compared to the use of minvati - the option is less desirable. Definitely, the heat of foam holds well, but, in turn, he does not prevent the penetration and appearance of mice. However, the use of polyfoam is quite acceptable. It is advisable to make laying of foam sheets in two layers. Therefore, it turns out that it is necessary to acquire sheets with a thickness of 50 mm. And then they are placed between the rafters so that the joints belonging to the sheets of the first layer did not coincide with the joints of the sheets from the other layer.
House with an attic is not only an additional living area, but also a respectable kind of building. Even if the room under the roof is made unheated and is used only in the summer, it still creates a powerful "airbag", which helps to delay heat inside the capital all building.
And about, then - read on our portal.
Constituting the scheme of the attitudes of the attic, it is best to do this in different projections to see and understand the placement of all elements rafter system. It is very important to correctly calculate the height of the roof of the roof, as it will be directly dependent on it under it.
By making a scheme-project building of the attic roof, you need to calculate the height of the skate, ceiling and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
The minimum height from the floor to the skate should be 2.5- 2.7 m, but if this distance is less, the room is not an attic, it can only be called an attic. This parameter is set to SNiP standards.
In order for all the elements to be drawn up accurately and had the desired location in the overall system, it is necessary to repel from the shape with straight corners, that is, a rectangle or square - cross-section of the attached indoor room. Based on the parties (height and width of the future room), it will be almost impossible to make a mistake with the values \u200b\u200bof the corners under which The roofs are located, with the location of the skate, rafters and all retaining elements. Determining these parameters, they immediately need to be included in the drawing.
First you need to find the middle of the width of the front wall. Stripping from this point, the parameters of the height of the skate, the future ceiling of the attic, the location of the rack walls and the size of the cornese swelling are determined.
Due to the fact that each of the designs has a certain number of connecting nodes, which have different configurations, it will be not bad for each of these bundles separately to understand their singularities of the interface between themselves all the elements connecting at this point.
Any rafter system consists of basic elements and additional, which may not be in each design. The main components of the attic roof are related.
To be sure that the project prepared is designed correctly, you need to show it a specialist. Only he can determine whether the attitresses of the attic to the width and the length of the wall walls are correct.
If the graphic project is ready, then pushing out of the sizes made on it, you can calculate the number of materials necessary for the construction of the attic roof. You need to choose materials according to their characteristics that must meet the requirements of fire and environmental safety. For wood, it is necessary to provide special treatment with antipirens, which will reduce the flammability of the material. So, it will take for construction:
Rafters - elements of the roof, which will perceive the main external loads, therefore, they are completely special requirements for their cross section.
The size of the required lumber will depend on many parameters - from the step between the rapid legs, from the length of these legs between the points of the support, from the snow and wind load falling on them.
The geometric parameters of the construction of the rafter system is easy to determine in the drawing. But with the other parameters - you will have to refer to the reference material and conduct some calculations.
Snow load is not the same for different regions of our country. The figure below shows a map on which the entire territory of Russia is divided into zones on the intensity of snow load.
In total such zones - eight (the last, eighth, it is rather extreme, and it can be not considered for the construction of an attic roof).
Now you can accurately define a snow load that will depend on the corner of the roof of the roof. For this, there is the following formula:
S \u003d SG × μ
SG.- Table value - see the map and the table attached to it
μ — a correction coefficient depending on the roof ridge steepness.
It is characteristic that if the attic roof has a broken design, then the load may have different values \u200b\u200bfor different parts.
The angle of the covered roof can always be determined or transported - according to the drawing, or by a simple ratio of height and base of the triangle (as a rule - half of the width of the span):
Wind load also mainly depends on the building of the building and on the characteristics of its environment and the height of the roof.
And again, initial data on the map and the table attached to it are determined at first.
