To figure out how to calculate the polycarbonate canopy, you need to clearly imagine the design and make a plan or drawing of the construction. By and large, polycarbonate panels are just a coating that determines the total area, but, in addition, there are still racks and slinge system. In addition, among the necessary materials will be connective, angular and end profiles, fastening material and (possibly) lighting. It is important to calculate each item to get a durable and durable structure.
Bent roof garden plot
Please note that the strength polycarbonate is much higher than the similar characteristics of the glass (200 times), plastic and polyvinyl chloride. But not all panels can be bending, so they should be taken into account their structure (sheets with triangular cells are not bent).
First of all, to make the calculation of the carport of polycarbonate, you need to take into account possible mechanical load (snow, wind), from which the thickness of the panels depends. For monolithic panels, the thickness is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 8, 10 and 12 mm, they are called "anti-vandal", since the sheets are difficult to smash the mechanically.
Difference in the structure of cellular polycarbonate
The cellular structure implies not only the thickness, but also the cell configuration:
Monolithic standard polycarbonate sheet
The thickness of the polycarbonate of the cellular structure varies only 2 mm. That is, if the thinnest cell leaf has 4 mm, and the fattest 32 mm, then all intermediate dimensions will be multiple two.
The standard calculation of a monolithic type polycarbonate is made in size 3050 × 2050 mm. If you wish, you can agree with the manufacturer of the change in the perimeter of the panel, but the special price is usually worth it.
Standard size Mesh polycarbonate
Standards for cellular polycarbonate varies in two parameters, it is 210 × 600 cm and 210 × 1200 cm. Long sheets are conveniently used for wide canopies, for example, on collective parking lots with bent roofs, where the joints are made only on side faces. Also on request at the factory cut from 1 m to 9 m, but it is only for color panels.
There is also a profiled sheet where the thickness does not exceed 1.2 mm, but, thanks to the wave, the height of which reaches 5 cm, the strength increases and the stock of precipitation is easily carried out. The standard width is 126 cm, and the length is 224 cm.
Profiled (wavy) polycarbonate sheets
To make the calculation of the carport from the professional flooring, polycarbonate or any other material, it is necessary to take into account the roof configuration and the type of supporting frame. Such canopies make three species - single, duplex and bent (oval). The most complicated is a bent type, but the whole problem is only in the manufacture, but not in operation.
In cases where one side of the frame holds on the wall of the house, the calculation of a canopy from a rectangular pipe will be with a minus half of the vertical supports. That is, one side of the crate holds on the wall of the building. In any case, the sheets of sheets should be a profile, therefore, the distance between them is withstanding 126 cm, 210 cm or 205 cm, but this does not mean that the entire doom consists only of these profiles.
One side is attached to the wall of the house
In any case, the width of the roof must correspond to the parameters of the car and this is at least 3 m, so that there is a free passage. But this length of the profile will cause its deformation (deflection), and this should be avoided, therefore, for a canopy will have to make a rafter system.
When calculating a canopy to the house, you will need 6 vertical supports - only on the one hand, if the design is autonomous, then the risers will be required twice as much - 12 pieces. The principle here is as follows - for each rafter foot, it is necessary to install supports on both sides, but if one side is attached to the building, then the risers are not needed there.
In addition, the length is installed on the length, and for the 6-meter width, they will need 6 pieces - 2 along the edges of the sinks, 2 by columns and 2 in the middle of the roof. If the length of the canopy is 10.5 m, then 10.5 * 6 \u003d 63 m or 63/6 \u003d 11 pieces of profiles. Cellular polycarbonate ends are devastating to the end profile.
Drawing with sizes for a single construction
To calculate a canopy in the yard, it is necessary to take into account not only its width and length, but also the amount of precipitation falling in winter. The fact is that the snow has a strong mechanical load and it will be necessary in some way to restrain. The most optimal option for imparting rigidity to the frame is a triangle - this is the only geometric figure that does not provide for the backlash.
For calculations, the conditioned width of the roof is 6 m, the length is 10.6 m and the polycarbonate is 2100 × 600 mm wide. Rafters can be made from the pipe profile 60 × 40 mm or from wooden board 100 × 50 mm. Of course, metal profile betterwood And its service life practically does not have restrictions in the foreseeable future.
Principle of the rafter design
In the drawing, the construction is shown, where the upper part of the skate has 240 cm, and slinge device consists of 11 triangles - this is the most optimal option. Given the fact that metal profiles usually have 6 m in length, the width will turn out slightly less, but for each rafter foot 6 profiles, taking into account the vertical and inclined jumpers. Total will need 6 rafters and 5 polycarbonate sheets.
Of course, you can save on metal and make only 2 triangles, as shown on the top photo. In this case, the calculation of the carcass of the canopy will be reduced at least 2 profiles for each rafter leg, but if they are 6 pieces, then this is 12 profiles. However, for the average number of precipitation, this is enough - it is possible to calculate a single-handed canopy in budget mode, saving on metal.
Single autonomous design
For duplex roofs, the calculation of the metal skeleton canopy is very similar to one-sided, that is, the rigidity is created by the same triangles. Such canopies, as a rule, are made for large car parks, which exceeds 6 m, that is, there is an opportunity for parking several cars or buses.
The principle of installing polycarbonate does not change - on each junction there should be a profile and in this case it is a rafter legs. The number of triangles directly affects the stiffness of the structure - than them are more, the better. The most optimal option is the following - each temporon meter is divided into a vertical profile, and this figure is divided into two triangles diagonally.
The principle of installation of a duplex
To make the calculation of the metal canopy, you need to immediately determine the size of the roof, and for example, it is possible to consider the same option 10.6 × 6 m. For the coating, it will also need 5 sheets here, but they will have to cut in half, connecting in the center of the skate profile. The amount of metal vertical supports twice the number of rafters, if they are 6 pieces, then the risers will need 12.
Longitudinal beams here need more - 7 pieces - a skating beam is added. TOTAL:
Scheme of a bartal building
If you translate longitudinal beams in pieces, then 10.5 * 7/6 \u003d 12.25 or 13 six-meter profiles. The cross section for such beams is the same with rafters (usually, it is 60 × 40 mm), but for the risers, the pipe is 80-100 mm or a pipe profile of a similar section.
Advantage for duscal roof It is that the calculation of metal structures can be more economical. Two rafting legs with a jumper are already a triangle that can be divided into two parts in the middle. As a result, two figures with horizontal (lower) sides of 3 m will be treated.
It is more difficult to make a canopy with a curved roof with its own forces, as it depends on its bulge here, that is, the bending bend, the more material is consumed. But you can proceed from the same size: 10.5 m in length and 6 m wide, although the width here is reduced by bending.
Curved canopy for a car
The explicit advantage of such a design is to save material when assembling the solo system. For the specified dimensions, it is possible to do only to two or three rapid systems, along the edges and in the midst - all other legs are simply made in the form of an arc without a lower jumper, as in the photo. The curved metal profile, fixed on two supports, is in itself a rigid figure and the question here is only in good fastening of the risers.
In this case, the calculation for the car will consist of 6 bent six-meter profiles, two or three of which are supplied with a jumper and are divided into several triangles. Supports will also need for each arc, it means that there will be 12 pieces. Longitudinal beams are enough 6 pieces:
Clear arched shed
A total of 12 * 10.5 / 6 \u003d 21 and 4 more profiles for jumpers.
It is quite natural that for narrower saws of the material is less consumed, but it is important to consider the length of polycarbonate. That is, if working with 6-meter sheets, they should be used either entirely or cut in half so that there are no waste. In this case, the roof will be 6 m or 3 meters wide, and the length is already adjusted as needed.
As a result, it can be said that the most economical calculation of the canopy will be with the roof of the curved type, although it is the most difficult version. However, in such structures it can be saved on metal profiles, so the benefit is obvious here.
If difficulties occur in the calculation process, you can use special programs and services of professionals.
Increasingly, in the construction of private urban and country houses for wall decoration, roof coverings and visor's device are used modern materials. One of these materials is a cellular polycarbonate, which is great for building and, as well as visors over entrance door and canopies over swimming pools and parking machines.
Polycarbonate canopy with your own hands simple enough, especially since you can find ready-made frame structures that have different configurations and sizes from which you can choose the most suitable for a particular site.
It is easy to build a framework and independently if the canopy will have a straight form - without bends and intricate configurations. The framework does not require a special strengthening of the frame, since the polycarbonate has a small weight and will not give an evil load on the design.
To understand how much this material is suitable for installation, and how to do it right, you need to figure it out a little in its technical and decorative characteristics. So, for canopies, a cellular polycarbonate is mainly used, which will be discussed.
