Sheds belong to the category of the simplest structures that are erected on a suburban or summer cottage... They are used for a variety of purposes: as a parking lot, a storage area and many other options.
Structurally, the canopy is extremely simple. This is
The design is quite simple, besides it weighs a little, so it can be assembled with your own hands right on the site.
However, in order to get a practical correct canopy, first of all, you need to ensure its strength and long-term operation. To do this, you should know how to calculate a farm for a canopy, make it yourself and weld or buy ready-made.
This design consists of two belts. The upper chord and the lower chord are connected through braces and vertical posts. She is able to withstand significant loads. One such product weighing from 50-100 kg can replace three times larger metal beams. With the correct calculation, a metal truss in, channels, or does not deform and does not bend when exposed to loads.
The metal frame simultaneously experiences several loads, so it is so important to know how to calculate a metal truss in order to accurately find the equilibrium points. Only in this way will the structure be able to withstand even very high influences.
Creation and self-installation canopies are possible with a small structure. Trusses for sheds, depending on the configuration of the belts, can be made of profiles or steel corners. For relatively small structures, it is recommended to choose shaped pipes.
This solution has several advantages:
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The metal frame will last much longer if it is protected from corrosion: primed and painted.
How can you weld a canopy
Among the main advantages of profile pipes, the bezel-less connection should be noted. Thanks to this technology, a truss for spans not exceeding 30 meters is structurally simple and relatively inexpensive. If its upper belt is rigid enough, then the roofing material can be supported directly on it.
A bezel-less welded joint has a number of advantages:
Of the minuses, it should be noted the need for experience in welding.
Bolt-on
Bolted connection of profile pipes is not so rare. It is mainly used for collapsible structures.
The main advantages of this type of connection include:
But at the same time:
The structures to be erected must be sufficiently rigid and durable to withstand various loads, therefore, before installing them, it is necessary to calculate the truss from a profile pipe for the shed and draw up a drawing.
When calculating, as a rule, they resort to the help of specialized programs taking into account the requirements of SNiP ("Loads, impacts", " Steel structures"). You can calculate a metal truss online using a metal profile canopy calculator. If you have the appropriate engineering knowledge, the calculation can be done with your own hands.
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If you know the main design parameters, you can look for a suitable finished project, among those posted on the Internet.
Design work is performed on the basis of the following initial ones:
The calculation of a metal truss from a profile pipe for a canopy is performed in a certain sequence:
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The maximum possible pitch of trusses for a canopy when using a profile pipe is 175 cm.
The first step in making do-it-yourself trusses from a profile pipe for a canopy is to draw up a detailed plan, which should indicate the exact dimensions of each element. In addition, it is advisable to prepare an additional drawing of structurally complex parts.
As you can see, before making your own farms, you need to be well prepared. We note again that while aesthetic considerations are followed when choosing the shape of the product, then to determine constructive type and the number of constituent elements required a design path. When checking the strength of a metal structure, it is imperative to take into account the data on atmospheric loads in this region.
The arc is considered an extremely simplified version of the truss. This is one profiled pipe with a round or square cross section.
Obviously, this is not only the simplest solution, it is also cheaper. Nevertheless, polycarbonate canopy arches have certain disadvantages. In particular, this concerns their reliability.
arched awnings photo
Let's analyze how the load is distributed in each of these options. The structure of the truss ensures an even distribution of the load, that is, the force acting on the supports will be directed, one might say, strictly downward. This means that the support pillars perfectly resist compressive forces, that is, they can withstand the additional pressure of the snow cover.
Arcs do not possess such rigidity and are not able to distribute the load. To compensate for this kind of impact, they begin to unbend. The result is a force imposed on the supports at the top. If we take into account that it is attached to the center and directed horizontally, then the slightest error in calculating the base of the pillars, at least, will cause their irreversible deformation.
The calculation of such a product assumes:
In triangular metal structures, the height is 1/5 or ¼ part of the length, for other types with rectilinear belts, for example, parallel or polygonal - 1/8 part.
As an example, consider the calculation of trusses of a standard single-slope structure 4x6 m.
The design uses a 3 x 3 cm profile, the walls of which are 1.2 mm thick.
