Panel houses are familiar to each Russian on numerous multi-storey in the sleeping areas of the city. Because of no high quality construction, this technology has developed a rather skeptical attitude of consumers. According to the well-minded opinion, the panel technology is applicable only in the multi-storey construction of budget housing and does not make it possible to build a warm and beautiful house. We hurry to dissuade you. Panel house is a modern, warm and in many cases, with their own hands, the design.
We will discuss three technologies: "Sip panels", three-layer concrete panels, ka-panels. The cost of building a single-storey house of 150 square meters. Meters with a project selection will cost:
The listed construction technologies are offered at comparable prices for building a box of the house. Each has its own features, advantages and disadvantages that are worthy of particular attention.
Concrete three-layer panels Many consider a more reliable design compared to other quick-scale technologies. Thanks to the insulation, the house becomes very warm. Because of the core, filled with mineral filler, the design of the box does not create an increased load on the foundation, while the structure of concrete structures is uniquely stronger and more stable at home from the panels.
Domocomplektoms on typical projects and a lined facade are offered. Buying a ready-made kit, allows you to assemble a box for 10 days, which from the inside requires only inexpensive repair thanks to perfectly smooth walls. Reinforced concrete design has high strength. With its help you can build high houses.
The disadvantages of this technology include the need to install using severe construction equipment. At the same time, the panel houses made of three-layer concrete can be built with their own hands a photo by 20-30% less than a similar structure from sip materials. This is a very weighty plus and a factor contributing to the choice of exactly this method of construction.
Another embodiment of the panel house provides for the use of sip panels. We are talking about well-known special construction panels made of polystyrene foam and OSP slabs. On sale there are both typical structural elements that can be used to build their homes and ready-made domocallets.
The Canadian Sippan technologically refers to the multi-layer sandwich panels, it is designed in Canada, so in advertising it often has to hear about Canadian homes. This material, despite its ease and apparent fragility, is able to freely withstand temperatures in the range from -50c to + 50c, earthquake up to 7.5 points. The stove based on expanded polystyrene in its heat capacity is 6 times better saves heat than brickwork. Despite the porous structure, the insulation of the sip-panel does not burn.
Build a house on any selected project from the panels, you can freely with your own hands, for this you will need 1-2 assistants. It may take from 3 weeks to build a box to 3 months "turnkey" to build a box, it is possible to install both in the winter and summer time. The advantage of this type of building material is the ease of construction, simplicity of installation and a wide variety of typical projects that can be selected for the construction of the cottage.
There are many opinions regarding the ecological purity of SIP-technology. Buyers need to independently assess the risks and familiarize themselves with the materials about the two components of the Sip-Plate: polystyrene foam and OSP. Both materials are tested and environmentally friendly.
Buying a ready-made home complex will help to avoid mistakes in design calculations. The collection of the house on its own sketch from the typical elements will cost cheaper. If there is a need to further reduce the cost, you can make a sip-panel yourself. The panel house shown in the video instructions can be assembled with your hands video for several weeks or shorter period. How to design a house, make a drawing and make installation told an experienced architect in the video.
Ka-panels or a kalia carrier panel is a small-scale panel material for the construction of low-rise buildings with a service life of up to 120 years. The technology was created in Russia and has every chance of great success, thanks to the unique quality of building material. The panels are manufactured by Ecoterm and are a metal-reinforced wood structure, which is very convenient in self-installation and is ideal for quickly assembling at home with their own hands.
Advantages of ka-panels:
The company's production is posted in Yekaterinburg, but the cost of delivery of the home complex will be low. The advantage of ka-panels is the availability and rapid construction of single and two-storey houses, cottages.
"Ecoterm" produces three types of panels: ordinary, angular, jumpers with thickness 100, 150 and 200 m in accordance with TU 5284-001-24522523-2006. The manufacturer offers typical projects of houses, each can be purchased ready-made domocomplekt. On average, turnkey construction with finishing will cost 1 million rubles (about $ 17 thousand) to 3 million rubles.
Based on the list of work on the installation of ka-panels, this version of the panel design is more suitable for self-installation. A simple and fast assembly is undoubtedly a key feature of this construction technology. This is a promising building material.
Buyers today have a choice, how to build a house, cottage, household buildings from the sip panels, ka-panels or railway sandwich panels do it yourself. Each of the described technologies is available for independent erection. The panels allow you to build a house similar to the house from the profiled bar, but the building will cost much cheaper.
The frame houses have long and firmly seized a significant part of the private housekeeping market in developed countries (up to 80% in America, up to 60% in Northern Europe and up to 45% in Japan). Among the Russian developers, the idea of \u200b\u200bleaving a noisy city and settles on the lap of nature, without spending an astronomical amount for a magical movement and a couple of years of life, it looks increasingly tempting. Looking at the many years of experience of foreign homeowners, they conclude that construction only from classical materials is an outdated strategy based on traditional ideas about quality.
German technology: warm house for year-round residence Source Giropark.ru
For centuries, stone and wooden buildings, good and almost eternal were considered the best houses; If you think, the alternative did not exist, other materials are not suitable for them. But the development of scientific knowledge made our lives multifaceted. In the past 50 years, technologies based on new materials and breeding stereotypes about the warm house appeared in construction. Among them are the technology of frame-panel houses, reliable, efficient and economical.
If you believe the UK Timber Frame Association Statistics (Combining the Britain's Frame Building), over the past 10 years, at least 70% of the population of Western European countries have chosen framework technology in order to build their home. Professional builders distinguish between several directions in the frame house-building:
Fakhverk (frame-frame technology). The oldest of all but not lost popularity. As a frame, a massive bar is used, collected as sections with inclined beams. The chip of wall structures - the space between the beams is filled with a suitable material, and the beams are left visible from the outside of the wall.
