After World War II, the USSR participated in many local military conflicts. Participation it was unofficial and even secret. The exploits of the Soviet soldiers in these wars will forever remain unknown.
By the end of World War II in China, two governments have developed, and the territory of the country was divided into two parts. One of them was controlled by the Gomindan party, headed by Chan Kaishi, the second - the communist government with Mao Zedun headed. The United States supported Homindan, and the USSR is the Communist Party of China.
The wage trigger was launched in March 1946, when the 310-thousand grouping of the Khomintan troops with direct support of the United States began an offensive in the PDA position. They captured almost all the southern manchuria, pushing the communists for the Sungari River. At the same time, the deterioration of relations from the USSR - the Homintan, under different pretexts, does not fulfill the conditions of the Soviet-Chinese Treaty "On Friendship and Union": the property of the CERE is cleared, the Soviet media are closed, anti-Soviet organizations are being created.
In 1947, the Soviet pilots, tankers, artilleryrs arrived in the United Democratic Army (subsequently the People's Liberation Army). A decisive role in the subsequent victory of the CCP played and weapons supplied by the Chinese Communists from the USSR. According to some reports, only in the fall of 1945, NAA received 327,877 rifles and carbines from the USSR, 5207 machine guns, 5219 artillery guns, 743 tanks and armored vehicles, 612 aircraft, as well as Suncharian flotilla ships.
In addition, Soviet military specialists have developed a strategic defense and counterattack management plan. All this contributed to the success of NAO and the establishment of the communist regime of Mao Zedong. During the war in China, about a thousand Soviet soldiers died.
Information about the participation of the Armed Forces of the USSR in the Korean War has been classified for a long time. At the beginning of the conflict, the Kremlin did not plan to participate in it by Soviet soldiers, but the large-scale involvement of the United States into confrontation between two Korea changed the position of the Soviet Union. In addition, the Kremlin's decision to join the conflict was influenced by the provocations of Americans: how, on October 8, 1950, two American attack aircraft even caused a bombing strike on the basis of the Pacific Fleet Air Force in the dry river area.
Military support for the DPRK Soviet Union was directed mainly on the reflection of the US aggression and was carried out by gratuitous supply of weapons. Specialists from the USSR prepared team, staff and engineering and technical staff.
Major military assistance turned out to be aviation: Soviet pilots made a combat departure to MiG-15, repainted in the colors of the Chinese Air Force. At the same time, the pilots were forbidden to act over the yellow sea and chase opponent's airplanes south of Pyongyang - Wonxan.
Military advisers from the USSR attended the headquarters of the front only in civilian clothes, under the guise of the correspondents of the newspaper "True". About this special "camouflage" is mentioned in the telegram of Stalin General Tsykovka, an employee of the Far Eastern Department of the USSR Foreign Ministry,
Until now, it remains unclear how much the Soviet soldiers actually was in Korea. According to official data, during the conflict of the USSR lost 315 people and 335 MiG-15 fighters. For comparison, the Korean War claimed 54,246 thousand Americans, and over 103 thousand were injured.
In 1945, the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed, the authorities in the country moved to the Communist leader Ho Chi Min. But the West was in no hurry to give up their former colonial possessions. Soon, French troops landed the territory of Vietnam in order to restore their influence in the region. In 1954, a document was signed in Geneva, according to which the independence of Laos, Vietnam Cambodia, was recognized, and the country was divided into two parts: North Vietnam, headed by Ho Shi Min and South - with NGO Din Zy. The latter quickly lost the popularity of the people, and in South Vietnam, the partisan war flared out, especially since the impassable jungle provided it with high efficiency.
On March 2, 1965, the United States began regular bombing of Northern Vietnam, accusing the country in expanding partisan traffic on South. The reaction of the USSR was immediate. Since 1965, large-scale supply of military equipment, specialists and soldiers in Vietnam begin. Everything happened in the conditions of strictest secrecy.
According to memories of veterans, before the departure, the soldiers moved to civilian clothes, their letters home passed such a tough censorship that they get into the hands of an outsider man, the latter could understand only one thing: the authors rest somewhere in the south and enjoy their serene vacation.
The participation of the USSR in the Vietnamese War was so classified that it is still not clear what role the Soviet soldiers in this conflict played. There are numerous legends about the Soviet pilots-ACA, fighting with "phantoms", whose collective image was embodied in Li-Tsyn's pilot from the famous folk song. However, according to the memoirs of participants in the events, our pilots were categorically prohibited to enter into battle with American aircraft. The exact amount and names of the Soviet soldiers who participated in the conflict are unknown so far.
The national liberation movement in Algeria, which received a scope after World War II, in 1954 he turned into a real war against French colonial domination. The USSR into conflict took the side of the rebels. Khrushchev noted that the struggle of Algerians against the French organizers is the nature of the liberation war, therefore, it should be supported by the UN.
However, the Soviet Union rendered Algerians not only diplomatic support: the Kremlin supplied the Armament of the Algerian army and military personnel.
Soviet military contributed to the organizational strengthening of the Algerian army, participated in planning operations against the French troops, as a result of which the latter had to go to negotiations.
The parties concluded an agreement according to which martialctions Stopped, and Algeria was provided independence.
After signing the agreement with Soviet Sipers, the largest operation on demining the country's territory was carried out. During the war, the French battalions of the sappers on the border of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia mined a strip from 3 to 15 km, where every kilometer accounted for up to 20 thousand "surprises". Soviet sappers cleared 1350 square meters. km of territory by destroying 2 million anti-personnel mines.