The calculation for a particular building will be carried out according to the formula:
WP \u003d W × K × C
W. - tabular value, depending on the region
k. - The coefficient, taking into account the height of the building and its location (see the table)
The table shows the following zones:
from - The coefficient depending on the preemptive direction of the wind (the roses of the winds of the region) and on the angle of inclination of the roof.
With this coefficient, the situation is somewhat more complicated, since the wind can have a double effect on the roof raids. So, it has a direct, overturning effect directly on the roofing rods. But at low angles, the aerodynamic effect of the wind takes particular importance - it is trying to raise the plane of the skate at the expense of the arising lift forces.
In the patterns of the circuits and the tables attached to them, the roofs susceptible to maximum wind loads are indicated and the corresponding coefficients are indicated for the calculation.
It is characteristic that at the corners of the slope up to 30 degrees (and this is quite possible on the site of the skate rafters), the coefficients are indicated and with a plus sign, and negative, that is, directed upwards. They are somewhat quenched by the front wind load (this is taken into account during the calculations), and in order to level the impact of the lifting force, it will be necessary to very carefully fix the rafter system and roofing material In this area, using additional connections, for example, using an anneched steel wire.
After the wind and snow load calculated, they can be summed up, and, taking into account constructive features The system being created, determine the cross-section of the rafted boards.
Please note that the data is shown for the most frequently used coniferous material (pine, spruce, cedar or larch). The table shows maximum length Slinge between points of support, cross-section of the board, depending on the types of material, and from the step between the rafters.
The value of the total load is indicated in the kPa (kilopascals). Calculate this value in more familiar kilograms per square meter - easy. With a completely allowable rounding, you can accept: 1 kPa ≈ 100 kg / m².
The size of the size of the board by its cross section is rounded to standard sizes sawn timber.
| cross section of rafted (mm) | Distance between adjacent rafters (mm) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300 | 600 | 900 | 300 | 600 | 900 | ||
| 1.0 kPa | 1.5 kPa | ||||||
| higher | 40 × 89. | 3.22 | 2.92 | 2.55 | 2.81 | 2.55 | 2.23 |
| 40 × 140. | 5.06 | 4.60 | 4.02 | 4.42 | 4.02 | 3.54 | |
| 50 × 184. | 6.65 | 6.05 | 5.28 | 5.81 | 5.28 | 4.61 | |
| 50 × 235. | 8.50 | 7.72 | 6.74 | 7.42 | 6.74 | 5.89 | |
| 50 × 286. | 10.34 | 9.40 | 8.21 | 9.03 | 8.21 | 7.17 | |
| 1 or 2 | 40 × 89. | 3.11 | 2.83 | 2.47 | 2.72 | 2.47 | 2.16 |
| 40 × 140. | 4.90 | 4.45 | 3.89 | 4.28 | 3.89 | 3.40 | |
| 50 × 184. | 6.44 | 5.85 | 5.11 | 5.62 | 5.11 | 4.41 | |
| 50 × 235. | 8.22 | 7.47 | 6.50 | 7.18 | 6.52 | 5.39 | |
| 50 × 286. | 10.00 | 9.06 | 7.40 | 8.74 | 7.66 | 6.25 | |
| 3 | 40 × 89. | 3.06 | 2.78 | 2.31 | 2.67 | 2.39 | 1.95 |
| 40 × 140. | 4.67 | 4.04 | 3.30 | 3.95 | 3.42 | 2.79 | |
| 50 × 184. | 5.68 | 4.92 | 4.02 | 4.80 | 4.16 | 3.40 | |
| 50 × 235. | 6.95 | 6.02 | 4.91 | 5.87 | 5.08 | 4.15 | |
| 50 × 286. | 8.06 | 6.98 | 6.70 | 6.81 | 5.90 | 4.82 | |
| total Snow and Wind Load | 2.0 KPA | 2.5 kPa | |||||
| higher | 40 × 89. | 4.02 | 3.65 | 3.19 | 3.73 | 3.39 | 2.96 |
| 40 × 140. | 5.28 | 4.80 | 4.19 | 4.90 | 4.45 | 3.89 | |
| 50 × 184. | 6.74 | 6.13 | 5.35 | 6.26 | 5.69 | 4.97 | |
| 50 × 235. | 8.21 | 7.46 | 6.52 | 7.62 | 6.92 | 5.90 | |
