To meet the needs of customers for comfort and coziness, our company offers design and installation of ventilation systems in individual private country houses located in Moscow and the Moscow region.
Our company has extensive experience in creating complexes engineering systems in country houses, the area of which is up to 2500 sq. meters. The experience gained allows us to create effective ventilation systems that have the necessary functions of energy saving and comfortable climate control in rooms.
The ventilation systems we create work in conjunction with heating and air conditioning systems, thanks to which the most favorable and comfortable microclimate is maintained in the premises of the house throughout the year.
Consider some types of ventilation systems country houses, the creation of which we offer to customers.
As budget option we offer the owners of private houses the design and installation of the supply ventilation system.
Installation of supply ventilation in country house has one advantage - low installation and installation costs.
There are several disadvantages of supply ventilation:
This type of ventilation creates in the premises of an individual country house overpressure... It is under the pressure of the supply air that the ventilation will displace the exhaust air from the premises.
Installation of exhaust ventilation in a country house, as well as supply ventilation, also does not require large material costs.
The exhaust air is mechanically removed by fans, as a result of which a reduced pressure is formed in the premises. As a result, supply air enters the premises of a country house through special valves or vents and door slots.
It is desirable to install filters in the exhaust ventilation system of a country house to clean the incoming supply air.
To heat the incoming supply air, it is also necessary to increase the capacity of the heating system. And heat recovery in this type of building ventilation is not possible.
The disadvantages listed above can affect both your comfort and an increase in the operating costs of the ventilation system.
For the most part, these drawbacks are devoid of supply and exhaust ventilation systems, the design and installation of which is offered by our company.
Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in a country house has more advantages than disadvantages. Objectively, this solution for creating ventilation in a country house is optimal. The main disadvantage, in comparison with supply and exhaust ventilation systems, is the relatively high cost of supply and exhaust ventilation equipment.
Supply and exhaust ventilation has several advantages:
Heat recovery is the transfer of heat or cold from the exhaust (exhaust) air to the supply (fresh) air. That is why energy savings are possible, since the incoming air can be heated or cooled in special recuperators (heat recovery units).
Supply and exhaust ventilation with recuperation, as well as with air cooling and heating
We offer installation of supply and exhaust ventilation systems with three types of recuperators: plate, battery and rotary. Ventilation systems for country houses equipped with different recuperators have different costs and recuperator efficiency. The rotary recuperator has the highest efficiency. It reaches 85%. Therefore, supply and exhaust ventilation systems with a rotary recuperator are the most economical.
The efficiency of the battery recuperator is about 50%, the efficiency of the plate recuperator is about 60%. The values of the efficiency of these recuperators depend on many factors, in particular, depending on the ratio of the flow rate and parameters of the supply and extract air in the ventilation system, the value of the actual efficiency varies from 10 to 70%.
The cost of a ventilation system with a rotary recuperator is higher than systems with a battery or plate recuperator. But in the cold season, when the outside air temperature drops below zero, the operation of the ventilation system with a plate recuperator without additional air heating becomes almost impossible, since the recuperator freezes already at −7 ° C.
The freezing point of the rotary recuperator is much lower (about −27 ° C), and the battery recuperator practically does not freeze even in high humidity conditions. Therefore, the battery recuperator is often used in swimming pool ventilation systems.
Thus, in the harsh Russian climatic conditions, the ideal solution is to install a ventilation system with a rotary recuperator in a private country house, since it has maximum efficiency and a wide operating temperature range.
In addition to design and installation different systems ventilation in a country house, the company "TRIA Complex" offers the integration of the ventilation system with the control system " Smart House”(Based on AMX) or“ Smart Automation ”(based on our CP-30 controllers). These solutions allow you to organize climate control in the premises of a private house, as well as perform ventilation control on demand.
It is these solutions that are key in creating the most comfortable ventilation system in a private individual house.
Summing up the results of this article, then the most perfect in terms of providing a comfortable climate and energy saving is the creation of an integrated supply and exhaust ventilation system with recuperation.
! Note to the customerThe ventilation and air conditioning system in a country house with an area of 360 sq. m.
Pictures are shown here installation works at the stage of construction of a country house.