March 12th, 2016
1. Soviet-Polish War, 1920 It began on April 25, 1920, the sudden attack of Polish troops, which had more than a two-fold advantage in a living force (148 thousand people against 65 thousand in the Red Army). By the beginning of May, the Polish army went to Pripyat and Dnieper, took Kiev. In May-June, positional battles began, in June-August, the Red Army passed on the offensive, conducted a number of successful operations (May operation, Kiev operation, Novograd-Volynskaya, July, Rivne operation) and reached Warsaw and Lviv. But such a sharp breakthrough turned into a separation from parts of the supply, sumports. The first equestrian army was one on one with the superior enemy forces. Losing many people with prisoners, the Red Army parts were forced to retreat. In October, negotiations began, which in five months ended with the signing of the Riga peace treaty, according to which the territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus were rejected from the Soviet state.
2. Soviet-Chinese conflict, 1929Provocosed by the Chinese military jam on July 10, 1929. In violation of the 1924 Agreement on the sharing of the Sino-Eastern Railway, which was built at the end of the 19th century, the Russian Empire, the Chinese side seized it, arrested over 200 citizens of our country. After that, the Chinese focused 132,000 grouping in the immediate vicinity of the borders of the USSR. Began violations of Soviet borders and shelling of the Soviet territory. After unsuccessful attempts to peacefully achieve mutual understanding and conflict resolution, the Soviet government was forced to take measures to protect the territorial integrity of the country. In August, a special Far Eastern Army was created under the command of V.K. Blyuher, who in October, together with the Amur military flotilla, defeated the groupings of Chinese troops in the areas of Lahasus and Fugding cities and destroyed the Sungarian Flotilla of the opponent. In November, successful Manchuro-Chazhainor and Mishanfus operations were held, during which the first Soviet tanks T-18 (MS-1) were first applied. On December 22, a Khabarovsky Protocol was signed, which restored the former status quo.
3. Armed conflict with Japan at Lake Hasan, 1938 Provoked by Japanese aggressors. Focusing in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan 3 infantry divisions, cavalry regiment and mechanized brigade, Japanese aggressors at the end of June 1938 seized heights Unnamed and Zaozernaya, who had strategic value For this area. On August 6-9, the Soviet troops, the forces of the 2 rifle divisions and a mechanized brigade of the Japanese from these heights knocked into the area of \u200b\u200bconflict. On August 11, the fighting was discontinued. Preconflict status quo was established.
4. Armed conflict on the Khalkhin-goal River, 1939 July 2, 1939, after numerous provocations that began in May, Japanese troops (38 thousand people, 310 guns, 135 tanks. 225 aircraft) invaded Mongolia in order to master the bridgehead in the West Bank of the Khalkhin-goal and subsequently defeat the Soviet group opposing them (12, 5 thousand people, 109 guns, 186 tanks, 266 armored vehicles, 82 aircraft). During the three-day fighting, the Japanese suffered defeat and were discarded on the eastern bank of the river.
In August, the Japanese 6 Army (75 thousand people, 500 guns, 182 tanks), which were supported by over 300 aircraft, were deployed in the Khalkhin Goal area. The Soviet-Mongolcic troops (57 thousand people, 542 guns, 498 tanks, 385 armored vehicles) with the support of 515 aircraft on August 20, make sure the enemy passed on the offensive, surrounded and by the end of the month they destroyed the Japanese group. Fights in the air continued until September 15. The enemy lost 61 thousand people killed, injured and prisoners, 660 aircraft, Soviet-Mongolian troops lost 18, 5 thousand killed and wounded and 207 aircraft.
This conflict seriously undermined the military power of Japan and showed it to the government all the futility of a large-scale war against our country.
5. Liberation trip to Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. The disintegration of Poland, this "ugly braid of the Versailles system," created prerequisites for the reunification of West Ukrainian and Westernoborqual land, rejected in the 1920s, with our country. On September 17, 1939, the troops of the Belarusian and Kiev special military districts crossed the former state border, the rivers of Western Bug and San were published and took these areas. During the campaign, there were no large clashes with Polish troops.
In November 1939, the Land of Ukraine and Belarus, liberated from the Polish IGA, were taken to our state.
This hike contributed to strengthening the defense capability of our country.
6. Soviet-Finnish war. It began on November 30, 1939 after numerous unsuccessful attempts to make signing between the USSR and Finland, an agreement on the exchange of territories. According to this contract, the exchange of territories - the USSR would have passed the Finland part of East Karelia, and Finland would transfer our country to rent a Hanko peninsula, some of the islands in Finnish Bay and Karelian shells. All this was vital to ensure the defense of Leningrad (now - St. Petersburg). However, the Finnish government refused to sign such a contract. Moreover, the Finnish government began to arrange provocations at the border. The USSR was forced to defend himself, as a result of which on November 30, the Red Army crossed the border and joined the territory of Finland. The leadership of our country extended that over three weeks the Red Army will enter Helsinki and will take the entire territory of Finland. However, the transient war did not work - the Red Army has dropped to Mannerheim's Liniya - a well-fortified strip of defensive structures. And only on February 11, after the reorganization of the troops and after the strongest art preparation, the Mannerheim line was broken, and the Red Army began to develop a successful offensive. On March 5, Vyborg was busy, and on March 12, a contract was signed in Moscow, according to which all the territories required by the USSR were part of its composition. Our country has been leased by the Hanko Peninsula for the construction of the naval base, Karelian's experiencing with the city of Vyborg, the city of Sortavala in Karelia. The city of Leningrad was now reliably protected.
7. Great Patriotic War, 1941-45.On June 22, 1941, a sudden attack of the troops of Germany and her satellites (190 divisions, 5.5 million people, 4300 tanks and assault guns, 47.2 thousand guns, 4980 combat aircraft), which were opposed to 170 Soviet divisions, 2 brigades, which counted 2 Million 680 thousand people, 37.5 thousand guns and mortars, 1475 T-34 and square tanks 1 and over 15 thousand tanks of other models). At the first, most serious stage of war (June 22, 1941 - 18, 1942), Soviet troops were forced to retreat. In order to increase the combat capability of the armed forces, 13 years mobilization was carried out, new compounds and parts were formed, a folk militia was created.
