Warm floor perfect solution For the improvement of their housing. The temperature of the floor directly depends on the length of the pipes of the warm floor hidden in the screed. The pipe in the floor is placed by loops. In fact, from the number of loops and their length and folds the total length of the pipe. It is clear than the longer the pipe in the same volume, the warmer floor. In this article, let's talk about the limitations for the length of one circuit of the warm floor.
Approximate calculated characteristics for pipes with a diameter of 16 and 20 mm are: 80-100 and 100-120 meters, respectively. These data are given approximately for approximate calculations. Let's consider the installation process and fill the warm floors in more detail.
We will understand which consequences can cause an increase in the length of the warm floor pipe. One of the reasons is an increase in hydraulic resistance, which will create an additional load on the hydraulic pump as a result of which it may fail or can simply can not cope with the task assigned to it. The resistance calculation consists of many parameters. Conditions, laying parameters. Material used pipes. Here are three main: length loop, the number of bends and thermal load on it.
It is worth noting that the thermal load with increasing loop grows. Also increases the flow rate and hydraulic resistance. The flow rate has limitations. It should not exceed 0.5 m / s. If we exceed this value, various noise effects may occur in the pipeline system. The main parameter also increases, for which this calculation is made. Hydraulic resistance of our system. It also has limitations. They constitute 30-40 kP per loop.
The following reason is that, with an increase in the length of the heated floor pipe, the pressure on the pipe walls, causing the elongation of this area during heating. The pipe located in the screed has nowhere to go. And she will begin to narrow in the very weak place. The narrowing can cause the flow overlap in the coolant. In pipes made from various material, different expansion coefficient. For example, in polymer pipes expansion coefficient is very high. All these parameters must be taken into account when installing a warm floor.
Therefore, to fill the tie of the warm floor is necessary with crimped pipes. Press the air better with a pressure of about 4 bars. Thus, when you fill in the system with water and begin to heat it, the pipe in the screed will be expanding.
Considering the above-listed reasons, taking into account the amendments to the linear expansion of the material of the pipes, take as a basis the maximum length of the pipes of the warm floor per contour:
The table shows the optimal dimensions of the length of the warm floor that are suitable for all modes of thermal expansion of pipes in various operating modes.
Note: B. residential buildings 16 mm pipes are enough. The larger diameter should not be used. This will lead to extensive waste of energy.
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The correct calculation is the key to success in any business. However, not so easy to implement in practice all the ideas. This statement is fully related to communications to create. You can only calculate to millimeters, but still checking the resulting data will be necessary at each stage of work, since everything is impossible to fully take into account. In addition, each apartment has its own features of the floor surface, so, often it is difficult to consider all the bends and depressures. However, it is not necessary to despair, because it is properly to install a warm floor system, though difficult, but really.
Based on how it is more convenient to the master, you can arrange communication in 4 versions:
Right calculation heating system - The task is difficult, but quite feasible with a step-by-step approach. To consider absolutely all the nuances when installing a warm floor is problematic, therefore it is worth paying attention to the most important characteristics, namely the length of the pipes and the volume of water in them. In addition, it is worth remembering that even a minor excess of the loop length of 100 m can seriously harm the system and give out the exit far from the temperature that is expected. The dual-kinning model, in turn, will be much more efficient, which will allow to give a house without great hassle and with less consumption of resources.
Practically in each country house It is necessarily mounted a warm floor. Before such heating is created, the calculation of the required length of the pipe is calculated.
Each private house has an autonomous heat supply system. If it allows the layout of the premises, the owners of such suburban possessions themselves are mounted with warm water floors.
Of course, the installation of such a sex can be done in an ordinary apartment, but this work is characterized by a lot of difficulty. Owners and employees have to solve a lot of problems. The main complexity will be the connection of the pipe to the operating system of heat supply. Install an additional boiler in a small apartment is simply impossible.
From the correctness of this calculation, the volume of heat depends on the room to be put into the room so that there is always a comfortable temperature in it. Calculations will help determine the power of the warm floor, and will also help make right choice Boiler and pump.
Perform such a calculation is very difficult. It is necessary to take into account quite many different criteria:
To make it easier to perform this calculation, the average values \u200b\u200bare taken. If the house has double-glazed windows and done good insulationThis parameter will be approximately 40 W / m2.
Warm buildings having a small thermal insulation constantly lose about 70-80 W / m2.
If you take an old house, heat loss increases sharply and approach 100 W / m2.
In new cottages, where the insulation of walls is not made, where panoramic windows are installed, losses, can be about 300 W / m2.
