Exercises in equilibrium provided by the program of upbringing and training in kindergarten for children of senior preschool age. These exercises are carried out on average or slowed down in the presence of educators and possible assistance and insurance to certain preschoolers. There are special exercises that contribute to the development of equilibrium. Senior preschool children give more complex exercises the technique of execution of such exercises should meet the highest requirements.
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1. The value of exercises in equilibrium for the psychophysical development of the child.
Under the psychophysical qualities of children understand the strength, speed, the presence of endurance, dexterity, flexibility.
Specialists in physical education today are actively discussing the problems arising in the process of the formation of mental and physical qualities of children.
The development process of all these qualities is an important task of physical education.
The analysis of literary sources on this topic shows that the problems of physical education of children are more determined by the process in which the child's motor quality develops in different age steps.
The execution of children's development exercises contributes to the comprehensive development of space, the development of the skills of coordination of their own action.
The process of training the child's consciousness contributes to the preparation of a solid base aimed at studying the most complex complex and meditative exercises.
The exercise on the development of equilibrium provides a community effect, stimulates the activities of the CNS, retains the flexibility of the joints, strengthens the muscles, contributes to the development, such qualities, as stability, inner calm, concentration.
With the help of physical exercises, the restoration of mental equilibrium is achieved.
Mastering equilibrium preservation skill is also a complex lesson for the baby.
Many children acquire this skill only as a result of multiple repetitions of a successive action.
The development of the vestibular apparatus responsible for the feeling of equilibrium is the method of developing a part of the brain and, therefore, its entirely.
This fact was confirmed by the experiments of Boris Klosovsky, which received evidence that the stimulation of the vestibular apparatus of newborns contributes to a more rapid development of their brain.
2. Types of equilibrium.
In order to judge the behavior of the body in real conditions, it is a little known that it is in equilibrium. We still need to evaluate this balance. There are stable, unstable and indifferent equilibrium.
Body equilibrium is calledsustainable If with deviation from it there are forces that return the body to the equilibrium position.
In a sustainable equilibrium, the center of gravity of the body takes the lowest of all close positions.
The position of stable equilibrium is associated with a minimum of potential energy in relation to all close neighboring provisions of the body.
Body equilibrium is calledunstable If with the most insignificant deviation from it, the resulting body acting on the body causes further deviation of the body from the equilibrium position.
In the position of an unstable equilibrium, the height of the center of gravity is maximum and the potential energy is maximum in relation to other close positions of the body.
Equilibrium, in which the bodies offset in any direction does not cause changes to the strength acting on it and the equilibrium of the body is maintained, calledindifferent.
Indeline equilibrium is associated with the constant potential energy of all close conditions, and the height of the center of gravity is the same in all sufficiently close positions.
3. Exercises in the equilibrium, provided for by the "Program of Education and Training in kindergarten" for children of senior preschool age.
It is known that equilibrium (its preservation and maintenance) is the constant and necessary component of any movement.
In the older preschool age, equilibrium through a variety of exercises continues to improve.
The defective process of developing equilibrium functions has an impact on the accuracy of movements, their pace, rhythm.
Improve the results of a child of five-six-year-old age is possible with the help of a good development of muscle tone coordination.
Older preschool children are held classes aimed at developing equilibrium on a reduced and increased support with various subjects.
When performing children of exercises that contribute to the development of equilibrium, such qualities are involved as concentration, attention, volitional efforts. These exercises are carried out on average or slowed down in the presence of educators, and possible assistance and insurance to certain preschoolers.
There are special exercises that contribute to the development of equilibrium. These include walking, running and other movements that are performed on a reduced and increased support area.
With the help of these exercises, such qualities are developed as a balance, eye meter, courage. The smaller the support area, the greater the height of the object and the angle of the chalkboard, the logs, the more difficulties arise when exercising and the more difficult to maintain balance.
At first, children should perform an exercise on the floor (between 2 cords), then on boards, benches, logs (horizontal, inclined). And only further spend an exercise on the rake of a gymnastic bench. The width of the manual and its height for a five-six-year-old child must be defined. A normal width is fifteen centimeters, thirty centimeters high. Senior preschoolers perform walking not only forward and sideways, but also back forward, while children must change the position of the hands.
When performing exercises in Lazagne, various muscle groups are involved.
Senior Preschool children give more complex exercises, the technique of execution of such exercises must meet the highest requirements. This task has a positive effect on the cardiovascular and respiratory system of the body, the development of such qualities as flexibility, coordination of movement, eye meter, courage, etc.
Exercises for crawling, overwhelming must be combined with other movements. The process of organizing these exercises should be accompanied by an attentive approach of educators. The success of such tasks is depending on how the selection and arrangement of benefits is made.