Modern project in the style of Fakhverk Source Lesstroy.net
Shield house. Inexpensive variety of frame technology. Such buildings are designed for seasonal use; In the summer, they are comfortable in them, but in winter they will have to spend on heating. The frame design is assembled from the boards and is trimmed with plywood (often with clapboard). Then it comes a turn of laying insulation (it is separated from the walls with waterproofing), the second surface is sewn at the end.
Frame house. The basis of the building is a frame of beams and overlaps; It can be made of wood or metal. When the frame is ready, the external and internal panels are attached to it (OSP or CSP). The insulation is placed between the panels, the facing is made by any finishing material. Not only OSP-slabs can be used for the trim, but also other options: windproof panels or the most famous variety - sip-panels.
SIP technology. When they argue about frame buildings, most often talking about the construction of a residential building with the help of sip panels (another name - Canadian technology, which is not exactly exactly, since the panels were invented in the USA). The frame is trimmed with ready-made insulated panels (three-layer factory structure: insulation between two plates).
Spacious frame-panel house for a large family Source stridom-shop.ru.
Carcass-panel house-building. Frame, as in previous versions, is missing; Its role is taken by the wall panels made in factory conditions.
The idea to make the walls in advance, in factory conditions, and on the construction site just to collect them together, was undoubtedly progressive. The high degree of readiness panels are collected in the workshop, under the roof, due to which their quality does not suffer. They are supplied not only with insulation, but also facade and interior decoration, and often doors and double-glazed windows are mounted in them. In Europe and America, about 20% of private frame housing are built using frame-panel technology; It has its own peculiarities in different regions and is conditionally divided into several varieties.
Frame house on Finnish technology, mansard floor Source MakeMone.ru
It is rather a partially panel technology, since only 15% of the house elements are manufactured by an industrial method. The remaining 85% - collected on the construction site. The finished elements are a wooden or metal frame, one side of which is covered with an oil-stove with a layer of isolation. Builders are mounting the frame, lay the insulation, and then sew the outer side.
If the Wallpapers fall into the Canadian technology to the construction site, then according to the Scandinavian - the outer walls, the entirely assembled in the workshop: the frame is trimmed with osp-plates on both sides, thermal insulation material is placed between the slabs. Also in factory conditions, double-glazed windows and doors are mounted. Workers remain only to collect external panels together and decide them. Internal walls are collected in the usual way (directly on the construction site).
Frame-panel premium house with panoramic windows and second light source MakeMone.Ru
On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most popular projects of houses on panel-frame technology from construction companies presented at the "Low-rise Country" house exhibition.
The most technological production with minimal use of manual labor is known as German technology. All items are assembled on an automated line, which, together with the control of each stage, provides high quality household complex. In factory conditions, not only the panels of the outer walls and partitions are manufactured, but also elements of overlaps and roofs. The panel includes:
The foundation - Wooden frame from beams. For its skin, various slab materials are used: moisture-resistant OSP and CSP plates, drywall and fibreboard. The design assumes the installation of corrugated pipes for wiring wiring, peasants, drilling holes for ventilation and sewage; Sometimes (by request) windows and doors are installed.
Heat insulation. Used minvat, basalt or eco-water, expanded polystyrene and other insulation.
Protection. Steam and moisture protection films ensure moisture resistance of the design.
Standard Wall Panel Device Source StroyFora.ru
Fastening. Metal fasteners are used, thanks to which the panels are connected to high accuracy and reliability.
Finish. For outdoor cladding, cladding, siding, ceramic plates and block mobiles are used. When finishing with decorative plaster, the panel is pre-faced with cork or fibrous plates.
Domocomplekt is delivered to the construction site, which includes:
wall structures with densely fitted components;
interhesive overlaps;
slinge system (or lumpy farms).
To deliver the household complex and installation of the house enjoy a lifting equipment. The elements are mounted into a single design on a pre-prepared foundation, then the queue of roofing works, internal and external decorations (if necessary), gaskets of engineering communications.
Fourth Day Mounting House Source Assz.ru
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building houses on panel-frame technology. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
Panel-skew houses in German technology have a number of undeniable advantages:
Quality. Work on an automated production line minimizes the likelihood of errors and ensures high accuracy of the manufacture of parts. Since the processes manages the computer, the details of the house exactly comply with the approved design drawings. The structure is solid, easily copes with loads (even with an earthquake).
Standardization. German foundation and manic love to accurately affected the approach to the production of panel houses. During the technological process, all norms and requirements are strictly followed, and the project documentation is processed using a specialized software package. Developed production guarantees ease of installation and further free operation.
About how build houses on Canadian technology in the following video:
High construction speed. You do not have to spend a decade in permanent construction. The division of labor and the use of the crane turns the construction of the house in a fast and coherent process. On the assembly of a small one-storey cottage is spent 2-4 days, the installation of the average in the size of the project takes 10-14 days.
Savings during construction. Instead of a conventional rafter system, it is possible to use rafter farms, which will speed up the assembly and save up to 40% of the budget allocated for the roof arrangement.
Weather independence. Although the chamber drying wood is used for the frame (with a humidity of 15-18%), its wet quality will not improve, and therefore it is undesirable. Knowing that at the construction of the cottage will take no more than two weeks, it is possible to plan the construction at a dry period. When using classic framework (with warming on the construction site), the risk of wetting and deterioration of heat-insulating material is significantly higher.
Modern project of the house with three bedrooms, office and kitchen-living room source MakeMone.Ru
High quality at home. It is a consequence of the ideal geometry of wall panels (permissible deviation - 1-3 mm). Such a house will always be warm, it will not creak the floor and tremble the chandelier.
Saving during operation. Energy efficiency of the precast house allows to save money on heating.
