Pisarro (Pizarro) Francisco (between 1470 and 1475-1541), Spanish Conquistador. In 1513-1535, he participated in the conquest of Panama and Peru, opened a part of the Pacific coast of South America with the hall. Guayaquil and the Western Cordillere And the Andes plundered and destroyed the state of Incov Tauantinsuyu, founded the city of Lima and Trujillo.
Pisarro (Pizarro), Francisco (between 1470-1475 - 26.vi.1541) - Spanish Conquistador, Peru Conqueror. Participated at the expedition of A. okhyat to the shores of South America (1509), in the conquest of Panama (1510), accompanied Nunies de Balboa, who opened the Pacific Ocean (1513). In 1524-1526, together with D. Almaagro, organized two expeditions to the shores of South America to conquer the Inca State. In 1529, he was appointed to the ruler of Peru. In 1532-1534, taking advantage of the internecial struggle of the Incas, looted and destroyed their state. In 1535, he founded the city of Lima, brutally suppressed the uprising of the Indians (1535-1537). The struggle for power and the production section between Pizarro and Almagro ended in the latter's execution (1538), but his supporters soon killed Pisarro.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 11. Pergam - Renoven. 1968.
Literature: Volsky S., Pisarro (1470-1541), M., 1935; Lebrun H., Conquête du Pérau Et Histoire de Pizarre, 5 éd., Tours, 1852; Quintano M. J., Vida De Fr. Pizarro, 2 ED., V. Aires, 1945.
Francisco Pizarro.
Francisco Pisarro (1475-1541). Native Trujillo, Extremadura. One of the sons of Gonzalo Pizarro, the poor Hidalgo, who became a soldier in Italy. He was brought up, like a peasant child, and all his life remained illiterate. He began his military service in Italy, and in 1502 he went to India. Almost twenty years he did not stand out among his associates. Settling in Panama, he received Encomeda (put on the Earth with Indians), engaged in breeding cattle and, probably, led a comfortable existence. After 1522, marking the success of Cortes in New Spain, again began to walk the rum on the fabulously rich empires in the south of the mainland.
In 1524, Pizarro united with another soldier, Diego de Almagro. They started swimming on three small ships with hundreds of people. Three years later, his energy and endurance helped him won the hostile natural elements and people. In 1526-1527 Pizarro reached the city of Tumbes and finally got the opportunity to assess the wealth and power of the Empire of the Inca. But for her conquest, he lacked resources. In addition, he collided with the hostility of the ruler of the Panama Isthmus.
He went to Spain and achieved from Karl V support to his undertaking and title of the governor of the territories that he would be able to conquer. Almagro was only the position of his deputy. In 1531, returned with his brothers in Panama, Pizarro headed to the south. His disposal had three ships and a detachment of 85 people. After capturing Tumbus, he founded the city of San Miguel de Piura to establish a message with Panama, and began to distribute land put on the people with Indians. At the time of arrival, the Pizarro Empire Inca was only out of the civil war between the sons of the Supreme Inka Wain Kapack - Waskar and Ataalpa; Victory remained for the last. With the example of Cortez, Pisarro decided to penetrate into the depth of the empire, to meet with Ataalpoy and offer him to recognize the sovereignty of Karl V. He crossed Cordiller and reached the city of Kahamarka, where the residence of Inca was located. Pisarro asked him an audience, and the next day unexpectedly attacked the palace, defeated the guard and captured him (November 16, 1532). In June 1533, after the staged trial, Ataalpa was executed. On November 15, 1533, Pizarro finally returned to Cusco, the capital of the empire. He handed over the authority to one of the Ataalp Brothers, Manco Kapak, to carry out the board through it. Almagro, consider ourselves deprived when divided into the division, decided to restore justice and captured the city by taking captivity Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro: It was the first conflict that ended in almost a draw. The attempt of reconciliation turned out to be more or less successful, Hernando Pizarro was released (he fled down), but soon the war resumed. Supporters of the Almagro were divided in April 1538, he himself was tried and executed in July 1538. Settling in Cusco, Hernando Pisarroe was engaged in the suppression of the rising manko Kapack (1536) and peaceful arrangement of the country. In 1540, he returned to Lima (founded in 1535). Pizarro failed to cope with the Almagritists, "People Chile", which supported Diego de Almagro younger. Without waiting for the arrival of the representative of the king, who was supposed to understand the conflict and adopt the Board if necessary, the Almagritists moved to the actions: June 26, 1541 they attacked Pisarro's house. After fierce resistance, he was killed.
Mazen O. Spanish America XVI - XVIII / Oscar Mazen. - M., Veche, 2015, p. 302-304.
Francisco Pizarro.
Pizarro Francisco is the illegitimate son of the Spanish Military, Francisco Pizarro also entered the Royal Military Service. Establishments about any formation he received, as well as the presence of combat experience before his arrival from Spain on American land, not survived.
In 1513, Francisco Pizarro took part in the military expedition of Vasco de Balboa to Panama, during which the Spaniards discovered the Pacific Ocean for themselves. From 1519 to 1523, he lived in Panama as a colonist, he was elected a magistrate and the mayor of this city and managed to put a small state.
Interested in rumors about the unknown Europeans of Indian civilization and its innumerable riches, enterprising Pisarro begins to act. Panaman mayor, taking himself to the companions of the same adventurers, as well as he - Diego de Almagro and the priest Hernando de Luka and having quit the Spaniard's squad, organized two military expeditions along the Pacific coast of modern Columbia and Ecuador.
However, both of them did not have the desired success. After the second such military expedition, the Governor Panama refused to maintain the expensive enterprises of Francisco Pizarro.
According to the legend, Pisarro then spent a sword on the sand in the sand and offered all the participants of the expedition, who wishes and further look for wealth and glory, cross this feature and follow him in the unknown lands. Under his command, only twelve people left, including Diego de Almagro, who believed in their leadership and his promises to miss them.
With these twelve adventurists, Francisco Pizarro managed to detect the Empire Incas. Here it should be noted the fact that the Incas met the white people unknown to them with a big welcome and hospitality. For the Royal Spain, it was a real epochal discovery. With this news, clearly reinforced by carp gold products, unknown European pets - lamas and several cunningly captive inquins, the great adventurer returned to Panama.
However, Francisco Pizarro, to his considerable surprise, did not receive support from the local governor. That flatly refused to finance and support the third military expedition to the south. Then the persistent Pizarro sailed to Spain, where he achieved an audience at the King Charles V. He was not without difficulty to convince the Spanish monarch to give him money to the organization of a conquering campaign.
Having received money, Francisco Pizarro in 1530 returned to Panama in the rank of General Captain, having a generic coat of arms and the right to the governor over all the lands on six hundred and more miles south of Panama.