Snorzka is necessary when performing exercises associated with alternated subjects and overpaying the rails of the ladder, which is raised by fifty-sixty centimeters from the floor.
Senior preschool children give exercises associated with pulling up on benches on the knees, movement with the help of hands, legs, all the torso, sitting on a log.
At this stage, much longer is givenlazagany Vertical stairs, tribunes, gymnastic walls.
All children should be able to climb to the very top of the wall, switch from a span to the span with an appropriate step at an altitude of 4-6 rails and above.
Children also master the transition from a span on the span with a simultaneous lifting up the wall diagonally.
Children get acquainted with lasaging alternating steps with the same name and multi-way methods. They also exercise in climbing through the top of the stepladder, through the fence, in turn of overpaying their legs and intercepting their hands. In a different way, it can be called a passing pass.
In the senior group, they introduce children with Lazagan on the rope. We should not forget that any exercises in Lazagne require high organized children, disciplines.
Exercises should be ensured by the Insurance of the educator and are carried out in safe conditions.
At the same time, you need to raise courage, resourcefulness, the ability to be lost in an unexpected difficult situation.
During the outdoor class take care of Lazagne in natural conditions, use the benefits of different designs and heights.
Throwing refers to high-speed and power exercises. It helps to strengthen all major muscle groups, and also brings up force, speed, dexterity, eye meter, flexibility, equilibrium.
Actions with objects (slices of MS sand), the balls develop the skin-muscular sensations. You can rude, left hand and two hands.
Throwing can be performed from different source positions (standing, standing on your knees, lying, from running out) and in different directions: forward, back-up, to the side, up, down, back.
Throwing with one hand is performed in the following ways: "From behind the back over the shoulder", "straight hand from below", "straight hand from above", "straight hand side." Two hands can be thrown in ways: "bottom", "from the chest", "from the shoulder", "because of the head", "side".
Throwing requires developed muscles, a shoulder belt and a certain fortress of ligaments and joints.
In this regard, in preschool institutions, the preparatory exercises for throwing are occupied by a large place: riding, rolling, rolling, throwing, "Iskos of the shoulder".
Preparatory exercises develop the eye meter, strength, the ability to throw the ball in a certain direction and other qualities necessary for throwing the range and in the target. These exercises are performed by the right and left hand to evenly develop all muscle groups.
Characteristic of the children of this age is that they correctly perceive the instructions of the educator and perform exercises in accordance with their capabilities - throw the ball low (50-60 cm), change the position, send hands towards the flying ball, which indicates a significant improvement of coordination movements.
A lot of time in the senior groups is paid to the exercises in throwing and catching the ball individually, in a circle, in circles with leading, etc. Here are also widespread exercises with printed balls weighing 05-1 kg. These manuals are used for rolling, transmission, casting, carrying.
There are also different types in classes.bega : Slow, with an average speed, fast, uniform and changing speed, with additional tasks, with overcoming obstacles, in different directions, with high knee lifting, etc.
All types of running give a greater functional load on the body, are good means for training the respiratory and blood circulation organs, raising endurance.
You can dose the physical activity by changing the way of running, distance and quantity of its segments, reducing or increasing rest intervals between runs, varying speed.
And also walking Normal, on socks, heels, stop areas, with a high lifting of the knees, a wide step, anxious fraud, gymnastic, sports, stroke, hiking, in the satisfaction, half-period, etc.
These walks are different from each other by the position of the body, legs, hands. Walking can be performed by one child, small groups and the whole group; in various constructions (Shero, in a column one by one, two, three, four, etc.); In different directions (forward, back - back forward, in a circle, snake, zigzag, sideways - to the right, left, swarming).
Bounce - One of the types of basic movements - refers to acyclic, high-speed strength exercise.
In the jumps there are no repetition times: each jump is one finished, flowing in a certain sequence.
Jumping have a positive effect on the whole organism of children. They contribute to the development of all major muscle groups, ligaments, joints, especially legs.
When performing a jump, the large load falls on the bone system of the legs and the spine, there is a concussion of all internal organs.
In jumping from the runway, the load on the cardiovascular and respiratory system is enhanced.
In the process of performing a jump in children, physical qualities are developing: courage, determination, overcoming the disease, and also increases the emotional state of children.
4. Static and dynamic equilibrium criteria in preschool children.
One of the most important for the preschooler with an indicator of motor maturity, its readiness for the development of new more complex movements isequilibrium - The ability to maintain stability while driving and in a static position.
Equilibrium depends on the state of the vestibular apparatus, the functional activity of the body as a whole, motor experience.
The need for special exercises aimed at developing sustainability for preschoolers is obvious.