By choosing an approximate value for your room, you can start the calculation of the replenishment of heat loss.
In this case, special difficulties do not occur. For orientation, you can use the recommended values, or come up with your own. And be sure to be taken into account flooring.
The floor of the residential premises must heat up to 29 degrees. With distance from external walls More than half meters, floor temperature should reach 35 degrees. If there is constantly high humidity in the room, you will need to heat the sex surface to 33 degrees.
If the house is put wooden parquetThe floor can not be heated above 27 degrees, as the parquet can spoil.
Carpet is able to delay heat, it makes it possible to increase the temperature of about 4-5 degrees.
Calculation of the pipe for the warm floor is made according to the following scheme. For one square meter of the floor surface, 5 meters of pipe are required. The length of the step should be 20 cm. The required number is calculated by the formula:
For greater accuracy, the distance from the collector to the floor is added and is multiplied by two. An example of calculating the thick floor pipe length:
To calculate the length of the contour, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the pipe and the material from which it is made. Take, for example, metalplastic, 16 inch pipe. So that the warm floor function well, the water circuit length should be no more than 100 meters. The most suitable length, 75-80 meters are considered for such a pipe.
If 18 mm is taken, made of polyethylene, the length of the water circuit should be within 120 meters. Basically, a pipe is equal to 90-100 meters.
Pipe consumption for a warm floor of a metal-plastic pipe 20 mm will be 100-120 meters.
When choosing a pipe, it is necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. It must be said that the material and method of laying has a strong effect on the quality of the warm floor and its durability. Practical experience has shown that the most best Material for warm will be metal plastic pipes.
If you consider all the rules, it becomes clear that one loop circuit is enough for small premises. When the room area is much greater, you need to divide it into the sections, in the ratio of 1: 2. In other words, the water width will be less than its length, exactly half. To determine the number of sites, you need to know the following parameters:
Sometimes the underlining area is made longer than 15 meters. Wizards advise the specified values \u200b\u200bto increase by another 2 square meters. meter.
Ideal is considered a warm floor, where each loop has the same length. This will allow you to not engage in additional setting, you do not need to regulate the balance.
Of course, the length of the contour may be the same, but it is not always profitable.
For example, the object consists of several rooms in which the installation of a warm floor is necessary. One of these premises is a bathroom with an area of \u200b\u200b4 square meters. meter. The total length of the pipe of this circuit, taking into account the distance to the collector, will be equal to 40 m. Of course, no one will adapt to such a size, dividing useful Square under 4 square meters. meter. This division will be completely unnecessary. After all, there is a special balancing fittings, with which you can align the pressure of the contours.
Today you can also calculate in order to determine the maximum length of the pipe length relative to each contour, taking into account the type of equipment and the area of \u200b\u200bthe object.
We will not tell you about how these complex calculations are made. Just when installing a warm floor, the spread of the pipeline length of a separate circuit is taken within 30 - 40%.
In addition, when there is a need, the ability to "manipulate" the diameters of pipes appears. The ability to change the installation step, large squares Smash into several medium slices.
Of course, the warm floor in such premises is better divided into parts and mounted several contours.
Such a need is associated with different reasons:
Initially, the main thing is to know the initial data of its premises, and the formulas will help to determine how many pipes should be 1 m2 of the warm floor.
It is nice to walk along the warm floor, there is no discomfort from the cold under the legs and stuffiness at the top of the room. A competently equipped system allows you to evenly warm all the areas of the rooms, creating comfort and saving means for heating. The installation of warm floor is relatively simple, but the effectiveness of the heating circuit is completely dependent on the correctness of the calculations in the preparation of the project.
In order for the warm floor to create the right climate and did not become the cause of inconvenience or utility accidents, the room in which this heating circuit will be mounted, must meet the following requirements:
If the above requirements are complied with, the "warm floor" system will be installed without problems. However, its effectiveness depends not only on the size of the room, but also from its other features, to take into account that will help fulfill the following recommendations:
For the correct functioning of this heating system, a clear sequence of the so-called "cake" of the warm floor is important.
The thermal circuit is placed on a pre-heat and waterproof surface, and on top of poured or falling asleep cement screed, on top of which the finish flooring is stacked. The above layers - the cake shell - be required in both cases. They protect the system from external influences and increase its efficiency.
In order to avoid unnecessary costs and technological errors, which can lead to partial or complete rework of the system with their own hands, the calculation of water warm floor is made in advance before laying. The following introductory data is required:
It is also necessary to determine which maximum air temperature in the room is required for the comfort of tenants. On average, it is recommended to make the design of the water floor circuit at the rate of 30-33 ° C. However, such high indicators during operation may not be needed, the person feels as comfortable as possible at temperatures up to 25 degrees.