It has a considerable number of unique positive qualities, which makes it in some cases irreplaceable:
If you present some characteristics of polycarbonate of different thicknesses in numbers, they will look like this:
Basic table technical characteristics Structured polycarbonate panels:
| Panel type | Panel thickness in mm | Specific weight in gr. / Sq.m | Strength and module of elasticity when tensile (according to GOST) in kgf / sq.mm | Impact resistance in J. | Heat conductivity indicators (reduced heat transfer resistance) | Absorption of noise, DB (by ASTM E90-83) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strength | Module Elasticity | DIN. | ASTM. | K.WT / M2CO | R (1 / K) | 1000 Hz. | 3000 Hz. | ||||
| SEC | 4 | 800 | 700 | n.D. | n.D. | n.D. | n.D. | 3.9 | 0.26 | n.D. | |
| 6 | 1300 | 1050 | n.D. | n.D. | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 0.28 | 18 | 23 | |
| 8 | 1500 | 1400 | 653 | 20400 | 2.16 | 2 | 3.4 | 0.29 | 20 | 26 | |
| 10 | 1700 | 1750 | 658 | 21300 | 2.332 | 2.48 | 3.1 | 0.32 | 22 | 30 | |
| 16 | 2700 | 2800 | 705 | 22770 | 2.8 | 3.68 | 2.4 | 0.42 | 25 | 34 | |
| 25 | 3500 | 4370 | 707 | 23120 | 2.98 | 3.82 | 1.75 | 0.58 | 30 | 42 | |
Some quality of polycarbonate is advisable to consider in more detail, since this information will help when choosing and installing this roofing material.
Small weight material
Polycarbonate panels weigh not only less glass, but also three times less than the acrylic roofing material of the same thickness. This facilitates the installation of the structure, as it is possible to lift polycarbonate to the height, without resorting to the auxiliary lifting mechanisms. Due to the small mass of the material, you can design the complex structures of the canopy, as they do not particularly grow a framework.
Polycarbonate is happy to use designers who plan to create a modern original building exterior, as it makes the roof of the air and visually weightless. Especially this parameter is pronounced, if a transparent light color coating is selected, and the coating frame is painted in white or made of thin elements.
High traffic frequency
High transmitability of polycarbonate panels is suitable for designs that should be covered from rain and snow, but lightly covered. Sveta over the roof or canopy covered with this material reaches 85-87%, but directly depends on the thickness and color of the material.
Table of transformation coefficients for standard panels in percent, depending on the color and thickness.
| Color material | Size "Premium" | Reinforced | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 mm | 6 mm | 8mm. | 10 mm | 16mm. | 20mm | 25 mm | 4 mm - mustache | 6 mm - mustache | |
| Transparent | 85/87 | 80/81 | 79/80 | 78/79 | 78 | 68 | 60 | 82 | 81 |
| Bronze | 25/24 | 23/22 | 22/21 | 21/20 | 18 | 16 | 15 | ||
| Lactic | 33/34 | 31/32 | 30/31 | 30/31 | 26 | 22 | 20 | ||
| Green | 36/37 | 32/33 | 33/34 | 33/34 | |||||
| Blue | 34/35 | 33/32 | 31/30 | 31/30 | |||||
| Brown | 18/19 | 15/16 | 14/15 | 14/15 | |||||
| Turquoise | 36/37 | 28/29 | 26/27 | 25/26 | |||||
| Yellow | 74/75 | 74/75 | 72/73 | 71/72 | |||||
| Orange | 54/55 | 54/55 | 52/53 | 51/52 | |||||
| Red | 29/30 | 25/26 | 24/25 | 23/24 | |||||
| Burgundy | 10/11 | 10/11 | 5/6 | 4/5 | |||||
| Silver | 33/34 | 31/32 | 30/31 | 30/31 | |||||
| Cheat ice | 80/81 | 79/80 | 79/80 | 79/80 | |||||
| Bronze cooler ice | 24/25 | 23/24 | 22/23 | 21/22 | |||||
The table shows that polycarbonate has a lot of coloring enough, so choose the most attractive design and svetopropusity - Will not be a lot of work. Polycarbonate of any color perfectly disperses sunlight and creates uniform lighting under the roof.
Accessibility
Polycarbonate can be called the most durable of thermoplastic materials, even with mechanical exposure to it in high and low temperatures. By itself, polycarbonate 200 times firmly glass, but, thanks to the internal cellular structure of the panels, the surface when he blows the springs, as if a blowing strike.
The proposed table shows internal structure Panel buildings, and what thickness they are produced.
| Type of structure | Graphic profile scheme | Total thickness in mm | Minimum bend radius in mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single-chamber standard |  | 4 | 700 |
| 6 | 1000 | ||
| 8 | 1400 | ||
| 10 | 1750 | ||
| Two-chamber standard |  | 16 | 2700 |
| Stressed (US) |  | 4 | 910 |
| 6 | 1400 | ||
| Four-chamber |  | 25 | 4400 |
Roofing material is not intended, so how not broken On numerous fragments, as it happens with glass. With a very strong accented impact, it, of course, can give a crack, but will not split into separate parts and is not deformed.
During the test, it was revealed that the Gradin, having a diameter of 45 mm, flying from a height at a speed of 25 m / s, is not able to break through the roof from the panels with a thickness of 16 mm.
Resistance to ultravioleti
It should be noted that the polycarbonate itself is destroyed by the effects of the ultraviolet component of sunlight, and its service life will be no more than 2-3 years, if it is not covered with special sun protection. If the material was initially transparent or milky white, then yellowing will appear on it, or it will become muddy. The impact of ultraviolet makes unprotected panels fragile and brittle. Polycarbonate without a protective film costs cheaper, and many attracts this particular criterion, but, buying this material, it is not necessary to save, since after a couple of years the roof will have to overlap, and this is not only extra spending, but also unnecessary labor costs.
Polycarbonate coated with one, and better - on both sides by a stabilizing coating, you can safely use outdoors, with a direct effect on the sun. In this case, ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength up to 400 nm, dangerous not only for a person, but also for plants, will be weakened by a protective coating, and the rays penetrating through the roof become harmless.
In addition, such a coating will serve a long time, even a little more than the manufacturer guarantees.
If the protective coating panel is installed only one side, Mounting is made by this side out.
The coating is almost completely imperceptible on the surface, so manufacturers designate the desired side with a special marking applied to a polyethylene film.
Chemical exposure resistance
Polycarbonate is sufficiently racks to most chemicals that may fall on it under conditions of use as roofing. However, there are also such substances that destroy this material - chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, alkali and aldehydes. This information can be useful when choosing sealants or other materials that can touch the polycarbonate during installation work or during it. Therefore, purchasing such compositions for cleaning the polycarbonate roof or for its sealing, it is necessary to consult with the seller or carefully examine instructions for use.
Heat insulation
Compared to acrylic panels or with silicate glass, polycarbonate has a big advantage in terms of thermal insulation, where it is necessary, as it has a significantly lower thermal conductivity. Even if the thinnest polycarbonate panels that have a thickness of just 4 mm are used, they are twice the glass to preserve heat, for example, in winter Garden. Polycarbonate with a thickness of 8 mm gives the same effect of developing, as a normal double glazing double glazing, and the material with a thickness of 16 ÷ 25 mm exceeds the indicators of double-glazed windows having a triple glazing.
In summer, the polycarbonate reflects the sun's rays, not allowing to penetrate the excess heat into the room.
In the winter period, when the sun is low, the material misses the rays inward, and this contributes to the heating of the room.
Flexibility of material
The greater advantage of polycarbonate is its flexibility, which allows to build semicircular or cone-shaped roof constructions. Moreover, It is possible to bend it without resorting to heating. By purchasing material for a specific option of the roof, you must definitely pay attention to this indicator as the minimum bending radius for a certain polycarbonate thickness, which can be found in the table presented above.
One of the indisputable advantages - material flexibility Load bearing capacity
This coating can withstand heavy loads due to its high strength. So, with a thickness of 16 mm, it can withstand the load up to 400 kg / m² when the framework arranged under it, even having such a significant size of the crate, as 1000 × 1000 mm. That is, if one square meter is laying 400 kg of snow, the material will calmly solve this load. But such a number of snow is not falling per unit area in nature, so it is not necessary to worry about this. Especially if the canopy will be arranged in the form of an arche, on which snow drifts will not be linger.
Heat resistance
Polycarbonate ignition can occur when exposed to open fire for a long time and reaching a temperature of 560 ÷ 580 ° FROMAt the same time, it is necessary to take into account that wood lights up at + 270 ÷ 300 ° C.
At the same time, polycarbonate is a self-tapping material - if you interrupt open flame contact, it does not support the burning and quickly goes out. When exposed to open fire, the polycarbonate is often tweaked and deformed, it highlights smoke, but does not ignite. Smoke does not contain heavy metals from it, but it has water vapor and carbon dioxide, which can also be harmful to human health.
Easy mounting
For the installation of polycarbonate, some special tools are not needed - it is enough to have a saw, an electrolovka, a screwdriver or a drill, various drills for metal or wood, as well as capable drill holes in the panels.
Due to the fact that the material is easy, with work on its installation it is quite possible to manage independently. The only moment when you need someone's help is laying sheets. The size of the polycarbonate panel is large enough, and it is inconvenient to stack it yourself. There is no one pair of arms here.