The greatest effect in this plan gives movements performed on a reduced and high support: walking and running through a narrow track, on one leg, stop at the signal during a circling, landing in the jump in a precise place, crawling on a bench, skiing, riding By cycling.
Any movement performed on a limited area requires significant physical and volitional effort and forms specific muscle sensations.
There are static and dynamic exercises.
Static equilibrium- it is racks on socks, on one leg, on one leg sock.
Children master them in game assignments, the type "Who is longer thanks" (heron, stork, swallow, resistant tin soldier, etc.), as well as in general weary exercises: squatting on socks, alternate mahs with legs, squeezing with lifting on socks, etc.
Dynamic exercises are targeted motor assignments with a specific result; pass (run, slip, complete) on the bench jump (go away) at the end; go through a bench, stepping the cherva objects; go through a bench with the subject in hand; with a bag on the head; go through the snow track in the trail; To get into the target in the snow, standing on a snow shaft (bench), etc.
The complexity of the exercise depends mainly on the height and width of the support, as well as the method of movement.
Naturally, the kids are moving along a wide and low board or bench. But go to the usual step. The older on such a bench can run, ride, dance.
And the usual step of the senior is offered to pass along Brusa inverted benches (width10 cm).
Thus, variation of motor tasks can be infinite.
The complexity of the tasks increases if the movement is carried out on the inclined plane - along the board raised by one end, as attached to the gymnastic wall of the bench, on the slope of a wooden slide, along the slope of a hill or a rack.
Interesting combination in one taskdynamic and static equilibrium: walk to the middle of the bench (logs) on socks (with an appropriate step - a heel to the sock, lateral dance, variable dance, etc.) become, straighten the leg ahead (to the side, backward), lean, sit down, turn on 360 °, stretch up (clap your hands over your head), get to the end and jump ahead (to the side, back forward, with turning flight).
You can complicate the task, varying the position on the belt, to the shoulders, on the sides, behind your back, behind the head, up.
Any exercise on an increased support with appropriate control and assistance from an educator contributes to the formation of the right posture, and what makes the child keep track of the position of the body.
Exercises using the bag with sand on the head are directed to the formation of the right posture: if the head goes down - the bag falls. The bag fixes the correct position of the body into the preparatory moment. On the head of the baby, the teacher himself must put a bag.
Methods of manual exercises in equilibrium should take into account the preparedness of children and stimulate, possibly, their independence.
5. Methods of exercises in equilibrium with the children of the senior group of kindergarten.
Children of the older kindergarten group of great importance should be given to the process of developing movements and the formation of such quality as independence.
In this regard, it is necessary to quantify and qualitatively complicate exercises for equilibrium development.
In addition to the exercises, such a traditional movement on benches and tracks should often be used by technically interesting movement of the swarming. To such a type of movement, you can take simultaneously steep, walking, running and stopping in a signal by 2 and 1 leg, including closed eyes; walking, running, jumping back forward toward a deaf wall, including closed eyes.
Perfection of equilibrium is possible not only at the expense of gymnastic exercises.
Sports exercises play a big role in the development of equilibrium (cycling, skiing and sleigh).
A very important point is the process of competent child organization, especially in the tasks that are characterized by a long action. The movement of the child on paths and benches should be a stream.
Children of senior preschool age have the ability to assimilate more rational respiration methods when performing various movements.
Thus, when the children raise their hands up, to the sides, they take a breath, and when they lower them down, exhale is driving forward.
When straightening and flexing the body, a breath is performed, with slopes ahead, to the side - exhale. When children raise their legs forward, an exhalation is performed on the parties.
When lifting legs ahead, toward, squatting, bending legs to the chest, sitting or lying, exhale is performed, when straightening from squatting, the movement of the legs back either lowering the breath.
If you make exercises where it is difficult to determine the most convenient moments of inhalation and exhalation, it is necessary to breathe arbitrarily, evenly, try not to delay the breath.
Sometimes breathing delay is needed when tightening on hand, in a dense grouping lying on the back, while running on speed, etc.
During the fulfillment of the main movements, it is necessary to breathe evenly, trying not to delay the breath. The same applies to the exercises in equilibrium, if they are performed in movement.
Some exercises in equilibrium, which are accompanied by outset, cause short-term breathing delay.
In moving games, breathing is activated. It depends on both the content of the game and the role and degree of its emotional excitement. Intensively breathing and when performing sports exercises.
While walking on skis, skiing, skating, bike should strive to achieve its depth and uniformity.
When mastering swimming, children are seized in different ways of breathing, which correspond to different types of exercises in water.
The technique of conducting classes in the older group is based on the requirements for the assimilation of movements, as well as the need to consistently improve the functional data of the children's body and increase its overall performance.
In the senior group there is an in-depth learning of many motor actions.