In the case when additional heat sources are used in the house (air conditioning, central or heating system Etc.), the calculation of the warm floor can be focused on the average maximum indicators of 25-28 ° C.
Tip! It is ultimately not recommended to connect warm water floors with their own hands directly through central System Heating. It is advisable to use a heat exchanger. Perfect option - Fully autonomous heating and connecting warm floors through the collector to the boiler.
The efficiency of the system directly depends on the material of the pipes by which the coolant will move. Use 3 varieties:
W. copper pipes Maximum heat transfer, but quite high cost. Polyethylene I. polypropylene pipes They have low thermal conductivity, but they are relatively cheap. Optimal option In the ratio of price and quality - metal-plastic pipes. They have low heat transfer flow and acceptable price.
Experienced specialists primarily take into account the following parameters:
On average, the required power for every 10 m2 laying area should be about 1.5 kW. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account paragraph 4 in the above list. If the house is well insulated, windows from a high-quality profile, then 20% of power can be distinguished on heat transfer.
Accordingly, with an area of \u200b\u200broom 20 m2, the calculation will occur according to the following formula: Q \u003d Q * x * s.
3kW * 1,2 \u003d 3,6 kW, where
Q - Required heating capacity,
q \u003d 1.5 kW \u003d 0.15 kW is a constant for every 10m2,
x \u003d 1,2 is the averaged heat loss coefficient,
S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Before starting the installation of the system with your own hands, it is recommended to draw up a scheme, accurately specify the distance between the walls and the presence of other heat sources in the house. This will make it possible to calculate the water floor capacity as accurately. If the area area does not allow you to use one contour, then properly plan the system based on the collector installation. In addition, you will need to mount your own wardrobe for the device and determine its location, distance to walls, etc.
It is often found information that the maximum length of one circuit is 120 m. It does not quite correspond to the truth, since the parameter directly depends on the diameter of the pipe:
Accordingly, the larger the diameter of the pipeline, the smaller the hydraulic resistance and pressure. So it is a longer contour. but experienced masters Recommend not to "chase" for the maximum length and choose pipe D 16 mm.
It is also necessary to consider that thick pipes D 20 mm are problematic bending, respectively, the laying of the laying will be greater than the recommended parameter. And this means the low level of the efficiency of the system, because The distance between the turns will be large, in any case there will have to make a square contour of the snail.
If one contour is not enough to heat a large room, then it is better to mount a two-door floor. It is strongly recommended to make the same length of the contours to make the surface of the surface area uniform. But if the size differences are still not avoided - an error is allowed 10 meters. The distance between the contours is equal to the recommended step.
The uniformity of the surface depends on the magnitude of the turn of the surface. Usually use 2 types of pipe styling: snake or snail.
Snake preferably to make indoors with minimal heat loss and a small area. For example, in a bathroom or corridor (as they are located in a private house or apartment inside without contact with the outer environment). The optimal step of the hinge for the snake is 15-20 cm. With this type of laying of pressure loss, approximately 2500 Pa.
Snail loops are used in spacious rooms. This method saves the contour length and makes it possible to evenly warm the room, both in the middle and closer to the outer walls. The loop step is recommended within 15-30 cm. Experts claim that the perfect distance of the step is 15 cm. Pressure loss in snail - 1600 Pa. Accordingly, this option of laying is more profitable for the installation of the system's power efficiency (you can cover a smaller useful area). Conclusion: Snail is more effective, it drops less pressure, respectively, above the efficiency.
The general rule for both schemes is closer to the walls to the walls need to be reduced to 10 cm. Accordingly, from the middle of the room loop loop contour gradually seal. Minimum laying distance to outdoor Wall 10-15 cm.
Another important moment - You can not lay a pipe on top of the seams concrete slabs. It is necessary to make a scheme so that the same location of the loop between the joints of the plate on both sides is observed. To install, with your own hands, you can draw a diagram of pre-on the black tie chalk.
Designing the system In addition to heat loss and pressure involves the temperature differences. The maximum difference is 10 degrees. But it is recommended to navigate 5 ° C for uniform system operation. If the specified comfortable temperature of the floor surface is 30 ° C, then the direct pipe should be supplied about 35 ° C.
Pressure and temperature, as well as their losses, are checked in crimping (checking the system before finishing pure screed). If the design is performed correctly, the specified parameters will be accurate with an error of no more than 3-5%. The higher the drop T, the higher the floor flow rate.