In the cross-border battles in Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, Baltic States, Karelia, in the Polar, the Soviet troops were expelled by the strike groups of the enemy, managed to significantly slow down the promotion of the enemy. The main events unfolded at the Moscow direction, where in the Red Army unfolded in August in August, by going to the counteroffensive, forced German troops for the first time in World War II to move to defense. In September 30, 1941, the battle for Moscow ended in early 1942 with the full defeat of the German forces that were held on the capital. Until December 5, Soviet troops led defensive battles, restraining and grinding selected German divisions. On December 5-6, the Red Army passed into counteroffensive and threw the enemy by 150-400 kilometers from the capital.
A successful Tikhvin operation was held on the Northern Flanhip, which contributed to the distraction of the German forces from Moscow, and in the south - the Rostov offensive operation. The Soviet army began to tear the strategic initiative from the hands of the Wehrmacht, finally she moved to our army on November 19, 1942, when an offensive began under Stalingrad, who ended with the environment and defeat 6 German army.
In 1943, as a result of the fighting in the Kursk arc, a significant defeat of the Center for Army "Center" was inflicted. As a result of the occurrence of 1943, the left-bank Ukraine and its capital was released - the city of Kiev.
The next, 1944 was marked by the conclusion of the liberation of Ukraine, the liberation of Belarus, the Baltic States, the release of the Red Army to the border of the USSR, the liberation of Sofia, Belgrade and some other European capitals. War is inexorable approaching Germany. But before her victorious ending in May 1945, there were also fights for Warsaw, Budapest, Koenigsberg, Prague and Berlin, where on May 8, 1945, and the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed, which put the end of the terrible war in the history of our country. War, which killed 30 million of our compatriots.
8. Soviet-Japanese War, 1945 On August 9, 1945, the USSR, a faithful allied debt and committed commitments, began a war against imperialist Japan. Wear an offensive at the front of over 5 thousand kilometers, Soviet troops in cooperation with the Pacific Fleet and the Amur military flotilla defeated the Kwantung Army. Promulusing 600-800 kilometers. They freed the Northeast China, North Korea, South Sakhalin and Kuril Islands. The enemy lost 667 thousand people, and our country returned that she belonged to the right - South Sakhalin and Kuriles, who are strategic territories for our country.
9.Want in Afghanistan, 1979-89. The last war in the history of the Soviet Union was the war in Afghanistan, which began on December 25, 1979 and was caused not only by the obligation of our country in the Soviet-Afghan agreement, but also an objective need to protect our strategic interests in the Central Asian region.
Until the mid-1980, Soviet troops did not participate directly in hostilities, studying only the protection of important strategic facilities, the wiring of columns with nationality cargoes. However, with an increase in the intensity of hostilities, the Soviet military contingent was forced to be drawn into battles. To suppress the rebels, large military operations were conducted in different provinces of Afghanistan, in particular, in Panjsheter against the Band of the Pole commander Ahmad Shah Masuda, on the release of a large provincial center - the city of Host and others.
Soviet troops courageously performed all the tasks that were supplied before them. They left Afghanistan on February 15, 1989, leaving with fluttering banners, with music and marchs. They went as winners.
10. Unnecessary Wars of the USSR. In addition to the above, parts of our armed forces took part in local conflicts in the hot spots of the world, protecting their strategic interests. Here is the list of countries and conflicts. Where our warriors participated:
Civil War in China: from 1946 to 1950.
Martial steps in North Korea from the territory of China: from June 1950 to July 1953.
Martial steps in Hungary: 1956.
Martial steps in Laos:
from January 1960 to December 1963;
from August 1964 to November 1968;
from November 1969 to December 1970.
Martial steps in Algeria:
1962 - 1964.
Caribbean crisis:
Fighting in Czechoslovakia:
Fighting on the island Damansky:
march 1969.
Martial steps in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Jalanashkol:
august 1969.
Fighting in Egypt (United Arab Republic):
from October 1962 to March 1963;
june 1967;
from March 1969 to July 1972;
Fighting in the Yemen Arab Republic:
from October 1962 to March 1963 and
from November 1967 to December 1969.
Fighting in Vietnam:
from January 1961 to December 1974.
Fighting in Syria:
june 1967;
march - July 1970;
september - November 1972;
october 1973.
Fighting in Mozambique:
1967 - 1969;
Martial steps in Cambodia:
april - December 1970.
Fighting in Bangladesh:
1972 - 1973.
Fighting in Angola:
from November 1975 to November 1979.
Ethiopia fighting:
from December 1977 to November 1979.
Fighting in Syria and Lebanon:
june 1982.
In all these conflicts, our warriors showed themselves courageous, dedicated sons of their fatherland. Many of them died, defending our country on distant approaches to her from the excuses of dark enemy forces. And not their fault that now the line of confrontation takes place in the Caucasus, Central Asia and other regions of the former Great Empire.
Was the genocide of the Russian people in the USSR?The most striking political show of 2019! The first club debate SVTV. Subject: "Was the Genocide of the Russian People in the Soviet Union?" Debate Russian ...
M.V Popov VS B.V. Yulin - Fascism for ExportDebates on the topic "Fascism for export" between Professor Popov and Military Historian Julina vote about who won your ...
Little girl crying on the USSR: in the Soviet Union everything was real
Upcom capitalist economyThe crisis is the time to get rid of the illusions born during the period of stability, when it seemed that everything was real reasonable, and all ...