It is important to repeat the exercises from the software for the previous age groups, paying attention to the elements of the movement that are not yet mastered by children, achieving the improvement of the quality and performance of movements, deepening the ideas of children about them. Showing the exercises and explaining the task, the educator in the senior group should select the most significant parameters of movements.
It is advisable to concentrate the attention of children at the same time only 1-2 details of the technique of movement, which must be seized during a certain period.
The durable and error-free execution of actions is achieved only as a result of repeated repetition of exercises first in the same, and then in changing conditions.
The setting of specific motor problems (completely straightened the leg, repulse before the obstacle to overcome), the use of landmarks, the individual execution of the task, followed by its analysis and other techniques contribute to the successful mastering movements.
Preschoolers should accustom to correctly assess the actions of their own and other children, it is necessary to encourage their desire for mutual assistance, to bring up their friendliness.
It is necessary to seek the concerned, meaningful relationship of children to exercises, it is one of the sources of the activity of children during classes.
There are two groups of exercises for the development of equilibrium in a child:passive and active.
To the first group of exercises for the development of equilibrium, the child includes those that fulfill basically parents, the child is a passive participant.
Nevertheless, the exercises of this group are very important, to active need to move only when the child learn to perform the first without fear. Time for these exercises is small - from 10 seconds to minute and frequency 1-2 times a day.
This group includes exercises, during which the child moves to the left-right, up-down.
Active exercises include jumping, tonging back, circling on site, swaying, swing on a swing.
All these exercises that the child do with the help of parents or an educator, with regular execution will help the child to develop and improve the feeling of equilibrium.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Vavilova E.N. Learn to run, jump, climb, throw. M., 1983.
2. Keneman A.V., Khuklaeva D.V. Thorium and the technique of physical education of children of preschool age. M., 1985.
3. Levi-Gorijorna E.G. Development of major movements in preschool children. M., 1955.
4. Osokina T.I. Physical culture in kindergarten. M., 1986.
5. The program of upbringing and learning in kindergarten / Ed. M.A.Vasilieva, V.V. Gerbova, TS Komarova. M., 2005.
6. Stepanenkova E.Ya. Theory and technique of physical education and development of the child. M., 2001.
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exercise balance Senior Preschool
Children of the older kindergarten group of great importance should be given to the process of developing movements and the formation of such quality as independence.
In this regard, it is necessary to quantify and qualitatively complicate exercises for equilibrium development.
In addition to the exercises, such a traditional movement on benches and tracks should often be used by technically interesting movement of the swarming. To such a type of movement, you can take simultaneously steep, walking, running and stopping in a signal by 2 and 1 leg, including closed eyes; walking, running, jumping back forward toward a deaf wall, including closed eyes.
Perfection of equilibrium is possible not only at the expense of gymnastic exercises.
Sports exercises play a big role in the development of equilibrium (cycling, skiing and sleigh).
A very important point is the process of competent child organization, especially in the tasks that are characterized by a long action. The movement of the child on paths and benches should be a stream.
Children of senior preschool age have the ability to assimilate more rational respiration methods when performing various movements.
Thus, when the children raise their hands up, to the sides, they take a breath, and when they lower them down, exhale is driving forward.
When straightening and flexing the body, a breath is performed, with slopes ahead, to the side - exhale. When children raise their legs forward, an exhalation is performed on the parties.
When lifting legs ahead, toward, squatting, bending legs to the chest, sitting or lying, exhale is performed, when straightening from squatting, the movement of the legs back either lowering the breath.
If you make exercises where it is difficult to determine the most convenient moments of inhalation and exhalation, it is necessary to breathe arbitrarily, evenly, try not to delay the breath.
Sometimes breathing delay is needed when tightening on hand, in a dense grouping lying on the back, while running on speed, etc.
During the fulfillment of the main movements, it is necessary to breathe evenly, trying not to delay the breath. The same applies to the exercises in equilibrium, if they are performed in movement.
Some exercises in equilibrium, which are accompanied by outset, cause short-term breathing delay.
In moving games, breathing is activated. It depends on both the content of the game and the role and degree of its emotional excitement. Intensively breathing and when performing sports exercises.
While walking on skis, skiing, skating, bike should strive to achieve its depth and uniformity.
When mastering swimming, children are seized in different ways of breathing, which correspond to different types of exercises in water.
The technique of conducting classes in the older group is based on the requirements for the assimilation of movements, as well as the need to consistently improve the functional data of the children's body and increase its overall performance.
In the senior group there is an in-depth learning of many motor actions.
It is important to repeat the exercises from the software for the previous age groups, paying attention to the elements of the movement that are not yet mastered by children, achieving the improvement of the quality and performance of movements, deepening the ideas of children about them. Showing the exercises and explaining the task, the educator in the senior group should select the most significant parameters of movements.