A favorable microclimate in the house is a guarantee of the health and comfort of the people living in it. And an important role in creating optimal meteorological conditions inside the cottage is played by the correct arrangement of ventilation. The air exchange system can be thought out independently, having studied the principles of its operation and making certain calculations. You will learn how to do this in this article.
Schematic representation of the arrangement of ventilation of a cottage
Modern houses are constructed from high quality thermal insulation materials. This ensures the tightness of the structure, but creates barriers to air circulation throughout the premises, making it impossible to supply it from environment naturally (through leaks in walls, windows and doors).
Cottage ventilation performs several functions:
Note: a person spends most of his life at home, so it is important that the air he breathes is fresh and clean.
Structurally, a mansion differs from a city apartment, therefore, the air exchange in it is organized differently. The difference is:
Air exchange of a private house
When arranging the system, take into account:
In a private house, air exchange can be arranged in three main ways:
This is the simplest and oldest way of organizing air exchange in the house, based on natural conditions. Due to the difference in pressure and temperature inside the cottage and outside, a natural draft arises, which ensures the circulation of air masses throughout the premises. Under its influence, waste and polluted streams are removed from the house, and clean, fresh ones come to their place outside.
The easiest way to organize air exchange in the house is natural
In the structures of the old building, the air flow was carried out through the gaps between the logs, leaks in the doors and window frames, and the outflow occurs through the furnace tube. But in modern houses this scheme does not work because their walls are insulated airtight thermal insulation materials... Windows and doors are also made as tight as possible, which makes it impossible for air to flow through them. And stoves are no longer being built in cottages. How to organize natural air exchange in the cottage in this case?
Ventilate the premises through open windows and vents are impractical, as this leads to heat loss, dust entering the house. For high-quality air exchange in a cottage, it is necessary that the flows move at a speed of up to 0.2 m / s. Therefore, for the supply of fresh air from the street to the walls of the building, or window frames, special valves are installed. They are small holes covered with grilles.
The supply valves allow a flow of sufficient volume to provide people with oxygen, ventilate the premises, which does not create drafts and requires a large amount of heat to heat it. If necessary, this valve can be closed, for example, if it is too cold outside. It can also be equipped with a silencer or filter to prevent street sounds from entering the house and improve the quality of the incoming air.
On a note: modern models supply valves are equipped with humidity sensors, so the openings are opened / closed automatically, depending on weather conditions.
To remove exhaust air from the cottage in a natural way, air ducts are provided - pipe systems. Their outlets are located in the most polluted and frequently used premises in the house -,. For a more presentable look, they are covered with decorative grilles.
To remove the exhaust air, air ducts are provided
To remove the exhaust air from the premises, traction is needed. For this, the external outlet of the air outlet pipe is installed at a height of 0.7-1 m above the roof ridge. The hole is covered with a special umbrella, which protects the highway from precipitation, birds and small animals getting into it.
Please note: the presence of air ducts must be foreseen at the stage of designing a cottage; it can be problematic to install them in a finished house.
Before organizing air exchange in a cottage in a natural way, you should weigh all its advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of the system:
Disadvantages of natural air exchange in the house:
Disadvantages of natural air exchange in the house
In the event that it is impractical to use natural ventilation at home, or it is ineffective, it is equipped mechanically. For this, high-tech equipment is used. It consists of:
When arranging such a system, purified air of a comfortable temperature enters the house at the same time and waste, polluted air is removed. The set parameters of air exchange allow ventilation to work in an absolutely automatic mode.
Note: the system can be equipped with a heat recuperator - a device that allows you to heat the incoming flow at the expense of the outgoing one. This will significantly reduce heat loss in the cottage.
Supply and exhaust forced ventilation is the most effective method airing the cottage. Her work does not depend on natural factors, it is fully adapted to the conditions of the house.
Since this air exchange system is quite complex, only specialists should be engaged in its development. It requires a competent wiring of the trunk network, the correct determination of their length and diameter, the selection of equipment of the required power. All this will result in rather high costs for the development, installation and maintenance of the system, but at the same time, favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions and comfort for all inhabitants of the cottage, the safety of the building itself and all its filling are guaranteed.
Please note: the design of ventilation and the house itself is interconnected, therefore, it is carried out simultaneously.
Supply and exhaust forced ventilation
In order for ventilation in the house to be effective, natural ventilation is enhanced with the help of technical units, or its work is organized completely forcibly.
