Designing a private house without taking into account the ventilation system is considered incorrect. For a toilet, a bathroom, the change of air improves its composition, prevents the appearance of mold on the wall surfaces and the ceiling, is flexible. Air exchange improves the microclimate in the premises, protects structures from destruction.
Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet in a private house is carried out mainly natural and forced. The first option is more economical and easier to implement. Does not require energy costs. The gap between the door and the floor is enough for fresh air to enter through it. Sometimes a ventilation grill is installed at the bottom of the door for these purposes. But the effectiveness of this method is low. The required air exchange is not performed, therefore mechanical devices are installed.
Forced air change does not depend on external conditions. The stream is fed and removed in the specified mode. Volatility is the main disadvantage, because the fan is powered by the mains.
Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet in a private house can be installed by hand. At the same time, there are no significant differences, both between devices and installation technologies. The difficulty can be caused by the fact that the main ventilation duct is located at some distance from the bathroom. To ensure the required and high-quality air exchange, an inflow of fresh air should be organized. For this, a separate ventilation sleeve is assembled specifically for the bathroom. It should be oriented towards a common (stationary) duct.
When the main channel is located in the bathroom through a wall with a toilet, it is allowed to install ventilation grilles in both rooms. In this case, the exhaust shaft should be located directly behind the wall of the toilet room, but not behind the door.
Attention! Mechanical air exchange is universal. It is suitable for combined and non-combined bathroom and bathroom ventilation systems.
With a small room size and a closely passing main channel, an overhead fan model is mounted. It is powerful enough, does not create noise in operation (up to 40dB), consumes a small amount of electricity, and fits into any room design.
The efficiency of air exchange depends on the correctly selected equipment power. Roughly, its calculation is carried out according to the scheme.
For example, it looks like this. Bathroom with an area of 15 sq. used by 4 people. For calculations it is accepted correction factor 8. Then the required performance of the fan will be: 15 * 8 = 120 m3 / h.
Attention! If you need to ensure air exchange in a room with an area of more than 15 square meters, the overhead fan model will be ineffective. Here, centrifugal channel injection units are better suited.
Before assembling the fan into the duct, the power supply is also cut off, but the order of work is somewhat different.
Attention! The main link of forced air exchange is the ventilation unit. You need to buy it according to the calculated parameters with the presence of a passport and a manufacturer's warranty.
With the wrong equipment or inaccurate calculations, the ventilation system does not work efficiently enough. As a consequence, there is a reverse ventilation effect. The exhaust air is blown back into the bathroom or toilet. Installing a check valve solves this problem by shutting off the return flow.
The choice of device depends on the type of ventilation system. When the channel is located vertically, air flows move along it. A horizontal valve is installed to close them. In case of longitudinal installation of the air duct, the shut-off piece is mounted vertically.
Some comments on the arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom and in the bathroom
Thus, in a private house, ventilation in rooms with high air humidity, emission unpleasant odors is needed unambiguously. How it will be organized is another matter. Natural aeration is often used together with forced air exchange (open window, door, etc.). From the existing methods, you can always choose the best option and execute it with my own hands to create comfortable living conditions.
There must be ventilation in the bathroom, which can fully provide the necessary air exchange. Typically, these rooms always have a high level of humidity, which often leads to the appearance of mold or mildew. V multi-storey buildings ventilation is provided by the project during construction. However, during the construction of a private house or during repairs in an apartment, ventilation is often required in the bathroom and toilet, but not knowledgeable person it will be very difficult to do it yourself, so it is important to carefully study all the installation rules.
Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is an important requirement to ensure that these spaces can be used comfortably for everyday needs. In the bathroom and toilet, there is a constant accumulation of increased moisture levels due to fumes. But it is moisture that can cause the appearance of fungus and mold. Mold components can cause negative impact on human health. They can settle on the lungs, cause serious pathological processes respiratory tract, while causing the appearance of asthma, allergic reactions. In addition, it can cause serious harm to the room, it destroys materials, objects on which this harmful fungus forms. Therefore, it is imperative to equip ventilation in accordance with all rules and regulations. Any deviation from the established requirements can lead to an inadequate ventilation workflow in the apartment bathroom.
