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A flat roof with your own hands is most often located on private low-rise buildings, as well as on garage buildings. This kind of roofing device is ahead of its competitors. In our article we will tell why.
Before talking about how to make a flat roof, we note that the term "roof" and the term "roof" is not the same thing. The term "roof" denotes those elements that are located above the residential premises of the house. And the roof is the roof component, its top layer. It is he who protects the entire building from the effects of atmospheric influence. Under these conditions, it is very important to create a reliable roof of a country house.
Having read the difference between the terms, it can be stated that the flat roof - perfect option For home with a small square. With an impressive roofing area, it is recommended to work a whole brigade.
When working on a small-sized house with a small square, you can safely do without helpers.
At the beginning of work, on the carriers, fasten wooden beams or steel beams. With the help of them you can reduce most The masses of the roof, sending it to the main walls and the foundation.
So, we found out that the main load on the beams is the weight of the roof. But in addition to this there are other loads, such as:
Read the advice of specialists in the forums, see the photo on the Internet - then you can make the right choice of beams and avoid critical errors. Surely you will be interested in an article flat roof - pros and cons.
If you want to get a reliable and safe flat roof, then choose only the appropriate roofing (More details: ""). It is also important and the choice of related materials, which can withstand a large physical activity, as well as the impact of natural cataclysms.
Do not forget about checking all technical characteristics Materials. To prevent negative consequences - Spend thorough hydro and vapor barrier.
There are buildings that do not have heating. These include sheds and gazebos. They are supposed to create a slope for water drain from the roof. To do this, you only need to equip the roof under the smallest angle.
When constructing an inclined flat roof, its support beams should be located at a low angle. Boards will be fixed on the beams. It will be a kind of base for a rolled regteroid (more detailed: "").
For the installation of rolled rone carpet, you will need a frame from the boards. To do this, it is best to use thin wooden planks or steel stripes. Secure them along the slope. At the same time, the step should be 70 cm. But it should not block the path flowing from the roof water. The percentage of such a roof is not more than 3%. In other words, it is 3 cm per mongon meter length.
Consider the nuances when equipped with a flat roof for heated houses:
Studying the construction of a flat roof, you yourself make sure that the roofs with a big step between the supporting beams require the participation of several people. It is advisable to invite professional masters, which in the shortest possible time will fulfill all the necessary work.
When fastening the support beams, the distance between them should be observed. It should be no more than 1 m.
First of all, the span of the roof is calculated. If it is 5 m, then the beams are used at 15 cm. Speaking in a professional building language is the "Fifteenth Loader".
For creating monolithic roofIt is recommended to use concrete brand 250. When creating a concrete solution at the site of construction work, it is advisable to use the concrete mixer. Otherwise, you are unlikely to achieve proper consistency of the solution. To obtain concrete for a flat roof, it is necessary to mix rubbank with particles of 20 mm and cement, PC-400 brand.
When calculating the components, follow the following rules: on eight buckets of rubble - three buckets of cement, 4 sand buckets, as well as two buckets of water. If water is not enough - you can also add, it is not critical.
Warming with a flat roof foam concrete, look at the video:
Next, the boards on the lower beam shelves are fixed. Ruberoid is laid on the dry surface of the boards. Then, on top stacked reinforced grid Periodic profile. The diameter of this element should not be less than 1 cm. The magnitude of the cells at the same time - 20x20 cm.
In order not to repair a flat roof, the places of the rod of the rods are fixed with a knitting wire. A variant using glue is possible. Ultimately, the grid should not slip when pouring a screed.
For a complete coating with concrete solution, the small parts of the rubble are usually unfolded at the bottom of the mesh. Due to this, the gap is 4 cm. It is necessary for the distinction of the grid and the rubberoid layer. Pouring is made in the openings between the beams. Recall their thickness should be at least 15 cm.
After all actions, concrete is covered with polyethylene film. This is particularly relevant if the work is carried out at high temperatures. Cut the surface, you will prevent the evaporation of moisture from the concrete solution. This in turn will save the top layer from the appearance of cracks.
Under the film, concrete should be at least three days. Fully drying the concrete mass, pour the insulation layer. Do not forget about the slopes. Next action - Creating a screed and mounting a roll carpet.
Today is a common phenomenon - replacement flat roof On scalping. However, in favor of a flat roof, he says that it can be insulated both outside and from the inside. And after it is completed.
Previously, solid insulation plates were used for insulation. However, with this variant, the roofing weight increased significantly. Having studied past experience modern construction Departed from such a method of insulation. Today, most often flat roofs are insulated with basalt mineral wool. This is a rather lightweight material. In addition, it can boast good thermal conductivity and moisture resistance.