The lower belt of the product has a length of 3.1 m, and the upper one - 3.90 m. Between them, vertical posts made of the same profile pipe are installed. The largest of them has a height of 0.60 m. The rest are cut in descending order. You can limit yourself to three racks, placing them from the beginning of a high slope.
The sections that are formed in this case are reinforced by installing diagonal jumpers. The latter are made from a thinner profile. For example, a pipe with a cross section of 20 by 20 mm is suitable for these purposes. At the point of convergence of the belts, stands are not needed. On one product, you can limit yourself to seven braces.
Five similar structures are used for 6 m of the canopy length. They are laid with a step of 1.5 m, connecting with additional cross-sections made of a profile with a section of 20 by 20 mm. They are fixed to the upper belt, we will place them in 0.5 m increments. Polycarbonate panels are attached directly to these jumpers.
The manufacture of arch trusses also requires precise calculations. This is due to the fact that the load imposed on them will be distributed evenly only if the created arched elements have ideal geometry, that is, the correct shape.
Absolutely any cottage owner or country house faces the need to equip a canopy for his iron friend. This circumstance is primarily due to the versatility of the design, since it can be used not only for a car, but also for storing garden accessories and small technical devices. In addition to this, this building becomes more relevant when it is necessary to park vehicle for a small amount of time. In the article we will tell you how to make a metal canopy with your own hands for a car, we will provide step by step instructions, photo and video materials.
Before doing construction works it is necessary to determine the future location of the canopy, its style, determine the purpose and type of the structure being erected. In addition, it is worth making a choice between a stationary and a mobile view.
The advantages of a stationary building are practicality and durability, and a movable one is mobility. However, a movable canopy requires the manufacture of a strong frame, so it is built in rare cases when it is necessary to temporarily protect the car from precipitation, direct sunlight and dust.
By type of placement, awnings are free-standing and made as an extension. Attached structures form a single structure with a nearby building and are often united by a common roof.
The roof of a freestanding canopy can be domed, arched, arched, shed and gable.
As support pillars, ordinary metal or shaped pipes, brick and wood can be used. At the same time roofing materials also abound in variety: corrugated board, natural tiles, polycarbonate, metal tiles, etc.
The type of canopy and material determine the complexity and duration of the installation of the structure. As a rule, for a simpler and more economical assembly, metal profiles and corrugated board are used. The thickness of the pillars and floors is selected depending on the dimensions of the structure and the expected load.
To successfully complete the task, it is necessary to draw up an approximate sketch of the future canopy, prepare the tool, purchase consumables and accessories. Required tools:
A complete and objective assessment of the quantity depends on a clear drawing up of the drawing consumable, as well as the required amount of fasteners, therefore, the preparation of the named document should be treated with special attention. In addition, do not forget about safety precautions when working with metal products.
Getting started, it is worth preparing the site for the structure. To do this, according to the sketch drawn up, we level and tamp the ground at the site of the proposed construction. Then, along the perimeter, we dig holes for support pillars with a depth of 50 to 100 cm. The recesses are equipped in such a way that a rectangle is obtained, as a rule, in two rows of 2-3 holes.
The metal profile should be cut according to the number of support pillars, their length should be 3 m. Depending on the type of construction you choose, the method of fastening the racks is determined. During the construction of a stationary shed, the supports are level and concreted, and when erecting its mobile analogue, additional cutting of metal pipes with a diameter slightly larger than that of the support pipe and a length equal to the depth of the foundation is required. Prepared metal sections are mounted in pits and poured cement mortar... Then a profile is inserted into each of the pipe scraps. Holes are drilled in the pipe and profile and the entire support is tightened with bolts.
To stiffen and prevent premature failure, the described protective "covers" can also be used when arranging a stationary structure. The only difference from movable awnings will be that the profile must be welded to the metal pipe.
Roofs are solid and collapsible. Their main difference lies in the method of fastening the elements to each other: in the first case, the component parts are welded, and in the second, they are tightened with bolts. In addition, designs are single-slope and gable.