In January 1531, Captain General Francisco Pisarro went to his third expedition to conquer the Inca Empire.
The oncoming winds forced the Spanish flotilla to hide in the bay, who received the name of St. Matthew from them. Francisco Pisarro did not wait to improve the weather, and his squad moved to the south along the coast of the Pacific Ocean towards the modern city of Tumbes. Indian villages that came across on the way were subjected to a plunder.
Francisco Pizarro.
Pisarro learned a lot about the country he wanted to conquer. The capital of the Incile state was the well fortified city of Cusco, located high in the mountains - Andes. The capital of Inca defended the fortress in Saxo, which had an impressive defensive shaft of 10 meters high.
The Supreme Inca had a huge army, consisted of up to 200 thousand people. For the military successes of the Inca called the "Romans of the New World". Warriors paid a lot of time to their physical excellence, especially running on long distances. However, the Indian army did not have any comparison with the Spaniards. The country had a large number of high-mountain stone fortresses.
By the time of appearance in the possessions of the Incans of the Spaniards, headed by Francisco Pisarro, there was only the bloodshed of the Bloody civil war, which strongly weakened the country. At the beginning of the century, the Supreme Leader of Guaen Capack divided the Empire of the Inca into two parts between the two sons - Atagalup and Guascar. The latter received a large territory and therefore had more warriors. But his native brother Atagalup decided to capture the capital of Cusco and become a supreme ink.
He managed to overcome the guascar and pull to Cusco Military detachments of the leaders loyal to him. Atagalup himself arrived at the capital under the pretext of the expansion of humility, accompanied by strong security. The deception was disclosed too late, and the ruler of Cusco simply could not collect his army.
When the Atagalpius reached the news about the appearance of Spaniards in his possessions, which worked out the evil and sowing death in Indian villages, he began to collect a thousandths for a hike against them. Pisarro, having learned about the military preparations of the Supreme Incue, was not frightened and he moved himself into hard-to-reach Andes on the mountain trail. The Spaniards were conducted by the Indians, and they confidently moved among the mountains of Tranne to Cusco. The detachment, which led by the conquistador, has numbered only 110 beautifully armed infantry and 67 cavalrymen and had light guns.
Surprising Pizarro, the Indians did not protect the mountain trails and passes against him. On November 15, 1532, the Spaniards, overcoming the tops of the Andes, unhinderedly entered the city of Casamarka, left by local residents and strengthened in it. The city has already stood in a huge army of Atagalpi's huge army.
Francisco Pizarro, following the example of Cortes and many other Spanish conquerors, acted for rarely insidiously and decisively. He invited Atagalpu to herself to negotiations, knowing that the Inca considered their Supreme Chief Hedgehog, to which it was impossible to touch even a finger. On November 16, Atagalup, accompanied by several thousand passenger-plated warriors, devoid of protective armor, solemnly arrived at the Konkistador camp. That day they really were not afraid of the Spaniards.
Pizarro to the little detail calculated his actions. He was not going to lead any negotiations with the Indian Emperor. Konkistador ordered the Spaniards to unexpectedly attack the bodyguards of the Supreme Inci. The cavalry attack and archebuses led to the fact that the Spaniards quickly killed the protection of the Atagalpi, and he himself was captured. The only wounded among the Spaniards in that battle was Francisco Pizarro himself. The news of capturing in captivity of the demigod - the Supreme Incasy led the Indian army, which stood under the caxamarka, in such a horror that it was broken and no longer was going on such a variety.
The capture of the Supreme Incasion was the most adversely affected the fate of his empire. The Indian tribes rebelled by the power of the Inca, reiterated themselves adherents of executed Guascar. The huge country was in the arms of nonsense and anarchy. The Spaniards were only on hand.
Francisco Pizarro demanded a repurchase from the Supreme Inquipment for his liberation from captivity. He promised the conquistador and his soldiers to fill the gold room with an area of \u200b\u200b35 square meters to the height of the arms raised, and a slightly smaller room twice filled with silver. Inca fully made a ransom for their leader. However, Pizarro, having received the fabulous treasures, did not restrain the words and ordered the penalty to Atagalpu.
A small number of Spanish conquerors in just a few years has conquered a huge territory inhabited by the Incas and the Indian tribes subject to them. Francisco Pizarro became the royal governor of huge possessions in South America - most of the modern Peru and Ecuador, the northern part of Chile and part of Bolivia.
However, the conquerors expected far from the cloudless rule in the conquered Indian Power. The puppet Supreme Inca fled from Cusco was successful. For several months, he managed to collect a crowded army and in February 1536 besieged the capital. Siege Cusco lasted six months. A few Spanish garrison was extended to fight against fires, which Ink's warriors were made by throwing stones hot stones wrapped with a scenario wool.
Manko traveled on a Spanish horse, in steel knightly armor, and his warriors had several muskets. It is possible that all this was purchased from greedy on the jewel of the Spanish soldiers for gold. The army of the Indians, who did not get used to the long siege, began to gradually diverge home. Manco, and did not manage to take a bout or a long siege of Cusco, was forced to move away from the remnants of his warriors. He continued to make a raid on the conquerors, but Francisco Pizarro with the help of Indians - Incans's enemies managed to kill Manco. Having lost its last leader-demigod, the Inca ceased to the organized resistance to the Spaniards.
Soon, an open armed confrontation began in the very camp of Spanish conquerors. Diego de Almagro was openly accused Francisco Pizarro in the fact that he had sentenced his soldiers in the section of huge Treasures of Inca. Most likely, it was. Supporters of Almagro raised the rebellion.
In 1537, Pisarro, having received reinforcements from Spain, in battle at Las Salinas defeated the detachment of Almagro, and he himself captured. The victory was obsessed largely due to the fact that the royal soldiers were sent to weapons new muskets, which were shot by several connected one to one bullets. Diego de Almagro was executed by the name of the King of Spain.
In June 1541, supporters of the executive diurea de Almagro in June 1541 broke into the Governor's Palace of the Great Conquastador and dealt with the elderly conqueror of the Empire Inca. The will of the fate Francisco Pizarro died not from the hands of Indian warriors, but from his own soldiers, whom he made rich. However, their greed did not know the limit.
Compared to other Spanish conquerors, Francisco Pizarro achieved the best results in the conquest of Indian peoples and civilizations of Latin America. With the smallest quantities of warriors, he managed to win huge and densely populated lands, which have kept outless wealth, primarily gold and silver. Soon, immigrants from Spain stretched here, and the Catholic Church of the Cross and Sword began to baptize millions of pagan Indians.