Note that basalt mineral wool Not exposed to burning processes. In addition, it completely transfers even the most negative effects of nature.
If earlier flat roofs were made only on urban multi-storey houses And they were associated with constant leaks, today the situation is radically changed. These designs are used not only during construction multi-storey buildingsBut also when the prestigious private houses are erected on exclusive projects. Such changes have become possible due to the emergence of completely new building materials and technologies.
Flat roofs - one of the many types of roofing, has both positive and negative sides. The advantages of such roofs include the following characteristics.
Unfortunately, there are architectural structures and disadvantages.
We listed real advantages and disadvantages, each developer before making a final decision should carefully analyze them.
Thanks to new materials and technologies, designers managed to create several types of flat roofs with unique performance characteristics.
| Type of flat roof | Brief Description of Technical and Operational Characteristics |
|---|---|
| The most commonly used, the easiest and cheapest roof type. It is most often on business buildings, rarely is mounted on private homes. |
| Very prestigious roof, allows you to use the area to improve the comfort of stay in the structure. The arrangement of such roofs requires high-quality materials and special technologies. The operated roof is often inversion. |
| Differs from the ordinary location of the layers of roofing cake. The hydraulic protection is made directly on the carrying basis, such a feature protects the coating from mechanical damage. A geotextile, extruded polystyrene foam, still layer of geotextiles and ballast layer are stacked on top of the hydraulic protection. Geotextile skips water to the drain system, and Ballast warns the undermining of the layers with strong gusts of the wind. |
Important. The cost of flat roofs fluctuates wide limits, some options for the price can several times to exceed two-tie structures.
All flat roofs in residential buildings must be insulated, design consists of several layers. Each of them performs its function and is critical for the roof.
It can be reinforced concrete or wooden.
Professional builders prefer reinforced concrete slabs, but they can not be used on all houses. Plates are mounted only on brick or concrete facade walls, for wooden or frame buildings Such elements do not apply.
Material for vapor insulation
Used only in two cases: the base of the flat roof is wooden and mineral wool is used as insulation.
But such options are rare, most often the base is made from the concrete slab, and a durable extruded polystyrene is used for insulation. Both of these material are not only not afraid of the effects of steam, but also do not react to direct contact with water. Accordingly, during the arrangement of the roofs from such materials, steam-free is required.
There are two types of insulation that can be used in the construction of flat roofs.
Insulation can be installed in two ways.
Currently, architects in most cases prefer the second option to insulate the flat roof, have this in mind. But practices are advised to install insulation from within the premises. Decision Each developer must take on their own.
Heat insulation materials
For example, we will take an option to arrange a flat roof on a wooden frame house. These buildings are very popular with many developers, they are quickly going to stand relatively inexpensively and provide living comfort level living.
For the ceiling overlap you need to use foreign beams, ordinary are not suitable due to very high loads. If we significantly increase the linear dimensions of ordinary beams, their own weight will play a prominent role in the calculations of the current efforts, and this is extremely undesirable for all structural loaded elements.
Important. If the size of the house is large, then it is much more profitable to order short beams and split them in place. Due to this method, the process of transporting and installing structures is simplified. During the installation of ceiling beams, you need to make a small bias for water.
PVC membrane for roofing
For sealing, it is recommended to use a modern high-quality membrane having protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The thickness of the membrane is at least 1.5 mm, the service life of such coatings is more than thirty years. Membranes must maintain their initial properties at -30 ° and lower. It should be borne in mind that there may be situations when it will have to remove snow from the roof, the waterproof should withstand mechanical efforts and not damage.
The diameter of the funnel must correspond to the roof area and the maximum debit of water. Data is available in comparative tables and are attached to the instructions for using elements. If for some reason there is no such instruction, then you must consult with the seller.
The funnel is installed in the lowest roof. The roof plane is divided into several sectors and each has a small slope to the plum. To winter in the funnel, ice was accumulated, it is recommended to connect the electrical heating system. Heating function temporarily and only during the period when the temperature changes somewhat per day with a positive to negative.
Junctions copier construction phenomenon And additionally flooded with special two-component glue. It follows from the lowest edge, the width of the adhesive is at least 10 cm. To increase the fastening strength, each membrane band is separately fixed by special fasteners, wide washers later close.
The perimeter of the membrane parapet is also screwed with a large dimeter washers, the distance between them is about 20-30 cm.
Experienced builders are not recommended on flat roofs trying to install outer gutters and pipes for removal of water to earth. Optimal option - To launch plastic pipes through interior. Installation of the system should be done immediately after assembling the carcass at home, during the trim inland walls Pipes are hiding. Due to this place of installation, the probability of freezing is completely excluded, the reliability of the system functioning is significantly increased.