As a rule, all the necessary requirements for ventilation of standard rooms in bathrooms and toilets in apartments are detailed in the section "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" of SNiP 41-01-2003.
Exhaust ventilation diagram
According to the requirements of this document, it is necessary to install artificial ventilation in the rooms when there is air with high pollution or natural conditions with low environmental friendliness. Also, according to the norms of this document, artificial ventilation of the bathroom is required if the necessary sanitary standards are not observed due to the lack of natural ventilation or there is poor ventilation.
The level of air exchange rate for one person is 28 mg / m3. If there is an increase in the level of carbon dioxide, then a person may experience severe shortness of breath, dry cough, runny nose.
In addition, there are several more important instructions:
All bathroom ventilation systems are classified into three types. Therefore, before proceeding with the arrangement of ventilation, it is worth finding out what types it can be, and which one is best suited.
This type of ventilation is suitable when the construction of a house or a cottage is only planned, namely at the time when the project is being created, the initial laying of the bathroom takes place. In order to be able to carry out the installation of this system normally, a private house must have special ventilation ducts that pass through the internal structure of the walls and go to the attic. These channels can be made of bricks or special plastic material.
Natural ventilation scheme
Before proceeding with the organization of a natural ventilation system, it is worth paying attention to several important recommendations:
Natural ventilation should be present in every private house and other buildings. No construction project is carried out without the use of a natural ventilation system.
Ventilation system in a private house
Natural ventilation systems cannot cope with the large amount of condensation deposition, which forms the appearance of fungus and mold. If a few years ago it was believed that it was almost impossible to eliminate the formation of fungus and mold, then today they have created latest systems ventilation, which helps to completely eliminate this unpleasant problem.
The main difference between artificial ventilation and natural ventilation is that it uses special equipment that draws air into the ventilation duct. Domestic fans of axial, duct, radial type can be used to draw in air. During the operation of these devices, as a result of the rotation of the rotor blades, the air flows are processed and further directed into the ventilation duct. This artificial system can be equipped with your own hands, but it is not mandatory.
A few tips from experienced craftsmen:
Depending on the purpose of the system, there can be several types:
Types of ventilation
Also, ventilation systems can have types depending on the features structural elements... By design, ventilation systems are usually of two types:
Channelless
Channel
Arrangement of ventilation is a rather complex and responsible matter, during which it is worth considering all important nuances... Any deviation from the norms can cause serious violations in the further operation of this system. Therefore, many experts recommend, before making ventilation in the bathroom, to consider the features of the principle of the device of this system. In these cases, it is worth considering several important features:
Diagram of the exhaust ventilation device of a multi-storey building
Ventilation may not always work as required, and there may be plenty of reasons for this. Therefore, before you start arranging ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, it is worth considering all the important nuances, including the reasons for poor ventilation draft.
What causes poor ventilation?
Many experts recommend before starting to do new ventilation, it is worth dealing with the old one, perhaps its workflow can be improved. To do this, it will be possible to clean it of various debris, accumulations of unnecessary elements.
One of the important ventilation conditions for a bathroom is the presence of special grilles on the doors. These elements provide full ventilation of the room air, thereby preventing the formation of condensation and high humidity.
The modern plumbing fixtures market offers big choice these products, which differ in outward appearance, by shape, by material of manufacture. Therefore, the choice of these products is rarely difficult.
The main feature that defines these products is the way and place of installation of the grilles. On this basis, products are divided into the following varieties:
Therefore, before purchasing these products, it is worth deciding where you plan to install this element. If the bathroom is combined, then it is best to use supply grilles.
Principle of operation
Be sure to take into account the material from which these elements are made. It is on him that the strength and wear resistance of the lattice depend.