| 50 × 286. | 2.47 | 2.24 | 1.96 | 2.29 | 2.08 | 1.82 | |
| 1 or 2 | 40 × 89. | 3.89 | 3.53 | 3.08 | 3.61 | 3.28 | 2.86 |
| 40 × 140. | 5.11 | 4.64 | 3.89 | 4.74 | 4.31 | 3.52 | |
| 50 × 184. | 6.52 | 5.82 | 4.75 | 6.06 | 5.27 | 4.30 | |
| 50 × 235. | 7.80 | 6.76 | 5.52 | 7.06 | 6.11 | 4.99 | |
| 50 × 286. | 2.43 | 2.11 | 1.72 | 2.21 | 1.91 | 1.56 | |
| 3 | 40 × 89. | 3.48 | 3.01 | 2.46 | 3.15 | 2.73 | 2.23 |
| 40 × 140. | 4.23 | 3.67 | 2.99 | 3.83 | 3.32 | 2.71 | |
| 50 × 184. | 5.18 | 4.48 | 3.66 | 4.68 | 4.06 | 3.31 | |
| 50 × 235. | 6.01 | 5.20 | 4.25 | 5.43 | 4.71 | 3.84 | |
| 50 × 286. | 6.52 | 5.82 | 4.75 | 6.06 | 5.27 | 4.30 | |
Naturally, during operation, do not do without tools, the list of which includes:
Installation will be accelerated if the tools for work are high-quality, and the work will be carried out with competent mentors, with assistants, neatly and stages.
It is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of performance of work - only with this condition, the design will be reliable and durable.
Installation of any rafter system begins with fixing on the end of the side walls of the structure of a powerful reference bruus - MauerlatTo which it will be convenient to install rafting legs. Maurylalat is made of high-quality bar with a cross section of at least 100 × 150 mm. It is stacked necessarily on the heel of the wall (regardless of the material) waterproofing from the rubberoid.
Due to Mauerlat, the load will be evenly distributed over the walls and transmitted to the foundation of the stations.
Malelalat is fixed to the wall using metal studs, which are in advance in a concrete belt or a crown, which runs along the top edge of the wall, or an anchor bolt with a diameter of 12 mm. They must enter into the depths of no less than 150 — 170 mm. If Maurylalat is installed on wooden wall, then the bars are attached to it with the help of wooden brazing.
Overlapping beams, fixed over Mauerlat (Fig. A) 
Another option - only rafting legs are attached to Mauerlat 
Fasteners for timing
When the rafter system is built, you can proceed to finishing it and the materials associated with them.
A roofing material is fixed on the prepared crate or phaneer. Its installation usually begins on the roof cornice and passes the order, from one of the edges - depending on the type of roof. Roofing sheets are mounted in the mustache. If a metal profile or metal tile is used for the coating, then such material is fixed with special self-strains with elastic gaskets. Fasteners are usually selected in color to roofing material.
The most complex in the coverage of the nuclear lone of the roof is the transition from the urinary side rafters to hanging skating. There may be certain difficulties in the event that there are projections for the roofing device over the balconies or windows.
In addition, if a chimney tube comes to the roof, it requires a separate design of the hole inside the rafting system and the insulating layer, and on the root, around the pipe of reliable waterproofing.
How and the better to cover the roof, you can learn in detail on the seam portal, there is a whole section in which you can find answers to many questions, including recommendations on reliable insulation of the attic room.
Professor
It should be noted that work on the construction of any roof, and even more so difficult, as an attic, not only is responsible, but also is quite dangerous, requires special, increased security measures. If there is no experience in carrying out such building processes, it is better to trust their execution by professionals or perform all actions under the control of the experienced master, and in compliance with maximum caution and accuracy.