The Royal Spain fabulously enriched at the expense of precious metals, which the flow began to flow into the metropolis from the Inca Empire. The very high conqueror almost did not have to take advantage of the treasures worked them and satisfied with his honors. However, in the world history, Francisco Pizarro entered his name forever, as well as in the history of several states of South America. The Peruvian capital of Lima became the biggest monument to the Great Conquistador.
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Francisco Pizarro.
Francisco Pisarro
Great Conquistor of Spain. He won the Empire Inca. Was killed by his own soldiers
Francisco Pissaro. Picture of an unknown artist. XVI in.
The illegitimate son of the Spanish military, born about 1475, Francisco Pizarro was still in his youth on the royal service. In the New World (America), he appeared in 1502, starting to serve in the military detachment of the Governor Espanyola (Santo-Domingo).
In 1513, Francisco Pizarro took part in the military expedition of Vasco de Balboa to Panama, during which the Spaniards discovered the Pacific Ocean for themselves. From 1519 to 1523, he lived in Panama as a colonist, was elected a master and mayor of this city.
Learning about the unknown Indian civilization and its wealth, the enterprising Pisarro begins to act. Taking themselves into the companions of the same adventurers, like he - Diego de Almagro and the priest of Hernando de Luka, - and after quarring a squad of the Spaniards, Pizarro organized two military expeditions (in 1524-1525 and 1526-1528) along the Pacific coast of modern Columbia and Ecuador .
However, both of the desired success did not have. After the second such military expedition, the Governor of Panama refused to maintain the expensive enterprises of Pharro. The governor ordered the Spaniards to return to Panama.
According to legend, Pisarro then spent a sword on the sand in the sand and offered all the participants of the expedition, who wishes and further look for wealth and glory, cross this feature and follow him into unknown land. Under his command, only twelve people left, including Diego de Almagro.
With these twelve adventurists, Pizarro managed to detect the Empire Inca. The great adventurer was victorious returned to Panama. However, there he did not receive support from the local governor. That flatly refused to finance and support the third military expedition to the south. Then the persistent Pizarro sailed to Spain, where he achieved an audience from King Charles V. He managed to convince the monarch to give him money to the organization of a conquering campaign.
Having received money, Francisco Pisarro in 1530 returned to Panama in the rank of General - Captain, having a generic emblem and the right to the governor over all the lands on six hundred and more miles south of Panama. But these lands still had to conquer for the Spanish crown.
In January 1531, General - Captain Francisco Pisarro went to his third expedition to conquer the Empire Incas. He sailed from Panama on three small sailing ships to the south, having under his command of 180 infantrymen, 37 cavalrymen (according to other data, there were 65 horses in the detachment) and two small guns.
The detachment was four of his brothers, the faithful companions on the second expedition and the Catholic priest - the Missionary Hernando de Luka. Arkebuses had only three soldiers. Twenty twenty were armed with long-range crossbows. The remaining Spaniards were armed with swords and spears and are closed in steel helmets and kids.
Counter winds forced the Spaniards flotilla to hide in the bay, who received the name of St. Matthew from them. Pizarro did not wait for the weather to improve the weather, and his squad moved to the south along the coast of the Pacific Ocean towards the modern city of Tumbes. Indian villages on the way were subjected to a plunder: Spaniards in each of them found gold.
However, Pizarro understood that he had very little forces. He decided to harvest more Spanish soldiers on the head at the beginning of the campaign and buy more Arkebuses and charges towards them. Pisarro sent two ships to the north: one - in Panama, the other - in Nicaragua.
He himself with the remaining people went on the third sailboat on the island of Puno South Tumbes. So by June 1552, the first Spanish base appeared on the territory of South America, called San Miguel de Piura. On the ship sent to Nicaragua, the reinforcement of about a hundred people arrived.
Now General - Captain Pizarro could continue the conquesting expedition. Once again on the mainland, the Spaniards face the fruits of their first atrocities on Indian Earth. Now there was no speech about the hospitality.
Pizarro knew a lot about the country he wanted to conquer. Incas called themselves "children of the Sun", their huge state with a population of about 10 million people stretched along the Pacific coast of South America.
The capital of the Incile state was the well fortified city of Cusco (on the territory of modern Peru), located high in the mountains - Andes. The capital of Inca defended the fortress in Saxo, which had an impressive defensive shaft of 10 meters high. The Supreme Inca had a huge army, consisting of 200 thousand warriors.
By the time of appearance in the possessions of the Incans of the Spaniards, headed by Francisco Pizarro there, only - only the bloody civil war ended, which strongly weakened the country. At the beginning of the century, the Supreme Leader of Guaen Capack divided the Empire of the Incas between the sons - Atagalup and Guascar. The first one of them went to his brother and won it thanks to tricks and cruelty. At this moment, the Conquistador Francisco Pisarro appeared on the stage.
When the Atagalpius reached the news about the appearance of Spaniards in his possessions that worked out evil and sowned death, he began to collect a thousandths. Pisarro, having learned about it, was not frightened and moved himself in hard-to-reach Andes on the mountain path to Cusco. The detachment, which led the conquistador, had only 110 well-armed infantrymen and 67 cavalrymen and had light guns.
Surprising Pisarro, the Indians did not protect the mountain trails and passes. On November 15, 1532, the Spaniards, overcoming the tops of the Andes, unhinderedly entered the city of Casamarka, left by local residents and strengthened in it.
The city has already stood in a huge army of Atagalpi's huge army. The Supreme Leader of Inca was quite confident in his superiority over the few aliens. Believing his ruler, he believed in this warriors, who had not yet seen and did not hear the shooters of the Arkebuses and cannons.
Francisco Pizarro in the example of many Spanish conquerors acted for rarely insidiously and decisively. He invited Atagalpu to herself to negotiations, knowing that the Inca considered their Supreme Chief Hedgehog, to which it was impossible to touch even a finger. On November 16, Atagalup, accompanied by several thousand passenger-plated warriors, devoid of protective armor, solemnly arrived at the Konkistador camp. On that day, the Incas were really not afraid of the Spaniards.
Pizarro to the little detail calculated his actions. Conquistador ordered the soldiers to unexpectedly attack the bodyguards of the Supreme Inci. The cavalry attack and archebuses led to the fact that the Spaniards quickly killed the protection of the Atagalpi, and he himself was captured. The only wounded among the Spaniards in that battle was Francisco Pizarro himself.
The news of capturing the captain of the demigod - the Supreme Inqua - led the Indian army, which stood under the Asamamka, in such a horror that it was broken and no longer was going on such a set.
Francisco Pizarro demanded a repurchase from the Supreme Inquipment for liberation from captivity. He promised a conquistador to fill the gold room with an area of \u200b\u200b35 square meters to the height of the arms raised, and a slightly smaller room twice filled with silver. Inca fully made a ransom for their leader. However, Pizarro, having received the fabulous treasures, did not restrain the words and ordered the penalty to Atagalpu.