The disadvantages of the way it is considered:
The impossibility of adjustment. Such a project is considered typical, in contrast to other framework technologies; It is impossible to make changes and improvements in the course of construction (or very difficult and therefore costly).
Price. Factory panels are more expensive than a frame mounted on a construction site, by 15-20%. Despite the highest (among framework technologies), this method is the most rational price / quality parameter. For operational characteristics, it is comparable to a more expensive half-timbered building.
Use of lifting machinery. Part of the costs without which it is not necessary.
One of the most frequent questions you ask me: Which house is better? Compare frame, wooden, panel and houses from glued timber. In the following video:
The need for ventilation. Steam and waterproofing do not give air to circulate freely through the walls (as in wooden buildings), forced ventilation is needed.
Spray. Framework technologies belong to wooden house-building, so all wooden parts are mandatory treated with flame retardant.
Frameworking projects of factory manufacture, as a rule, have a simple architectural solution, this can be seen both their dignity and disadvantage. Most of these homes are uncomplicated, their elements have simple strict forms. Due to the abandonment of external delights, the optimal price / quality ratio is achieved.
Adapted project in modern style Source Giropark.ru
Most companies prefer to work in typical projects (sometimes with the adaptation of the project for the needs of the customer). Some are also engaged in individual design, but also do not look for houses with complex facades, curvilinear or multi-level surfaces and other excesses. Despite the limitations of the form, the facade can be stylized with another way, turning with finishing into an elegant brick or brusade structure. If a sufficient foundation width is prudent, the walls can be set with clinker (or ordinary) brick.
The restriction exists in the size of the rooms. The parameters of the premises are limited to the distance between the frame racks, and in different manufacturers can be 4-10 m (with a ceiling height of 3 m). If you want more spacious rooms, they will have to be assembled from two (or more) modules whose docking can break the stylistics (if it is not possible to successfully beat or hide it in the walls).
On the installation of a German frame-panel house in the following video:
It may happen that the manufacturer's company declares the quality that is gently, speaking, does not match the valid. Outdated equipment, unqualified personnel and the use of unaffected materials significantly reduces not only the cost, but also the quality of the finished team of the house. The consequence of the use of low-quality panels can be:
The formation of the bridges of the cold. It happens if the panels are assembled inaccurately and after assembling between them there are gaps, covered only with trim. About savings on heating can be forgotten.
Violation of geometry design. If discrepancies in size exceed 3-4 mm, the lags of overlaps can take different heights. You can no longer get rid of the sex of the sexes.
To minimize such troubles, you should contact a company with impeccable reputation and high standards. Maybe their rates for construction will look a little bigger than that of one-day firms, but in the long run costs always pay off, because poorly made house will constantly require all new financial injections for repairs. The work of specialists is preferable for many reasons, and a serious organization can be recognized by such signs:
Work on modern equipment And regularly educate staff.
Often, the full production cycle has been established.: For the frame and wall panels of the future at home, high-quality wood, which is dried themselves and processed.
German technology, a modified project with utility premises Source Fabrikhaus.ru.
Using certified building materials.
Make up a contract with the customerin which the warranty is prescribed.
Attach to the contract estimate With a complete list of materials and works, with transparent calculations. You will know not only the total amount, but also the cost of each stage.
Do not violate technological requirements And control the quality, which ensures reliable operation of housing.
For rent to the housethat meets all the requirements of SNiP.
By making an order for a home-layer-panel technology, you will not be able to estimate the stuffing of the panel design, the quality of thermal insulation, vapor and moisture protection. By choosing a company, pay attention to such that:
Allows to visit productionTo see your own eyes how the walls of the house are going. If you do not have the opportunity to get to the plant, the company will make a video of all production stages.
Production of frame houses in German technology source Royalwood.BY
Give a guarantee On the household complex for 5-10 years.
Caution should be treated with construction organizations that:
Immediately, without prior credit, call the cost of construction. Usually all the risks are invested in this amount, but not all the steps for which you have to pay extra.
Offer an attractive price much lower than market. A common variant of fraud among burst-makers. In the midst of work, you report that some works (for example, the wiring of communications) are not included in the price, and need surcharge. Horses on the crossing do not change, and on all subsequent conditions you will be forced to agree. As a result, the house will be built and, maybe his quality will arrange you, but the price will be much higher than the market.
Among all existing technologies and prices, frame-panel houses are more than others please the rates and excellent quality. German technology does not require the customer to develop drawings, collections and purchases of building materials. The factory set enters the construction site fully equipped; The cottage is erected in front of 2-3 days.
Frame-panel house in the style of High-tech Source Giropark.ru
The limited architectural solutions is compensated by a large selection of finishing technologies, thanks to which even a house-box can turn into a aesthetically perfect structure. Very often, the decoration of such projects is the use of glazing - panoramic windows look advantageously in the country cottages in the style of minimalism or high-tech. The average price for country houses, erected by frame-panel turnkey technology (in the Moscow region), fluctuates within:
Houses Square up to 100 meters 2 : 1.7-2.4 million rubles.
Square from 100 to 200 m 2 : 2.8-3.95 million rubles.
From 200 to 300 m 2 : 3.9-5.45 million rubles.
The sandwich panel is a design that consists of a heater and several words of roofing material and is used as the main building material for the construction of buildings of various design complexity. For the manufacture of sandwich panels, only the materials are proven and suitable according to standards. The main material for the coating layer is usually served by "professional flooring" (galvanized steel polymer).
When choosing a sip panels, it is still better to ask for help from specialists. But if there is no such possibility, it is worth studying and their characteristics.
There are three main types of insulation:
And each of these insulation has its advantages and disadvantages.
Filling of foam in panel Polyfoam is positioned as a heater, characterized by his durability. In addition, it is an environmentally friendly material. It has the properties of waterproof and is not afraid of the sun. But at the same time this material is very easily flammable and quickly lit.