There are many options, efficiency depends not only on the materials used, but also from the professionalism of the master. But practice shows that with all equal conditions, the greatest reliability of bitumen mastik. Surfaces need to be missed at least two times, it guarantees the tightness of the coating a long period of time. Of course, the upper membrane must also be high quality and properly laid.
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Last edition: 05/15/2015
Many believe that the modern house with a flat roof looks unusual, rich and original. Using the construction of such a roof for country cottages and villas, the hosts emphasize their viability, the sophistication of taste and the nonstandarity of thinking. Country houses with such a type of coating are an excellent place where you can relax from the routine and gain strength for new achievements. A flat roof is not only original, but also practical.
The construction of a house with a flat roof is often used in areas with a low level of precipitation. Often, not only the desire of the owner is influenced by the choice of the roof type, but also climatic conditions. Therefore, if you decide to equip a flat roof in the area, where frequent precipitation is needed:
The most common form of construction of houses with a flat roof is a form of a square. A square house with such a coating turns into an original penthouse that meets the European Style standards. In this article we will tell you how to make a flat roof with your own hands, with all the pros and cons of this roof.
Benefits:
Disadvantages:
A flat roof has its undoubted advantages, and cons is easily corrected by attentive approach to the process itself.
The constructive system of a flat roof for the unheated room consists of the following:
Note! The angle of inclination of such a roof is ensured by the entire design system starting with beams. In this regard, it should be closely monitored during the installation to save the slope. To do this, check it every few meters. If you wish, you can make a gesture frame for a rafter system (angle of inclination is 10 degrees). To do this, you need to install it along the roof. After that, you can mount the crate.
The device of heated premises has a slightly different kind. It includes:
Instead wooden beams Laying of foreign metal beams is underway (from 12 to 15 cm), on the lower shelves of which the milking solid doome is lurking. Ruberoid is stacked on it. Then mounted in two rows framework from the reinforcement (profile with a cross section of 10-15 mm). It is important to observe the distance between the reinforcement frame and the rubberoid. At the next stage, the fill occurs concrete mixwhich periodically needs to be seal.
Note! If it is hot weather, a layer of concrete is needed to cover with a protective film from polyethylene so that it frozen does not quickly, but evenly and efficiently. It is desirable to remove the film not earlier than through three or four days.
In the absence of such a film, it will have to follow the process of frozen concrete and periodically water it with a small amount of water. After drying the layer, the roof should be given a certain slope with the insulation, and then make a screed and bed rolling coating. On this device of the monolithic roof can be considered complete.
For a flat roof can be applied reinforced concrete plate or professional flooring.
Profile applied in cases where the upper part of the roof will not be used as an additional platform. This type of foundation is the most economical, however, needs an additional insulation.
First, the support layer is installed, and the vapor insulating layer is placed on top of it. The latter is used to save in the house of warm air and prevent it in airspace. Vaporizolation is mainly performed from rolls of a certain length and cutting width. A place where the fall of vaporizolation takes place carefully glue, cry and cook. In the form of a vapor barrier material, it is possible to use polyethylene.
At the next stage, thermal insulation is placed for which special plates with a certain mix of each other are used. The two-layer thermal insulation system is most often used.
After that, equipment is waterproofing from a polymer film. It protects the inner part of the roof from the external environment. Waterproofing is pressed, and then falls into several layers.
When hydro and vaporizolation are ready, it is time to put the final coating. In his roles are concrete construction screed and reinforced concrete plates.
Recently in construction work Polycarbonate often began to use roofs.
The roof of this material may be suitable for you if you do not want to do the room under it. Alternatively, you can build a covered greenhouse or gazebo.
Polycarbonate has increased strength and is a very light material that is quick and easy to install. It does not need additional strengthening of the design.
Thus, the flat roof can be performed in various form. In any case, whatever the option you choose is always carefully referring to the installation, because with serious errors you can run into large spending and complete rework of the roof from scratch.
Waterproofing of a flat roof can be carried out using such components:
The innovation in the technology market is such waterproofing materials such as PVC, PDM and diffuse membranes. Superdiffusement material began to use particularly popularity, which does not need to do the gap between heat and waterproofing, highly repels moisture and does not pass it on the heat insulating layer. In addition, such membranes have a long service life (up to 25 years), are fireproof and environmentally friendly.
In the form of waterproofing can be applied. It is applied both on a smooth roof and on the roof with a small bias.