A little victorious war, which was to calm the revolutionary moods in society, is still regarded by many of Russia as aggression from Russia, but few people look into history textbooks and knows that military actions unexpectedly started Japan.
The results of the war were very and very sad - the loss of the Pacific Fleet, lives of 100 thousand soldiers and the phenomenon of complete prissthood, both the royal generals and the monarch of the dynasty in Russia.
Long thanks to the conflict of the world's leading powers, the first large-scale war, which revealed all the shortcomings and the backwardness of the Tsarist Russia, who even finished the re-equipment. The Allies on Antante were frankly weak, and only the heroic efforts and talented commander at the end of the war were allowed to start a clonion of the scales in the direction of Russia.
However, society was not needed by the "Brusilovsky breakthrough", he needed change and bread. Not without the help of German intelligence, the revolution was accomplished and the world was achieved, on a very difficult conditions for Russia.
The troubled time of the twentieth century for Russia continued. The Russians defended themselves from the countries of the invaders, the brother walked on his brother, and indeed these four years were one of the most heavier, along with the Second World War. It is pointless to describe these events in such material, and military actions were only on the territory of the former Russian Empire.
Not everyone accepted new power and collectivization. The remnants of the White Guard found a refuge in Fergana, Samarkand and Khorezme easily knocked out dissatisfied bass for resistance to the young soviet army And they could not calm them up until 1931.
In principle, this conflict, again, cannot be regarded as an external, because it was the echo of the Civil War, the "White Sun of the Desert" to help you.
Under the Tsarist Russia, KVA was an important strategic object of the Far East, simplified the development of wild territories and was in the joint management of China and Russia. In 1929, the Chinese decided that the time had a weakened USSR railway and adjacent territories to selected.
However, a grouping of Chinese 5 times in numbers was defeated under Harbin and Manchuria.
To wagon with the nascent fascist and General Franco, Russian volunteers in the amount of 500 people went. Also, the USSR put in Spain about a thousand units of ground and air combat equipment and about 2 thousand guns.
The defeat of the Japanese with the small forces of Soviet border guards and subsequent major military operations again were aimed at protecting the state border of the USSR. By the way after the Second World War, in Japan, 13 military workers were executed for the discontinuation of the conflict at Lake Hasan.
The campaign was aimed at protecting the borders and warning hosts from Germany, which is already in the open attacked Poland. The Soviet army, oddly enough, as the hostilities, repeatedly faced with the resistance of both Polish and German forces.
Unconditional aggression from the USSR, which expecting expanding the northern territories and cover Leningrad cost the Soviet army very large losses. Having spent 1.5 years instead of three weeks, and receiving 65 thousand killed and 250 thousand wounded, the USSR pushed the border and provided Germany's new ally in the coming war.
The current rewriters of history textbooks shout about the insignificant role of the USSR in the victory over fascism and atrocities of Soviet troops on the liberated territories. However, adequate people still consider this great feat of the liberation war, and advise you to see at least a monument of the Soviet soldier-liberator established by the People of Germany.
Entering the Soviet troops to maintain the communist regime in Hungary, was undoubtedly a manifestation of power in the Cold War. The USSR showed the world that will be extremely cruel measures to protect their geopolitical interests.
The Chinese again took up the old, but 58 border guards and Uzo "Grad" broke three companies of the Chinese infantry and beat off all the hunt among the Chinese challenge the border areas.
Help volunteers and weapons to Algerians who fought for independence from France, again appeared confirming the growing sphere of the interests of the USSR.
The following will follow a list of combat operations with the participation of Soviet military instructors, pilots, volunteers, and other intelligence groups. Undoubtedly, all these facts are interference in the affairs of another state, but in their essence - the answer to exactly the same interventions from the United States, England, France, Great Britain, Japan, and others. Here is the list of the largest drafts of the confrontations of the Cold War.
"Prague Spring" was the last in the history of the USSR direct military intervention in the affairs of another state, which received loud condemnation, including in Russia. The Swan Song of the Powerful Totalitarian Power and the Soviet Army turned out to be cruel and short-sighted and only accelerated the collapse of the ATS and the USSR.
Cruel and bloody civil War In the North Caucasus again happened at the time when the new government was weak and only gained strength and restored the army. Despite the coverage in the Western media of the data of Wars as aggression by Russia, by the majority of historians, these events are considered as the struggle of the Russian Federation for the integrity of their territory.
Finally, another type of military conflict, in which the Soviet Armed Forces participated, were disputes on territorial issues. In this case, the Soviet-American global opposition gave way to the struggle between. However, here driving power The conflict of ideologies was performed, this time between two options for communist teaching - Chinese and Soviet. Along with the United States, China has become an active force that sought to narrow the influence of the USSR in the world.
Below are military conflicts of the second half of the 20th century, in which the Soviet army was directly involved. Among them: Events in 1956, events in 1968, 1969 and War in 1979-1989.
Under this code name, an operation was carried out to suppress anti-Soviet performances in Hungary in October-November 1956. The XX Congress of the CPSU, which conisted the cult of the personality of Stalin became the catalyst. From the countries of the Soviet bloc of Hungary, the most vividly responded to the change of the course in Moscow. There were a lot of victims of intrapartean repression, the rehabilitation of which began under the influence of the XX Congress of the CPSU. However, this process is quite quickly increasing in the desire to exit the sphere of influence of the USSR.
Unrest in Hungary began on October 6, when the remains of the former Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Hungary Raya and other victims of the internal repression of 1949 were reburied in Budapest. A 300-thousandth crowd was gathered for this ceremony, which demanded the resignation of the first secretary of the ruling Hungarian party of workers E.Ger and the appointment of the head of the Government of the former Prime Minister Imre Nadia. On October 22, 5 thousand students came to the manifestation, they demanded the introduction of a multi-party system and withdrawal from the country of Soviet troops. The next day there was a more mass demonstration, overlooking the armed clashes with the police and the army. However, the troops soon moved to the side of the rebels, and they were mastered the capital of Hungary.