Mineral wool is practically not lit and also harmless to health.
This insulation also tolerates biological and chemical impact. But when typing such important advantages, basalt insulation has very low moisture resistance.
Polyurethane foam is poorly carried out, and easily flammable, but at the same time it has a high insulating threshold.
Polyurethan as started for a sandwich panel The thickness of the building material, and, accordingly, the price directly depends on the thickness of the insulation itself.
The price of the issue of the panel sip - 1,300 rubles per square meter. Its thickness is 174 mm, width - 1250 mm, height - 2500 mm.
In our country and the CIS countries, a sandwich panels of such sizes are used:
12 + 100 + 12 \u003d 124 mm;
12 + 150 + 12 \u003d 174 mm;
12 + 200 + 12 \u003d 224 mm.
OSB for Sip-Plate Acquaintance with the concept of OSB Plates should be started with a general classification. There are four main types of OSB. Each of them differs from others only with its indices of moisture resistance and strength.
As with any material, in the use of sandwich panels there is both their own and disadvantages.
First of pleasant. The main advantage of this building material is the correspondence of its quality, which is evidenced by the high strength of the material, relative to the price. This factor plays a very large role when calculating the construction estimate. After all, the use of this material significantly reduces costs. Due to the lightweight panels, the weight of the general design is facilitated, which means there is no need for a fortified foundation.
For more projects of houses, see the category "Houses of Houses" on our website.
Home Build from Sip Panels - How to Collect Designer The first thing that will be needed in this matter is the project of the future building. Special attention should be paid to its construction, not forgetting about the requirements and wishes. If there is no possibility to build it independently based on the complexity of calculations, there is a lot of companies ready to help in this matter. We will try to show you all stages of construction in the photo report, with step-by-step instructions. But, all houses are individual, our photo can only be considered as an information directory.
By the way, from sip-panels can be built not only at home, but also to residential buildings. They can place verandas or kitchens.
The next step is to order a sip - panels or them. You can order them right at the enterprise that manufactures. Here you can see the directories and choose everything you need for later installation. When choosing panels, you should not forget about the basis of the foundation. For the design of such material, usually, the foundation is installed on screw piles.
Water supply, heating and electricity for the future home is needed even before pouring the foundation.
In order to avoid the curvature of angles or height mismatch, all panels before installing need to check for integrity and compliance. If inaccuracies are seen, contact the supplier to replace the material.
After you need to make it strapping with a wooden bar. Then the corners are set and holes are made using a shock tool. With these holes, the timber is bonded with concrete 12 mm anchors. Recommended distance of 2.5 m. Further, on the established foundation, the building itself is collected. Begin the assembly of zero overlap, the first sip is laid down - panels on the bar.
Wall frames are harvested from a bar. At its perimeter, the mortgage board is fixed with special nails. The main thing is to withstand vertical calibration and carcass corners. After all, if I miss somewhere at least 1 mm, the wall will turn out to be a curve and correct it will not be possible. After installing the framework, the panels are superimposed on it.
After the construction of the overall construction begins the sealing of the holes. The joints and corners of the panels are filled with cutting boards in size at 25 * 100 mm. All gaps are treated with hermetically assembly foam.
Overlapping between floors and all supporting structures are better made by wooden. You can use both the timber and boards. Photo of construction stages are slightly lower.
The foundation is, first of all, the base of the building. It transmits the entire load of the building to the underlying soil layers. In addition to the strength of the foundation, it is necessary to consider:
The most common mistake in the pouring foundation experts consider excessive abundance of concrete and metal.
The most popular types of foundations are:
But it is worth noting that among this manifold, for frame panel houses, the best option will be a small shower.
For laying, a timber is taken for a 2.5 * 1.5 cm in size. Stage should be started with the middle of the foundation, while measuring its horizontal calibration. Next, the bar must be connected in the corners with the help of a wrist. After that, the details are fixed. For proper fastening, the holes are drilled in a length of 1-1.5 cm with a diameter of 2 cm and the heater is driven.
The mounting of the bar to the foundation is made with the help of anchor bolts with drowning. The mounting distance is about 1.5- 2 m. The size of the bolts must be 35 cm in length at a diameter of 1-1.2 cm.
Another proof of the distinctive feature of the Canadian construction technology is the technology of flooring.
Floors and overlaps are also built from SIP panels.
Although many contractors recommend to sharpen in such houses a regular wooden floor with insulation between lags and beams. These floors are obtained reliable and more enduring. In addition, this floor will be easier to disassemble or repaired.
When the walls are erected, it is necessary to carefully go to the selection of the source material, because the quality of the future dwelling is largely dependent on its quality. The best option for outdoor work will be a ram with a diameter of 15 cm. As for the height, at least 1.5 m. For the inside, 10 * 15 cm is suitable. This is an acceptable dimensions that will help to save on the consumable material will minimize the number of seams and joints and achieve the perfect smoothness of future walls. Collect the walls not easy, you need experience.
Before laying a bar in the crowns, all materials need to be adjusted in accordance with the height and give them the right form. For corner connections, it is better to use the method "in the Poltera" or "in the binding with a native spike". The compounds of the outer parts are better to perform with a wrinkle or on veneers. And the inner sections of both joints and the angles are better to combine half a log cabin.
Starting, direct installation is needed from styling in the foundation of the trimmed veneer, treated with an antiseptic agent.
The roof for the house built in this technique may be the most ordinary rafter. For this type, the roofs are characterized by a support in the form of grooves or mauelalat, which are cut into the beams on the attic overlap. The rafters are installed on the supports, they feed the shap on them and put the roofing material.
As for insulation, there is no need for a cold attic in it. But if the plans for the installation of the attic, then between the rafter it is worth putting the insulation and close it with a vapor barrier film.