It is advisable to concentrate the attention of children at the same time only 1-2 details of the technique of movement, which must be seized during a certain period.
The durable and error-free execution of actions is achieved only as a result of repeated repetition of exercises first in the same, and then in changing conditions.
The setting of specific motor problems (completely straightened the leg, repulse before the obstacle to overcome), the use of landmarks, the individual execution of the task, followed by its analysis and other techniques contribute to the successful mastering movements.
Preschoolers should accustom to correctly assess the actions of their own and other children, it is necessary to encourage their desire for mutual assistance, to bring up their friendliness.
It is necessary to seek the concerned, meaningful relationship of children to exercises, it is one of the sources of the activity of children during classes.
There are two groups of exercises for the development of equilibrium in a child: passive and active.
To the first group of exercises for the development of equilibrium, the child includes those that fulfill basically parents, the child is a passive participant.
Nevertheless, the exercises of this group are very important, to active need to move only when the child learn to perform the first without fear. Time for these exercises is small - from 10 seconds to minute and frequency 1-2 times a day.
This group includes exercises, during which the child moves to the left-right, up-down.
Active exercises include jumping, tonging back, circling on site, swaying, swing on a swing.
All these exercises that the child do with the help of parents or an educator, with regular execution will help the child to develop and improve the feeling of equilibrium.
Natalia Zamyatina
Exercises and games for the development of equilibrium skills, climbing, crawling and jumping in children
Bring toys.
purpose
Inventory: Rattles, toys, pyramids, ropes are long, landmarks.
Stroke Game: at a distance of 6-7 m from children colored cubes, pyramids, rattles, small balls. From each child to toys marked the tracks width 30 cm. At the suggestion of the teacher, children go to toys, take them, raise up and put on the ground.
rules
Along the path .
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium.
Inventory: Cords
Stroke Game: On the ground at a distance of 25-30 cm, two parallel lines are carried out from each other (or two cords) with a length of 2.5-3 m. Children slowly go along the path and back.
rules: go to the signal; Do not go beyond the edges of the tracks, while maintaining a straight line.
Hold balance .
purpose: Development of walking, running and equilibrium.
Stroke Game: Calm walking behind the educator or running the scene on the site. According to the tutor's sign, the children get up on the edge of the sandbox and hold the equilibrium. Then walking in alternation with running
rules: Begin on the edge of the sandbox and retain balance.
Through streams
purpose: Develop a dexterity in children, exercise in jumps on both legs, in equilibrium.
Stroke Game: All the players are sitting on the chairs, 2 cords are put on 6 steps, the distance between them is 2 meters - this is a cross. Children should in pebbles - the skulls to move to the otherside without fringing the legs. The planks are laid with such a calculation so that children can jump on both legs from one pebble to another. According to the word "went!" 5 children move through the streams. The one who stumbled, departs to the side - "dry shoes". All children must go through the stream.
rules: The losers are the one who joined the foot in the stream.
You can move only by signal.
Small snakes
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium.
Inventory: Rope
Stroke Game: In several places of the room, spread the ropes or tapes, a length of 50 cm. Tell me the baby, that these are snakes and that it is impossible to come on them. Play with the child, holding hands, carefully step over the ropes.
rules: go to the signal; Do not go beyond the edges of the tracks, while maintaining a straight line.
High, low.
purpose: Development of running and equilibrium
Stroke Game: Children go or run in the column each other. The "low" signal is rapidly rotated and run in the opposite direction.
rules: Turn quickly, do not come up on: ahead of going; To be able to be leading.
Butterflies, frogs .
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium.
Inventory: Buben.
Stroke Game: Children go to the column with each other. At the "Butterfly" signal stop and raise hands to the sides. With the blows of the tambourine or at the expense of the educator continue to walk. The "Frog" signal stops and squatted, crouching their knees with their hands.
rules: stop quickly, without pushing out on ahead of going; Satisfied, not to lose balance.
Goats on the bridge.
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium.
Stroke Game: Two children go from different sides on the board (width of 20 cm). Having met in the middle, turn 180 ° and returned to their side.
rules: Discussing, not to lose balance, not to discharge.
Doneyi - do not drop .
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium
Inventory: Pouch and cord
Stroke Game: The cord is put on the ground, a length of 2-3 m. The child is suitable for the cord, puts on his head - well with a swap and passes through the cord, trying not to drop the bag.
rules: The bag can not be hold of hands; If he fell, you need to raise and continue moving.
Difficult transition.
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium
Inventory: Pennet
Stroke Game: Children are invited to go through penets (snowy tubercles, poured into the ground at different heights from 20 to 30 cm, the distance between them is 10 cm.
rules: Complete exactly and not fall.