If the air in the cottage is naturally supplied in insufficient quantities to meet the needs of residents and maintain a favorable environment in the premises, its inflow is artificially arranged. To do this, air intake openings are mounted in the building envelope, and the channels are equipped supply units... Clean and fresh air enters the premises through air ducts, the openings of which are covered with decorative diffusers.
Advice: this ventilation system is quite cumbersome and expensive, it is much easier to arrange the inflow in a natural way.
If the supply of fresh air is established, but the natural exhaust system cannot cope with the volume of the waste masses, their withdrawal is organized forcibly. For this, fans are installed in the internal outlets of the exhaust ducts. Such devices are most often needed in rooms that are often used - in the bathroom, in the kitchen. They can be turned on by pressing a button, simultaneously with the light, or work automatically (when equipped with special sensors that react to the level of moisture in the air). The outlet of the exhaust air in this way can be organized independently.
The second option for laying forced draft in a cottage is the output of air ducts from the kitchen and bathroom into one channel, equipped with a fan and other additional equipment. This air exchange system is more complicated than the previous one, therefore it must be designed and installed by specialists.
The advantage of forced ventilation is that it prevents the stagnation of contaminated and waste masses in the premises of the cottage. When they are removed, a rarefaction of air is created, and it begins to be sucked in from the street through the supply valves. The disadvantages of this system are irregularity, the exhaust devices work only when they are turned on.
The premises in which people live (living room, bedroom, nursery), it is enough to provide a regular flow of fresh air, which helps to displace the waste masses to the places of their intake and output. The supply of clean air can be organized through supply valves or air ducts. And for the circulation of masses between the rooms, you can leave a gap under the doors, or make small ventilation holes in their lower part.
This is a service, intensively exploited space that needs enhanced ventilation. Moisture vapors, grease particles and cooking odors must be disposed of immediately so that they can spread throughout the home. Therefore, in the kitchen, not only general house ventilation should be provided, but also local ventilation - presented in the form of an exhaust hood above the hob.
Advice: these two systems must be combined in such a way that they work effectively in the areas entrusted to them, but interfere with the functioning of each other.
Air exchange in the kitchen using an exhaust hood
In hygienic rooms, high humidity, accumulation of unpleasant odors are often observed. Natural ventilation will not cope here; it will be necessary to organize air exchange by force. To do this, it is enough to install exhaust fans of the required power, which will contribute to the removal of contaminated, waste masses outside the house.
Advice: in order to avoid the penetration of unpleasant odors from the bathroom into another room of the cottage, you should not combine the ventilation ducts leading from these rooms.
These premises are characterized by an abundance of evaporated moisture, therefore, they require the arrangement of a powerful exhaust system... But, at the same time, they must comply with a certain temperature regime... The optimal solution would be to install forced-air supply and exhaust systems.
The need to organize air exchange in is due to the use of various lubricants, fuel, the presence of exhaust gases. They are safe at low concentrations, but they pose a serious health hazard when accumulated. The air flow in this room can be minimal, organized in a natural way, but it is recommended to provide a mechanical exhaust.
Often in cottages there is a floor located below the surface of the earth, which is used for official purposes. A workshop, a storeroom, a laundry room, a gym can be organized in it ... Ventilation of these rooms is also necessary. The places where fresh air is supplied are vents, or ventilation vents in the walls of the basement. Their number and location is determined by the area of the basement floor, the nature of the use of premises in it.
To remove the spent masses, a ventilation pipe is laid, the internal exit of which is located 20-30 cm below the ceiling level. The outer end of the exhaust can cut into the common highway of the house and go out to the roof. The withdrawal of the waste masses from the base can be organized separately. In this case, the outlet of the chimney must be located in such a place that unpleasant odors did not interfere with people, did not get into the house.
Advice: to regulate the supply and exhaust of air from rooms of irregular use, slide dampers can be installed in the air ducts. They will allow you to manually ventilate the rooms.
The ventilation system is an integral attribute of a cottage, a guarantee of the health of all people living in it, the safety of housing and all property. If organized correctly, this will significantly increase the level of comfort in a country house.
For a comfortable stay in a cottage, it is important to ensure good air circulation. The ventilation of the cottage has a special scheme and must be developed by qualified specialists. The owners of future housing can be offered several options for the air circulation system - natural, combined and forced. It is important to remember that the design of the cottage and the ventilation system is interconnected, so the process takes place simultaneously.