According to the method of use, they are divided into cold and hot. Cold should be applied to the surface at a plus temperature, and hot mastic requires preheating (160 degrees) before applying and can be applied almost at any time of the year. The principle of the mastic is based on the fact that it is firmly sticking to the base. The validity of this type of cover is about 20 years.
In some cases, painting waterproofing can be used. In the process of such isolation, bitumen, emulsions, paints and varnishes are applied to the surface of the coating. The coating occurs in several layers, until the desired thickness (5 mm) is reached. The coating is applied with a layer of fine-grained sand. The life of waterproofing is 5-6 years.
Note! One of the most reliable and proven species of waterproofing is the waterproofing. It is the use of rubberoid, which, after preheating, glued to the surface of the coating.
After selecting and installing waterproofing, insulation should be engaged in a very important stage of the construction of a flat roof. There are several types of insulation:
The two-layer system makes it possible to reduce the load on the overlap. The lower layer plays in this case the role of the heat insulator. Upper - has a distribution function, has a denser structure.
Now you know how to make a flat roof with your own hands. As you can see, it is quite simple. It is enough just to carefully approach the case, and soon the coverage for your home will be ready.
The choice of a particular design is largely predetermined by the possibility of using a attic as an additional residential premises, decides the issue with the need for insulation and determines the type of roofing.
A flat roof is a specific option that does not allow to equip the attic as a residential premises (due to its absence).
But offering a lot of opportunities for the use of territory as auxiliary platform, places to accommodate equipment or as a private recreation area, isolated from external space.
In this regard, the flat roof can provide many interesting opportunities, but when it is used there is its limitations.
The main feature of a flat roof is an almost horizontal surface. Such surfaces are low - up to 8 degrees, It is only needed for draining a rain or melt water.
Under the layout of the plane, there is almost zero wind load (with a proper device without hanging edges) with maximum snow.
Wherein, the design of the roof has a complex multilayer structure, ensuring the tightness of the coating and the working state of the insulation.
The most favorable operating conditions of flat roofs:
For areas with cold and snowy winters, the use of flat roofs is recommended only for small buildings for economic purposeshaving a relatively small area.
The use of flat roofs on residential buildings more characteristic of southern areas where the problem of high snow pressures in winter time absent.
Flat roof
A certain, the classic composition of the roofing pie of a flat roof does not exist. Structure of layers Most often based on the following factors:
The decisive factor determining the composition of the roof from the very beginning of construction is the purpose of the roof. It depends on it, which material is needed for the construction of the overlap, how it will be insulated, what is the optimal coating material in this case.
Flat roof insulation soft roof It is made outsideSince such a method is much more convenient and more reliable from the position of the cake tightness.
General insulation technology looks like:
This is a general plan, in practice. it is often complemented or complicated In order to more reliable protection against the penetration of water or the formation of cold bridges.
Roofing pie
One of the options for a flat roof device - inversion roof. This is about the new kind Cake designs that take into account the shortcomings of the usual options.
The fact is that the widespread misfortune of flat roof is the seeping of water through the insulation in the overlap and the appearance of spots and divorces.
To eliminate this phenomenon, use inversion roofs when between the overlap and insulation, a reliable waterproofing carpet is established (often multi-layered).
The composition of the cake is built in this way.:
Over the ballast layer, if necessary, you can lay a rigid coating for the preservation of the uniform thickness of the ballast and convenience of movement.
Inversion roofing pie
As a base for a flat roof, a tree or concrete can be used. Both options are permissible, but not interchangeable.
So, wood base is used for small buildings, most often business.
If there is no heating, then such a roof is not insteading, there is a simple slinge system and over the roofing coating. Nevertheless, wooden floors are used for residential houses.
This is connected with the desire to ease the roof, remove the excess load from the walls (for example, with a framework of construction).
CAUTION!
This option imposes certain restrictions on the functionality of the roof, excluding the presence of heavy equipment on it, a large number of people, etc.
Most often, for used roofs of residential buildings as the basis use concrete slab . Such overlap has a number of significant advantages:
Since it is produced outside, then the bottom surface of the concrete overlap (the ceiling of the upper floor) will be open, which allows you to use any accessible finish type - from simple staining to the installation of the stretch ceiling.
If the overlap is made of wood (beams), then the finish should be made taking into account the possible deformation - the "sagging" of the ceiling from the existing loads.
Photo of the roofs in the context:
Wood base
Concrete basis
The composition of the roofing cake is never chosen randomly. The main selection criterion is the overall roof purpose:
Depending on the purpose of the roof, the type of overlapping is selected, which, in turn, largely determines the optimal type of roofing material. Therefore, the composition of the roofing cake can have their own, individual features.