Using the example of a non-separable gable roof, we will consider the technology of its installation. Pieces of a metal profile will need to be welded to the support posts, so that the correct rectangular frame is obtained. Then, we start welding the rafters. On the ground, to the beam on one side and on the other, we weld pieces of a metal profile with a step of 1 m at an angle of no more than 30º. It is important to take into account that the resulting structure should slightly protrude beyond the welded upper frame... Next, we place the welded elements on the reference rectangle, boil at the joints.
To simplify the procedure for constructing a roof frame, the metal rectangular base, which is on the supports, should be reinforced with transverse beams in the center of each side. Then we weld 20-30 cm sections of the profile pipe to the central safety beam, which will act as a support for the future ridge. Further, with pipes from the profile, we fasten the extended segments to each other and to a rectangular base.
Having finished with the installation of the frame, we proceed to the sheathing with corrugated board. The sheets are fastened directly to the prepared frame on the rafters overlapping each other by means of rivets, self-tapping screws or bolts.
At self-production for the carport, it is important to follow the instructions and observe the dimensions of the constituent elements reflected in the prepared drawings based on accurate calculations. All these conditions, combined with the right approach and proper diligence, will allow you to build a quality metal canopy.
This video describes in more detail about the intricacies of manufacturing metal canopy:
In the photos you can see different options arrangement of a metal canopy:
If you decide to make a metal canopy, then the provided diagram can help you in the manufacture of a design suitable for you:
Sheds with a metal frame can be found both in the courtyards of private houses and in public places. These are covered parking lots, porch and balcony canopies, shelters for grills, barbecues, wood logs and much more.
In this article we will tell you why these types of constructions are so popular and where they are most often used. You will also learn how to calculate and build a canopy made of metal with your own hands.
The smaller the future building is, the easier it is to calculate it. The exception is shelters with an area of 15 m 2 - here it is better to entrust the project of a canopy made of metal structures to professionals.
It is no coincidence that metal is so popular as a material for the manufacture of frames for polycarbonate canopies. Its most important advantage is durability. With the proper quality of installation and maintenance during operation, such a building can stand for several decades. All care consists in treatment with anti-corrosion compounds or paints containing them. In the event of rust stains, it is enough to make a point cleaning of the affected areas and treat them with special preparations.
Metal profile canopies: photo of the structure attached to the house
A wide selection of metal profiles should also be noted: different wall thicknesses, geometry and cross-sectional diameters. Pipes also differ in terms of metal thickness and diameter. Thanks to this, you can always choose an item that matches the purpose and dimensions of the future building. For example, for a small steel canopy over the porch, you will need a rectangular profile with a diameter of 15 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm; car parking shelter supports are erected from pipes or a profile with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, etc.
DIY polycarbonate awnings from a profile pipe: photo of a cascading roof over the porch
Note:we must not forget about the aesthetic side of the issue. Metal allows you to build beautiful wrought-iron canopies. Even if it is impossible to make them without special equipment and skills, usually shelters of this type are ordered in workshops specializing in artistic forging.Canopies are made of stainless steel, as mentioned above, from a metal profile, metal pipe and forged metal. The first option is the most common, since it is presented in a wide range in stores. In addition, square and rectangular profiles are equally conveniently mounted both on self-tapping screws and by welding. For small parts or small awnings, a corner of different sizes works well.
How to make a canopy with your own hands from metal: the video describes the assembly of a canopy from a steel pipe.
Less commonly, metal canopies made of pipes. In principle, their assortment in stores is also wide, both in diameter and in wall thickness. But in editing they are a little more difficult, it is more difficult to create right angles with them. Although there are pluses - it's not difficult to buy old heating pipes from your hands, from which you can assemble a budget building. For example, this is how you can make a canopy from a profile pipe with your own hands for firewood or a country shower. Forged metal is discussed above.
Different types of profile pipes
Such shelters can be used for different purposes. For example, very often do-it-yourself carports are made of metal. This can be a small roof over a single parking lot or swimming pool, or a huge shelter with an area of more than 30 m 2. All differences will be in design and technical characteristics used material.
It is very good to make metal canopies over a porch or balcony from a thin profile or forging. In the first case, we get a durable, visually light frame that is easy to assemble with our own hands. Forging is either just a beautiful, openwork canopy, or a whole work of art, made according to individual project... True, a forged frame will cost a lot more than a profile one.