In addition to the rafter, the roof of the SIP panels is no less popular. For this type, the first thing, the starting rafters are installed, which are attached to Mauerlat bolts. And only after that there is laying panels. The panels are mounted on one side of the roof, gradually increasing height in length with a skate. As soon as work with the first skate is completed, you can proceed to the following.
This method of installation is more painful, rather than traditional, but not less reliable.
Facade finish is the final work of construction. Each owner makes it to your liking and financial opportunities. Among the finish options are now very popular: facing brick, siding, decorative plaster.
Check out an interesting video about building a house of panels.
Construction on the basis of flat reinforced concrete panels was born at the very beginning of the 20th century. Conducts for the world's first project of a large-pointed house a lot - after World War II, almost all of Europe was engaged in searching for a quick and cheap housing problem.
In 1927, the numerous delegation of Soviet specialists is heading to Germany to study the German experience of mass housing construction of suburban workers. Our architects and engineers are more interested in the system of industrialized houses based on pexob concrete panels, developed and actively advertised by the German architect Ernst Maime.
The delegation of Soviet specialists meets the construction of a worker village on the project of Ernsta Main in the suburbs of Frankfurt-on Main
Panels size 3 × 1.10 × 0.20 m and weighing 726 kg are installed with a small crane. Installation of a 2-storey building with a cellar takes from 1.5 to 17 days, depending on the number of workers employed on the construction. And May put on the conveyor not only the production of houses, but also the entire system of designing the working settlement as a whole.
The working settlement of Pronheim, built on the project E. Mai in 1927-28.
Working settlement, modern view.
Ernst May, together with a large group of foreign architects, was invited to the Soviet Union and worked with us for several years, but he had to design the Soviet city of the future, located behind the Urals, not from the concrete latal in our country, but mostly from more affordable wood. In 1933, May left the USSR.
The active scientific development of the problems of industrialization of housing construction began in 1940, in the Research Institute of Construction Engineering Academy of Architecture of the USSR team under the leadership of Kuznetsov. However, the war interrupted these works. As a result of the era of large-passenger house-building in our country, it came only in 1945 and not in Moscow, and in the distant Ural city of Berezovsk. It was there at the end of 1945, on the basis of the construction constructions built over the year before the Berezovsky plant, the first in the USSR large-pasted one-storey house with an incomplete framework on the project of architects G. Potapov and G. Rostov.
2-Haliable large-scale house in Berezovsk built in 1946
Berezovskaya series of low-rise prefabricated large-pointed houses was replicated in the working villages of the Sverdlovsk region until 1951. For exterior walls, 3 × 3 m with mineral felt were used. Between the panels were combined with mounting loops, the joints were combined with mineral felt. The facades were decorated with concrete cornices, horizontal traction, nachets, attached steel bolts.
In Moscow, experimental series of frame and frame-panel houses were designed parallel to several teams. Since 1947, almost every year is marked by the implementation of a new experimental project. In 1947-48, the project developed by the construction equipment of the Academy of the USSR architecture (arch. B. Bogomolov, Ing. G. Kuznetsova), the first experimental frame-panel house with a full frame of steel is being built on a falcony mountain.
The house with the planning of the corridor type had a three-gun transverse steel frame with the sizes of the spans 5.24 + 1.78 + 5.24 m. In the course of further experiments from the steel frame in housing construction, reinforced concrete. Also, on the experience of this first house, it became clear that more reliable and hermetic, protected from purging the solution for docking and fixing panels. When building a house on a falconry grief, a significant part of the work occurred at the construction site: the device of heat and vapor insulation of wall panels, the inner decoration with gypsum small plates - everything was done in the construction conditions, which reduced the speed of construction.
Already in the next, 1949 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Khoroshevsky highway begins the construction of a series of experimental frame-panel sectional houses developed by the Moshorproekt (Arch. M. Posokhin and A. Mdoyantz, Ing. V. Belarus). In 6 houses of the first stage, they still did not have time to abandon the steel frame, but in the future they switched to the construction of reinforced concrete.
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Quarter of frame-panel houses 1948-1952, Arch. M. Posokhin, A.Mdoyantz, V. Belarus
The reinforced concrete frame of the houses of this series consists of two-storey columns with consoles and relying on the console of the riglels. High rise of houses with 4 floors in the first stage by the end of construction in 1952 increased to 10 floors. This tendency is to start with a small floor, and then gradually by the end of the experimental period, it is preserved in the following experimental Moscow series of houses. True, in this experienced construction project, it was not yet possible to fully realize the idea of \u200b\u200bthe industrial production of all elements of the house: the panels were not in the factory, but right on the construction site in the metal formwork, the joints were embedded with forests. Nevertheless, the house was built for a record short time: at first for 90-100, and by 1951 in just 60 working days. The construction of a similar brick house would take at least a year.
House design on Khoroshevsky highway: a - general scheme; 1 - rack; 2 - Rigel; 3 - overlap panel; 4 - Sleep panel; 5 - window panel; 6 - Gypsopilic plates of the partition; B - Detail of fastening outdoor wall panels to overlapping. The fastening of the outer wall panels to the frame and overlaps was made by strip compensatory plackets and bolts, followed by compounds. The exterior wall panels were installed on the other on the solution, vertical joints in order to eliminate the injection and freezing were filled with warm solution. (Source: Drozdov P. F., Sebebin I. M. Design of large-panel buildings (frame and frameless). M., Stroyzdat, 1967)
In total from 1949 to 1958 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Good Highway (Kuusinennaya Street, Zorge, Dobrolyubov and the 1st Kostovsky Pr-d), 21 house of the experimental frame-panel series height from 4 to 10 floors with cozy inner courtyards was built. Today, this building spoils only the concrete architectural decor in many places.