Running along the hill.
purpose: Development of running and equilibrium
Inventory: Blackboard
Stroke Game: Run and run along the inclined board (width of 20-15 cm, log,
earth and snow hill, limited flags (chopsticks).
rules: Run exactly and not fall
Different, stopless!
purpose: Development of walking and equilibrium
Inventory: Bench
Stroke Game: Two children go on a bench towards each other (from different sides). Having met, diverge, adhering to each other, and continue to move.
rules: Complete exactly and not fall.
Who will not drop longer.
purpose: equilibrium
Inventory: Sand bag
Stroke Game: Playing stand on the floor on one leg, the second leg bent in the knee. Pouch the bag with sand onto the knee and try to resist, without losing the balance.
rules: Bags are put on the signal and stand without holding them with your hand; He who dropped the bag leaves the game
Sovuka.
purpose: Patience and equilibrium
Stroke Game: Playing scatter within the site. The "night" signal stops and do not move. At this time, Owl departs and leads those who move.
rules: Stop in the posture proposed by the educator: stand on one knee; on socks; By forming a couple; Puting the feet on one line (one's one's heel to the other).
Zhmurki with a bell. .
purpose: Patience and equilibrium
Inventory: bandage and bell
Stroke Game: Children get up in a circle, holding hands. In the center two leading. The eyes tie to one of them - this is a bumper, the bell make another. A child with a bell runs inside a circle and calls. Zhmurka tries to catch it up
rules: running rings not all the time; If the bumper can not catch it for a long time to change both.
Zhmurki.
purpose: patience and equilibrium
Inventory: cords and bandage
Stroke Game: The tutor is prescribed to a picture of a leading - Zhmur. It rises in the middle of the platform bounded by cords. He is tied, eyes and offer several times turning. All children are running out, and Zhmurka tries to catch someone. At the sight of any danger (tree, pennies, etc.), players must warn the gum on the word "fire".
rules: Do not go beyond the designated border; Running sputum, you can squat; So that Zhmurka did not go beyond the site, it is warned by the word "fire".
Fight Petukhov.
purpose: equilibrium
Stroke Game: Two children stand in an outlined circle meter 1-1.5 m) face to each other, one leg bent in the knee, arms crossed on the chest. Trying to push the enemy, make him lower his leg or get out of the circle.
rules: do not lower the foot on the floor; The one who stood on both legs or went for a circle is considered to be a loser.
Donashi sob.
purpose: equilibrium
Inventory: Pouch and bench
Stroke Game: 3-4 children get up on the boards or bench put a bag with sand on the back. Creep on all fours (palms and knees, feet and palms) to the end of the benches. Wins the first to win.
rules: when walking does not drop the bag; If he fell, raise, put again on the back and crawl further; At the end of the bench take the bag from the back, also not dropping.
Porce.
purpose: Exposure and equilibrium
Stroke Game: Sit on one leg sock, other pulling forward. Having made a little sweep, change the legs in some places. Hands pull forward or cross on the chest.
rules: Initially jump in an arbitrary pace, then rhythmically at the expense.
Pass the stairs .
purpose: equilibrium
Inventory: chairs and sticks
Stroke Game: On the chairs are laid at a distance of 50 cm one from another. Children pass each other, stepping through sticks.
rules: When overpanding, do not hold onto the chairs; Unfallen, not to encourage each other, observe the intervals.
Exercises
on equilibrium development
in children
preschool age
The basics of health, longevity, comprehensive motorities and harmonious physical development are laid in a child during preschool childhood.
Movement is the basis of any childhood activity, and most of all the game.
The importance of developing equilibrium in preschool age is due to the fact that it is the basis for mastering the child with motor actions and inclusion in a variety of activities.
Equilibrium is the ability to maintain a steady position of your body.
This quality is necessary for a person to move in the room and on the street, not hurt objects, each other.
Equilibrium depends on the state of the vestibular apparatus, all organism systems, as well as from the location of the general center of gravity of the body. Preschoolers have a common center of gravity of the body is high, so it is difficult for them to maintain balance. Equilibrium is developing in exercises performed on a reduced and elevated support area, also in exercises that require considerable effort to maintain a stable body position.
The main means of education of sustainable equilibrium are exercise of increased complexity and containing novelty elements.
Exercise are specially selected and methodologically properly organized movements and complex types of motor activities, as well as mobile games.
The performance of physical exercises is associated with the active perception of the surrounding environment and orientation in it, with the development of sensations, perceptions, ideas, the formation of knowledge, with the manifestation of volitional efforts. All this has an impact on the comprehensive development and improvement of the abilities of the child.