Then the Spaniards entered the capital of Cusco unhindered. General - the captain of the Spanish king acted as an experienced conqueror. He immediately put the puppet of Manco - Brother Guascara at the head of the conquered country. It will pass a little time, and Manco, which fled in 1535 in the mountains, will begin to raise the Inca to the armed struggle against the conquerors.
A small in the number of the Spaniards of the Spaniards in just a few years she conquered a huge territory intense with ingots and subjects to them by tribes. Francisco Pisarro became the royal governor of huge possessions in South America - most of the Peru and Ecuador, the northern part of Chile and part of Bolivia.
The huge country of Inca came to the time being in full obedience, General - Captain King Spain. In 1535, Francisco Pizarro, leaving the Huang managers in the Incan capital of his brother Huang, made part of his troops to the shore of the Pacific Ocean. There he founded the city of Lima - "City of Kings."
However, the conquerors expected far from the cloudless rule in the conquered Indian Power. Manco acted successfully. For a few months, he collected a crowded army and in February 1536 besieged his capital. Siege Cusco lasted six months. A few Spanish garrison was extended to fight against fires that Ink's warriors were made by throwing the hottings of the stones wrapped with a grilled cotton wool.
But the army of the Indians, who was not accustomed to lead long sieges, began to gradually dig from Cusco at home. The Great Inca was forced to step into the mountains with the last warriors. He continued to make spoil on the conquerors. Francisco Pizarro with the help of Indians - Enemies Incas - managed to kill Manco. Having lost his last leader - the demigod, the Inca ceased organized armed resistance to the Spaniards.
Soon the open confrontation began in the camp of the conquistadors. Diego de Almagro was openly accused Francisco Pizarro in the fact that he had sentenced his soldiers in the section of huge Treasures of Inca. Most likely, it was. Supporters of Almagro raised the rebellion.
In 1537, Pisarro, receiving reinforcements from Spain, in battle at Las - Salinas broke the almagro squad, and he himself captured. The victory was obsessed in many ways due to the fact that the royal soldiers were sent to weapons new muskets, which were shot by several connected alone with the other bullets. Diego de Almagro was executed by the name of the King of Spain.
In June 1541, supporters of the executed rebel in June 1541 broke into the governor's palace of the Great Conquastador and dealt with the elderly conqueror of the Empire Incas. The will of the fate Francisco Pizarro died not from the hands of Indian warriors, but from his own soldiers, whom he made rich.
This text is a familiarization fragment.Lake Titicaca is located in Central Andes at an altitude of 3810 meters above sea level. This is the largest lake of South America. Its area is 8300 square kilometers, and it ranks 18 in size, among the largest lakes in the world. The depth of water is more than a hundred meters, and in some places it reaches 300 meters. It is here, on the shores of a huge and deep reservoir, during the time of fabulous antiquity was one of the centers of highly developed civilizations of humanity.
Around it, suitable for the Life of the Earth was limited to the east of the impassable jungle of the Amazon River basin, and from the west with the vast waters of the Pacific Ocean. The ancient people denounce the narrow Western strip of the continent, which began at the boundaries of the modern Ecuador and ended in the central regions of Chile.
In the first millennium BC, such civilizations such as Chavin, San Augustine and Parakas existed here. The latter chose a coastal area of \u200b\u200bthe Andes (the southern coast of modern Peru) and Parakas Parakas peninsula (sand rain).
The main attraction of this people who came to our time are necropolis. They consist of spacious burial cameras; They are stored many mummies. Dead, wobbed in several layers of fabric, decorated with a rich ornament, are in a sitting position. The knees rest in the chin, arms crossed on the chest.
What is of particular interest is that some of the skull mummies are deformed, have an ovoid shape and traces of trepanation. It is difficult to believe in it, but the facts are stubborn item: once, two more than a thousand years ago, the ancient eskulapses successfully made operations on the brain. This confirms the partial replacement of the bones of the cranial boxes with gold plates.
Civilization Parakas has sunk in the darkness of centuries in the second century BC. Her trails were lost in an infinite stream of time, but there are a number of evidence that cast a weak light on the fate of this mysterious people. These evidence points to the fact that the descendants of those ancient eskulapses did not disappear from the ground, but continue to live, skillfully applying invaluable medical knowledge in practice.
But before considering this interesting question, you need to get acquainted with the historical events that took place in the period from the XIII to the XVI century on the Western lands of South America.
Nine hundred years ago, the god of the sun, who supervised the above-mentioned territory, was concerned about the poor living conditions of people. To cheer simple mortals, instill confidence in them and give to feel the joy of life, he sent her son to them Manco Capack And your favorite daughter Mama Okli..
The instructions of Vladyka were brief and blacks. He gave the children a staff from pure gold and commanded to settle on those lands, where it is expensive the product will enter the soil.
Divine siblings exactly performed by the will of the Father. They wandered for a long time along the mountainous terrain, trying to strength. Stony land did not want to accept the precious metal, and the children had already begun to despair. But they found themselves in the Cusco Valley, the village of Pakara-Tambo, at the foot of the Wanacauri hill. And a miracle happened here: the staff became easily entered into solid, like granite, soil. The son and daughter joyfully loosened and laid the settlement in this place, which was called Cusco.
People who lived in the nearby territory the Incas I gave the praise of Manko Kapack and Mama Okol, recognized them with his rulers and began to call his country TauantinSuyu (Land of four parts).
Years passed. Cusco gradually turned into a large and beautiful city. It was located at an altitude of 3416 meters above sea level and was crossed by two mountain ranges.
In parallel to the construction of his capital, the people who received the support of the gods of the people. Initially, he fought for a long time with the tribes of Sora and the arm, which lived on the Western lands adjacent to the Cuzco valley. Conquer these tribes, the conquerors significantly expanded their borders and began to prepare for further military expansions.
A serious enemy was a very strong and brave people of Chanka. War with him was long, difficult and cruel. Only by the middle of the XV century, the Inca managed to split their main enemy. At this time, they had Pachaktek, the son of the legendary Manco Kapa.
At first, the second half of the XV century, the descendants of Divine Siblings subordinate to themselves all the tribes living in the Lake Titicaca pool. These conquest are not limited. Military expansion continues, and by the end of the XV century the conquered territory expands to huge sizes. It is already an empire, whose possessions extend from the southern border of modern Columbia to the central districts of Chile and Argentina.
A large state will need competent administrative management. The conquerors broke all the conquered lands into four provinces: Kuntisuyu, Kolyasuyu, Antisuiu and Chinchausu. In the center of Cusco was the area of \u200b\u200bWakapata. From her, in different directions, four roads leading to these administrative formations of the Empire were diverged.