All grilles are made from the following types of material:
Aluminum
Wooden
Ventilation grilles made of plastic material have high anti-corrosion properties and low cost. However, the structure of plastic under the influence of the sun quickly loses its attractiveness, and after a while it begins to break, crack, collapse. For this reason, plastic grilles are recommended for interior doors that are inside the premises.
Aluminum gratings are highly durable and lightweight. But, despite these properties, under the influence of sunlight, the aluminum base quickly collapses and becomes unusable. In addition, aluminum gratings are expensive.
But these products require constant increased care, otherwise they can quickly lose all their qualities. In addition, wooden gratings have a high price. Grilles made of steel material are heavy and very overpriced. But these products are the most durable.
All ventilation grilles have slats, which are usually the letter V. All slats are installed on a frame, which is made of plastic or metal material... Despite the fact that the design of ventilation grilles is quite simple, these products fulfill all their functions and allow you to ventilate the air in rooms with high humidity levels. They can also have different shapes which have some peculiarities.
Products with a rectangular shape are usually used for door designs in toilets, bathrooms, kitchen rooms. The presence of this element makes it possible to fully circulate indoor air flows inside the room. Sometimes these products are mounted inside window sills. The presence of these elements in the window sills ensures the spread of warm air from heating appliances throughout the room.
Features of these products:
Round grilles can have mosquito nets, dampers can be movable, and sometimes they can be equipped with an additional fan.
Features of round products:
In order for the lattices to be able to provide full ventilation for the bathroom and get rid of high humidity, it is worthwhile to approach the choice of these products with particular care and responsibility. The further ventilation system in the bathroom and toilet depends on how these products are chosen.
Arrangement of ventilation in the bathroom of a private house or apartment is a rather complicated process that requires compliance with all the nuances. Indeed, due to the ventilation systems, the formation of high humidity, condensation, which often leads to the formation of fungus and mold, is prevented. Therefore, if you decide to remake these systems or are planning to build a house, then think over everything to the smallest detail in advance, do not forget to study all the important requirements and norms of these systems.
All houses and apartments are equipped with special ventilation holes, the main purpose of which is to maintain a normal air composition. Purpose of ventilation in the bathroom:
With insufficient ventilation, the air becomes excessively humid, which leads to the appearance of mold and the development of pathogenic bacteria harmful to humans. Therefore, having settled in new house or an apartment, special attention should be paid to the organization of high-quality ventilation in the bathroom, characterized by high humidity, since comfortable living in the apartment as a whole depends on this.
There are two types of ventilation systems:
The ventilation system is developed during the construction of any house. V apartment buildings, as a rule, is used, which provides for the removal of air to the outside due to atmospheric pressure and different temperatures inside and outside the house.
It happens that the existing ventilation system does not cope well with its task, then you need to think about its modernization.
Bring to ventilation grill a burning match or lighter. Ventilation is OK if the flame reaches the grate or goes out. If it fluctuates slightly or does not fluctuate at all, a forced ventilation installation is needed.
There is another way: after taking a hot shower or bath, look at the tiles and mirrors - if a lot of condensation has formed on the tiles, and the mirror is very foggy, the hood power is insufficient. If this problem is not resolved, the inevitable appearance of mold and mildew, the smell of mustiness, damage to furniture and the formation of corrosion on plumbing equipment.
The problem of insufficient ventilation in the bathroom can be solved in the following ways:
The first two methods are quite costly, complex, but highly effective. If you are not ready to spend a large amount, it is possible to upgrade the ventilation in the bathroom yourself.
In a small bathroom in small apartments, you can solve the problem of poor air circulation by installing an exhaust fan in the hole for natural ventilation. The most important thing is to choose the right device. There are several types of fans on sale:
Which option to choose is up to you. An appliance with a timer will provide maximum effective cleaning air. There are fans equipped with a humidity sensor (hygrostat) - this is especially true for a bathroom. This device will turn on when the humidity level exceeds the set value. When installing such a fan, take care to protect the wiring and fan from splashes.