For your information: erected of metal and sheds over woodsheds, although less often. Here, support posts and a roof frame are usually made, and the walls are sewn up with wood - these are the features of storing firewood. For these purposes, dismantled pipes are usually used. heating system or profile waste from other construction. New materials for firewoods are purchased only in cases where the canopy also has a decorative function, located directly near the barbecue or barbecue oven.
Wrought iron pool cover
We do not take into account the parameters of roofing materials, since the roof area will be small. In the calculation of a truss from a profile pipe for a canopy, do not forget to include the required number of diagonal grids. If it is a forged metal structure, then we only make a sketch of it with the desired dimensions. The master will do the rest for you.
Drawing of a forged visor
Large structures like carports or adjoining galleries require more careful attention. In addition to performing the above steps, here it is necessary to correctly determine the shape of the roof frame from the profile. The most common option is an arched structure. It will resist snow and wind loads well, and will not cause any special problems in installation.
Note:in areas with strong winds, it is better to give preference gable roofs... The slopes of the frame will be oriented to the ground at a large angle, which means there is less risk of damage to them by the wind. In addition, rain will be less visible inside the building.
We design a canopy from a metal profile: drawings can be made in special programs, and then printed
Do-it-yourself work on the device of a canopy to a house from a metal profile will require some physical effort, but you will cope with it pretty quickly. The most important thing is to approach business responsibly.
The foundation for awnings from a metal profile is made columnar. Pits are dug with a manual or mechanical drill, to a depth of 50 cm. No reinforcement is done, the solution is mixed from 3 parts of sand and 1 part of cement. It will take three days for the foundation to solidify, after which you can proceed to further work.
"Heels" are welded to the lower part of the support pillars, - embedded ones, due to which the entire structure will be attached to the foundation. We drill holes in the mortgages in the corners and fasten the pillars with anchors to the concrete. We carry out this work, referring to the building level.
We make a canopy from a metal profile with our own hands: photo
The answer to the question of how to weld a canopy farm is quite simple. They do this from side profiles and diagonal grids. Usually the former have a section 10 mm larger than the latter, but it can be the same. We start by splicing along the edges, then continuing towards the center:
Usually, side and rafter trusses are assembled separately, then they are installed in turn on the supports: first the side ones, and the rafters on them. However, if lifting equipment is available, the entire roof frame can be assembled on the ground, as shown in the photo below.
We build a canopy made of metal: photo assembled frame roofs
We raise the trusses or the finished frame from the profile to the supports - here you need at least two pairs of working hands. Then the standard steps are: spot welding, level check, and then continuous welding. After the entire frame structure is assembled, we clean the welding places from scale and treat them with an anti-corrosion compound. If the metal profile does not have a protective coating over the entire surface, we apply it ourselves. This stage should be treated very carefully, since the duration of the canopy's operation depends on it.
Sheds from a metal profile: the photo shows the process of installing rafter trusses on supports
Polycarbonate sheets are laid on the frame as is, without removing the protective film. Using a drill, holes are drilled on them for the entry of the fasteners - 4 cm from the edge. We use not ordinary hardware for metal, but special thermal washers, with O-rings and plugs. We put a thermal washer on the hole, tighten it with a self-tapping screw and close its cap with a plug. The entry of the fasteners must be strictly perpendicular to the surface of the polycarbonate. We twist tightly, but do not overtighten, in order to avoid damage to the surface of the material.
The figure shows how to attach polycarbonate to the metal frame of the canopy: we use special thermal washers
We do the joining of polycarbonate sheets using a split profile. Its lower part is screwed onto the frame lathing even before the roofing material is laid. The cover is "fastened" by means of a toothed lock, the "legs" of which are located on both parts of the profile. The figure shows that the cover is equipped with rubber gaskets, which provide additional insulation for the joints.
Split profile
And the last step remains - we close the side sections of the polycarbonate sheets with punched tape, and then with the end profile. This will protect the roof air ducts from moisture and dirt penetration. This completes the construction of the metal canopy, you can proceed to finishing the site under it.