Inki loved and knew how to build roads. They did them wide with a smooth coating. The longest stretched 5250 kilometers and had a width of 7.5 meters. True, the Indians did not know the wheels, so they were moving on such highways on foot; The cargo was transferred to themselves or transported on Laks.
The great conquerors did not have any writing, but despite this, the state post worked perfectly. Numerous deaths were constantly in a hurry in different ends of the Empire and transferred decrees and rulings through "nodule letters" or orally.
Incas have been well developed: agriculture, animal husbandry, craft art. There was no single monetary standard. The sale and sale process took place between the seller and the buyer on numerous fairs through the exchange of goods. Such fairs, as a rule, were arranged in cities at least once every ten days.
Stuck in the separation of society on the poor and the rich did not exist. The standard of living has been approximately the same. The bulk of the population lived by the generic communities - Ailu. A separate family had a land put on the top. Each member of the Society of Society is a workforce - Mita. Important issues of public household were solved in general meetings - Kamachiko.
When a man reached the age of 18, he was taken to military or courier service. Its term lasted for 7 years. Each resident of the country had to go through it. Then, after the end of the seven-year period, the man became the burea. Thus called people who worked for public needs and paid Casta. After 50 years, the man passed into another age category and engaged in raising children.
In the Great Empire, any resident could reach a high position in society. The main thing was not the origin, but merit to the empire. An experienced warrior or talented speaker enjoyed universal respect and reverence, no matter who his parents were.
The supreme power in the country was inherited. Entered into the throne received the prefix "Inki" to his name. In a narrow understanding, she meant the title of ruler, as in Europe, the king or emperor. Also, the Incas were called full members of the Cusco Community, which were the descendants of an ancient tribe, who found the power of children of the God of the Sun. They, as it were, were considered "blood in the blood."
Representatives of other tribes inhabited by the empire could also receive an appropriate title for special merits in front of the state. In this case, he was inherited by the whole family, and her members were considered "Inics by Privileges."
In 1525, the Supreme Leader of the Yaya Kapack Empire dies. He divides the power into two parts between his sons. One inherits ataalpa, another Wascar.
The capital of Cusco is moving away to Wascar, and he rightfully acquires the Supreme Title Inci. But the second brother does not agree with the will of the Father. The internecine war begins.
It ends only in 1531 by defeating Wascara. It is enough and sent to the alpine village, where he should live as a prisoner to death itself. All power goes to Ataalpa. The situation in the empire is stabilized.
But the new 1532 makes its own adjustments in a less well-established life after the Great Split. On the lands of the empire appear spanish conquistadors. 110 hiking soldiers and 67 riders are planted from a sailing vessel to conquer land, in which the same gold as the sand in the desert.
Commands the Spanish Military Council (1475-1541) - the person is domineering, cruel, ruthless. Adventurer to the brain of bones, without principles and ideals. He has one goal - gold.
Francisco
Pizarro
He was born in Spain, becoming a sad consequence of the sinful connection of the loving Castilian nobleman, Captain Gonzalo Pizarro and a frivolous peasant. Parents cursed her daughter, but the child was brought up. Becoming mature young men, he entered the military royal service. But in the lands of the old world, he did not show herself on the Brani's field and already in old age (by the standards of the XVI century) went to Panama.
The life of the colonist The future merciless conqueror of Indians began in 1519. Of the total weight of hunters for good luck, it was not highlighted. He lived quietly and inconspicuous. Few people paid attention to him: an elderly person, limited in means, without serious connections and opportunities.
In one of the autumn days, he leaves for hunting and suddenly disappears. His disappearance did not excite anyone, and the appearance of alive and healthy in three months, did not cause any joy, no wonder.
But after a few days everything is noticed that it is not clear where the missing long time has changed dramatically. It becomes energetic and eloquent, relaxed in communication and charming, shows brilliant abilities in learning foreign languages. Causeing a universal location, makes many friends, and literally after a few months he is elected by the mayor of the city, in which he lives.
Very soon, Francisco Pizarro establishes friendly connections with the governor of Panama and his surroundings. He fascinates ladies, causes sympathy in men. The doors of the richest houses colony are widely disclosed before it. But our hero understands: he is no longer young and make a brilliant career late.
Soon he meets with the Armagro de Almagro progressor, and the Garbage of the Hernando de Luka, the Garbage. These two gold wanders, which in incredible quantities lies in the temples and the palaces of the Indian cities located far in the south.
Using your gift of beliefs and charm, skillfully playing on low-lying feelings, our hero persuades the governor to equip a military expedition to the Land of modern Colombia. Here, according to him, a lot of rich cities of redheads styled by gold.
In 1524, the governor gives good, and Pizarro becomes heading of his first military expedition. It ends with a complete failure in 12 months.
But failure does not discourage the illegitimate Spaniard. On the contrary, she inspires him for new attempts to quickly get rich and occupy the appropriate place in the Higher Society.
In 1526, the second military expedition goes to the lands of modern Ecuador. She lasts two more than a year and does not bring any pesos. But instead of the despicable metal, the tricky and dexterous adventurer receives very important information, which in value is worth it at no less than the chest with gold.
Locals tell him about a fabulous rich country. She lies far in the south in the mountains. In those lands there are a lot of gold, it just rolls under your feet. Our hero understands - this is his last chance. At the same time, he does not want to share glory and wealth with the governor of Panama.
In 1530, Francisco Pizarro leaves a new light. The speed sailboat delivers him to the lands of Spain. Here he is with the striking ease, seeks audience at the King Charles V.
It is not known about what an adventurer with crowned special, but back he is returned by Captain General, Adelantad, and his raincoat is decorated with a generic emblem of Marquis. In his hand, he squeezes a diploma signed by His Majesty. It refers to this right to the governor on all the lands lying on 1000 miles south of Panama.
The newly made governor's time is not losing and equipping the third military expedition in 1531. After a few months, he landed on the lands of Tauantinsuyu. The Empire of Incas in all its glory lies in front of him.
The Supreme Leader of Ataalpa very quickly learns about the pale aliens. He tells his scouts to find out everything about these strange aliens, but the thing is that the Indians have never seen horses. Hence the recent reports of the latter, causing perplexity and confusion at the courtyard.
So one scouts claim that there are foreign creatures with four legs and two heads. They sleep standing, see at night as day, and instead of words, they make strange loud sounds.
Others say that unknown creatures on four legs have two parts that can be separated from each other and walk by themselves. The main thing is the bottom. The top serves only to collect fruits that grow in trees.
Francisco Pisarro-headed squad does not meet the resistance of local residents. Horror and fear flew in front of Spanish conquisites. Cities and villages on the path of hunters for good luck will be empty. The population hurriedly leaves them, throwing out of places and acquired good for the mercy of fate.