The country's leadership appealed to the USSR for help. On the morning of October 24, Soviet tanks entered Budapest. A local population entered into battle with them, to which parts of the police and the Hungarian army joined. Street fighting in Budapest lasted for almost a week until Imre Nadia, who had formed a coalition government, was finally achieved to achieve cease-fire. Soviet tanks began to leave the city, and the conflict seemed to be exhausted.
However, the USSR authorities were not going to wait to wait for Hungary, while Hungary comes out of the sphere of their influence and a split Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe. Khrushchev acted quickly and decisively. Military grouping in Hungary, which in October was 20 thousand people, for ten days up to 8 divisions were increasing and exceeded 200 thousand fighters in numbers. In response, the Hungarian government said protest and announced the exit of his country from the Warsaw Treaty.
On November 4, early in the morning, Soviet tanks under the command of General Peter Leschenko again entered Budapest - the operation "Vichr" began, in the development of which Marshal Zhukov participated. Fierce battles continued for three days. The Hungarians fought steadfastly, but to resist the well-armed Soviet army, besides, having a tremendous experience of battles with Nazis, could not. Already on November 8, the last foci of resistance in Budapest was fell. Imre Nagna hid at the Yugoslavia embassy, \u200b\u200bfrom where he was issued on November 22 to the Soviet authorities.
During the battles in Hungary, Soviet troops lost only 720 soldiers and officers. As a result of the operation of the "Whirlwind" operation, the order in the republic was restored, Imre Naga was fraudulent in Romania, then returned to Hungary, sentenced to state treason and heated in 1958. By the way, according to the Russian historian and the publicist Edward Radzinsky, Naga participated in the execution of the royal family of Romanov. The same information is also mentioned in the book of the Austrian journalist Elizabeth Heresh, which provides the "List of Yurovsky". The Hungarian Republic remained in the sphere of Soviet influence until the collapse of the socialist system.
In January 1968, Alexander Dubchek became the first secretary of the Central Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. His coming to power was due to the formation of the Brezhnev cohort of the communist leaders of the countries of Eastern Europe, but Dubchek was not going to adapt to Brezhnev, but decided to conduct an independent course and build "socialism with a human face": the weakening of party control over all regions of life, decentralization of management, rehabilitation victims of political repression and so on.
Such a turn of events caused serious concern in the Kremlin. The Soviet leadership feared that in the case of Czech communists, the internal policy of the USSR would lose control of Czechoslovakia independent of Moscow. Such a turn of events threatened with a split of the Eastern European socialist bloc in both political and military-strategic terms. The official justification of the input of the troops was the letter-appealment of the group of "party and state-owned states" Czechoslovakia to the Government of the USSR and other countries of the Warsaw Agreement on the provision of international assistance.
From April to July 1968, the leaders of the Warsaw Treaty countries persuaded Dubchek to calm down and temper the appetites, in parallel in Moscow, they calculated the strength solution to solve the problem (the future operation was assigned the code name "Danube"). The joint military grouping of the countries participating in the Warsaw Agreement commanded General I.G. Pavlovsky. August 1, after a number of meetings with the leaders of Eastern Europe's Communities, Dubchek agreed to restore the party control over the press, prevent the formation of bourgeois parties, strengthen the folk militia and remove the most odious, from the point of view of Moscow, politicians.
In the meantime, on the borders of Czechoslovakia, about 400,000 thousand military personnel of the Warsaw Treaty was already focused. Despite the agreements, Dubchek did not introduce censorship and perform permutations in the government. New attempts to convince him did not led to anything.
On August 20, at 23 o'clock in the morning, Soviet, East German, Polish, Hungarian and Bulgarian troops in 18 places crossed the border of Czechoslovakia. At the first stage, the main role was assigned to airborne troops. At 2 o'clock in the morning, on August 21 at the Ruzin airfield, parts of the 7th airborne division were landed under Prague. They blocked the main objects of the airfield, where the Soviet An-12s with a landing and military equipment began to land with an interval. Moment for the invasion favored Moscow: the United States drawn into the War in Vietnam, and Europe, the treasured "Paris Spring", was not to Chekhov.
During August 21, 24 divisions of the Warsaw Corporation countries have occupied the main objects in Czechoslovakia. Soviet plants managed to drown out NATO radars in Western Europe, forcing Americans to receive information only through satellites. Prague entered parts of the 20th Guards Army from the group of Soviet troops in Germany under the command of General P.K. Koshevov, who established control over the main objects of the Czechoslovakian capital.
The only place in Prague, which had to take force, became a radio station. Some resistance was provided by civilians, first of all, the youth, which were built in separate places of barricades and threw troops with cobblestones and sticks. From examples of passive resistance of the local population, you can call: removal of street pointers and houses, the opening of leaflets called on Soviet soldiers to return home, disappearance from Prague cards.
Unlike Budapest events of 1956, such a large-scale invasion occurred almost bloodlessly. The fighting practically did not work. There were some cases of attack on the military, but in the overwhelming majority, the Czechs did not resist. The 200-thousand Czechoslovak Army received an order of his leadership not to shoot. From August 21 to October 20, 1968, as a result of hostile actions of Czechoslovaki citizens, only 11 Soviet soldiers were killed, 87 people were injured and injured. In addition, killed in accidents, with careless handling of weapons, another 85 people died from diseases. The most impressive was the feat of the crew from the 1st Guards Tank Army, who specifically sent his tank into the abyss to avoid hitting the children exhibited by Czech picketers on a mountain road.