Natural ventilation saves electricity, but it has some drawbacks. To ensure full air exchange, it is necessary to prepare an outflow system in the form of ventilation ducts. The thrust level is achieved only by the corresponding length of these channels, therefore the option is suitable for two-storey buildings and more.
For one-story houses it is recommended to choose a combined type of ventilation. In this case, fans are installed at the inlet of the mines - the air flow remains natural, and the exhaust works with the help of fans. For a uniform inflow and outflow of air masses, it is important to correctly select the power of the fans relative to the area of the premises.
Forced ventilation is used if the previous options are ineffective. Filters, fans, valves, coolers and heaters are used to equip the duct network system. The system can work automatically according to preset parameters.
Modern cottages are built from heat-shielding materials that ensure high tightness, but prevent natural air circulation. The problem can be solved with high-quality ventilation, which provides the following indicators:
creating comfortable living conditions;
fresh air is supplied to all rooms;
vapors and exhaust air are removed;
interior items and housing are preserved;
there is no stagnation of air, moisture does not accumulate;
mold or mildew does not appear;
the air is cleared of disease-causing impurities.
There are structural differences between the ventilation of a cottage and any apartment, so the organization is carried out differently. The differences lie in a simplified filtration system, autonomous equipment can be installed in the cottage, it is enough to correctly place all the elements and the relationship with communications. Specialized rooms require a special ventilation mode.
It is necessary to take into account the special nuances of system design:
frequency of use;
climatic features of the area;
the purpose of all premises;
total area of the structure.
These are important points that must be taken into account in order to create high-quality and highly efficient ventilation in a building.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer the service of electrical works. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Natural ventilation of a country house is the most simple option... At its core natural conditions and the use of the difference in temperature and pressure inside. A natural draft appears, which ensures air circulation, removing waste streams from the building, which are replaced with clean ones. For air intake, special valves are installed in the form of openings with closed grids. They do not create drafts, but provide the necessary air flow. These valves can close if it is very cold outside. Additionally, they can be equipped with filters, humidity sensors and noise mufflers, they can work in automatic mode.
Waste masses are removed by a system of pipes, outlet openings are placed in the most polluted rooms. The air is removed by means of a draft, for which the pipe outlet is placed at a height of at least 0.7 m above the roof, the hole is covered with an “umbrella” that protects the system from the ingress of sediment, debris, small animals and birds.
Such a system has its advantages:
low cost;
noiseless functioning;
no costs during operation;
simple installation.
The disadvantages of the system are dependence on weather conditions, heat loss in the cold season, lack of control of the outgoing and incoming masses, inefficiency if there is a pool or sauna in the cottage.
Some more thoughts on natural ventilation see in the video:
In case of ineffective or inappropriate ventilation, a forced type is used, for which high-tech equipment is used:
filters, fans, valves;
air coolers and heaters;
duct network.
The system simultaneously supplies clean air to the house at a comfortable temperature and removes the already exhausted air. The parameters can be set in advance, which allows the system to work automatically. The installation of the system is carried out with the installation of the ventilation unit inside the room. The air ducts are being laid with the installation of all components, the system is being prepared for operation. The installation of equipment in each case is considered individually, the placement of the unit, components and air duct is agreed with the customer. The most economical and technologically advanced option is a supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator. A special recuperator takes heat from the removed heated air, and then heats up fresh air coming from the street.
This is an effective method of airing premises; the operation of the system does not depend on various natural factors. But the system itself is quite complex, so appropriate specialists should develop it. It is important to develop a competent wiring of all highways, diameter and length, to pick up all the elements. Periodic maintenance is required, but this allows us to provide a favorable and comfortable living environment with a full guarantee.
Any project for future ventilation is carried out with the obligatory consideration of the air exchange rates for each individual room and in general for the entire building. In accordance with the norms and requirements, air exchange must comply with the following indicators:
room 3 m 3 / h for each 1 m 2 of living quarters;
bathroom, lavatory, shower room 25 m 3 / h;
combined room 50 m 3 / h, 25.
The parameters are indicated for the temperature in the cold season, the temperature inside the room is 16-25 ° C.