The detachment is located in the city center. Soldiers are tired after a long transition, they need rest. But an ambitious commander impatient. He insists on the next march to the capital of the Cusco Indians.
Military Council is going to deep night. So without accepting an unequivocal decision, the conquistadors disagree, deciding to continue the debate on the fresh head. But Morning Dawn makes its own adjustments to the strategic plans of conquerors.
The small squad of the Spaniards turns out to be surrounded. The huge forty-skiing army of Incas floated all the surrounding streets, cutting off the conquistadors from the outside world.
Start long negotiations. The Pizarro uses all his intelligence, eloquence, insight and, in the end, agrees to meet with the Supreme leader of the land of Tauantinsuyu.
On November 16, 1532, Ataalpa, surrounded by a numerous suite, is to Kahamark's Square. Under the terms of the contract, the Indians are unarmed.
Our hero is approaching the Supreme Lead, and they talk to the eye for some time. From the outside it seems that the conversation is very friendly and warm. People accompanying Ataualpa are relaxed, lose vigilance.
Suddenly, the conquistadors rush to unarmed Indians. A terrible massacre begins. All the suite dies, no one leave anyone. The Lord of the Empire itself is declared prisoner of the Spanish king.
For his liberation, the Spaniards require piles of gold and silver. The subjects of the supreme leader collect the required amount of precious metals and bring a conquistore. But Ataualpa is not released. On August 29, 1533, he was cunningly killed, and already on November 15, the invaders enter the city of Cusco.
Spaniards capture power, but are not able to manage a huge state. They do not know the customs of this land and understand that they will not be able to keep the people in obedience.
Pizarro puts the supreme leader of Wascara Kapaca, the brother of the murdered. The adventurer hopes that he found himself a worthy assistant, but then the intuition brings him.
Wascar Kapaku raises the uprising and in 1536 hesitate Cusco. The siege lasts six months, but the inconsistent inclusion in such a war is beginning to scatter. The rebellious leader is forced to retreat in the mountains.
Here, in an unavailable area, he creates the Novoan kingdom. It becomes the center of the struggle for independence, which continues for many years. Only after the murder of Waschair Kapaca in 1572 the rebels stop resistance and recognize the power of the Spanish crown.
The further fate of our hero is as follows. He becomes the royal governor, focusing in his hands a huge power and wealth. In 1535, the city of Lima is laid according to its decree. It seems the ambitious Spaniard reached everything that he dreamed of.
But in 1540 there is a strange metamorphosis with it. From the hard, volitional and power leader, it turns into a timid, unsure and conscientious person. His environment feels it instantly.
The result affects immediately. The nearest friend and assistant Diego de Almagro accuses the governor in unauthorized assignment of a large amount of gold. Frightened conquistadors kill even recently adorable commander and comrades.
It happens in 1541, but shortly before his death, the great adventurer talks with one priest and tells him a strange story.
Twenty years ago, he went hunting, fell from the cliff, hit his head about a stone and lost consciousness. I woke up in an unfamiliar place, surrounded by strange people with elongated heads.
These people explained, he had a deadly cranial trauma, but they managed to save the unlucky hunter, making it the trepanation of the skull and replacing crushed bones with gold plates.
The brain also suffered, so there was nothing to the mysterious eskulapam, how to produce manipulations and over the gray substance. In the process of operation, they activated some depressed centers of its hemispheres.
Now our hero internally changed: it became more bold, decisive. His intuition woke up, a spectacular talent appeared, became the perfect memory, the concentration of attention was increased, intelligence improved significantly. True, the Eskulapses could not make a good and disinterested person out of him, as they are strongly limited in time.
To the question of our hero, why did they need all this, mysterious people answered that they could not differently. Thousands of years they are improving human nature, intervening in the vital activity of the brain. Operations are carried out with cyclicity of 15 years. After each shape of the skull changes a little, in the end, the head is pulled out, becoming like a big egg.
History did not keep the name of the priest who was talking to the Great Adventurer shortly before his death. But what is interesting, at the end of the XIX century, the burial was found in Peru dated XVI century. They found several bodies that had elongated skulls. The frontal and occipital bones on them were professionally removed by a surgical way and replaced with gold plates.
In the future, scientists have considered it skillful falsification. Maybe they are right, but in any case the land keeps amazing secrets. The striking fate of Francisco Pizarro is superfluous.
The article wrote Ridar-Shakin
Francisco Pisarro
After the fall of the Tedochtitlan, the activity of Spanish conquistadors increased sharply, they were convinced that in the new world there are cities, full gold. Another leader of conquistadors was lucky almost as Cortes: Francisco Pizarro, along with his squad, won another Indian Empire - the Empire of Inca.
And strange events are associated with this conquest: again the small detachment of the Spaniards overcomes many times superior to the forces of the Indians. What caused the fall of the Incan Empire? Christians considered this finger of God, "returned" of pagan Indians in the Lono of the Church. But was there really a mystical signs of the arrival of the Spaniards or were they all invented already in rear? For his liberation, the Chief of Incas gave a huge redemption, but the treasure of Ataalpa, as well as the treasure of Montesums, mysteriously disappeared.
Francisco Pisarro, the gloomy knight of the Spanish conquest era was one of the most characteristic and - along with Cortes - successful representatives of conquistadors. He was born in 1475. The origin of Pisarro in his life was preferred to be called "dark", so as not to shed light on some nuances of the birth of Francisco: Pizarro was illegitimate. His father was a poor infantry officer, and his mother was a peasant woman who threw her son at birth.
During his great campaign, it was in 1532, he was about sixty years, of which he was good twenty - from the 1510th - he spent on the new light in the blood impregnated with blood. His, as well as many of those similar knights of good luck, led to the hope of emergency enrichment and power. Pisarro quickly gained fame in the local society of selected adventurers: His name threatened on the islands and on the continent, from Mexico to Panama. Pizarro took part in many small robbing raids, in particular in the famous Foreign Expedition. However, gold, which he was lucky to get, somewhere immediately disappeared.
Francisco Pizarro enjoyed the glory of a person who does not recognize mercy, but not also knowing fatigue, despondency and fear; It was brave and completely devoid of morality. Friendship, loyalty to people or words - such concepts did not exist for him. He believed that only a strong will, determination and weapons can be trusted, but in no case is not a person, unless people associate common interests.
In 1502, when in Spain a lot was mentioned about the existence in a new light of fabulously rich areas, Pizarro under the superior of Alonso de Obey sailed to South America.