So, for a flat roof of a household building will be enough:
Light roof
For the roof operatedwhich is used as a platform for installation of solar panels, satellite television plates or other equipment, the composition is much more difficult:
In this case, the outer coating serves pavement tiles, as a durable and cheap material.
ATTENTION!
At the same time, rain or melting water can be quite easy to penetrate into the layer of insulation, so it should be resistant to moisture, impenetrable for water, or, as an option, painlessly to skip water for removal through the drainage layer to the drain.
Operated roof
Cake scheme for creating a green roof:
In this case, there is a multistage hydraulic protection, reliably cutting the material of the insulation from the upper ground layer. Such a cutoff, at first glance, too complicated, need to guaranteed to create a reliable water barrier.
The soil is an active moisture battery that will surely be leaning into the lower layers, so the complexity of the cake is quite justified.
Green roof
The material for coating a flat roof is selected based on its purpose.
Unused surfaces are most often covered with rubberoid with sealing joints with liquid bitumen.
Recently, a large number of similar materials appeared with improved characteristics that allow you to more reliably protect roofing pie.
Operated surfaces require more rigid and durable coating . At the same time, the task of hermetic cut-off of the insulation from external influences is not removed, so the sand-cement pillow and the working layer - the paving slabs are stacked most often on top of the soft roof.
Coating
How to make a flat roof? First of all, it is necessary to determine the main parameters - the type of roof, device, etc. Consider the installation option of an exploited flat roof with concrete overlapping and external water supply with gutters:
This sequence is one of the options, there are many similar techniques that are equivalent to the result, but differing in detail.
The device of a flat roof, traditionally considered to belong to auxiliary buildings, can be carried out in such a way that the surface of the roofing has become an additional platform, which can be used for various needs.
Depending on the climatic conditions of the area, the surface of a flat roof is converted into a green lawn, to the technical zone for accommodating equipment, in the recreation area.
All options for the operated roof require careful arrangement and expensive materials.. The qualitative result directly depends on the qualifications of people producing work and on the financial capabilities of the home owner.
But do not forget that you can build a flat roof with your own hands.
Attachments in an equipped flat roof used only in regions with short soft winters and a low average monthly level of precipitation. All other issues of solutions and serious problems do not cause.
Waterproofing
Insulation
In this video, you will learn what the device is flat roofing from the filtered materials:
In contact with
A flat roof in a private house gives many different features. With such a simple design, you can save on roofing materials and work, and the installation is carried out in a shorter period. Also on its surface it is easier to place various systems: Antennas, hoods, solar panels and others. All this additional area can be used by equipping a garden, a seating area or a greenhouse.
However, despite the cheaper installation, you need to take into account many nuances so that such a roof will not be a "headache" for the owner of the house.
A flat roof as any other should fully fulfill all its functions: protection against water and its removal and thermal insulation. In addition, it should have sufficient strength to withstand external loads.
This is precisely the structure of the roofing pie consisting of the following mandatory elements.
For normal moisture removal, the podlalka is used. Most often - this is a screed that generates tilt angles by which water can be drained into a prepared system of trays to remove it from the roof plane.
Saving on any details of the flat roof is unacceptable, otherwise it will lead to leaks, freezing and other negative phenomena of poorly mounted roof pie.
The presence, order and sequence of individual elements of roofing cake are determined by the type of roof. Eliminate such structures of flat floors:
In addition, the type of roof depends on other factors, for example, the room is heated, or not.
Depending on whether there will be a premises to have a heating system or not, during installation, the level of roof assembly may differ.
Usually, garages, sheds, gazebos, and various pavilions are used as unheated buildings.
This is the easiest option of a flat roof that can be mounted on a subsidiary. unheated room do it yourself with minimal costs of money and time.
In residential buildings with heating system, roofing pie for a flat roof will be different. Here it will be necessary to the presence of a thermal insulating layer, high-quality hydro and vaporizolation. The presence of the latter is equally important, since water vapor can gradually spoil all the roofing pie.
You can also mount a more thorough roof from the monolithic concrete.
In this embodiment, a solid concrete base is made with your own hands.
The pitch is the formation of minor slopes on the surface of a flat roof, which allows removing water from its surface. The drainage system is collected in two versions: external and internal. That is, trays can be fixed to the roof end or on its surface.
With the inner arrangement of the drainage gutters, the presence of hydrochildren is planned in advance, the number of which is calculated so - 1 funnel per 25 square meters of roof area.
The flashes can be formalized in the following ways.
The entire reference process should be planned in advance and make it a preliminary scheme-drawing. If you do not withstand the necessary slope, the water accumulated will gradually spoil all the roofing pie, which reduces its protective function.