The arrangement of it is the easiest and fast way increase the number useful Square. Rooms in the attic acquire a romantic range and become a favorite place of the area of \u200b\u200bhouseholds. The main advantage of these premises is a large amount of fresh air and light. But it is necessary to approach with all the responsibility, otherwise you risk becoming a hostage of weather conditions.
On the shape of a nursery roof can be any, but most often it is double. And if it is also broken, then when it is assisted, the space is used the most rational. Huge plus mansard floor The fact that its construction is much more economical than the construction of a full-fledged floor with capital walls.
The power construction of the roof where the attic or the one under which the residential premises will not be different. The strength and stability of the roof completely depends on its rafter system.
Rafyla - This is the main carrier roof design. They must withstand both the weight of the roof and the load in the form of precipitation and wind. The rafting system is calculated based on the selected roofing material, as well as depending on the climatic conditions of the area.
For the construction of a power rafter system, a black metal according to GOST, a galvanized thin-walled cold-made profile or tree, as well as combinations of black metal and a galvanized profile, made of metal and wood are used. In hard-to-reach places, it is better to use a thin-walled profile.
The choice of material directly depends on the length of the flights to be blocked. For long distances, black metal or farm is suitable.
It is very important to use only lung materials and designs for the construction of an additional floor. Dignity thin-wing profile It is that it does not require welding and can be assembled on the place on bolted connections or ripples.
A tree, like the material, is also well suited, but requires additional antiseptic processing.
From the bearing structures, rafters, frames or farms are erected. They are mounted on Maurylalat, and then roses are made on them. If the step is big, it also becomes part of the power structures.
Mauerlat. - This is part of the roofing system in the form of a bar laid on the perimeter of the wall and falls from the lower rapid support.
An important task is how to make a naked mansard, that is, to organize insulation pie. The difference between the residential premises from just a roof - in the need for its thermal insulation. As an additional load, all insulation does not significantly affect the power structure of the roof.
The main principle in design is that the power construction should be made either in warm outlineOr in cold, but not to be in the middle. Preferably warm accommodation, then the entire insulation pie comes out.
The most common mistakes:
As a result of non-compliance construction technologiesMany get a deplorable result, even if not immediately. To avoid this, consider in detail how to do.
Before the construction of the attic of the attic, with their own hands it will be necessary to make a drawing. If you do not own, for example, the AutoCAD program, you can do it from hand. It is important that you visually seen the projection of your attic in front, on the side and its top view.
To begin with, mark the bearing walls of your home on the sight of the front (looking at the frontone of the building).
So, let's say there is a house with such initial parameters:
In fact, the attic is a frame consisting of several racks, beams and rafters.
If the length of the transverse overlap exceeds 6m, and, accordingly, one beam cannot do, then the upper part of the attic can be made in the form of a farm with a rack, a shrengel and an additional rack. In the side part, the Springs can also be installed, which cut rafters. In this case, these details do not need.
When calculating you, you must at hand should be a set of rules and tables on the technical standards of construction, which is called "load and impact". In it are not only given general provisions, but also formulas with coefficients, such as melting, snow demolition and the uneven distribution of the roof area.
Holding how to build an attic, it is necessary to remember that 4 types of loads are operating at it:
Also, the sakeful force rafters especially acts when the wind blows to the fronton of the building. These loads are calculated by formulas using the appropriate aerodynamic coefficient.
Installation sequence:
If the house is fully frame, then you need to install such links in the first floor overlap. If the house is reinforced concrete, then in the upper part of the overlap and so the belief belt passes and does not need it in relationships.
In some cases, it is also necessary to provide for the relationship of rigidity in rafters. If the roofing coating is a professional flooring or metal tile, then the rafter is no longer necessary to strengthen: leaf material and so will serve as a diaphragm of rigidity, if it is highly installed.