On August 24-27, 1968, negotiations took place in Moscow, in which the Czechoslovak side agreed to restore the "true" socialism. September 11, 1968 Soviet tanks left Prague. As a result of the successful operation of the Danube, Czechoslovakia remained a member of the Eastern European Socialist Block. The Soviet grouping of troops of up to 130 thousand people remained in Czechoslovakia to the collapse of the socialist system.
Spring in 1969 was no less hot for the Soviet leadership than the "Prague Spring" of 1968. This time the conflict broke out in the Far East. The main object of collisions between the USSR and the PRC was the island of Damansky on the Ussuri River, which shared Soviet and Chinese territories. The relationship between the USSR and China began to deteriorate quickly after the XX Congress of the CPSU, which condemned the cult of Stalin's personality. The new course of Khrushchev provided China a convenient reason to be discovered from the USSR. By accusing the Soviet Union in revisionism, Chinese leaders declared their country to the true world center of communist teaching. The ideological crack between the two compatines quickly expanded, leading to the deterioration of relations between countries.
At the border rivers with a changing course, which belongs to both Ussuri belongs, it is difficult to carry out the border on the central farvatera. Therefore, the appearance of apparent (scheduly) of the controversial islands is objectively on such rivers. Damansky belonged to them, where the Chinese peasants traditionally bought the hay. Tensions arose due to the fact that the Soviet authorities put in this section of the border guard and stopped letting the Chinese on the island. At the end of January 1969, the first collisions began on Damansky: at first they were limited to hand-to-hand fight, and in March the first shots sounded.
On the night of March 2, 1969, three hundred Chinese soldiers secretly took Damansky and equipped there disguised firepoints. They have in the rear, on the left bank of Ussuri, reserves and artillery support (mortars and custom-effective guns) were concentrated. This act was taken within the framework of the operation "Retribution", which was led by Deputy Commander of the Shenyang Military District of Xiao Tsuanfu.
In the morning, Chinese soldiers opened fire on the island of 55 Soviet border guards led by the head of the Lyune-Mikhailovka border shop by Senior Lieutenant I. Strelnikov. Border guards, led by the survivored commander - Junior Sergeant Y. Babansky, lay down and entered into battle with superior to the Chinese. Soon, reinforcements came to the rescue on armored personnel carriers led by the head of the neighboring appendix of "Culebyakin Soping" by Senior Lieutenant V. Bubenin.
With the support of mortar fire from his shore, the Chinese fastened for hints on the island and re-forced soviet soldiers To fall. But Bibenin did not retreat. He regrouped his strength and organized a new attack on armored personnel carriers. By walking out the island, he brought his maneuverable group to the flank Chinese and forced them to leave their position on the island. During this attack, Bibenin was injured, but did not leave the battle and brought him to victory. In battle on March 2, 31 Soviet border guards were killed and 14 more were injured.
Two weeks later, in the morning of March 15, the Chinese again moved to the offensive. They brought the number of their forces before the infantry division, reinforced reservoirs. Attacks by the method of "human waves" continued within an hour. After the fierce battle, the Chinese managed to fasten the Soviet soldiers. Then, for the support of the defendant, a tank platoon headed by the head of the Imansky border station moved (it was included in it "Nizhne-Mikhailovka" and "Culebyakins") Colonel D. Leonov.
But it turned out that the Chinese were prepared for such a turn of the events and have a sufficient number of anti-tank agents. Because of their dense fire, the counterattack failed. Especially since Leonov just repeated the bypass maneuver of Bibenin, which did not become unexpected for the Chinese. In this direction, they have already dreamed of trenches, where there were grenadeometters. The head tank, in which Leonov was located, was bent, and the colonel himself, who tried to get through the lower hatch, died. Two other tanks still managed to break through to the island and take the defense there. This allowed Soviet soldiers for another 2 hours to hold out in Damansky. Finally, shooting the entire ammunition and without receiving reinforcements, they left Damansky.
The failure of the counterattack and the loss of the newest combat vehicle T-62 with the secret equipment was finally convinced soviet command In the fact that they are not enough for victory over the Chinese side, which is prepared very seriously. Then the power unfolded along the River 135th Motorized Relocial Division was entered into business, the command of which was ordered by his artillery (including a separate reactive division BM-21 "Hrad") to open fire at the positions of the Chinese on the island. It was the first time in the battle of the rocket attitudes "Hrad", the blow of which decided the outcome of the battle. A significant part of Chinese soldiers on Damansky (more than 700 people) was destroyed by a fiery squall.
On this, active fighting actually stopped. But from May to September 1969, Soviet border guards opened fire on violators in the Damansky Island area. In the battles for Damansky from March 2 to March 16, 1969, 58 Soviet soldiers were killed, 94 received severe injured. For the Heroism of the Hero of the Soviet Union, the Hero of the Soviet Union received the title of Heroism: Colonel D.Lonov and Senior Lieutenant I. Strelnikov (posthumously), Senior Lieutenant V. Bubenin and Junior Sergeant Y. Baban.
Soviet-Chinese border conflict did not limit himself in 1969 by the Ussuri district. In the summer of the same year, battles occurred in the Dzhungarian passage on the Soviet-Chinese border in Kazakhstan. In general, according to the Soviet side, the Chinese implemented several hundred violations of the USSR state border in 1969. At the end of August 1969, the newspaper "True" published an advanced article, where it was said about a possible poorest strike in China. Such a threat cooled Beijing's warlike fervor.
The battle for Damansky was the first since the Second World War, a serious collision of the Armed Forces of the USSR with regular parts of another major powers. After the Soviet-Chinese talks in September 1969, it was decided to give the Island of the Dadaman Republic of People's Republic of China. The new owners of the island fell asleep in duct, and since then he became part of the Chinese coast (Peninsula Zhalanashkol).