For the basics of ventilation design, see the video:
The cottage ventilation project is developed by specialists at the stage of building design. For this, a technical assignment is drawn up, it takes into account the following points:
building architecture;
number and function of rooms;
area of premises;
additional objects that affect the movement of air;
the number of permanent residents.
In the calculations, the capacity of the system is determined for each room separately and for the entire building as a whole. This parameter depends on the rate of air exchange of rooms and the maximum number of people in one room.
The proper functioning of ventilation is given special attention when designing smart home systems. Source restate.ru
After the creation of the project, the installation of ventilation can be carried out, on which only specialists should also work. The process itself takes place in several stages - the preparation of the scheme and the project of the house. In this case, all other communications and systems must be taken into account. Installation and design of ventilation in country houses is a rather complicated procedure and mistakes cannot be made here. Otherwise, they will not be able to meet their goals. For example, a ventilation system requires preparatory actions:
determination of the power of electric networks, their laying and possible reduction of energy consumption;
the ability to install special equipment, as well as the arrangement of air ducts;
selection of equipment taking into account the characteristics of the premises and operating conditions;
installation of all selected equipment.
Professional ventilation will make living in a cottage safe and comfortable. The system will constantly function for the benefit of the person.
Using modern equipment, you can control the flow of fresh air or set the system to operate in automatic mode.
Such systems allow you to make your stay as comfortable as possible at any time of the year and in a variety of weather conditions. In addition, a high-quality ventilation system allows the air to be purified from pathogens and microorganisms. This is very important indicator, especially if there is a small child in the house. The correct calculation of ventilation is a rather difficult task, the solution of which must be dealt with by professionals.
Indoor ventilation is a collection of ducts, pipes and fans that create air circulation and improve its quality. There are different types of ventilation systems depending on the type of room. To establish a correct and effective system, it is necessary to draw up a competent professional project. Designing ventilation of a cottage is a responsible and complex process that is performed by specialized organizations. But if necessary, you can make the project yourself.
There must always be a continuous exchange of air in the room. The process is important both in cold and warm seasons.
First of all, this is necessary to maintain sanitary and hygienic standards, to clean the air from dust, dirt, high humidity... In a sealed room, a "conservation effect" occurs, and all microbes and bacteria multiply at an increased rate.
In addition, by means of air exchange, the process of cooling or heating the room can take place.
Features of the organization of air exchange in the premises are regulated Building codes and rules (SNiP).
Distinguish between norms for public buildings, residential apartment buildings, industrial buildings and general standards and requirements.
In residential premises, ventilation is:
Oxygen enters the rooms through windows, vents, wall valves. Removal is usually done through hoods in kitchens, bathrooms, washrooms.
Air exchange rate:
Air penetrates into kitchens in the same way as into living quarters. But the work of the stoves and the steam from cooking make it necessary to organize enhanced natural draft or install hoods.
Norms for the kitchen: from 60 to 100 m 3 / hour.
In bathrooms, air exchange should be from 25 m 3 / hour, since unpleasant odors and chemicals should be removed. In rooms where linen is washed and dried - from 90 m 3 / hour. Air enters through doors and door slits from adjacent rooms.
In office premises, air exchange is from 60 m 3 / hour per person.
The main requirements for the ventilation system in the room can be distinguished:
Air inflow into the room is carried out in the following ways.
The process is called infiltration. It consists in the flow of air through walls, cracks in window frames and doorways.
It is produced by opening windows and doors in whole or in part. Depending on the latitude of exchange, the rate of complete air replacement in the room changes: from 3 to 80 minutes.
Are special holes in window frame through which the air from the street enters. In the absence of these, special valves with a plug are used, which are placed either in the wall next to the window or above the radiator to obtain warm air.
We are talking about the use of fans, heaters, filters, noise-insulating elements.
The air exhaust system is of two types:
The natural system is used when there is no need to remove large volumes of air. Or when a ventilation shaft is provided in the building structure. Mechanical is used in bathrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, that is, where it is necessary to clean large air flows. To do this, use built-in hoods, electric fans.
Organization of ventilation in a private houseBefore proceeding with the installation of ventilation in the house, it is necessary to study the advantages and disadvantages of various systems.
To the merits natural system include the following:
The disadvantage is the lack of the ability to control and speed up the process, as well as the need for the presence of wind to function.