Fastening the elements to each other may be the most diverse, for example, brackets with nails, wooden or metal lining, MZP (metal gear plates, whose teeth are driven by a sledge hammer). It is important to remember that the length of the nails should be at least twice the thickness of the board that you feed.
Depending on the selected roofing coating, the congestion of the attitudes is laid in the final attachment.
The laughter is a design of BRUSEV, which are stacked perpendicular to the rafter feet, attaching to them. The functions of the doors are to accept the weight of roofing, reliably holding it in place.
Leaf Oopsit is a solid inches and is performed from cutting boards of 25mm. Width should be no more than 140mm, since wide boards They have a property to deform. If there is more than 1m between rafters, then it may be necessary to participate the course of rafted with special bars, and then upload boards. Next is placed rubberoid or pergamine, and the roofing material is spread from above. It should be noted that such a dohes makes the roof of the extraordinarily reliable and suitable for absolutely all types of coatings, reducing noise from the rain.
Grooming under metal tilemake a cleaned and, if possible, adjust the tile waves. Mounted from edged boards 25 (30) x 100mm in 80-100 cm increments. The peculiarity is that the hydraulic proceeding membrane is strengthened before mounting on the rafter. The first from the cornice board should be set above the rest to the height of the tile wave. If short boards are used, their joints are better to have a checker.
Dooming under ceramichelerpitsa And other piece elements are considered the most difficult. The work also begins with the installation of the hydrobrilever, and then the cutting gear of 50 x 50mm bars is made. The complexity is to keep the exact rhythm between the elements, since one step is equal to the covering surface of one tile.
There are always several approaches to the process of any construction. Here we have described how to make a attic of your own hands on the already erected house, however, there are cases when the attic is going to position on earth and put on its place with the help of a crane, and then it is already strengthened in the right places.
In our time, it is quite explained by the desire to effectively use the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house, so many immediately plan the construction of the attic at the design stage of the house, or in a certain way, as well as remove the roof, and attach the attic floor with their own hands to the old house.
In fact, the attic is an attic, the design of which is regulated by the standp standards, which entails alterations not only the roofs, but also changes in the heat and waterproofing of the upper extension.
In order for the attic to her own hands, it was reliable, did not harm the carrier walls and the foundation of the house, and served for a long time, it is necessary to understand the specifics and knowledge of the design features of this type of superstructure. In the article, let's talk about, from which materials you can make an extension, as well as about the specifics and nuances phased construction Mansard do it yourself.
Mansard floor with her hands above the garage
The construction of the attic of the attic of them begins with the choice of the object of the extension, the most suitable construction to the main structure, and the manufacture of the project. For the add-in use: four-tight, dome, etc. determine the materials, the design features of the building and the specificity, which is assigned to the completion.
Depending on the special main building in the construction of the attic usually use standard solutions.
1. Double; 2.ometric double; 3. Upon-level; 4.Murry
The house is built on the foundation, which is specifically designed for the weight of the structure. If the attic is scheduled initially, the load is calculated and laid at the planning stage of the attic, so the attic floor can be constructed from any materials: a monolithic attic of concrete, from brick, foam concrete, metal structures, from a rolled log. But if the superstructure of the attic floor is carried out after the construction of the house, then the weight of the superstructure must be calculated in accordance with the load on the foundation and the bearing walls. Accordingly, the add-in does not damage the house, the material must be light, for example, wooden bar, frame-shield structuresIn some cases, the construction is made from aerated concrete, which has good warmth and vapor insulation properties, and sip panels.
Dersighted Floor Projects implies use for walls different materialsBut, in fact, the design of the attic - these are pitched roofs, relying on the walls. Of course, B. different versions The attic of the attic floor has its own characteristics, but in general they consist of the following elements:
The minimum distance from the floor to the highest point of the ceiling in accordance with the SNIP should be 2, 5 m. If the height is smaller, then the room is an attic.