Warranty
Firms - Manufacturers of high-quality polycarbonate with protective coating guarantee preservation external view and technical characteristics for 10 years from the moment of its installation. It is necessary to know that usually manufacturers give a guarantee for the minimum life, however, the practice shows that the strong material will last 20 ÷ 25, and even more years without changes in decorativeness and without losing their positive qualities.
Learn how to do, as well as learn the construction instructions, from the article on our portal.
Polycarbonate
In the manufacture of a canopy above the pool, a veranda or parking, polycarbonate ought to replace with another material, so well suitable for these purposes, therefore it is all more often from all roofing coatings.
For proper choice Frame, canopy can be installed separately or attached to one of the walls of the house. Reliable fastening will make it invulnerable for a strong wind, and the material itself will create comfortable conditions for staying people or for parking the car at any time of the year, as it will take place from direct sediments and from destroying ultraviolet rays.
To correctly carry out a canopy, you need to be able to choose the necessary materials and accessories, know some nuances of their structure and purpose.
| Profile type (graphic) | Thickness in mm (a) | Standard width Sheets in mm. For all types Profiles | Distance between ribs Stiffness in mm (D) | Weight g / sq.m | Minimal radius bend for arches, m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 4 | 980 1050 1200 1250 2100 | 5.7 | 800 | 0.7 |
| 6 | 1300 | 1.05 | |||
 | 8 | 11 | 1500 | 1.4 | |
| 1700 | |||||
| 10 | 1700 | 1.75 | |||
| 2000 | |||||
 | 16 | 20 | 2700 | 2.8 | |
| 2800 |
Panels are produced in 6 or 12 meters long. Stiffness ribs are located along the length of the sheet. This data will help correctly calculate the frame design and the number of necessary roofing material for it.
It happens two types:
- the profile in which polycarbonate sheets are inserted from both sides by pulling them into a special groove;
- Deligative profile that consists of two elements. One of them is installed under the sheets of the roof, and the second is put on it, after fixing the polycarbonate to the crate.
The size of the crates depend on, the magnitude of the planned load on the roofing coating. The amount of material can be calculated after the drawing of the frame for the installation of polycarbonate is compiled. It is possible, with a completely permissible share of approximation, not to carry out calculations, and take advantage of the recommendations given in the table.
Table of sizes of the crate of the supporting design under the coating of a cellular polycarbonate (in accordance with the graphic scheme):
| 6 mm | 8 mm | 10 mm | 16 mm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (cm) | In (cm) | A (cm) | In (cm) | A (cm) | In (cm) | A (cm) | In (cm) | |
| 100 kg / sq.m | 105 | 79 | 120 | 90 | 132 | 92 | 125 | 95 |
| 90 | 90 | 95 | 95 | 100 | 100 | 110 | 110 | |
| 82 | 103 | 90 | 110 | 90 | 115 | 95 | 120 | |
| 160 kg / sq.m | 88 | 66 | 100 | 75 | 105 | 75 | 115 | 90 |
| 76 | 76 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 97 | 97 | |
| 70 | 86 | 75 | 90 | 75 | 95 | 85 | 105 | |
| 200 kg / sq.m | 80 | 60 | 85 | 65 | 95 | 70 | 110 | 85 |
| 69 | 69 | 76 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 88 | 88 | |
| 62 | 78 | 65 | 85 | 70 | 85 | 75 | 95 |
You can purchase ready-made bent frames with racks of the desired size and with fasteners. They are sold unchanged and easy to install, but you can not always find a canopy of the required size and shape.
Before work, you must be familiar with some important momentsthat should be taken into account when buying a material, and when installing it.
- For arched structures, we need a material having a thickness of 8 mm;
- For canopies of a small area above the front door, a thickness of 6 mm is quite enough;
- for a large area of \u200b\u200ba canopy, having an inclined direction, a 10 mm thick panels are used;
- For a horizontal canopy with a small bias, you need to choose a polycarbonate with a thickness of 16 mm, as a small slope will contribute to the detention on the roof of snow in winter.
The lower edge of the panel before mounting the end profile is recommended to be sealed with a perforated film that will protect the channels from the troubles mentioned, but will not delay moisture inside.
Prepare in the CE needed and having studied individual nuances, you can move to work.
If it is poured with concrete, simultaneously with its construction you can install both the support columns on which the frame for polycarbonate will be mounted.
To begin with - the playground is preparing 
A layer of sand at 50 ÷ 70 mm is covered with a fenced area, wetted and tamped. The gravel or crushed stone is stacked on top of it, which also needs to be sealing. The entire prepared area establishes an armature framework.
If the columns are planned to be installed on top of the finished platform, then when installing the reinforcement frame, the mortgage elements are mounted to which carrier racks will be attached.
After that, the formwork is completely filled with concrete mortar and is well aligned.
If the racks are not yet installed, they are fixed on the elements with prepared holes embedded in concrete.
If wooden columns are installed, they must be processed in advance and cover paint. When installing them into the soil or in concrete, their lower part is recommended to be treated with tar or bitumen mastic.
Provided if it is planned to make a smooth scope or two skates, the framework is installed from smooth square pipes or wooden bars. As you can do, you can find out by following the link to the relevant article of our portal. But, still Polycarbonate canopy is best to do in the form of an arch - this form is optimal for dispersion of light and to protect the platform from rain and snow.
If the canopy is wide enough, the arched frameworks are also manufactured as a farm with additional retaining parts.
Thus, all other sheets are mounted.
For clarity - video on the device.
If the installation of the material is carried out according to all the rules and using all the elements intended for its long-term operation, the coating will serve quite a long time without repair and without particularly difficult care.
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An important part of the exterior of the country house is a canopy. It is designed to protect part of the yard from precipitation and ultraviolet rays, and also performs a decorative function. A small plot closed on top of the material is canopies attached to the house. Photos of such structures can be seen in this review. In this case, the structures are derived to the desired height. Attachment to the ground structure implies the mount of one side of the structure to the wall of the house.
Attachment allows you to create a magnificent outdoor recreation area
Canopies attached to the house can be made with their own hands. The photo displays the main stages of mounting. Framework is often performed from a profiled tube or bar. A similar design adjoins the wall and takes on the load from the snow accumulated on the roof.
The roof is usually covered by a straightened, slate or galvanized material. Metal for frame design has plasticity and durability. It is suitable for different design styles. Similar structures can be erected with your own hands.
The frame system of wood is remarkably combined with other materials. The tree is suitable for most architectural solutions. Before use, this material should be treated with protective drugs. Most of polycarbonate attached to the house, which can be found on the Internet, are becoming increasingly popular.
Polycarbonate is distinguished by the simplicity of assembly and a variety of color palette
Polycarbonate enjoys the following advantages:
Helpful information!By purchasing a design kit for self-assembly, it is necessary to check the integrity and strength of all connections.
Sheds attached to the house, as shown in the photo, there may be two types. These are console models and canopies on supports. The console variant can be any length, but its width should not be more than two meters. Support structures can be used for different purposes.
Sheds can have a different purpose:
Article on the topic:
Often homeowners choose wood canopies. Such structures have an excellent set of characteristics:
Helpful information!For comfortable use, the canopy should take care of the light and installation of lighting devices.
Awning from a professional flooring can be performed in various configurations. Single, double and arched structures are created from the corrugated. In addition, the construction of this material has the following features:
Important!A strand floor carp is mounted only by galvanized self-drawing, which have sealing rubber.
Choosing a design project, it is worth defining the following parameters:
Before installation work, drawing must be performed. Based on the size of the construction, the required amount of material is determined.
Helpful information!When creating a canopy under the car, it is worth considering the passage of a car with a cargo.
Before the planned canopies attached to the house, which can be found on the site, must be made. preparatory work. For this, there is a suitable playground, and trees are hardened on it. Pure plot is aligned. At the same time, sand and crushed stone sweep.
Under the supports of the canopies are recessed. And at this stage it is worth considering cable gasket for lighting sources. The definite layout step is selected. It depends on the severity of the roof and the framework.
In the prepared pits, racks are lowered concrete mixture. Poles are exhibited by level.
Important information!If the groundwater is closely located, then the ends of the columns are required to be additionally hydroizing. Metal supports are pre-treated with primer.
After 12-15 days after the complete pouring of the concrete, you can start the construction assembly. The brackets are mounted on the wall, and then on top of the transverse beam.
Top strapping is performed. The end parts of the racks are connected using the transverse beam and among themselves. At the same time, parallel laid profiles are used. The metal frame system is welded with each other, and the wooden is tightened with steel corners.
Welding places are cleaned, processed by primer and color. The rafters are mounted in transverse parts with a pitch of 600 mm. To the carrier beam, the design is attached using steel corners. The lamp is laid across rafters and mounted by self-draws.
Roofing sheets are cut in size. Then attach to the crate. Previously in polycarbonate are done by the holes for the self-tapping screw.
To facilitate water removal, cells should be directed down. Working with plastic, do not forget to leave the gaps between. The dimensions of the holes should be made with a reserve of 2-3 mm. There are some features of the installation of the roof from other materials.