Also consider the size of the ventilation opening when choosing the appliance. The purchased fan together with the motor must be inserted into the ventilation hole, then close the grill and conduct the wiring from the bathroom to the outside. When connecting directly to a relay, wedge the fan wiring into the circuit up to the voltage-changing transformer for low-voltage appliances.
The fan equipped with a timer is connected with a four-wire cable. Connect it parallel to the lighting lamp. Lead a separate wire for the phase to the timer.
Important! The wire for the phase must not be interrupted by the switch, otherwise the device will not function.
The fan will start working as soon as the light turns on. When the light is turned off, the device is powered by electricity from a separate phase. After the set time has elapsed, the fan will turn off automatically. To connect the contact terminals to the network, use a two-core cable with a diameter of 0.2 mm. Pass the phase wire through the fan, lead the zero wire directly to it.
Scheme for turning on the fan with light in the bathroom
This option is suitable for those who have connection experience electrical devices... If there is no such experience, it is better to install fresh air ventilation.
For the construction of a complex branched you will need:
The installation scheme is as follows: a main air duct is laid under the ceiling, to which branches are connected with the help of tees for the intake of exhaust air from all rooms.
Installation procedure:
Consider a few tips:
Attention! Exhaust ventilation should not be discharged from a window, not into the attic or inside the house, but outside, preferably through the roof.
Install a grate or net at the outlet to prevent rodents and birds from entering the system, as well as a protective canopy.
To design a high-quality ventilation system at the stage of building a house, it is worth contacting professionals. Also, choose a room for your bathroom that is available.
Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet will help prevent the appearance of dampness, mold and mildew. This must be foreseen before starting overhaul... In these rooms, there are constant temperature drops and increased air humidity, which over time will certainly affect the condition of the walls and ceiling, where pathogenic flora will begin to develop. To carry out the work, you can invite a master or do it yourself.
Ventilation in the bathroom of a private house or summer cottage is arranged quite simply: the air duct is located under the ceiling and is led out to the roof or into a common hood. When the door is opened, the air flow enters the room and exits through the chimney, creating natural circulation.
In apartment buildings, the situation is a little more complicated: the entire entrance is connected to one ventilation duct. In apartments located on the lower floors, the risk of clogging of the air exchange system is much higher.
Forced ventilation in the bathroom.
The main types of ventilation are:
The choice depends on the place of residence and state. In multi-storey buildings, it is preferable forced ventilation.
A correctly installed hood works very simply: air enters the bathroom or toilet and then exits through the ventilation shaft. The difference in temperature indoors and outdoors creates a draft, with the help of which the air flows are constantly moving.
When air escapes from the hygiene room, a zone is created reduced pressure, the difference is compensated for by the inflow from the street through open window when airing. Thus, natural ventilation occurs, which is called supply ventilation.
Natural ventilation cannot take place if the door to the bathroom or toilet is hermetically closed. For normal air circulation, it is necessary to provide a gap between the door and the floor through which fresh air will constantly flow.
If a natural or mine is disturbed), problems instantly arise: humidity rises, unpleasant odors appear, condensation can accumulate on smooth surfaces and heating pipes.
It is better to check the working condition of natural ventilation during the cold season. This requires:
The extent of the blockage can be determined by the behavior of the paper. If it holds up weakly, then the air passes, but not in in full... If the sheet does not hold at all, then the channel is completely clogged. In either case, cleaning or installation of a device for forced ventilation is required.
Unlike natural ventilation, forced ventilation in the toilet and bathroom is provided by a fan built into the air exchange system. When choosing it, you need to take into account that it will consume electricity and work in high humidity.
Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, its cost, durability, performance and noise level depend on. It is of three types:
The first device is not suitable, it is designed to work in air conditioning systems and heat guns. You need to choose between the other two types of devices.
The axial model differs from the radial in lower cost and more power, but at the same time it produces more noise. The impeller of the axial fan is driven by an electric motor, the air flow goes along the axis of the motor, it is installed directly on the exhaust hole.