Building attic with your own hands, the main connecting nodes:
A - skate knot. B - raftered + screed + rack. In - raftered + ceiling beam G - ceiling beam + rack + boar. D - rack + pitch
Dersighted walls are attracted as much as possible to the walls of the main structure, so it is extremely difficult to achieve a comfortable heat exchange. It is very important to correctly pick up materials for insulation, to make ventilation, the whole design should be erected in accordance with the drawing and calculations, and the wooden parts are processed by fire makeup.
Montage of attic with your own hands, how to fix the nodes
In order for the attic of the attic to their own hands, it is necessary to fulfill the conditions that are spelled out in the SNiP standards:
Construction of the attic with their own hands is associated with some difficulties, as the elements of the superstructure are at an angle, the installation of broken rods and requires the observance of the standards of SNiP in terms of "load and impact".
Performing an installation floor drawing independently need to accurately calculate the loads, tilt angles, the permissible weight of the structure, and in accordance with the preliminary calculations, to choose the appropriate type of attic and materials for construction.
The construction of the attic of the attic with their own hands from the installation of maulents around the perimeter of the house, usually the bar is used with a cross section of 100 * 100 mm.
Next, we build a frame for the room. The racks can be from a bar with a cross section of equal longitudinal beams, possibly from foam concrete or metal. Vertical racks are fixed in the corners of the structure of the rack, and then set the beams between them, with a step of no more than 2 meters, equal to the arrangement of the Menzard rafters. All parts are attached to metal corners, nail plates or self-tapping screws.
We build the frame of the indoor attic room, instead of vertical wooden racks, there may be a wall of foam concrete blocks or a metal frame
On top of the racks, we are tightened with a jumper and fix the design. With the help of a construction cord, follow the geometry of the construction.
On the resulting frame fastened lower rafters. The bar is cut to the calculated length, the groove is made for reliable mounting to Mauerlat, the top of the beam is cut off according to the calculated angle of inclination. Installation of the lower rafter is carried out at the place and securely fixed.
Montage of the attic with her own hands, photo fastening of the lower rafters, instead of vertical wooden racks, there may be a wall of foam concrete blocks or a metal frame
The next step is to install the upper rafters. The complexity consists in compliance with the angle and the construction of the structure as a whole.
Tip: In order for the attachment angle of the rafters not to be shot down, at the beginning of two boards, a template is made, which is exactly the compound of the rafted. The beams are trimmed by the template on Earth, and then installed on the frame.
Frames of attic with his own hands, setting up the top rafter design
Device of attic, construction of crates for roofing material
The next step is to create an insulating layer. It is recommended to use non-toxic and non-combustible materials, especially this is relevant if. On the inside stropile carcass We put vaporizolation, fastened it with brackets. Then, it is important that it fits tightly to the rafters, without cracks. On the heat insulating layer I mount the crate with a step of 500 mm, which will fix the insulation.
We build a naked mansard, installation of roofing material
The crate is placed in the waterproofing layer, which will protect the wooden elements from moisture. Roof stacked on waterproofing.
Construction of the attic with their own hands, video materials clearly demonstrate how in practice it is properly installed rafters.
This video presents typical errors made by mounting the attic floor.
If it is planned to complete the attic in an old private house or at the cottage, to arrange an additional living area, then in this case the question of dismantling the roof is relevant. Dismantling can be done with your own hands, be sure to follow the safety technique so that the beams do not hit you on your head.
The attitudes of the attic involves certain loads on the foundation and wall of the building. It is especially important to properly distribute the load on the walls, so before building the attic of the capping wall structures are carefully strengthened.
Important: When designing should take into account the strength of walls, taking into account the wear and power of the structure.The overlap of the old house is simultaneously the ceiling of the adjacent floor and the floor of the attic, so it is necessary to take into account the movement of warm and wet streams so that condensate is not formed in the ceiling, but as a result, rotting and fungi. To avoid problems, it is necessary and waterproofing overlap.