Brooks can be used by wood bars. Over time, cracks may appear in the material, which will reduce the stiffness of the structure. After mounting the beams, transverse boards are installed, and the metal tile is fixed. Installation of this material is made from the lower sheets. It should be borne in mind that there must be the backstage of the upper sheets to the bottom.
Polycarbonate canopies - street structures, universal for economic purposes. Material Easy, flexible, translucent in big color gamma, convenient format, represented in different thicknesses, which allows you to construct moods of simple and complex curvilinear form. Buildings look easily, elegant, do not overload the landscape, fit into any stylistic solution of the architectural ensemble on the site.
In the article we will give step-by-step instructions, how to make a canopy of polycarbonate with your own hands, how to choose the right form, calculate and design the design.
The manufacture of carports from polycarbonate has become popular, due to the ease of installation, the practicality of the material, aesthetics of the buildings. There are:
Sheds attached to the house from polycarbonate, photos of large curved attacks
These are facilities simple rectangular or complex, curvilinear form, sometimes two-storey, such as a garage or summer kitchen. Open I. closed typeFor this, the side walls are glass, isolated with panels, beautiful grid, clapboard, block mobile, or close with dense curtains.
Indoor canopy from polycarbonate
Polycarbonate Polycarbonate Handed To House, Krivolynaya Roof Photos
Canopies are supporting vertical poles and a roof. The frame is made of wood, metal, less often from concrete, stone, brick.
Typical drawing of a detached carport of polycarbonate
Wooden canopies with polycarbonate roof
Making canopies and visors from polycarbonate on a wooden basis - the most budget and easy way to independently make a small architectural form on the site. Work does not require professional equipment, sufficiently household hand tool. To build a wooden canopy from polycarbonate with their own hands, a laminated and profiled 100 * 100 or 150 * 150 mm, rounded logs ∅150-200 mm, tree trunks, the same material is made from the same material. For the rafter system of cozpostrokek, according to SNiP, a cutting board is required 40 * 100 mm.
Sketch wooden shed from polycarbonate
The main disadvantages are flammable, poor moisture resistance as a result - rotting, fungal lesions, loss of strength, aesthetics. Rodents, minor bugs can cause substantial harm to carry elements. Wooden visors and polycarbonate canopies must be processed with fire-resistant compositions, an antiseptic, a solid finishing protective layer of oil or varnish.
Canopy from polycarbonate attached to the house, in the photo Building with broken roof
Metal canopies
Before making a polycarbonate canopy metallic frame, You should choose the type of construction:
Canopy to a house from polycarbonate, on the photo suspended forged cantilever visor
For canopies from polycarbonate up to 5 m, a profile with a wall thickness of 2 mm is used, a cross section of 40 * 20 mm, for the buildings more than 5.5 m, it will take 3 * 40 * 40 or 2 * 30 * 60 mm.
An example, how to make a carport of polycarbonate with your own hands, arched design drawings
The iron canopy will serve not one dozen years, although his main enemy is corrosion. It is necessary to clean the details of the rigid brush from rust, scale, oil spots, walk by abrasive over the entire surface, then rinse with solvent. Next covered with soil, paint, better hammer paint, it copes well with chemical biological and mechanical loads.
Sketch of the suspension canopy of polycarbonate above the entrance
Brick, stone and concrete
Brick, concrete, stone canopies made of polycarbonate in the yard look impressively, but easily, not cumbered, thanks to the translucency of polycarbonate. Do not require care during operation, fire resistant, well tolerates harmful atmospheric influences, physicomechanical impacts, the truth is suggested significant temporary and financial expenses. If the canopies from other materials can be disassembled, transfer, then such structures are stationary, their dismantling is impossible.
Polycarbonate canopies, photos interesting ideas Presented in the gallery, also in the network of pictures and projects there are quite a lot, there are single and double, arched, cascading, less often there are cones, dome, wave-like.
Typical variants of polycarbonate canopies
Making the base does not represent difficulties, it is enough to take into account the wind, snow loads in the region, but the rafter system requires major calculations.
Cascading Polycarbonate Polycarbonate
The easiest option is a single carport of polycarbonate, the optimal angle of inclination of the roof is 22-30 o. The rafters are made of wood either this farm is a horizontal, an expedited or triangular frame with supporting disclosures, racks at an angle inside the main structure.
Schema for a single construction
To create a project you need:
Double Polycarbonate Canopy - Project with Forged Elements
Farms are calculated according to the SNiP Regulations in Section 2.01.07-85, it is difficult for independent computing, engineering education is required, also special software. To avoid errors it is recommended to use an online calculator or take ready project. The loads and exposure are indicated in the standards standards in part 2.01.07-85, the rules for the manufacture of metal structures - P-23-81 SNiP.
Arched canopies from polycarbonate, in the photo Sketches for small buildings
To not be confused in difficult computing, use the recommendations:
Simple schemes, how to make rafters for canopy from polycarbonate
Calculation of a carp of polycarbonate from the profile pipe
We take a canopy, size 6000 * 4000 mm, this is an ergonomic solution: a comfortable gazebo or covered parking for a car.
Standard polycarbonate size width and length:
For private buildings, the thickness of the sheet is 5-12 mm.
Polycarbonate performance table
Farms must be placed under each edge and middle of the sheets, so the distance between them will be 1 m.
For the racks, take the pipe ∅80-100 mm, the step is 2.0 m along the long side of the canopy. For roof:
Perpendicular jumpers will be installed every 0.5 m from each other.
Standard scheme of a small farm
To weld metal canopies for the cottage from polycarbonate, you must perform a number of conditions:
Drawing of asymmetric arched canopy
Practical construction
We place a place under the poles, dig a holes, a depth of 700 mm, we make a pillow 100 mm sandstone, 100 mm rubble, trambam. At the bottom pour 100-200 mm of concrete into it install a pillar, insert with effort, circular movements so that it goes deep into. We fill with concrete to the pit, check the vertical on the plumb, if necessary, correct, also strengthen the supporting hodges.
IMPORTANT: Professionals recommend placing supports Always along the house, but if there is no such possibility, then the beam 60, 80 * 80 mm should be planted on the anchor, to drink farms on it, connecting with welding, it will allow you to dissemble the load over the entire surface.
Way how to fix vertical supports
When the solution completely stood, the poles associate over the glovers, check the geometry, diagonally must be equal.
Farms are better to cook on Earth, according to the selected scheme, the most common are presented in the photo above. Ready details are raised, distributed evenly on the strapping, in our case, through each meter. The attachment nodes of the longitudinal planks and rafters are performed using steel slabs, as well as welding or bolted compound.
The next step is the lamp (perpendicular runs), from the pipe 20 * 40 mm, with a step of 400-600 mm to it and the sheets will be attached. Ready metal structures are cleaned, then color.
Ramans will strengthen the framework, this will allow you to fix the polycarbonate more secure
Look at video tips, how to properly attach a canopy from polycarbonate to the house, it will help to avoid global errors during construction with your own hands.
How to work with polycarbonate
Cut the polycarbonate is better than a circular saw equipped with a carbide disk with undiluted fine teeth. Making holes are a drill with a metal drill, between rigidity ribs. At the top ends of the cellular panels, set the planks and self-adhesive tape for sealing, the lower - it is impossible to close.
In total there are 2 ways:
How to fix polycarbonate on a canopy using a thermoshaba
Photo instruction, how to fix polycarbonate to a metal carcass metal frame with a profile
There is also a wet method, the panels are attached to the smear, but if you make a canopy with your own hands, it is better to limit the 2 previous advice.
Types of polycarbonate attachment to the crate
Arched canopies made of polycarbonate and other structures, 30 photos, as well as schemes and types of farms, manufacture and installation of a canopy of polycarbonate with their own hands
Living in a private house, stupid constantly stand in four walls. And for a comfortable stay on the adjacent area, some kind of roof is necessary. Preferably near the house. Or in other words - canopy.
Polycarbonate canopies. Durable and practical design.
Canopy, if you remove the whole husk, it is primarily a roof. He can be:
In any case, the presence of walls is not stipulated. And the coating form varies quite strongly. But gradation is satisfied simple. The coating may be:
1. Direct. It in turn is divided into:
2. Figure. They have more gradations:
Various venue options. For every taste.
For the manufacture of a canopy with their own hands, the curly options are better not to consider. They require enviable skill and availability of equipment for creating bent profiles in strict accordance with the drawings. At the same time, the curvatures of the guides should be sustained along the entire length of each plank. The slightest deviation, visibly manifest itself at the time of installation.
Direct canopies, do much easier. Time to create them will be required no more than one day, and they will be happy to please you for quite a long time.
Stopped on a straight track. Make it with your own hands, but we must deal with the number of rods and degrees of inclination.
The double canopy is usually performed above the entrance door. He provides protection against rain in open door. And no more. Its dimensions are too small to be resting under it. Organization of a dupping canopy of large sizes will require an unjustified increase in the cost of materials. So, there is a single carport.