Experimental frame-panel houses. 1949-50. Arch. M. Posokhin and A.Mdoyantz, Ing. V. Belarus
Experiments on sandy
In 1948, the metropolitan press wrote: "These houses are the beginning of the new Moscow street that is born on the wasteland at the Falcon. She will connect Leningrad and good highway. 14 residential buildings are laid and built. In each 44 apartments. Different prefabricated details for construction are made immediately in many plants. " We are talking about the beginning of mass development of the sandy streets area, where a large-scale experiment on the speed of 300 hectares, a large-speed construction experiment turned on with a new flowing method of prefabricated carcase houses of the experimental series.
Constructive scheme of frame-panel houses on ul. New sandy in Moscow. Plates with a thickness of 40 mm with edges along the contour with filling in foam concrete blocks with a volume weight of 600 kg / m 3
The building was carried out by a brigade of architects in N. Sweden, A. Bologon, M. Zilberglete, Andreeva, Engineer L. F. Brenkevich under the direction of Z. Ozenfeld. The director general of the territory was developed by architects Z. Rosenfeld and P. Pomazanov. Due to the complex development, the area received a convenient, complete planning with cozy yards, its own central square and a wide central boulevard.
Novopescha Street in the 1960s.
The first stage of construction (1948-1949) included four-storey houses. Corner buildings, designing the area, ended with attic unusual for Moscow, and their central sections had increased floors. The facades of the houses of the first stage are lined with light silicate brick. Decorative elements on the facade for those times the minimum: houses of houses are decorated with concrete blocks that simulate Rust, the window openings of the first floor are framed by the concrete platbands. All architectural elements were manufactured at the factory. In addition to the full factory readiness of the elements, construction accelerated and thanks to the streaming method, at which the assembly was carried out at once all the houses of the quarter. The four-storey house was built for 96, and the 5-storey - for 120 business days.
On the second stage (1949-51), the floors were raised to 6-8 floors, on the third (1950-1955) - up to 6-9 floors. For corner houses, architects also offered a more diverse architecture - on one of the facades, seven-piece ceramic blocks are used. Motor sections, mezzanine, arches and pools make a variety of build structure. True, part of the concrete decor could not withstood the test of time and was dismantled due to pedestrian safety reasons. In addition to residential buildings in this microdistrict, schools were built - on the same frame-panel technology, according to typical projects. In the houses of the 3rd queues, many first floor were allocated to non-residential features - shops, residential services, kindergartens, etc. Recently the building ensemble of sandy streets 1947-1955. Received the status of the territory of historical and cultural significance.
To be continued
Images: M. Meerovich, Archiday.com, Pastvu.com, Moya-moskva.LiveJournal.com, Synthart.LiveJournal.com, FrankFurter-bilderBogen.de
Representatives of the project organization "BRT RUS" (Customer: CJSC "Patriot - Engineering" (Inteko Group of Companies)) As the advantages of an updated series of residential buildings RBTA, a flexible apartment, which allows you to build a practically address set of apartments; a variety of facade solutions that makes it easy to navigate in a residential yard; Universal types of residential sections from which almost any kind of urban education can be collected; Modern factory and building technologies that allow you to implement almost any architectural solution.
From the presented sections are formed three modern types of quarters with dimensions from 80 to 100 meters. The first is formed by the towers, the second - has an internal area and the third - an unlocked quarter that demonstrates the possibilities of rotary and angular sections. All the first floors along the streets are made by public. Inside the courtyard is provided with a single level to eliminate the obstacles to small inhabitants.
Already today at the plant perform original parts, allowing you to make facades more diverse - these are any kinds of lattices, reliefs, drawings in combination with architectural concrete and so on.
According to the head of the management of Archsovet, Evgenia Mornets, the projects "BRD RUS" correspond to almost all modern criteria, except for the point relating to the diversity of the facade plastic inside one section. According to designers, it is assumed only in the series of housing "Comfort", where the facade and loggia itself can be shifted relative to each other.
The matrix of a variety of apartments with a wide range of overlap from 6 to 8 meters allows you to change apartment photos every year in accordance with the needs of the population, creating the most demanded accommodation. Lattitude sections include all possible variety of planning solutions, meridional - slightly less flexible, but also in them there are such options, such as Studio Apartments. The swivel and universal angular sections can also be created, which can be used both in the usual and "mirror" execution.
Three types of quarters are taken as the basis of urban-planning solutions - a tower-tested type, Barcelona quarter with a cut angle, allowing to form an internal area, and an unclosed quarter with a medium-built-built building and intra-door space. The yard is resolved in the same level, without additional ramps and stairs, which greatly facilitates the movement of the low-breed population. All the first floors having a variable height from 4 to 5.5 meters are occupied by public functions.
The project organization "Terra Aururi", operating with the company "Glavmosstroy", presented a project of perimeter construction of a section with a displacement of sections with a height of 6-17 floors. Residential sections have a meridional and latitudinal orientation. Most apartments have a bilateral orientation or are angular. The entrances to the public premises are located from the streets of the district and boulevards. There is a stained glass glazing of the first floors in half thete. Based on a single engineering scheme, a variability of breading decisions is provided.
Options for facades using architectural concrete with different color solutions, as well as the placement of groups of balconies of various colors in different places of the facade allows to achieve very individual architectural solutions. In addition, the panel-skeleton series involves the complete absence of carrying structures inside the apartment.
For decoration it is proposed to use architectural concrete of different colors and various types of tiles. All this, together with a shot down rhythm of windows, changing the pattern of walls and specially prescribed vertical niches under a decorative lattice, where air conditioners will be hidden, creates an attractive housing, a little similar to the panel.