Mechanical system advantages:
Disadvantages are high installation costs and the need for constant inspection and maintenance.
The choice of ventilation system will depend on whether the house is inertial or inertialess.
Inertia is the property of a house to maintain a given temperature for a certain time. The higher the degree of inertia, the longer house remains warm when the heating is off. The inertialess house cools down almost immediately.
Inertial houses take a long time to warm up, as they accumulate and store heat. Therefore, in this case, it is better to use natural ventilation, since the circulation of air from the outside will not affect the rapid cooling or heating.
In inertialess houses, it is better to install a mechanical system, since it will be necessary to quickly either heat up or cool the room.
In private houses, it should be borne in mind that the ventilation device for each individual type of room is different from each other.
In living rooms, it is important to ensure the flow of air by opening windows and vents, installing air valves or by means of slots. Outflow occurs through exhaust vents in bathrooms, bathrooms and kitchens.
In the kitchen, the inflow is provided by windows and adjacent rooms, the outflow is provided by built-in hoods. The same situation is with bathrooms, toilets, laundry and ironing rooms.
Home ventilation design includes the use of different types equipment.
The ventilation system must be properly designed for each individual room, easy to operate and economical in terms of the use of funds and resources.
In the cold season, together with the ventilated air, a large amount of heat is also discharged, which contributes to an increase in thermal energy consumption and increases the cost of utilities. Such a development as a recuperative ventilation system will help to counter this.
A recuperator is a special heat exchanger that receives warm air, conducts it to cold air, mixes the flows, warms up and returns it to the room. Most of heat does not leave the room, but is cleaned and fed back.
Types of recuperators:
The choice of a recuperator model depends on each specific room and financial capabilities.
Benefits of using a recuperation system:
Experience shows that utility costs are reduced significantly. In addition, the workload of the heating system is reduced, the quality of indoor air improves, which has a positive effect on health.
To make a competent ventilation project for a private house, it is better to apply with an order to, which will take into account the norms of SNiP.
If you have specialized knowledge and skills, you can do the design of ventilation in a private house yourself.
Actions:
An important point: do not install high-power networks, as this will cause an unreasonable increase in energy costs.
Ventilation is mandatory:
Tips for economical installation and use of systems.
Providing air exchange in a private house is a complex and responsible process. The microclimate, room temperature in winter cold and summer heat, air purity from dust and bacteria will depend on this. It is necessary to choose the places for the air exhaust ducts wisely, to carry out quality installation and take care of saving resources.
Cottages are very popular among real estate. At the stage of their construction, everything necessary for a comfortable stay is laid (electricity, water supply, heating, sewerage, ventilation).
Today cottages are very popular. At the stage of their construction, ventilation must be installed.
In the general system of utilities, ventilation of the cottage is of particular importance. It must be competently designed and calculated so that there is always a favorable microclimate in the premises. It is necessary to take into account a number of regulatory rules and installation nuances in order for the system to be effective.
Among the real estate objects for their own land, cottages stand out.
A cottage is a residential building with one or two floors (the second floor must be of the attic type).
This type of residential building has features that distinguish it from classic houses:
Based on these characteristics and features, the specifics of the design, installation and maintenance of the ventilation system are determined. Certain requirements and norms are imposed on the air exchange of cottages, on the observance of which the efficiency of the system depends. The main requirement is the mandatory presence of ventilation, since its absence prevents the creation of conditions for a comfortable stay.
Consequences of absence effective system air exchange in the cottage:
All of these factors can have a significant impact on the health status of people living in a building. Therefore, the design of the ventilation of the cottage is built taking into account the norms of air exchange. These include the multiplicity, the required air volumes per person, etc.
The multiplicity is a standard indicating how many times the air in the room has been completely renewed per unit of time (the accepted unit of time is 1 hour). The frequency ratio is calculated using formulas or special tables are used, where the average parameters of the multiplicity are given in different premises.
Air movement rates required for a comfortable stay of one person:
The rates of frequency and air movement allow calculating the size of ventilation ducts, technical characteristics of equipment, quantitative parameters and volumes of required materials.
Cottage ventilation can be of two standard types:
Natural ventilation is designed in such a way that the movement of air masses (intake, distribution in rooms and excretion) is carried out in a natural way due to the device of special vents and channels. Air moves due to the pressure difference between the street and the room due to temperature changes.