With an inclination angle, it is somewhat more complicated. To do this, you need to consider a single carport in the context. It looks like a rectangular triangle, who has:
For the organization of a canopy, you will need:
Polycarbonate for canopy is suitable as it is impossible for the following reasons.
For a canopy, it is best to use a cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of 8 mm.
And most of all bribes his long service life - 10 years.
Choosing a color, prerogative of the owner, but we would recommend green.
The length and width of the canopy are selected purely individually. It is impossible to make recommendations, not knowing the size of the house and your desires. As a recommendation, we will advise you to make a hand length of a multiple 2 m. This will avoid unnecessary work on fitting polycarbonate.
For calculating number required materialFor the device canopy from polycarbonate you will need to measure multiple planes.
To calculate the length of the bar, we will consider canopy with a context, that is, as a triangle. And remember the school course of geometry for grade 6. And so, we have:
The timing of various sizes will be required.
And that will require the material of the following dimensions:
Consumables: Self-tapping screws for timber and polycarbonate, plates and corners for mounting timber, cement bag and 3 bags of PGS, a kilogram of steel fiber, two studs 1 30 and ∅2 cm.
There are many options for installing columns. Which one to choose is to solve you.
Marking, and installing pillars
I designate a place on the ground for the future canopy with such a calculation, so that the long side (6 m) he lightened to the wall of the house. As a result, two corners of the canopy will fit to the house, and two will be at a distance of 4 m. In these two corners, pits need to dig. Poam depth, you must adjust the height of the canopy. That is, given the height of asbotic columns (4 m) + height of the bar (0.2 m), you define the height of the canopy. In this case, remember - the minimum depth of the pit must be 1 m.
At the bottom of the pits, the sand layer is 10 cm and installed pillars. The distance between the columns should be 5.85 m. Note, the distance is measured not between the centers, but between the nearest points. Considering that 7.5 cm is half a diameter, then in the amount, the distance between the column centers will be 5.85+ (0.075 + 0.075) \u003d 6 m.
In the same way, the distance from the wall to the pipe is controlled, but the distance is already 3.93 m.
IMPORTANT: In both cases, the distance should be the same all over the entire height of the pillar. This confirms the verticality of the installation, which is controlled by a plumb.
The lower part of the pillar should be wrapped with a piece of rubberoid, which from the inside it is necessary to lubricate with solidol. Such a procedure, in a coupe with a sandy pillow, will protect from squeezing the support with a possible ground swelling during frosts.
Concreting supports. For dispersed reinforce, use steel fiber in an amount of 0.7% of the total volume of the mixture.
The pit is covered with a large rubble, and on top poured small, 20-30 cm, layer of concrete. At the same time, concrete must be pouring into the pipes themselves. Such an operation will serve as an insurance of support sustainability, in case of damage. The volume of one pipe is ∅15 cm and the out of 4 m, approximately 70 liters. There are about 200 liters of concrete on the pouring of two poles and pit. To knead it, use the cement bag and 3 bags of PGS. IMPORTANT: on top of each pipe, you need to drown in the concrete flush, a pre-prepared wooden cube with a face of 10 cm. The timber will be attached to it. For better fixation, in the lower side of the cube, you can slightly screwing several large screws.
After the fill, check the verticality of the installation and the distance between the checkpoints.
Time set concrete sufficient for further work, at an air temperature of 20-25 ° C, about 3 days. During this time, you can perform the second stage.
Mounting support on the wall of the house
On the wall it is necessary to fix 2 horizontal bars.
Lower timber, litter, must be fixed at such a height so that its upper side is 20 cm above, the level of the pillar.
The top bar, the ski run, is fixed parallel to the ice. At the same time, the distance between them should be 2.1 m. Taking into account the size of the skate run, it will give a height of 2.3 m. That is, it will allow to withstand the angle of inclination of 30 °.
Both bars are attached to the wall with the help of the corners that have around each element. Such an approach is less complicated, because it is extremely difficult to twist the screws into the wall, through a ram with a thickness of 100 mm. Corners should be twisted through each 70-80 cm throughout the perimeter of the bar. One element will require 15-17 corners.
Between the skate run and the ice, two vertical timers are installed. They can be placed at 20-30 cm from the edge of the structure. It should be fixed only to horizontal design elements through plates and corners.
Important: during work, constantly monitor with laser level horizontal adjacent elements. And before twisting the screws in the bar, be sure to drill the hole ∅1.5-2 mm.
Laying Mauerlat, mounting rafters and bouts
After soaring the concrete, you can determine at the place of Mauerlat. It is placed on the end, and for its fixation it is necessary to drill two through holes (one on each side). The continuation of these holes should be in wooden cubes that are recessed in the posts. Studs are inserted into these holes 1. Hard mount here will not be required. Since Mauerlat will be pushed by a common weight of the structure, and a small vertical mobility will protect the design from destruction in the event of grounding of soil in winter.
Mounts are performed using corners and plates.
Important: When working with Mauerlat, check its horizontal with a laser level. Remember that the upper end of the Mauerlat must be in the same plane, with the top end of the ice.
The next step is fixing the bouts. The first two of them are attached with the edges of the structure and are fixed with the corners on the sides and on top, and the plates from the bottom. Pay attention, Mauerlat and Liezhalan, have a height of 200 mm, and the contractions - 150. Therefore, they need to align on the bottom end!
After fastening two extreme battles, the remaining 4 are installed and fixed, at an equal distance from each other.
The last step is the installation of rafters. Start work with extreme elements. But in contrast to the fights, each line must be styled from the ends for dense fit on both sides: to the skate pass and the corner between Mauerlat and the fight. An important feature This stage is the ability to determine the quality of previous work.
The fact is that all six rafters should be equally marked if the accuracy and scrupulousness of previous works was carried out on high level. Therefore, first attach one rafter to the place of fixation, mark the seats, and after fitting, try to apply it to the remaining 5 points. If the discrepancies are not too big, then the reason may be in linear defects of lumber. And with the coincidence of parameters for all 6 points of fixation, the work can be considered performed on excellent.
Space Mounting Scheme
But you must first prepare, put and fix all the rafters. Remember that on the upper part of the rafter there should be no protruding hats of self-tapping screws, and even thread plates.
Nastil cellular polycarbonate
At the last stage, you need to lay only three polycarbonate sheets. The first sheet can be fixed, without advancing it, and fixing the screws from the stairs or the stepladers of the attached side. At the same time, the self-tapping screws must be twisted into each rafter, the step between each element of the fixation 50 cm.
Each sheet of cellular polycarbonate from the ends is closed by a profile, and the connecting indefinite profile must be consolidated between them. When fastening the second and third sheet, to twist the screws, it will be necessary to climb the surface of the canopy. To prevent polycarbonate from damage and own security, the board is used, a width of 40-50 cm. On which the steps are stuffed. This stage of work is still better to perform together, using a safety, assembly belt.
It is necessary to work with the stairs, so keep care and accuracy.
Do not forget the following points:
By and large, such beautiful canopy Already can not be done better. But under it, you can make original lighting. Suppose with the help of LED tape.
If necessary, the triangular ends of the canopy can be closed with a cellular polycarbonate. Moreover, this will require only two cuts of a standard width (2 m) and 2.4 m long.
If desired, you can organize a circular curtain of a tarapulin or tarpaulin. Some owners of such canopies are suitable for this creative, and such curtains can be very quickly rolling into a roll and fixed on top.
The main thing - a canopy of cellular polycarbonate collected with their own hands is already there. And decoration and decoration, this is a matter of time.
Sheds to the house of polycarbonate with their own hands, photo, instructions, drawings, video
Polycarbonate fully deserves the name of the Great Unknown. It is widely used to build the lungs, durable and inexpensive shelters: canopy from polycarbonate can be seen everywhere from the center of Moscow to Taimyr, and in the polycarbonate it is possible to remove the crop of vegetables and fruits in the Polycarbonate. In polycarbonate structures easy and inexpensive are high functionality with exquisite aesthetics. (See Fig.) And at the same time, most of them can be made for domestic use with their own hands, owning only initial working skills.
At the same time, the widely available sources of information on the use of polycarbonate are informative somewhere at the level of the instruction, how to lean the nest. Indeed, the slab cellular polycarbonate has wonderful properties and work with it is easy. But this The visible simplicity is based on a very complex scientific and technological basis.
The strength, reliability and durability of buildings from polycarbonate cannot be increased by a simple increase in the mass of the material in the design, like stone. And build them using the average-generalized parameters, multiplied by the "latchless" safety reserve coefficients, too. You need to stay within a certain optimum, otherwise the result may be reverse. What is this optimum, how to get into it and stay there? This article is written about this. In it we will analyze questions:
As a substance, polycarbonate is one of the types of organic glass, a transparent polymer, in the chain molecules that carbon atoms with organic radicals, carbon radicals and benzene rings regularly alternate. Opened from was by chance in Germany in 1898. When trying to improve just synthesized analgesic codeine. The first researchers paid attention to its good, better than that of silicate glass light-resistance, heat resistance and high, over 250 kJ / sq. m, shock viscosity. Simply put the polycarbonate beats very badly and ourselves, and outside the flame self-pulling. It turns out the polycarbonate is also not difficult, as a result of a single-stage chemical reaction without catalysts, at normal temperatures and pressure.