At the beginning of the 1520s of the Spaniards, settled in the new world, trembled to lead about the Mexican conquests of Cortes. Pisarro and dreamed of a similar grand company himself, only he was going to go not to the north, from where Cortes took out everything that was possible, but dreamed of finding the country of gold in the south. Until now, he could not get so much money to buy or hire ships, to recruit his own army for a major expedition. Now the fate sent him two comrades. One of them, Diego de Almagro, was heard with an old sea wolf, tested by warriors and was in good ten years older Pisarro. He impressed an experienced pirate, an assistant in any enterprise. As for the money, they gave them the second future companion, Hernan de Luke. In beabiting his priest in the Spanish Colony in Panama, he rich and now intended to put his money into circulation.
In the following years, three companions with a small private army committed two relatively large expeditions in the southern direction, to the Pacific shores of Central America. The first expedition was abounded by misadventures, but did not bring big luck. The expedition was published from Panama on November 14, 1524, but was forced to return in 1525. The journey ending with large material and human losses gave one-only result: more or less accurate information about the huge southern empire called Biro, or Peru, where, by rumors, the mountains of gold are waiting for those who will go to them. The companions took possession of the desire to find this unknown fabulous country. According to the report of Juan de Samano, Charles V secretary, for the first time the name of Peru was mentioned in 1525 in connection with the completion of the first southern expedition of Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro.
On March 10, 1526, the companions concluded a deal. Rev. Father De Luke again took over the role of the financier. He got it - no one interested from where - twenty thousand Spanish gold pesos, the amount is very impressive, and provided it at the disposal of companions.
In the contract, they divided the distant empire among themselves, the location of which was not exactly known, about the magnitude and strength, about the prospects for the conquest of which they did not have the slightest concept; The empire, the very existence of which many were questioned.
Triumvirate agreed: de Luke gives money, Pisarro and Almagro put on the card their own life and the life of desperate adventurers who gathered under their banner, and in case of good luck, in which no sensible person in the Panaman colony did not believe, they will do the treasures of the empire to the same Equal parts, which Pater de Luke broke off the consecrated prosperity and (which looked shockingly for the Catholic, but quite ordinary for the "Gentleman of Good luck", which he, in fact, was) blessed his companions and himself, while holding his pirate treaty.
They managed to gain about a hundred sixty adventurers, and they went to the second journey with them. Pisarro sailed in 1526 together with Almagro and Bartolome Ruiz, visiting the city of Incov Tumbes, then returned to Panama. The expedition was more successful. They reached the banks of the Empire Incas and even penetrated the territory of the former kingdom of Quito. Here the Pizarro assembled for his ideas the information about the regime of civil unquencing, about her fragmentation. From the locals, he learned about the large number of gold and silver, adorning the gardens and temples in the depths of their lands. Understanding that military forces need to capture these wealth, Pisarro in the spring of 1528 returns to Spain. With his experienced assistant Pedro de Kandia, he sailed to Europe to report to the emperor Carlo V on the results of intelligence expeditions, about his hopes and plans. In the summer of 1529, Pisarro also met and talked to Toledo with Hernando Cortes.
Pizarro tells with the court about the inconspicable treasures of the Inca, which can be quite simple to get. Karl V gives the Pizarro title of the Governor and the Captain-Governor on all the lands, which he will be able to conquer and control.
Pisarro arrived at the imperial yard, as the way. "The Sacred Roman Empire" Charles V, over which the sun "never enters", again - in which already once! - We needed money, a lot of money.
At the beginning of 1531, Pizarro went to his third expedition to conquer the Inca Empire. March 8, 1533, in order to continue their campaigns in the provinces of Peru, he received from the King of Spain "Requirement" (Requerimiento)the document of Spanish medieval law, officially allowed the conquest of new provinces.
This text is a familiarization fragment.Plan
Introduction
1 biography
1.1 Origin
1.2 Parents
2 youth
2.1 Departure to America
3 Opening Peru
3.1 First Expedition, 1524-1525
3.2 Second Expedition, 1526
3.3 Return to Spain, 1528
3.4 Third Expedition, 1531
4 Inaualpi captivity
5 Fate Gold Peru
6 Conquest Peru
7 Management of conquered provinces
7.1 Stay in Kali, 1540
8 conflict with Diego Almagro and violent death
9 Brothers Pisarro
10 wives and children
11 The first editions about Pizarro
12 Interesting facts
Bibliography
Introduction
Francisco Pizarro-I-Gonzalez (Span. Francisco Pizarro Y González, OK. 1475-26 June 1541) - Spanish adventurer, Conquistador, who won the Empire Inca and founding the city of Lima.
1. Biography
1.1. Origin
Pizarro was born in the city of Trujillo in Extremadura. The exact date of his birth is unknown, as options are called 1471, 1475, 1476 and 1478. Traditionally, the birth of conquistador is considered to be March 16. Early years of life also a bit. Pisarro did not know the diplomas, from which one we can conclude that nobody did his upbringing and training, because he spent his heaven among the peasants. Had a nickname " El Ropero."-" Son of Castelians, "since his mother had a nickname" la Ropera."-" Castelian ".
1.2. Parents
Sant and grandfather Francisco were Don Hernando Alonso Pisarro and Isabel Rodriguez Agilar, who had a son Gonzalo Pizarro Rodriguez de Agilar (Francisco Father) and a number of others. Gonzalez Pizarro, who had nicknames " A long», « Kosovo», « Roman"Was the captain of the priests in Italy. Father never recognized Francisco her son, even illegitimate. After the birth of Francisco, his father married his cousin Francis De Vargas, from which there had many children. After the death of Francisis, he had " numerous extramarital children"From the maid of Maria Alonso (María Alonso) and Maria Bjedma (María Biedma). Father died in 1522, during the war in Navarre. In his testament, compiled in Pamplona on September 14, 1522, he recognized all his children, both legitimate and extramarital; All, except for one - the future Marquis of Don Francisco Pizarro, without mentioning it in the document. Mother Francisk Gonzalez and Mateos after the death of his father Juan Mateos came as the orphan, maid at the Freilas de la Puerta de Coria monastery (El Monasterio de Las Freilas de La Puerta de Coria), there she was seduced Gonzalo Pisarro, And it became pregnant from him, because of what she was kicked out of the monastery and she was forced to live in the house of her mother, and later get married the second time for Juan Casco. In his house and was born Francisco Pizarro.
2. Youth
Junior Francisco went to the soldier in Italy, where he fought in the ranks of the Grand Captain Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba-Aguilar (Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Aguilar, El Gran Capitán). The dismissed from the troops, he returned to the Estramadur to immediately recruit in the retinue, sent in India by his countryman Monk Nicholás de Ovando.
2.1. Sail to America
In 1502, when in Spain there was a lot about the existence in a new light of fabulously rich areas, Pizarro under the superiors of Alonso de Obian sailed to South America. "The governor of the neck founded the settlement of Christians in the place, called the Uracha, where he put his captain and representative of Francisco Pizarro, who later became the governor and the Marquis. In this city or the town of Uracha, the captain of Francisco Pizarro and the Indians of Uracha, and Hunger, and Diseases experienced a lot.