The advantages of a natural system: low cost, simplicity, independence from the availability of electricity and the health of the equipment. The disadvantages include dependence on weather conditions - under certain circumstances, reverse thrust occurs or air circulation stops.
The forced system works through the use of additional equipment (fans and other devices). This ventilation also has a number of advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include: "point" air exchange control, additional air purification, independence from external weather factors. Cons: high cost, wear and tear of equipment, breakdowns, dependence on the availability of electricity in the building.
The air exchange in the cottage has a classic design. It is subdivided into two blocks:
The combined system is called supply and exhaust ventilation. This type of air exchange is optimal for a cottage. The scheme of such ventilation in a cottage may have the following elements:
Wall valves can be used as supply ventilation. There are a sufficient number of different models on the market designed for rooms with radiator or stove equipment. The estimated cost of one valve is 1.5–2 thousand rubles.
The number of valves is calculated based on the area of the building. For every 15 sq. m. there should be one supply valve... The number of rooms also affects the calculations.
The supply structure consists of the following elements:
The grill protects the structure from insects and coarse dust. The filter cleans the incoming air. Its service life is quite long, since it can be easily removed and washed with water.
Supply ventilation using wall valves has a number of advantages:
One of the benefits forced ventilation lies in the fact that its installation is easy to carry out after the completion of the construction of the cottage
The ventilation system of the cottage must be included in the project.
Supply lines are equipped through external walls(those that go outside). The exhaust line of the air duct consists of special shafts that are laid inside the walls and lead to the roof.
Features of the device ventilation system are determined at the design stage by several factors:
Modern windows made of PVC and similar materials are characterized by low heat loss rates. This plus becomes a significant disadvantage when considering the issue of fresh air entering the premises.
Wood provides natural air penetration, and PVC windows can significantly reduce this figure. This circumstance is taken into account when calculating the supply network of the building. It must compensate for the sealing of the space created by the window structures.
PVC windows are characterized by low heat loss rates. That is why the sealing of the space has to be compensated for.
The ventilation project of a forced-type cottage must have data on the power of the fans. The power is calculated by multiplying the volume of the room by the multiplicity. IN technical characteristics of devices, the productive capacity is indicated. When choosing a model, it must be taken with a margin, since a decrease in efficiency is possible due to the length of the ventilation ducts.
An important parameter of the ventilation project is the size of the ducts. With the help of practical measurements, it was found that channels with a diameter of 12 cm in a room of 40 sq. m. allow to achieve a multiplicity equal to 2. Calculation of the diameter of the ventilation ducts is made on the basis of these data, increasing or decreasing the dimensional parameters depending on the area of the rooms.
Exhaust ventilation should have a capacity of 10-15% more than the capacity of supply structures. This will avoid stagnant air (stuffiness).
The exhaust ducts are located in interior walls at home, so that they maintain the temperature necessary to ensure the natural movement of air. The vertical exhaust pipe must rise above the roof by at least 50 cm.
Based on the calculations of the channel diameters, a ventilation scheme is prepared. It indicates:
The ventilation device in the cottage is provided at the construction stage, but if necessary, the installation can be done by hand. Consider how to make ventilation yourself. Natural ventilation will require the following materials:
Required tool:
To carry out installation in the cottage yourself, you need to purchase a hacksaw
If wall valves are used as supply ventilation, the installation of the system is quite simple and quick. The work will take no more than 60-100 minutes. Sequencing:
In rooms without heating radiators (stove, fireplace), the valve is mounted at a height of 200–210 cm from the floor.
The exhaust system must be created during the construction of the house, this will hide the channels in the walls. If this is not done, then it is problematic to equip ventilation to remove air. We will have to make holes in the ceiling, sew up open elements of the system into boxes, and arrange the wiring (leading channels to a vertical pipe that goes to the roof) in the attic.
Do-it-yourself installation of exhaust ventilation is performed as follows:
For air circulation between rooms in door leaves holes are made and special gratings are installed. You can limit yourself to technological gaps between the threshold and the door.
Installation of ventilation is completed with cosmetic measures: open sections of pipes are sewn into special boxes, grilles are installed on the holes, etc. With proper calculation and placement, ventilation in the cottage will provide an influx of fresh air in sufficient quantities with parallel removal of waste air masses.