However, the production was the first, in the 30s of the last century, they went to the production of plexiglas of other origin, plexiglas and the routex. The specific reaction of polycarbonate for ultraviolet radiation (UV, UV, UltraViolet) has been prevented. Under its action, the material not only quickly grunted, but also cracked, losing strength. Industrial production of massive polycarbonate managed to establish for the first time only in 1953, too, in Germany.
The "polycarbonate revolution" occurred in the mid-70s in Israel. There feverishly built kibbutzs on the captured Arab lands, and the settlers needed food, incl. fruits and vegetables. Grow tomatoes with cabbage in open soil In the desert is useless, so it was decided to build greenhouses with drip irrigation. However, the glass turned out to be expensive, heavy, and the winds of the desert broke them without any participation of offended Muslims.
Then the Israelis and invented, the first, to expose polycarbonate extrusion, i.e. Melting in a softened state through profiled nozzles - die. It stabilized the mechanical properties of polycarbonate and improved their order. The second - on the outer surface of the plates began to apply a two-layer protective coating from UV: the first layer reflected its large part, and the next absorbance absorbed. So there appeared cellular polycarbonate, see fig. And the sheets of massive now began to extrude or cast under pressure, and also apply a UV filter on them.
Like all cellular materials, polycarbonate has a very sharp threshold of fatigue and destroyed catastrophically: Suddenly and without warning signs. It is worth it and stands the construction, like this, and then - fuck! Bach! - collapsed. For a new car or a harvest with a harvest, income from which feeds the whole family.
Further, a cellular polycarbonate sheet refers to the number of working materials. Those., ON. not just lying on the frame and transmits a load on it, but he himself perceives it and redistributes. Excessive thickness and / or incorrectly selected stove structure (see below) not only weighing and gaining a design, but also give it excessive rigidity. The loads will be badly spread, and the whole structure is quick, but will quietly sew on the threshold of fatigue, with all flowing.
You can reduce the likelihood of "trachbach" to zero, if the design and construction of polycarbonate is not on the Nativity, but according to the calculation results, the purpose of which is: a) select the optimal plate size; b) develop a frame for it. In the process of calculating, it is necessary to achieve the optimum of the strength of the sewing so that the natural and operational exposure does not exceed it.
Finally, the UV protection of the plate comes into force only under the influence of air and sunlight oxygen, and the surface strength of the plate falls. Nothing can be done, the best UV filter for polycarbonate has not yet come up.
Based on all this, you can already specify general cellular polycarbonate handling rules:
Such precaution is necessary because the UV filter initially is a thin layer of sticky of the jelly-shaped mass, like velcro on the tape. If the slab under the film is left in the light, then the photochemical reaction will begin in the UV filter, it will stop the film and the stove and come into disrepair together.
Cellular polycarbonate, in addition, which itself works in the composition of the power scheme, in some cases suitable for use in a pre-intense state. What is pre-tense structures (PNA), explain probably not worth it. Ostankin Telbashnya is known to everyone.
A canopy for cars - the structure is very responsible, especially if the car is under it for a long time. In the summer, by the way, it is better to keep the car under a canopy, and not in a stuffy and sunken garage. Therefore, in this case, it will be advisable to use the principles of PNA. It will make it possible to significantly reduce the cost of metal for the frame and concreting. In this way, you can build simple and inexpensive, on absolutely reliable canopies of different capacity (pos. 1-3 in Fig.)
How - let's see below, but first it is worth discussing common mistakes. The first, in places with the prevailing winds of one direction, autonavissas is often made by inclined to the port, pos. 4. For fasteners and cafes / restaurants, where the main thing is to cover the weather from the weather from the car, it is not bad, but for a long-term personal / family parking lot can be just dangerous.
The fact is that in such places, if you decide from the opposite side, it is strong. And the inclined canopy now works as a wing that creates a huge lift force. If a canopy on the 2-poles (pos. 4; By the way, it is twice as much as the same on the 4th in the corners), then it will simply be demolished. And if on the 4th, then a pillar with a concrete "baby" can be extended from the soil oh go bother on the car. Pardon, now not-insurance metal.
In windy places, the inclined canopy for the car is good as an extension to the house; Anyway, in the browstur or from the leaf. Under the aerodynamics to perform it better arched (pos. 5). The design of the type of wing with the predetermined / closed (pos. 6) is original, then requires more material, work, and under the curved edge in bad weather there will be a twin / snowy animal.
For a free carport, the optimal design shown on the poses is optimal. 7. If the predominant wind is weak or moderate, which happens in most cases, then the wind orient the convex part of the canopy. In winter, it is allowed to reduce the snow load, see further on the calculation of canopies. If "grows" from the reverse side, then the wind pressure on the flat part is only stronger fit to the ground, and the cloud of Morossa will be attributed far away.
In the specifications on cellular plates, it is directly stated that bending them (and not bending to irreversible deformations!) You can only be across the inner ribs of stiffness to be perpendicular to bend, and not on it. But some types of polycarbonate can be bend under little limits and along, as shown on the left in Fig. Then the roof of the flooring and forms the PNA, very strong and rigid; The size of the crate cell can be done in all conditions (see below for the calculation) from 1.5x2 m. Arched canopy PNA for one car in size in terms of 3x4 m will require a minimum consumption of material and work.
Note: On the types of polycarbonate, its choice and design of the metal frame will then be described in more detail.
PNA made of hard plastic and concrete have another useful property: Over time, the material "Obtains" in the new state and the design techniques are improved. Remember how the Ostankino Tower led during a memorable fire. And replaced the tightening ropes - and nothing, worth it, as stood, is broadcast. What broadcasts is not a question for the builders, they look like everyone else.
If the canopy is a simple visor, (on the left in fig.) And its ridges are performed as a simple frame that is fastened to the wall of the building. If a canopy is free on the pillars in the form of a full arch, then the ridge should be done by the fun with the parameters as for the next case.
With a width of a canopy over 3.5-3.6 m, arched or scanty, the roof rafters should be fermented. Widespread designs on material consumption are clearly redundant. To harm the strength, this does not go, because The frame is metallic or wooden, but the cost of money and work requires more.
Optimize farms can be optimized at well-known aviators the principle of variable steps of the subchoves. To do this, when designing a farm, an angle at the vertices of its cells are kept constant, the average pos. The dysproit profile profile is 1.5-2 times less than on the pillars, strapping and arcs / shoulders rafters.
The PNA principle can also be used in a metal frame, on the right in Fig. It will create a sizes in terms of 4x6 m, having only 4 pillars, 3 rafters from segment arches with a guide, one skate run, 3 supports and 2 diagonal bonds of half size, right in Fig. 2 standard (2.1x6 m) polycarbonate sheet bent correctly, across, will go on the roof.
The essence is that under the wind and snow do not give the set to sprawl-go angles, and the diagonal connections are kept. So that they work as needed, the pillars need to push away from the very corners on the 1/3 step of the rafter, and the crossroads of diagonals to weld to the theater of the middle ark.
But the main secret is in tightly stretched steel 4-6 mm steel cables inside diagonal ties. They are attached to the frame of excellent stiffness without prejudice to elasticity. Tightening the cables need screws, no spring will give the required effort. Twice a year, in spring and autumn, the stretch is checked and the cables are tightened. Cables are needed only flexible stranded double spirals. Simple single-core spirals will quickly weaken, and the Crosses are not suitable at all.
A canopy over the porch is not so responsible as a car, less size And attached to the wall of the building above the entrance. Therefore, the technical requirements for it are lower, and the aesthetic above.
The checked in any climatic zone of the Russian Federation almost always provides a simple, without a tightering theater, a radius arch with two pits, pos. 1 in fig. It is possible to use the PNN described above, then the entire canopy will consist of only 3 parts, pos. 2. If the removal of a canopy is more than 1.5 m, then it makes sense from the sub-vehicle to refuse, and in the corners, pushed the visor by pods, pos. 3.
In general, pillars are not a hopper, especially if the porch is high and with railings, pos. 4. But with a low porch with radius steps, the poles only require excess work, interfere with the passage and spoil the view, pos. 5. Exception - regions with emergency snow and wind loads, but shown in pos. 5 House is clearly not in such.
If the visor on design is required without a subpatch, then it needs to be taken deep, as on the pos. 6 So that the wings of the arch perceived the same loads. The strength and rigidity of the slab cellular polycarbonate fully allow such a solution.
However, the removal of the subsoil should be at least one third of the carport's deposancy. The case is already in the wall of the building and the frame, they are not polycarbonate. With too small pins (pos. 7), the polycarbonate itself will stand, but the wind frame can break or turn off the entire visor from the wall.
Original, but the aerodynamically unsuccessful solution is shown for pos. 8. Well, who where when did you see the wing on the rack only in front or behind? It will turn it at speed; For the porch - with strong wind. Stands are made on the edges or one in the middle, but this option is not suitable for the porch.