In 1973, Dauda (Saursk) had a revolution, overthrowing the monarchy in Afghanistan. The first president of Afghanistan became Mohammed Doodle Khan (cousin of the overthrown king). In 1978, a new member occurred in Afghanistan: the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (NDPA) headed by Taraki came to power. The new government was focused on the Soviet Union and his experience of building socialism. This party was formed in 1965 and adhered to a prommunist orientation. However, much earlier, in 1967, in view of tactical disagreements, two wings took shape in it: "Chalk" ("People") led by N.M. Taraki and "Barchan" ("Banner") led by Babark Karmalem, who received Your names for the same name factional newspapers.
Another powerful strength of the Afghan society, which was represented by Islamic fundamentalists against the new government. They relied on the wide sections of the population, embittered agrarian and antirefall politics of Taraki. The country began a civil war. Not enjoyable in the people and the internal struggle, the Kabul regime, torn by the internal struggle, has lost control over a significant part of the country. His opponents - Mujahideen - acted already on the outskirts of Kabul. The USSR did not have other support in Afghanistan in addition to the rapidly surrendered NDPA position. Without the Soviet military intervention, which was already asked for a cracker, the regimen loyal to Moscow could not hold out for a long time. In the case of its fall, the USSR lost all his position in Afghanistan, which became the second after Iran hostile Moscow by the Border Islamist state.
In September 1979, Taraki was overthrown with his closest Amina companion. The new Afghan leader was dangerous for Moscow as a unprincipled usurper of power, ready to easily change his patrons. In addition, the arrival of the amine was marked by a new wave of intrapartic cleaning, which threatened the destruction of the entire NDPA party. For the Kremlin, the loyal and predictable Babigrak Karmal, who was then in Prague appeared to the Kremlin.
From October 1979, the USSR began a planned preparation for the entry of troops. On December 25, military transport aircraft began to land at the airfields in Kabul and Bugmma. They delivered the 105th airborne division into Afghanistan and part of the special purpose, which had the task to eliminate the amine. Until the last minute, paratroopers were not devoted to the plans of the Supreme Guide. For the transfer of personnel it took forty-seven hours, for which 343 flights were committed. Kabul and Bagram delivered 7,700 paratroopers and 894 units of military equipment. Almost simultaneously in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Termez in the induced Pontoon Bridge, the Soviet-Afghan border crossed Motomtreold units. On December 27, the part of the Soviet special forces took the assault Palace of Dar-Ul-Amman, Kabul radio and other important objects. Amin was liquidated. The President of Afghanistan became the Babrak Karmal who arrived with the Soviet troops.
At the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, on December 27, measures were considered to promote the input of Soviet troops in Afghanistan and the transfer of power to the Barn Karmalu. This decision of the truth about the Afghan War was long hidden from Soviet people.
The next stage of the operation was to, by going to the state border and making a march along the routes, Termez - Kabul - Gazni and Cook - Herat - Kandahar, cover the rings the most important administrative centers of the country. Performing this task, the first motorized rifle division (12 thousand people) moved towards the Cookka - Kandahar, and the other forces through thermez, Salang Pass - on Bagram and Kabul. Part of the Soviet troops from Kabul went to Gardes.
Until January 1, 1980, 50,000 servicemen were introduced, including two airborne and two motorized rifle divisions. In January 1980, two more motorized rifle divisions entered Afghanistan, and the total number of Soviet troops reached 80 thousand people. During the first half of 1980, the Soviet military contingent continued to strengthen, especially at the expense of four regiments of combat aviation, three helicopter and various separate brigades and regiments.
Starting from the winter of 1980/81, the opposition strengthened sabotage-terrorist activities. Instead of large formations of 500-1000 people, small detachments of 30-40 people began to operate and even smaller groups consisting of 2-3 terrorists. Industrial enterprises, transport, irrigation and energy facilities have become objects of sabotage. During these actions, the opposition has noticeable losses began to bear the Soviet military contingent, which was primarily used to fulfill the tasks of the protection of state and other facilities of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
If in 1979 the loss of personnel amounted to 86 people, then in 1980 - M - 1484, in 1981 - 1298, in 1982 - 1948, in 1983 - 1446, in 1984 - 2343, in 1985 - 1868, in 1986 - 1333, in 1987 - 1215, in 1988 - 759, in 1989 - 53 people.
Almost immediately after the introduction of Soviet troops, attempts to the political decision of the "Afghan problem" began to be taken. However, only in 1986, the leadership of the Dr. has put forward a national reconciliation policy. For this new course, the direct influence has rebuilt and the new political thinking of the Soviet leadership led by M.S. Gorbachev in the field of foreign Policy. National reconciliation policy included: negotiations with armed opposition; creating conditions for returning to the homeland of all refugees; Political and military amnesty to all Afghans who stopped the struggle against the existing government, and even the formation of a coalition government. As a result of this new politics New forces came to the leadership of NDPA, and M. Nadzhibulla became the Secretary General of the Central Committee from May 1986. On November 30, 1987, in accordance with the new Constitution of Afghanistan, at the meeting of representatives of all the layers of the population, Naizibulla was elected president of the country.
After that, the Government of the DRA resolved the unimpeded return to his homeland to all refugees, guaranteed the rights and freedoms to all citizens of the DRA, who stopped armed struggle, and by October 1989 signed agreements on the cessation of hostilities with 2/3 of all field commanders of the Afghan opposition.