3. Opening Peru
3.1. First expedition, 1524-1525
According to the Huang de Samano report, Charles V secretary, first name Peru Mentioned in 1525 in connection with the completion of the first southern expedition to Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro. The expedition was published from Panama on November 14, 1524, but was forced to return in 1525.
3.2. Second Expedition, 1526
Reggerer Pisarro sailed in 1526 with Almagro and Bartolome Ruiz, visiting Tumbes, then returned to Panama.
Return to Spain, 1528V 1528 he returned to Spain and in the summer of 1529 met and talked to Toledo with Ernan Cortez. Third Expedition, 1531
At the beginning of 1531, Pharroy went to his third expedition to conquer the Empire Incas. March 8, 1533 to continue his campaigns in Peru, he received from the Kings of Spain "Requirement (Requerimiento)", a document of Spanish medieval law, officially allowed the conquest of new provinces.
4. Inaualpi captivity
After the captivity of the leader Inca Ataalp, the Spaniards were proposed for his release, the famous "redemption of ataalp" was proposed, consisting of gold and silver (then repulsed to ingots). Treasures filled the room to the mark at the height of the raised hand. According to the report of the Notary Pedro Sancho, the Governor Francisco Pisarro with his servant and translators received at its division on June 18, 1533 such a quantity: gold - 57220 pesos, silver - 2350 brands. As evidenced on March 15, 1573 Soldier Wascar Sebastian Yakovilka, he " saw that after the death of Atabalipa Don Marquis Francisco Pisarro also killed and ordered to kill a large number of Indians, commander and relatives of the Inca himself and more than 20 thousand Indians who were at the liberty to manage the war with his brother Vaskar».
Konkistador Francisco de Chavez in a letter dated August 5, 1533 argued that Francisco Pizarro implemented a captive of Ataalpi, I first, I first, and his commander, poisoned by monosulfide arsenic (Realgar -), which simplified the task of capturing the ruler, and the Spaniards themselves did not have a significant resistance.
5. Fate gold Peru
The king of his diploma of the commercial house of Seville dated January 21, 1534 ordered the Casteliano gold and 5000 silver brands (in the form of vessels, dishes and other objects), brought by Hernando Pizarro to Spain, " in addition to things amazing and low weight" Letter dated January 26, the king changed its intention to overpay everything into the coin before its further instructions.
6. Conquest Peru
As a result of his conquest, he captured the capital of Incas - Cusco, and in 1535 he founded Lima.
7. Management of conquered provinces
7.1. Stay in Kali, 1540
In 1540, in the city of Kali Francisco Pizarro is a magnificent and friendly film captain Jorge Railed, the conqueror of the Columbian provinces of Angerem and Kimbaya.
8. Conflict with Diego Almagro and violent death
In 1538, between the Pizarro and his companion, the Almagro had a conflict about the distribution of powers. Pisarro won over the opponent in the battle of Salinas, after which Almagro executed. However, then a group of unhappy led by the Son of the executed Almagro organized a conspiracy against the Pizarro, as a result of which he was killed on June 26, 1541.
Sunday morning Pisarro took guests in his palace when 20 people were broken in the house with swords, spears, daggers and muskets. Guests fused, some jumped out straight from the windows. Pizarro defended his bedroom with a sword and dagger. He fought desperately, lubered one of the attackers, but the forces were unequal, and soon he fell from a variety of infused wounds.
9. Brothers Pisarro
Together with Francisco Pizarro, the conquest of South America was carried out by his native brothers:
· Gonzalo Pizarro - illegitimate. Among the 417 persons sentenced to death and confiscation of property or expulscing the license of Xianca for participation together with Tyran, Gonzalo in the uprising, his brother Blass de Soto is listed.
· Juan Pharro - illegitimate.
· Hernando Pisarro, October 1503 - Complete brother, legitimate and eldest son from Don Gonzalo. He belongs to Him "Letter Hernando Pizarro Royal Audience in Santo Domingo, November 1533".
· Francisco Martin de Alcantara - Son of his mother from another father - Juan Casco.
Other relatives for the father's line went to India with Francisco:
· Juan Pisarro and Orelian
· Martin Pisarro.
and cousin:
· Pedro Pizarro. He wrote about the conquest of such a book - "Report on the opening and conquest of the Kingdom of Peru, 1571." After the death of Francisco lived in Arequipa.
There was another relative of Pisarro, the grandson of the daughter of Francisco Pizarro, the historian Pisarro and Orelian, Fernando de, who wrote a book in 1639 Varones Illustres Del Nuevo Mundo (Madrid, 1639), about the expedition on the Amazon River and about the life of Pisarro, his brothers and about Almagro.
10. Walls and children
Francisco Pizarro had a love connection with the Newst - Princess - Ines Vailas (in 1537, who was married to Francisco de Ampuero, which was a Page Conquastador), from which two legity children were born:
· Francisk, 1534 - Born in Haulu (Peru), was the richest heiress of Spain and Peru. In 1552, he married Hernando Pizarro, when she was 18 years old, he was 49. After the death of her husband in 1578, she married Pedro Arias Portocarrero in 1578 (Pedro Arias PortoCarrero).
· Gonzalo Pisarro Jupans, 1535 - died by a child.
Also Francisco Pizarro took a princess Kushirimai Oklo., after baptism, the name of Angelina Jupans; She was Piviavami (Pivihuarmi), that is, the main wife of the ruler Atavalpi. She belonged to the genus Capac Ailu in the top cuzco. After his death on July 23, 1533, Francisco Pisarro took her wife allegedly a thirty-year-old girl. He had two children from her:
· Francisco (Jr.), 1537 (when he was born, Angeline Jupans was about 17 years old). On March 11, 1550, the king orders to send him to Spain. In 1551, Francisco junior and his sister Francisk sail from the New World. In 1557, he died at the age of 20.
· Juan (died in 1543).
11. The first editions of Pizarro
· 1533? Pizarro (Francisco) MARQUIS. // Cortes (H.) Copia Delle Lettere Del Prefetto (Hernando Cortes) Della India, La Nuova Spagna Detta, etc. (Venice? 1533?) 8 °. (Report on the captivity of Ataalp Pisarro.)
· 1534 Letter Announcing The Capture of Inca AtaHualpa, November, 1532. Italian Translation. // Benedetto. Libro di Benedetto. Venice. 1534.
· 1534 (German translation) NEWE Zeitung Aus HeSpanien. Nuremberg. Feb., 1534. (4 sheets.)
· 1534 (French translation). Nouvelles Certaines Des Isles du Peru. 1534. (British Museum Library.)