Generally speaking, the mechanical qualities of polycarbonate for the visor above the door are not so important. More significantly that this material allows you to get a beautiful canopy only at the expense of your own decorative qualitieswithout resorting to the designer services.
The second aesthetic dignity of polycarbonate - he, in itself, smooth and brilliant, visually perfectly combined with the metal. The roof of polycarbonate is even a conventional structural steel, painted black paint. It works here. dominant top. The product, in itself, is coarsely coarse, sophistication is becoming sophisticated under the elegant roof.
For example in fig. Below are a shed drawings over the entrance to the house. Its feature, firstly, in the fact that the side decorative elements do not carry mechanical load and can be performed by any taste of the wizard. The second is to make them, a fairly ordinary plumbing workshop, dear art forging is not required. And the third - thanks to a properly calculated polycarbonate, a pipe-resistant roof lamp can be made any, from 30 mm, diameter, from a regular or stainless pipe, and change their length widely. All this together gives a visual ease of canopy.
Note : One of the ways, how to make a canopy yourself over the porch of polycarbonate without the use of welding, see the video below. For a beginner wizard, this is essential.
To understand what should be cozy and comfortable from polycarbonate should be understood in the question: why do not build residential premises from it? And polycarbonate showers and beach booths - big rarity? You did not think about it?
The fact is that polycarbonate is better than silicate glass, missing light, at the same time better reflects the thermal (infrared, IR) radiation. From here - strong greenhouse effect. The visible light, getting into the room, is absorbed in it, why everything inside heats up, radiating IR. And it is again reflected inside. To create a microclimate in the greenhouses, this is just what is needed. But residential premises will be unbearable by pair.
The greenhouse-polycarbonantic effect is already affected in the arbors, especially if their casing is bent and concentrates IR. For example, in the creation of Ukrainian designers (pos. 5 in Fig.) Not only anxious red light beats in nerves, but also evaporate even in spring or autumn. To bring yourself to the desired degree in front of the next Maidan, suitable, especially if the already "it is in life sausage." But for spiritual gatherings is not suitable. If I want an all-weather exclusive, you will have to post $ 7-12 thousand for comfort with prestige and order a capital dome with sliding sections, forced ventilation and air conditioning, pos. 6.
Note: due to the strong greenhouse effect, the gazebo from the polycarbonate is undesirable to do with the mangal, it is a powerful source of IR.
About ventilation is not in vain. In a gazebo with a roof of polycarbonate, at least 2 walls should be openwork, providing free air circulation, as for pos. 1 and 3. If the fencing is continuous, it needs to be made by a belt to the belt and without fail with a ventilating gap below, pos. 2.
The next stumbling block is the coordination of materials on aesthetics. In polycarbonate, it is exclusively high-tech, so it is difficult to mate with the tree. The same gazebo on the pos. one - good example. In such a wooden aquarium, I don't really want. If you do a wooden gazebo under polycarbonate, then you need or color plates take warm, to the tree tone, or to paint under the roof, make it out of thin parts and in a laconic style, as on the pos. 2.
For budget unpretentious designs, the principle of color contrast of aesthetically painful parts will be effective. On pos. 4 Naturally combined with polycarbonate metal is painted into the screaming and contrasting roof color. Therefore, the parts of the service seems to be fighting with each other, and functionally the main - shops and a table - create a mounted island of comfort. Whatever the author of this arbor, the artistic taste of his nature did not fit.
If you are tired of general, but still necessary, reasoning, get ready to get a lot of specific instructions, numerical data and calculations: we begin to understand how the carport is manufactured. While from the previous one It must be remembered that polycarbonate sheathing is working. About PNA has been said above.
Take the same 4 piece of rail, well, say, 20x20, the ends of which are chosen in a quarter, and 4 carnations. Fly from the REKEK Square, weave nails in the corners, and take it with tight paper. Now try to sneak. Pulling? Paper wrinkles, breaks? Sheaving does not work.
And now take the rails twice all thinner and a piece of fine cardboard. Before knocking into the square, impose the cardboard and run directly through it, not gluing. Pulling? Where there, you can drop the floor. This is a working trim. And it makes it causes a large than that of the paper of the same thickness and density, the stiffness of the cardboard, it is pressed during the manufacturing process.
Now take the former thick rails, and on the tire instead of paper or cardboard - thin tin. Drop the product to the floor. If it accounted for an angle, split into parts: Too tough sheath played the fact that it destroyed the frame. Previous option, cheaper and easier, with the highest possible impact turned out to be stronger.
Polycarbonate, only its rigidity per unit and thickness, and the masses are much higher. One condition: if the stuffing stiffness is lost (for example, due to excessive leaf deflection), then it can not only collapse itself, but also pull the frame. This also needs to be clearly remembered.
The question in the header on the technical language is translated: the pre-design stage. In this case, its goal:
Typical structures of canopies are shown in Fig. This does not mean that it is impossible to do another; Perhaps unique. But for typical designs in construction guides (SNiP 2.01.07-85 "load and impact"; SP 20.13330.2011) are given full sets of calculated parameters and coefficients to them. Polycarbonate tolerates a lot, but the burden of exposure over the measure does not forgive. therefore the original project will have to be carefully simulated on the computer And, since it is impossible to handle the experience of exploitation, ask the large "past" amendments. By virtue of the characteristics of the material described above, the design is complicated at times and for orders. This explains the extensive value of exclusive canopies.
When choosing, you need to consider the following:
The last requirement is caused by the fact that the wind can wrap the edge of the canopy with a wave or "propeller". Waying when the rush will like, hard and elastic polycarbonate can turn the framework.
Especially it should be said about autonavis:
Here in fig. Sheds are shown general technology assembly. It is simple:
What polycarbonate to choose for a canopy? His quality and operational properties, contrary to advertising statements, are more dependent on the structure of the panel than from brands and manufacturers brands. It will be known to the reader that the situation with polycarbonate is a little resembles a beer: powder (granulated mass) produce only a few firms around the world, and the rest are bred, then you are passing through the extruder, it is poured (cut), dripping the taste additive (UV- Filter), also purchased, stick your label and allowed to sell.
Note: the world's best polycarbonate granulate is Russian. The domestic industry produces views of it that have no analogues. Unfortunately, manufacturers like Solomon The secret of their prints is kept secret, whose raw materials they use. However, for household use Any branded panels are good.
The main types of polycarbonate of the cellular structure are shown in Fig. Symbols [Number] R denote the number of longitudinal layers, and x - the presence of diagonal ribs of stiffness in cells. The sheet thickness and its structure are not associated directly: the panels of the same structure can be of different thickness, and vice versa. A typical corrosion range is shown on the trail. Fig.
How to accurately choose a panel in thickness, we will deal with the order of calculation. The recommendations on the structure can be given as follows:
Note: Mrey is given indicative for bending across sheet, specified by specifications on specific panels. The longitudinal bending in the composition of PNA is admissible for 3RX and 5RX under the conditions described above.
Already, we needed a computational wind pressure cards in the Russian Federation:
and snow load:
Numerical parameter values \u200b\u200bare not yet needed, but further will be required. Snow card will immediately give the explanation:
The first limit case is a gradual accumulation of snow by a quiet stable frosty winter with abundant precipitation. Snow, not soying to evaporate dry (sublimated), is fatal at the bottom of a dense grain mass - fir. In the spring of snow reservoir with a fibrine lining on a smooth polycarbonate, first keeps on the fasteners heads, and then, making it, pulls down the whole immediately.
The second limit is the winter is unstable, with thaws and / or strong winds. The visible accumulation of snow on the roof may not be. But he, by going down the slide down, sticks into large lumps, strongly loading the sinks of the roof and drainage. For smooth polycarbonate, especially for a canopy without drainage, this case is incomplete.
Note: the snow layer of 5 cm increases the wind load by 3 kg / sq. m; 10 cm - by 10 kg / kV. m; 15 cm - by 12 kg / sq. m; 25 cm - by 15 kg / sq. m. These are indicative values \u200b\u200bfor conventional polycarbonate canopies, accurate increase, if necessary, is considered to be the roof aerodynamics.
What should be the thickness of the polycarbonate for a canopy? At least 10 mm, such a 3RX sheet on the cell of the crate of 1.5x2 m holds the weight of an adult. But remember the experiments with rails, cardboard and tin: the optimal thickness of the panel must be determined complex, along with its structure. We will do it further, in the process of calculating the roof.
Polycarbonate by strength parameters closer to the metal than to the tree. Therefore, alas, get a working trim on wooden frame will not work. Polycarbonate woods for wood is like that slate, roofing iron or ondulin. How nevertheless lay the polycarbonate on the tree, briefly consider at the end, but while we will deal with a more suitable metal.
Metal - Material Massive. This greatly simplifies the calculation of the framework, you can use the generalizing-averaging techniques. The optimal profile of the carrier element is square with rounded steel corners Prof.. By the ratio of strength to material-, laboriousness and the total cost, it turns out to be called the circle in front of the other.