Work radial fans is based on centrifugal force, so power consumption and noise levels can be reduced by changing the tilt of the blades. Install such a device in a ventilation pipe, at some distance from the grill.
Buying the right fan is hampered by a large assortment of various models, so it's better to use the hint. When choosing a hood, several factors are taken into account at once:
These indicators will help you make your choice. The required performance can be calculated according to the following scheme:
This will be the choice of the performance of the device with a small margin. Assumed air change in the room - at least 5-8 times a day.
You can install a fan in the toilet with your own hands, as in the bathroom, if there are already ready-made air ducts. Before starting the installation, it is imperative to check them for blockages, and if necessary, clean the channels with a special brush. If you cannot restore air exchange on your own, then it is better to call a specialist who will do it professionally.
When the bathroom and toilet are located separately, it is enough to put a fan in one of the rooms, provided that they are connected by a ventilation hole in common wall and air circulates freely between them.
With a wall-mounted axial fan, everything is simple - it is installed over the ventilation hole:
The grill of the ventilation opening is put in place, and the wires are covered with a special box to protect them from moisture.
In order to save energy, some people prefer to automatically turn on the fan when they turn on the light in the bathroom or toilet. The operation of the device in this mode may not be enough to maintain an optimal microclimate. This must be taken into account when connecting the wires to the switch.
With no confidence in own forces it is better to consult a specialist. They will quickly solve the ventilation problem and carefully perform all the work in compliance with the rules and regulations.
When installing a mixed system (natural and forced), it is necessary to have two exhaust openings. One of them will have a fan. Mixed supply and exhaust system used in large rooms, with high humidity, where conventional supply ventilation is not enough.
High-quality ventilation in the bathroom and toilet is an integral element of the comfort and cleanliness of these premises. Unlike other rooms, they have increased requirements for convenience and accuracy.
The purpose of such sanitary facilities implies the need to constantly maintain close to ideal cleanliness. The ventilation system plays a leading role in this process.
Cleanliness and freshness of the air is an indisputable condition for a comfortable stay in the room. But if in living rooms this condition is easy enough to comply with by airing through the windows, then there are some difficulties in the toilet and bathroom with it. Not every bathroom in a private house can boast of the presence of a sufficient window opening. The peculiarities of the location of the premises in an apartment rarely imply the presence of a window as such.
Typical multi-apartment buildings, as a rule, “hide” the sanitary zone in a “blank” box of a small area with a common air ventilation duct. It is realized as a small opening under the ceiling, working according to the natural supply and exhaust principle.
Sanitary facilities in apartment buildings equipped with windows are mostly shared bathrooms in non-standard high-rise buildings. However, even with window opening ventilation in the bathroom and toilet may be insufficiently intense, which will certainly cause discomfort for residents and visitors.
In fact, the rooms that most of all need high-quality cleaning from odors and moisture have the most difficult mechanism for the operation of the hood. In addition, the appearance of unpleasant odors is far from the most dangerous problem of poor ventilation of the sanitary zone. The accumulated excess moisture is a favorable environment for the development of fungal mold and pathogens.
In order to avoid violation of hygiene standards, it is recommended to select the appropriate type of ventilation for the bathroom and toilet in a timely manner.
It is also allowed to improve existing ventilation - you can do this yourself. This measure is quite relevant for typical high-rise buildings.
Approval of the optimal way to make ventilation in the bathroom and toilet usually comes down to a choice between two main system options - natural and forced. Each of them has its own merits. Comparison of options should be based on the current need and effectiveness of the currently established system.
There are practically no difficulties with how to check the ventilation in the sanitary rooms. If the room persists for a long time bad smell, there is a feeling of stale, stale air, the level of humidity rises noticeably - this is a signal to check the condition and effectiveness of the vents. The appearance of fungus on the walls and wet plaque is a direct evidence of the need for urgent modernization of the air exchange system.