In late 1988 - early 1989, meetings were held between representatives of the USSR and the Afghan opposition, as well as with representatives of the Pakistani, Iranian leadership and the former king of Afghanistan Zahir Shah on the termination of war, restoring peace in the country and the formation of a coalition government. Within the framework of these negotiations, the USSR confirmed that he would fulfill the commitments to the political settlement of the situation around Afghanistan fulfilled on April 14, 1988. By February 15, 1989, the conclusion of Soviet troops from Afghanistan was completed, which was monitored by UN observers.
According to the materials of the portal "Great Wars in the History of Russia"
Second world War did not become a final point in the development of armed confrontation. According to statistics, the USSR troops became a direct member of about 30 local wars both in the territory of the state and for its territorial limits. Moreover, the form of participation was both indirect and direct.
External I. domestic politics States can be carried out by various methods. Someone resorts to a peaceful settlement of controversial issues, someone - to armed confrontation. Speaking of a military conflict, it should be noted that this is a policy that is conducted with the help of modern weapons. Armed conflict includes all confrontations: large-scale clashes, interstate, regional, local wars etc. Consider the last more.
Local wars leak between the limited circle of participants. In the standard classification, this type of confrontation implies the participation of two states that are pursued in this conference certain political or economic goals. At the same time, military conflict unfolds on the territory of only these subjects, affecting and violating their interests. Thus, local wars and armed conflicts are a private and common unified concept.
| Name of armed conflict | date |
| in China | 1946-1950. |
| War in Korea | 1950-1953 |
| Hungarian crisis | 1956 |
| War in Laos. | 1960-1970 |
| Demining of state territories Algeria | 1962-1964 |
| Caribbean crisis | 1962-1963 |
| Civil War in Yemen | 1962-1969 |
| War in Vietnam | 1965-1974 |
| Middle Eastern conflicts | 1967-1973 |
| Czechoslovak crisis | 1968 |
| Civil War in Mozambique | 1967, 1969, 1975-79. |
| War in Afghanistan | 1979-1989 |
| Chadsko-Libyan conflict | 1987 |
Local Cold War Conflicts The historical date table includes the most diverse. However, this list opens from 1950 to 1953. This war is a confrontation between South Korea and the DPRK. The main ally of South Korea was given by providing the army of the new technique. In addition, the United States had to form 4 offensive divisions who supported their Korean ally.
The USSR initially took a passive participation in armed conflict, but after the secret plans of the United States became available, the war phase passed into a more active channel. The USSR not only supported the DPRK, but also planned to transfer his own contingent into an ally.
According to official data, the loss of Soviet military in this conflict has reached from 200 to 500 thousand people of personnel. Veterans of local wars, in particular, in Korea received the honorary title - the Hero of the USSR. The most famous personalities can be classified as Pepleyev Evgenia Georgievich, Kramarenko Sergey Makarovich, who showed infinite courage and courage.
Speaking about the war of Russia, we should not forget about the role of the Soviet state in the War in Vietnam. Military conflict is dating 1959-1975. The determinant of the conflict was the claim of the Republic of Vietnam into the territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. With the assistance of the United States, which supplied equipment and financial resources, southerners began punitive operations in the territory of the neighboring state.
In 1964, the United States began to actively participate in armed conflict. A colossal American contingent was transferred to the territory of Vietnam, who used prohibited weapons in the fight against the enemy. When applying napalm, biological and accommodated residential neighborings, which caused numerous victims among civilians.
Despite the efforts of patriotic forces, the US air struggle was lost. Fix the situation allowed the strategic and military assistance to the USSR. Thanks to the support, anti-air defense was drawn, which allowed to translate local wars in Vietnam in more passive shape. As a result of the war, a unified state was recreated, the name of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The final date of completion of the confrontation is considered April 30, 1975.
Districted in the Vietnamese conflict Kolesnik Nikolai Nikolayevich - Sergeant of the Soviet Army, as well as senior lieutenants Bulgakov Vladimir Leonidovich and Kharin Valentin Nikolayevich. The fighters were presented to the Order of the Red Banner.
Arab-Israeli confrontations are the most prolonged local conflicts of the Cold War. The date table indicates that the confrontation is not completed until today, periodically manifested in fierce battles between states.
The beginning of the conflict dates back to 1948, after a new state was formed - Israel. On May 15, the armed clash occurred between Israel, the ally of which was the United States, and the Arab countries supported by the USSR. The main conflict was accompanied by the transition of territories from one state to another. So, in particular, Israel was able to capture the province of Jordan from a religious point of view for Palestinians.
The USSR played this conflict the most active role. So, at the request of high-ranking officials of Arab countries, a substantial military assistance was provided to the allies. In the territory of the states, the Air Defense division was deployed, thanks to which it was possible to restrain the onslaught of Israel and the United States. As a result of Popov K.I. and Kutytsev N.MM were presented for valoring and courage to rank
1978 was marked by a coup in Afghanistan. A democratic party came to power, which was generally supported by the Soviet Union. The main course was taken to the construction of socialism in the likeness of the USSR. However, such events caused a negative response from the local population and the Muslim clergy.
The United States acted as opposed to the new government. It was with the help of America that the National Front was created for the liberation of Afghanistan. Under their aegid, numerous coups were held in the largest cities states. This fact was the cause of the new war of Russia in Afghanistan.
According to testimonies in the Afghan war Soviet Union Lost more than 14 thousand people. 300 soldiers are considered to be missing. About 35 thousand people were serious injured in fierce battles.
Summing up, you can make some conclusions.
First, all armed confrontations were coalition. In other words, the warring parties found allies in the face of two large hegemon - USSR and the USA.
Secondly, during local conflicts began to apply more modern methods War maintained, unique weapons, which confirmed the policy of "Arms Racing".
Thirdly, all wars, despite their local character, brought significant economic, cultural and human losses. Member States of conflicts tramped in their political and economic development for a long time.