The calculated ratios also come out simple:
Selection of the zone do the worst. Those., If we are in 1 wind and 5 snow zone, then we ignore the wind and consider it in the snow. In the same way, by the way, in all subsequent calculations, if parameters and winds are not used, and snow. Profile from a series of sizes choose the nearest greater.
In the basic sizer, we perform pillars, their upper strapping (support frame) and the main bearing elements:
Auxiliary bearing elements - runs, separations of enzyme arches and rafters, etc. - we perform from a half-sized profile. Increase it to the base will not hurt.
For example, in the Voronezh region. on the garden gazebo And the autonava for the budget base of the size of 3x4 m will go alone 40 mm Profdrub. In the suburbs, the frame of the arbor will remain the same, but on a canopy for the same machine, a pipe is needed at least 60 mm, and for a solid lexus - 80 mm. But on the east coast of Kamchatka for the arbor (who will increase there?) We need a pipe of 80 mm, and for any auto track - from 120 mm.
Now we'll figure it out how to install the posts, guided by the principle: cheap and angry. For a gazebo and the porch, the optimal version is a diameter in the base size, the cheapest is enough with an excess. The depth of wrapping is at least 1200 mm.
The point here is not only that they will cost it hardly more expensive profile with concreting. And not even in the simplicity and speed of overs, the screw pile will transmit any loads into the soil, incl. Side. Canopy will give them healthy, and the concrete does not like such a concrete.
If the arbor is the chino-tree, the poles can be simply carried to the ground by 600-900 mm. It is more reliable than to score pipe cutting into the ground, and in them - the roots of the pillars. But the first part of the pillar, which will be in the ground, must be pretty soaked with boiling bitumen. If the size of the bitumen appendix allows (let's say, it is brewed in a cropped industrial gas cylinder or in a pipe-cut-free), then suck the area there and hold 1-5 minutes, while the bitumen around the tree will not stop bubble. This means that water evaporated from the wood and the air came out, and instead they entered the bitumen. When the impregnation cools up to turning, the earth's end of the pillar wrap the rubberoid and immediately buried in a pre-drilled pit.
For the carport over the machine, the most important is the total sustainability, and in size it is greater. There is no conctencen here without concreting. But each pillar will shake the concrete plug in itself, not that in the fence. And alternating vertical loads the fence almost does not give, and the canopy creates large.
A typical scheme of concreting pillars under the canopy provides for the installation of special mortgages (anchors), on the left in Fig. Transforming all loads in the usual compression for concrete. From the point of view of mass production for a wide sale, this is optimal - you can score any pillar to ankra. But according to the strength, it is not so hot: the workloads of loads on the pillar (their locations of their concentration) are coming, as they used to speak, in exactly, on the detachable connections.
If you do a canopy yourself, you can save a lot on the anchors, and the carcass durability increases 1.5-2 times. For this (right in Fig.):
How many pillars need under a canopy? Labor-consuming they want, only without loss of reliability. Well, for concreted pillars, you can give recommendations for the wind; Snow load will withstand any:
The minimum permissible step of the pillars for all zones is 1.7 m. If you put more often, the strong wind will obscure them, like a solid wall. Then the canopy needs to be expected not as a canopy, but as a roof of the building, and this is a completely different topic.
More recently, the connecting profiles for polycarbonate were collected on self-drawing or screws, on the left at the top. Here:
Note: the anti-tape is absolutely necessary. Without it, the panel is not only dirty from the inside, but also cracks from there.
The self-delicate workers using silicone or, for seats weakly, microporous rubber, and for covers - cropped PVC-boxes, successfully managed without expensive corporate connectors, on the right in the background. If the outputs of the panel channels were at different levels (eg in PNA), only the lower end was covered with an antiple ribbon, and the top - cheaper aluminum self-tech, left at the bottom in Fig.
For point mounts, in any case, special thermoshabs are required, downstairs in the center and right in Fig. Successful attempts to replace their own inventions are unknown. The fact is that with the slightest mismatch of the thermal expansion parameters of the plate and the thermoshair, the panel is breeding, the flooring loses the strength and dust and dirt penetrate into its channels.
In general, point attachments are a weak point of polycarbonate. Thermoshaba should buy the panels recommended by the manufacturer, or vice versa. You can both other, but then you need a sample: the puck is tightened, without bringing it the cover to the panel for 1 mm. The gasket should be flushed with the edge of the lid or not reaching it, too, 1 mm, but in no case will not heave.
Now the "screw" technology docking slab is torn off its own. Its in all respects, including aesthetic, exceed the connecting profiles on the latches, fig. below. Compare, for example, the skim joint on the screws (Fig. Right above), and using the RP profile. And the cost of solid plastic connectors fell so much as the sense loses the sense.
The best cutting option manually is a disk hand saw with a circle "Clear cut." These use parquetrs working with laminate; Externally similar to this tool for hair clippers.
For polycarbonate, an indispensable condition - saw should be with a width of sawing system (simply, with suction). Only with the rigid plastic will be really clean, and the small teeth of a special profile only contribute to it.
Now we approached, finally finish the calculation of the canopy. We left to determine:
In order to find all this, you must first determine the overall (consolidated, national) load on the roof. For a canopy, it is not that simple, because The wind freely blows under him.
From the map of zoning Russia in the wind and snow load, it is clear that most of its territory the snow drops much more. From here for a canopy follows a useful circumstance: Variating the parameters of the selected design (or choosing another, if not converged), you need to achieve some "negative" wind load.
"Negative" is taken in quotes because in fact this load is positive: the wind seeks to tear off the roof, it will unload it from snow and will better agree on the krack strength parameters and the flooring, which will simplify and reduce the maintenance. For cellular polycarbonate, which, with a 16 mm thickness, does not break under the feet of a healthy man, this approach is quite legitimate.
It is appropriate to remember the Suvorov principle: it is difficult to learn easily in the campaign. Not in battle, Suvorov did not say so. He knew that in battle easily never happening. The calculation of the wind load is not relieved, but time consuming.
The impact of wind on the roof is calculated as follows:
Now we calculate the actual snow load as p \u003d p * cos α, where P is the calculated load in our zone; P is a valid load; α is the corner of the roof of the roof. For low radius arches α - the angle of inclination of the line from the skate to Mauerlat. Snow load We fold with wind algebraically, taking into account the signs. For smooth polycarbonate, the coefficient of the clutch of snow with the roof can be neglected.
Now we will put the table. In fig. on right. According to it, knowing the total load on the roof (wind + snow), you can immediately find a step of rafters, thickness and panel structure.
You only need to adhere to the following conditions:
Note: In the zones, starting from the 5th, the use of the panel is weaker than 5RX 16 mm can not. In general, to optimize under negative load, you need to select the panel, the framework here is not enough.
You do not need to think about the step of fastening the connecting profiles to the rafters: it is Katten the steps of the mounting holes in them. Standard value - 300, 450, 600 mm, depending on climate.
With runs, the situation is easier: their step is equal to one and a half from the rafted. Let's say if the raftered after 1 m, then the runs are 1.5 m. If there is less than one run on the roof shoulder, then the longitudinal bonds of the strapping (Mauerlat) and the skate.
Here, using the work of the trim, you can apply an interesting technique: we find a step of a step in the table, we consider the step step and calculate the cell of the crate cell. Then, withsting it, put rafters more often until the runs will not leave. We get the "air" canopy, and its internal runs in each panel abundantly.
The minimum step "Points" - 300 mm. If you put them more often, the overall strength of the panels will weaken due to the holes in them. For consolidated load less than 100 kg / kV. M to run on 3 "points": one at 15-20 cm from the joints and one in the middle. For large, the step "points" takes approximately an equal half step of the rafted for a structure 3R 6 mm, this is the top line in the table, but we observe the same triple: it is necessary for one from the edges and one in the middle.
In accordance with all the above, a pretty well-known design of the economical, but a solid canopy for the machine, see fig.
As already mentioned, polycarbonate roof on a wooden basis - just flooring. The roofing device on the tree is a separate topic. Here we only bring in Fig. The main types and designs of the rafter.
Note: Targets in Fig. not. Current means that they are leaning on the walls on top, and not lean to them on the side. Think, in vain philologists consider Russian not having equal in expressiveness?
On the trail. Fig. - Wooden rafters drawings for single carports At the wall building. Support pillars, where shown are required! On the tree, the strength and rigidity of the polycarbonate allows only to reduce the cross section of the main bearing elements (see above) to 60x100 mm, and auxiliary - up to 40x60 mm.
But what do we go out, incessing all these difficulties and applying them in practice? Compare: The cost of Panels 2R 4 mm in the Russian Federation ranges from 1600 to 2200 rubles / sq. m; For 1 square 5RX 16 mm - in the range of 3900-4200 rubles. / sq. m. For the finished simple, arched on the 4-bills, a canopy for the machine with the installation on the site is asked 2200-4500 rubles per quarter. M. It is clearly unprofitable for the person, for the pro there are wholesale prices and dealerships.