"For many years, one of the main aesthetic and functional claims of owners and potential customers of typical housing was uncomfortable planning of apartments, often not amenable to change, low ceilings, a significant loss of useful area with interior corridors, monotonance of houses and the absence necessary for infrastructure in step bypass. We took into account and eliminated these shortcomings in the new series of residential buildings TA-714-001. A variety of facade solutions, free planning of apartments, high ceilings - 2.75 m, the possibility of organizing social and commercial premises on the first floors is only the main advantages of the new half-blood panel-frame-frame series of apartment buildings of re-applications, "said Irina Rimashevskaya, head of the architectural workshop" Terra Auri ".
The technology of panel house-building will be in demand for many years, since modernization is constantly undergoing, and therefore, it means that the requirements of the Russian real estate market complies with the requirements of the Russian real estate market. Of course, for such a major city, as Moscow, where major construction resources are concentrated, it is not such an obvious statement, but if we consider the country's scale, it is difficult to meet the need for housing only by individual monolithic and brick houses that are significantly lagging behind the construction time and More expensive compared to the typical panel.
For example, the North of Russia very much needs industrial homes of new series. There are whole cities from houses of Soviet series, completely obsolete morally and physically. Interest in new housing technologies will be raw materials, including oil-producing companies that need to provide their employees with housing. It is important here to note that climatic conditions do not impose practically no restrictions on the operation of the houses of the new generation. With the exception of requirements for special layout of buildings for areas with high seismicity.
Thus, with the help of upgraded panel house-building, based on the provision of greater freedom for architectural planning solutions, improving the quality of a constructive, reducing the cost of building and operating buildings, you can solve not only the problem of lack of housing stock, but also give a new impetus to the development of commercial real estate.
At the initiative of the metropolitan government, a working group of Moskomarchitectures on the development of projects of typical panel houses of a new generation was established. Among its participants, major players in the Moscow market and Moscow region - DSC-1, DSC-2, DSC-3, Glavmosstroy, some of them even managed to present truly revolutionary ideas in the field of industrial home-building, which will be able to compare accommodation in the near future class with business class. The difference will remain only in the loss of apartments and the location of the development.
The unconditional advantage of panel house-building remains the optimal value for money, as well as the ability to raise residential objects in large volumes in large volumes. First of all, it is due to the fact that the prefabricated designs for panel houses are manufactured in factory conditions, on high-mechanized and automated production, which allows you to minimize the "wet processes" on the construction site, therefore, and the influence of the "human factor" to reduce the quality of construction. As a result, the construction time and cost of such houses in comparison with monolithic frame and bricks are significantly reduced.
To speak from a practical point of view, the leading sectoral organizations are actively creating technological lines of prefabricated structures, allowing to build high-quality residential buildings of different floors and form of planning with individual architecture.
Moreover, modern technological and building decisions make it possible to design the first floors under the commercial infrastructure in advance and place underground parking in the panel house.
As for the shortcomings of the panel housing of the Soviet and post-stand-up period, it does not make sense to list them, "we all know about them without first. For example, a long time among the minuses could be noted bad sound insulation, thermal insulation and interpanel seams. However, today apply seamless finishing technology of facades. Thanks to them, there are no interpanel seams on homes, which, in turn, has a positive effect not only on the heat and energy saving of the object, eliminating the leaks and freezing of the joints of the outer walls, but also improves its aesthetic characteristics through the use of various colors and architectural solutions.
If you draw an analogy between the new panel housing with the model series of twenty years ago, they differ significantly in their characteristics. First, apartments in the houses, erected in modern industrial technology, have a large area, ceiling heights and improved layout. In addition, the quality of finishing surface treatment is so improved.
Secondly, the transformations in the panel housekeeping occurred in the appearance of buildings: the choice of finishing receptions in the design of facades was significantly expanded. Thirdly, such houses comply with modern safety requirements, energy efficiency and durability. For a radical reduction in heat and electricity losses in buildings, an integrated approach is applied, including: insulation of facades and roofs, installation of modern electrical networks, domestic wiring, accounting sensors, consumption of consumption of heat and water, plastic structures with hermetic glass windows, collectors.
Special attention deserves the "Smart Home" system, which implies the use of automation to control all engineering systems - heating, ventilation and lighting in public areas.
Among the latest innovations - the use of a ventilation system with heat recuperator, which significantly reduces the cost of heat and power supply of the building. Including, contribute to the economies of electricity. Modern windows that reduce heat loss by 15-20%.
Fourth, the leading of the first floors of houses under non-residential (commercial) premises, in particular, for shops, pharmacies, fitness clubs and banks. Here, as a compulsory requirement for all residential facilities, the availability of a well-maintained open area with children's and sports fields. As well as the creation of comfortable living conditions for persons with disabilities, for example, the elevator zone is located at one level with the lobby, which makes it possible to get to any floor at home without much difficulties.
An important role is assigned to the aesthetic characteristics of residential facilities: they must be multifunctional, harmonious and have their own image. In a word - a variety should be a key plot in industrial housing construction.
JSC DSK No. 1 and the Bureau Ricardo Bofilla (Spain) presented a modified series of residential buildings Rick and Ob. Last time, the comments to these series by the Archsovet concerned the variability of facade solutions in terms of plastics. The Rick and Over series suggest combinations of various options for the facade finishes and blocking sections, taking into account the ability to disperse them relative to each other. A variety is achieved by using colors and drawings of tile, changing the color of the window joinery. Plastic facades can also vary when adding mounted balconies.
However, speaking of the involvement of expressive funds in these series, Sergey Kuznetsov noted - "There is some rigidity here, but this is a copyright, this certain lapidarity of solutions - the choice of architect". Designers were recommended to apply to the materials of the palette of possible colors in the facade finish. Shimmann admitted that this project is deeply sympathetic to it, but at an explicit floral variable, it seems irrational for the device terraces of terraces. Vladimir Plotkin was upset that wall panels were used with the same type of window, which limits architectural capabilities. Alexander Kudryavtsev called this project as ascetic among all submitted.
