Currently, the housing issue is worth more than ever sharply, especially for young families. Buy apartment or new houseIt is often not possible, insufficient financial resources, and not everyone will decide to take a mortgage loan.
But I solve the question, you can build your home - not a brick or chopped from a wood array, but, for example, frame house. This is due to the fact that the financial expenses for the construction of a chopped or brick house will be approximately 530-870 $ / m2.
"Skeleton" frame house
And the cost of the frame house (panel or frame-frame) will be from 350 to 625 $ / m2, under construction from 2 to 5 months. And if you build a frame-frame house, you will not need to hire builders brigade to build your home, since such a house you will be quite able to build yourself, if you have a builder skills.
If we distribute the cost of building a skeleton house, then in percentage terms we get the following numbers:
Note: the above figures may vary in a large or smaller side, depending on the cost of the construction materials used.
In this article, I would like to consider the main questions about frame construction and give comprehensive answers on them. Let us dwell on the consideration of the two main types of individual frame houses:
Constructive frames of a frame house
The frame house is a quick-scale lightweight design, the basis of the design of such a house is a frame - wooden or metal profile.
The frame consists of lower and upper strapping, vertical racks of the walls of the house, the outer and inner skin of the house walls, between which thermal insulation, vapor insulating and waterproofing materials are stacked. Outside and on the inside, the house is facing with finishing materials.
The principle of the device of the shield and frame-frame house is almost the same - in both options there is a framework. But the construction of such houses has a number of differences, which have a direct impact on the choice of one or another construction of a frame house.
Factory shields for panel-shield frame house
The construction of a frame-shield house is carried out from ready-made shields of factory manufacture on a pre-made foundation (for panel houses, the foundation of the ribbon type is mostly used).
The construction of a shield house is impossible without the use of special equipment:
Machines for transporting shields for panel-shield frame house
The shields of the frame house are mounted using a lifting crane
For installation and bonding shields, at least 5-6 people are necessary. Payment of hired workers is carried out by agreement. All listed rates depend on the place of residence of the developer.
But before installing the boards of the house, it is necessary to make a base in advance.
The first version of the base device under the shield of the house walls (main)
The base consists of separate wooden farms that have lower and upper strapping. The top strapping of the farms of the base under the boards of the house is lags by which the floor is performed.
Based on shields for panel-rocket house
Second version of the base device under the shield of the walls of the house
Also replacement of the facade of the house, replacing windows and door blocks (if they were originally wooden), replacement roofing materialIf the roof was covered with asbetic slate, the roofing material will preferably replace the roofing material for the operational period of the frame house after 30, a maximum of 40 years (slate service life of about 30 years old, painted - 40 years).
If the house stood over 100 years, then, most likely overhaul Do not need - this is an excessive waste of cash and time to repair this house. In this case optimal option There will be a demolition of the house and the construction of a new one in the same place. In this case, you will even save money - the device has no new foundation, the old foundation can be repaired.
The frame of the house itself is practically not subject to the influence of atmospheric phenomena (rain, snow, UFL) is reliably hidden behind the inner and outer trim. The only thing that can cause harness is rodents and bugs, which, during operation, can thoroughly spoil the wooden part of the frame design.
To protect the frame from this phenomenon, it is necessary to treat wood with special preparations in front of the framework of the frame, and it is also necessary to visually control the quality of the wood for the holes left by the bugs. Such wood is best not to take for the framework of the frame, as you can just one rack of the frame, which has a bug larva, to form a whole colony of bugs and then the frame of the house is fairly injured. This requires preventive work, as the treatment will be expensive and time consuming.
4. The walls of the frame house have high thermal conductivity.
Also with this item can only agree in part. Yes, during the development of frame house-building, there were no still high-tech insulation, which have low thermal conductivity. Also in soviet times Such houses were removed from the plan of the USSR State Building Just because of the high thermal conductivity of the walls.
But at present, the statement that the frame house is cold house, I lost its relevance. Now the building materials market is replete with high-tech hydraulic insulating materials, as well as with low thermal conductivity. Thanks to such insulation, the frame house is not inferior on the warmth of the chopped home, and the brick or panel house And at all surpasses in the heat saving in the house.
5. Sound insulation of a frame house.
Existing sound insulation materials for a skeleton house
It is believed that the skeleton house has bad sound insulation. Well, there is no unequivocal answer - this opinion is impossible to definitely disprove, but also it is impossible to agree with him for a hundred percent.
Let's take a look at what kind of noise exist:
Shock and air Noise have a difference in how they arise:
But with the difference of origin, the air and shock noise combines that these noises affect the specific place in the house - wall, overlap, windows, doors.
Structural Noise, in contrast to air and shock noise, is considered not on the principle of its occurrence, but by its distribution according to the design of the house. There is such a saying: "Already the walls are trembling ..." - this is just relevant to the structural noise. Structural noise can be triggered both by air and shock noise. It would seem that this kind of noise is not related to a private house. But this is an erroneous opinion. Consider an example.
Your home is built near the railway or a nodal station. So from passing trains, sorting cars at the station, when they are connected to each other with a roar - this is how the air noise and drums are generated, which is transmitted to the structure of the house through the vibration of the soil. Such noise passes throughout the structure of the house and even if the house is well isolated from air noise, as well as from the drum, then structural noise bypass these obstacles.