Edge processing with end profile
Metal awnings are erected over a parking space, on a veranda or over a porch. They are designed to provide protection from precipitation, strong winds and sunlight. They can become an attractive and functional design element at the same time. The production of metal canopies is made from a practical, durable, lightweight material. The cost of building a structure varies depending on its design features.
The design of the metal canopy is such that with a relatively low consumption of the profiled sheet, a strong functional covering can be erected, thereby reducing the cost of materials and installation. The low cost and high rate of construction of metal sheds made the structure in demand for the protection of warehouses, small industrial premises, sports and playgrounds, shopping areas, stairs and other objects. It is chosen for such advantages:
For the manufacture of structures are used modern technologies... This allows you to create a structure thought out to the smallest detail, exactly according to the plan. Installation of a canopy with a specialized tool takes no more than 2 hours.
The price of a metal canopy varies depending on the design features. The final cost of the structure is formed based on:
The price of the work is agreed with the client. The final cost of manufacturing and installation of the product is specified in the contract.
A canopy is almost an integral part of any country house, allowing you to shelter gazebos, playgrounds and other areas from the rain. In the last decade, metal-profile canopies have become very popular, which is explained by the low cost of the design, as well as the acceptable cost. What types of canopies are there, as well as their advantages, we will consider further.
An example of a metal profile carport for parking
The main function of the metal profile canopy is protective. It is equipped in those places where there is a need to create a roof that protects from atmospheric precipitation.
The metal profile got this wide use for a variety of reasons:
This list can serve as a basis for choosing a metal profile as a canopy roofing material, since it has excellent technological characteristics that are ideally combined with availability.
If you need to focus on their shape and spatial position.
Semicircular profile canopy In accordance with these criteria, the following main types of canopies are distinguished: single-pitched, gable, arched.
This type of awning is very convenient because it has the shape of an inclined plane at an angle. This design provides maximum protection of the territory, and also has a natural one. Water and other atmospheric precipitation are not able to linger on an inclined plane, thus protecting roofing materials from premature deterioration.
If you want to make a shed canopy from a metal profile with your own hands, you need to take into account several features. First, the key is to determine the angle of inclination. If it is too steep, then there is a risk of unwanted moisture getting under the canopy, as well as a high probability of metal damage under the influence of strong gusts of wind.
Shed carport Secondly, you definitely need to think over the organization drainage system as the constantly rolling liquid will turn into a stream of water that can erode soil.
Thirdly, the choice of the direction of the slope should be completely based on statistical data on the prevalence of air masses, more precisely, on their direction.
To obtain such data, you can use the services of meteorologists, or independently mark the direction of the wind for six months.
And, fourthly, one should not neglect the additional strengthening of the canopy, especially in regions that are characterized by frequent gusts of wind. A single-slope canopy made of metal profiles will perfectly protect not only from precipitation, but also from excessive sun, which is extremely convenient for all seasons. Most often it is used not as a separate structure, but as an extension.
Detailed diagram with the dimensions of the lean-to canopy In those regions where it is difficult to establish the prevailing wind direction, a gable canopy from a profile is more often in demand. It differs from the lean-to in an additional plane, this structure looks like a regular roof of a house, but has a slightly different structure. 
Such a canopy has much more advantages, since its area allows you to cover much pain of the territory than in the first case. To achieve the maximum effect, as well as to make the structure reliable, it is necessary to use a more serious system of fastenings, which require additional profile supports.
Exhibition centers, playgrounds and parking lots are most conveniently equipped with multi-slope sheds, which look like a cascade of gable sheds. 
The multi-level arrangement allows you to maximize the covered area, but the installation process will take much longer.
This is due to several needs:
You can often find a multi-slope canopy in a private house, which plays the role of an extension of the garage, serving excellent option protection of vehicles from precipitation.
For those for whom a canopy is not only a means of shelter and protection, but also an element of decor, an arched canopy is ideal.
Option for the device of an arched canopy from a profile It has an attractive and neater appearance that does not affect its appearance in any way. quality characteristics, giving any home or area a personality.
The main disadvantage of such awnings will be their higher cost. This is explained by the fact that it is almost impossible to make a canopy from an arc-shaped profile with your own hands. This will require special tools, as well as knowledge and skills in working with metal.