After the preparatory procedures are fulfilled, you can proceed to the attachment and construction of an attic floor. During the completion, it is important to strictly follow the design scheme for the construction of walls and. The project violation entails not only deviations from, as an incorrect distribution of load on the supporting structures can lead to the destruction of the walls and the foundation of the house.
The easiest and most reliable way to increase the useful living area in the old house is a manzard with your own hands. Video how to build a attic floor in frame housewill help to avoid global mistakes, and tells the nuances, how best to make an attic with their own hands. Work performed in accordance with the construction of an attic floor, guarantees reliability and safe operation Extension.
In modern world effective use Each square meter of living space is quite explained, so many people who want to acquire their own private house still at the design stage are planning to build attic. Also repair lovers with their own hands often refubinate the old attic room in the attic floor or attach additional superstructure to the old house.
So that the attic, which is erected with his own hands, turned out to be reliable and did not carry out excessive loads on the bearing walls of the structure or foundation, need to be aware of all specifics constructive features of superstructure of this type. Further, we will try to deal with the species of the attic floor, the specifics of its construction, examples of the photo, the designs of this type, as well as the main stages of how to make a attic.
The construction of the attic, as in principle, any other construction is starting with the choice of the type of construction of this room, as suitable as possible to the main construction. At the same time, constructive attic may vary by the type of roof: single, double or loaven roof . If speak about appearance mansard construction, it directly depends on the materials used when it is erected. At the same time, depending on the constructive features of the main building, the following types of attic space can be erected:
Each person encountered with the construction of houses knows that the main building is placed on the foundation, which is calculated on the basis of the mass of the structure. If the attic was introduced into general project, then additional load from her already laid in the foundation parameters. In such a situation, it is possible to build an additional floor from any available material.
However, if this was not done, that is, the construction of the attic occurs after the construction of the main building, it is necessary to calculate additional load on carrying construction Rooms and foundation. It is necessary so that the mass of the attic floor does not damage the construction. Therefore, easy building materials should be used for the construction of the premises: wood, aerated concrete or panel sip.
Build an attic with your own hands from various building materials but if you figure it out, then, in fact, such a superstructure is nothing more than scope roofLaying on the bearing walls. Of course, each induction floor system differs much depending on the design features of its construction, but in general consists of the following standard elements:
I would like to note that according to the standards prescribed in lowering the minimum distance from the floor surface to the highest part of the ceiling design, must be at least 250 cm. In case the height parameters do not match, then such a room is considered a attic.
The most important in the erection of the attic floor is rationally secured insulation, ventilation and adherence to all technological processes Taking into account the premises plan. In this case, all wooden parts of the design must processed by means, protecting them from moisture and fire. So that the attic floor spent over the years you need to adhere to all the rules and conditions for its construction:
because of technological features The design of the attic of her construction with their own hands is accompanied by certain difficulties. Performing drawing up the drawing of such a superstructure in calculations take into account all possible loads, the angle of inclination of the roof of the roof and the permissible mass of the room. At the same time, all stages of the construction of the attic floor will occur in accordance with the plan.
If the attic was planned, the construction of which will occur on the building of the old construction in order to obtain an additional residential space, then it is advisable to dismantle the old roof. Also during the construction of a new roofing system, it is necessary to correctly calculate the load on the bearing walls and the foundation of the house. It is important that the load is uniformly distributed, and the walls are additionally strengthened.
It is also necessary to understand that the overlap of the old building acts as the ceiling of the lower floor and the floor surface of the attic. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that in the resulting inter-storey space, warm and wet streams can occur, which can lead to the formation of condensate and as a result of fungus and rot.
After the preparation stage is completed, it is embarked in the construction of the floor allocated under the attic. In the process, when construction will occur, it is important to clearly adhere to the project plan for the structures of the walls and the roof of the room. Any deviation from the project may entail uneven load distribution, disruption of the geometry of the design of the attic and as a result, the destruction of the foundation of the building.