In the preschool institution for the development of equilibrium in children use exercisesdynamic character . Exercises are targeted motor assignments with a specific result; go through (run, slip, complete) on the bench and jump (go away) at the end; go through a bench, stepping through the items; go through a bench with the subject in hand; with a bag on the head; go through the snow track in the trail; Get into the target in the snow, standing on a snow shaft (bench).
In addition to dynamic exercises, exercises are usedstatic character - it is racks on socks, on one leg, on one leg sock. Children master them in game assignments, the type "Who is longer thanks" (heron, stork, swallow, resistant tin soldier, etc.), as well as in general weary exercises: squatting on socks, alternate mahs with legs, squeezing with lifting on socks, etc. .(squatting on socks, stand on one leg, etc.)
To improve static and dynamic equilibrium, variousmethodical techniques.
a) for static equilibrium:
reduced support area;
elongation of the preservation time of the posture;
an increase in the height of the reference surface;
introduction of an unstable support;
exclusion of the visual analyzer, which places additional requirements for the engine analyzer;
introduction of related movements.
b) for dynamic equilibrium:
exercises for training vestibular apparatus (inventory: swing, lones, centrifuges and other simulators);
exercises with changing external conditions (relief, soil, track, coating, location, weather).
Exercises in equilibrium contribute to the development of coordination of movements, dexterity, upbringing courage, determination, confidence in their abilities. Initially, they are learned with preschoolers on the floor (walking on the cord, with the movement of hands or with the subject in the hands). Only after the exercises are learned in simple conditions, you can move to the execution of them on the shells (log, board, bench).
The smaller the support area, the greater the height of the subject (board, benches, logs) and the angle of its tilt, the harder it is to do exercises and maintain balance. Therefore, the width of the benefits with age decreases from 25 to 10 cm, and the height increases from 10 to 40 cm.
During the execution of exercises in equilibrium on an increased support (log, bench), an adult will prove the child (supports his hand, goes next to him).
First, they offer simple, sowing exercises for them in equilibrium, for example, walking along the reduced support area (between two parallel cords or on the board), overwork through objects and walking between them. Then they teach more complex exercises: walking on a log or blackboard, one edge of which is raised to a height of 15-20 cm.
In the middle group of exercises are complicated: walking on the cord with a bag on the head, on the palm of the elongated hand, with a doll in the hands; on the bench (putting the leg from the sock, hands to the sides); It is proposed to step over items; Hold the balance, standing on the socks, hands up, as well as standing on one leg, the second bent in the knee in front of him, to the side, hands on the belt, break at the meeting, without going on the floor; Walking with a turn around the circle and others.
When performing exercises in equilibrium, the position of the hands may be different: to the side, behind the head, behind the back, on the belt, etc. However, long-term fixed hands complicate the exercise and tire children. Therefore, it is recommended to change the position of the hands more often (forward, to the side, to the belt, etc.).
1. Stop on the board, which lies on the floor (ground), go through its end (hands on the belt, on the side or up).
2. While walking or running on an adult signal, take a certain position (sit down, become one leg, etc.).
3. Complete or run between two lines drawn on Earth, not advancing them (the distance between the lines of 20 cm).
4. It runs between the subjects (cubes, balls, bumps), without touching their hands.
5. Walking on the cord (length 8-10 m), laid directly, in a circle and zigzag.
6. Walking on the cord (length 8-10 m) laid on the floor (land), right and in a circle, making the heel of one leg to the other one.
7. Walking, crossing through a stick or rope raised from the floor to a height of 15-20 cm.
8. Stop on the log (bench), go through it, crossing through the cube, which is put in the middle and go down.
9. Stand up on the log (bench), go through its middle, turn around, get to the end and jump.
10. Stop on the log (bench), go through it to the end (hands on the belt, on the sides or up) and go down.
11. Stop on the board, one end of which is raised to a height of 30 cm (cube or bench), go through it to the end, turn around and gently run down.
12. Stand on a log (bench), go through it to the end and jump off.
But the best way to develop coordination from preschoolers will play game exercises. Here is some of them:
Catch mosquito.
The goal of the game: develop the coordination of movements, the speed of the reaction. Necessary materials and visual manuals: a length of approximately 1 m long, to which the mosquito mock-made on the cord is tied.
Games: Players are in a circle. The leading is located in the center, keeping a stick with a mosquito with a cord. He leads a mosquito over the heads of the players who are trying to catch him at this time. The one who grabbed mosquito; It becomes leading.
Kanteadets
The goal of the game: develop the coordination of movements, dexterity. Required materials and visual aids: chalk.
The challenge of the game chalk on the playground is drawn the rope path with a width that does not exceed the width of the foot. The task of everyone, the player: to pass the distance as quickly as possible and not stupid.