According to Evgenia Mornets, this project does not fully implement the principle of the flexibility of the planning inside section. But the authors of this version, according to the member of the Archsovet Andrei Bokova, "The first team, which put the planning task and coped with it," presenting and the internal, and the external space of the streets.
Ricardo Bofill designed a series "Rick" (the name is given by his name). The architect suggested 120 the colors of the facade. At the same time, direct forms are characteristic for the building, it is simple in installation, since the panels increased in dimensions - one step is 7.2 meters. Also, updated windows and other architectural attributes. Installation of an experimental house we have already finished non-scam in the 11th quarter.
We have developed a series of "over" with Alexander Valentinovich Nadyovyov, a famous Russian architect, head of workshop No. 1 of OJSC MNEITP. The house of this series, in my opinion, more commercial, there are two bathrooms in apartments, in "Tryshka" and "Diva" - a new layout, a big hall.
The main difference between these houses is their appearance: the classic, somewhat ascetic facade "Rica" and more saturated with architectural elements "OBE".
Constructive and planning solutions of new series do not assume great flexibility within sections. There are hard restrictions on the placement of bathrooms, kitchens, adjacent to the staircase elevator nodes. Flexibility inside sections can be achieved only by changing the set of apartments at different levels. This is achieved at the expense of various types of block sections - latitudinal, rotary, meridional, end, with different apartmentography.
DSK Grad and the Morton Project Organization presented ArchSets the finalized project "Block Super". The project meets all the above criteria, in particular, it implements the principles of "right" first floors: a bilateral lobby, the possibility of deriving a garbage disposal to an external or courtyard facade, free layout and a variable height of non-residential premises.
The technology, according to designers, allows you to realize not just the variants of painted facades, but a truly artistic approach to the formation of street buildings, courtyard spaces and the creation of a highly informative environment.
The designers also tried to abandon the "thermometers" - monotonous columns of glazed loggias and replaced them on a variety of window openings and glazing, which can be shifted relative to each other.
Particular attention is paid to the first non-residential floors that are intended for public use and vary in height. Their entrance groups are oriented both towards the street and to the courtyard. Parking of cars are organized along the main building and in ruptures between quarterly blocks. In the courtyard movement of cars is prohibited.
"We chose the path European, German, this is a complete refusal of the concept of the series and the transition to simply repeated projects", - the authors noted in his speech. The technology allows you to satisfy any architectural delights and wishes of developers and the main task of the plant is the production of individual products. In addition to the project under consideration, there are already developing five design proposals, which are different versions of a new residential building, each of which is distinguished by the facade solution, made using painted concrete, tiles, glass and other materials. Different building structures are also possible - reinforced concrete, frame, bolt system, etc.
The presented work seemed to Andrei Nezdilov, a fully completed, ready project, in which it will be difficult to change something. At the same time, certain planning solutions cause questions and clearly need to be improved. The authors explained that changes to the project will still be made in any case, and all comments are taken into account. Andrei Bokov, on the contrary, allocated the presented job: "This is the only team that clearly put the planning task and coped with it". Hans Shimmann did not like the solution with the accommodation of air conditioners, which, according to him, resembles a "skin disease". But this is an individual aesthetic perception, but as for concrete deficiencies, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the planning solution does not allow a person to get away from his car into the entrance. This, Suremann is sure, strategically incorrectly and is suitable for a small settlement, but not for the capital.
Design solutions are designed for its own technological lines of two plants of HCU GVSU-Center. The designers presented about the seven block of sections - three ordinary and four corners for 6-9-storey houses. There is a possibility of space planning variability of apartments due to the use of an increased step of the inner bearing wall panels to 6.6 meters, as well as the possibility of various sets of apartments on standard floors within the seven block sections.
Panel houses The housemamm is made on modern and fully robotic equipment of the German company Sommer using automatic lines for the manufacture of welded grid and volume frames EVG (Austria) and AWM (Italy).
In the basic version, the facing of wall slabs is carried out by high-quality clinker tiles of the German company "ABC-KERAMIK". The production process is completely robotic. The output is the panel with an accurate geometry of elements that have permissible errors in parameters not more than 1 mm. High quality surface of the product (class A2-A3) allows you to finish work at the end of the installation, excluding wet processes. From the outside of the building, the ideal surface of the future facade of the building with a gap in the junction of panels is no more than 1 cm; It has no irregularities and other defects caused by the risks of manual production. The technology makes it possible to change the color and size of the used clinker tile in the appropriate architectural intent. The automated process of production of panels allows you to implement any design solutions for the design of facades, significantly reducing the timing of facade works.
The high manufacturability of the production of panels with minimal use of manual labor provides the high quality of each element of the system, creating conditions for the high pace of installation of structures at the construction site. Construction of panel houses DomMMM, depending on the floor, will take from 6 to 12 months.
For the purpose of a variety of plastics of facades, various compositional methods of membership of the surfaces of the building volumes horizontally and vertical are used in conjunction with a variety of outdoor decoration species. The textured surface of concrete is used in combination with clinker tiles of different colors. The color of concrete surfaces in the mass is connected to the simulation of the surface of surfaces in volumes in order to visually derive from the monotony of typical elements of external enclosing surfaces.
The city planning flexibility of the development planning is provided by offsetting the block of sections relative to each other.
Andrei Nestzdilov, discussing the project, noticed that the roof fence in the form of wall panels looks like a temporary, intermediate proposal, understandable only at the construction stage, but not in the finished house. In the planks of the apartment, nezdilov also saw shortcomings - for example, the bathroom, located at the entrance to the apartment, and not next to the bedroom, which does not meet modern standards. It was also noted that snow and water will accumulate on numerous protruding elements of the facade in winter. The authors answered that the presented decision was not final and will still be finalized.