CATERPILLAR
Purpose of the game: develop coordination of movements.
Games players are divided into 2 teams. They line up in the column as follows: the right hand of each subsequent player lies on the right arm of the previous one, and with his left hand he supports the left foot standing ahead. At the signal of the leading column begins to move the distance. The team comes to the team that will be distance to the first.
Once again but at the same time
Inconsider children with the right foot to twist "from ourselves", and turn the right hand to "herself." Left hand clap myself on my head, at the same time right hand stroke your belly on the right left and left to right. In the same way, you can with your left hand to score a nail with a hammer, and right to iron something iron.
Listen, believe and check yourself
The presenter offers players to do the following exercise: put hands on his knees, on the team to slam in your hands, then with the right hand to take the nose, and left for the right ear. Then slapped and change hands again. And here's another exercise: on the team to give honor to the right hand, and left to show "in!", Then the team has changed hands.
Ability to maintain a stable body position in the space . equilibrium. There is a static and dynamic equilibrium. The fact of the named species of equilibrium allocate balancing objects and on items; Equilibrium in the standing position on the swinging support. Evilvenous depends on the state of the vestibular apparatus, the functional activity of the body as a whole, motor experience.
The greatest effect gives movements performed on a reduced and high support : Walking and running along a narrow track, on one leg, stop at the signal during a circling, landing in a jump in a precise place, crawling on a bench, skiing, cycling.
The kids are moving along a wide and low board or bench. But go to the usual step. The older on such a bench can run, ride, dance. And the usual step of the senior is offered to go through the bruse of an inverted bench (10 cm width).
Methods of manual exercises in equilibrium should take into account the preparedness of children and stimulate most of their independence.
IN junior group Exercises are predominantly gaming. For example, the educator says: "Let's go along the path to the doll to visit; Through the puddles, raise the legs above the legs; we will slide the dolls from the slides (the children rise to a slide with dolls in their hands and go down the skate)" and others.
IN medium group Exercises are complicated not only quantitatively (already the track, steeper slide), but methods of performing tasks are changed, as well as their volume: To perform one task, you can use different ways of action, alternating them. For example, before the middle of the benches, children go on socks, and then - by the usual step;
IN senior group Much attention is paid to the development of motor initiative and independence of children. In accordance with this task, a quantitative and high-quality complication of exercises in equilibrium occurs.
Equilibrium is improved not only by means of gymnastics, but also in sports exercises (bicycle, skiing, sled, sliding on ice tracks, etc.).
The movement of children on paths and benches should be flowing. Traveling on a large area (circling, etc.) is performed simultaneously.
In the Republic of Belarus, the following researchers were engaged in the problems of physical education of preschoolers:
Z.I. Ermakova "The first defended his thesis in Belarus - the problem:" Motor activity of children of preschool age ".
L.V. Karmannova - introduced daily physical classes in the pre-school education. Its 2-year-old experiment showed that motor skills and skills in the children with whom she did is significantly higher than those with which they were engaged in physical training 2 times a week.
V.A. Shishkin - revealed questions of the motor activity of children, organization and formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle. This author created a number of methodological manuals: "For health in kindergarten", "ABC movements", etc.
LD Glazarin - Author of the publication "Physical education in the" Kids "group. The manual presents a system of classes in physical culture with children of early age, the principles of work in this age group are described, detailed abstracts of classes are given. Another one of her works: "Physical education and child development." The manual contains materials on the history of physical culture, characterizing the emergence and development of physical education at different stages of the formation of human society. Its editions: "Physical culture in grade 1," "Musculoskelling in the group" Accidents ", etc.
V.A. Ovsyankin and VN Shebeko - "Fizkult-Ura!": The author's program on the physical education of children and guidelines for the organization of additional educational services in a preschool institution. The program includes the characteristics of the physical and personal development of children at each age stage, the tasks of physical education, exemplary wellness regime, the content of physical cultural knowledge, motor and hygienic skills and skills, hardening, which are given to the psycho-physiological characteristics of preschool children. The presented methodological recommendations are aimed at developing in children of motor abilities, creativity.
That Loginova- engaged in research related to the development of the motor system of children. It was believed that it was at a childhood that important basic motor skills and skills are formed, the foundation of the motor activity is generated, from the elements of which, in subsequently, develops a motor activity of an adult.
MP Highcaken - In its study, it shows that the increase in the motor activity of children is achieved by the integrated use of various means of physical education: a seal in movements, an increase in the efficiency of physical education, games in the first and second half of the day, musical classes, gymnastics, individual work on the development of movements as indoors . It emphasizes that with the intensive execution of children during the day of various movements, their motor skills become more resistant, conscious and manageable.
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