And so we see from examples that all three types of noise are inherent not only apartment houses, but also private dwellings. Of course, the frame house perfectly counteracts air noise - due to the fact that the shield's space is filled with a soft insulation, and there is a airspace between the finishing material of the facade of the house and the main wall of the house, which is more and quenched by air noise.
But, alas, the degree of protection of the skeleton house from the impact noise is inferior to a brick house and breed house. Hollow walls filled with soft insulation and sheathed with boards or OSB, poorly absorb the shock sound, which extends to the frame and disrupts silence in the house. Of course, such noises are not so often arising, but still they fall on the scale of the scales not in favor of a frame house.
If you build a house not on a quiet street, but in the area where all types of noise in one way or another with different intensity will affect your home, then you should take care of your home using modern soundproofing materials and technologies of the noise barriers of your home .
But still there are 100% of the shortcomings and in this technology of housekeeping is the cavity of the walls, where rodents are harnessed in the insulation of the walls of the frame house, as well as the fire hazard of the wooden structure of the house.
It is also desirable not to carry out the laying of the water supply in the cavity of the walls of the frame of metal pipes, since in the fence of water, the pipes are formed on the pipes, which will have a negative effect on the humidity of the air in the simpleness - but there is an output, it is necessary to perform a double waterproofing of the water pipes.
If weighing everything and against the skeleton house, the conclusion is obvious - a frame house building has every chance of promising development and thanks to improving technology in the field of building materials, such houses in the foreseeable future can fasten chopped and brick houses, confidently occupying leading positions in the construction of individual housing .
In continuation of the topic, constructive questions are considered in the article.
Attention: prices are relevant for 2009.
Today, the projects of frame-shield construction are very popular with Russians. And there is nothing surprising: the technology of the construction of such buildings can be said, brought to perfection. Yes, and the assembly of panels is carried out easily even personally, without the involvement of specialists and pay for their costly services.
The main advantage of shield houses is their cheapness and high construction speed
Standard Standard Wall Shield House
The frame house does not imply shrinkage after commissioning.
There is, of course, have such buildings and its shortcomings:
All panel residential buildings can be divided into 3 large groups:
House-platforms are the panel residential buildings of the first generation, they were actively built during the time of the USSR. At first, the foundation was flooded (for example, if it was planned to build 25 houses in the village - it was so many foundations that were immediately poured), and then at home began to be erected.
General view of all components of the shield house designs In fact, this is the same conveyor construction, just the shield equipment has become much more convenient and technological. With household complexes, everything is clear: right from the factory on the site the set consisting of essential materialsAnd the site owner only remains to connect all parts of the house, pre-equipped the foundation.
True, with your own hands to collect a panel house is not as easy as it may seem at first glance. The most important problem in this case is the presence of truly large parts (for example, part carrier wall). Therefore, the assembly of such panels, its technology itself, may require the use of tower cranes.
But in general, there will be significant funds to save on construction. And this is the main point. For example, the cost of a turnkey shield house will be 3-5 times less than a brick house of similar area. As for conveyor houses, their main difference is that projects for their construction involve the use of sandwich panels.
Currently, there are even special 3D printers that "print" such panels. The construction time of such a building in the presence of a team of workers and special equipment - 1, a maximum of 2-3 days. But it is excluding internal and external finishing works, of course.
Standard set of shield house supplied from plants The cost of the frame-shield house is at least 3 times less similar in the area of \u200b\u200bbrick.
The design of the finished panel sip-panels suggests that they will simultaneously be the walls of the house, and insulation, so, there is no need to take care of additional insulation. The foundation for such a house will suit the most common: even an elementary columnar, as in ordinary village houses.
The sip-panel itself is trimmed on both sides of OSB-plates that have several layers in stock:
The surface of the foundation should be covered with a layer of waterproofing film. It is possible to immediately flatten the lags of the future floor, for which experts recommend using normal bar either 40x50 mm or 40x60 mm.
Paul house design The step between the lags should be exactly 50 cm. On the lags and the flooring is carried out.
All work starts precisely from the corner of the future structure. The first element of the entire design is installed vertically (the lower bar is in the lower sample). During installation, the panel must be additionally maintained by a three-meter board.
Why the three-meter is difficult to say, but this is how experts recommend. The first panels join the subsequent, bonding them between themselves with metal galvanized corners. The bar of the previous one is inserted into each subsequent panel, something like this technology resembles the children's designer "Lego".
Frame packer For complete sealing of the joints in front of the direct connection of different parts of the design, all samples must be filled with mounting foam. During the work, it is necessary to check the evenness of the vertical panels by the construction level.
After mounting all the walls, the top strapping is made using a bar and the installation of the roof begins. For rafters, an ordinary bar is used, which has a size of 100x200 mm and 120x50 mm.
Scheme of the roof of a panel residential building As roofing Usually used metal tile. Slate will cost too expensive, and the real clay tile will simply create a colossal load on the overlap and so very light structure, which is undesirable.
The optimal version of the roofing coating for a frame house is a metal tile.
Despite the fact that many construction companies Propose typical projects of buildings, all the same, these projects can differ significantly from each other, depending on which the equipment is laid in these projects.
For example, the cost of the construction of one square meter of the dwelling of a one-storey house with a attic area of \u200b\u200bup to 100 square meters, in the suburbs will be approximately 7,000 rubles, the house large Square It will cost 500-700 rubles cheaper from the calculation of the value of one square meter.
Houses with availability mansard floor It will cost somewhat cheaper, depending on its area, their price will fluctuate in the range from 5500 to 6,000 rubles per square meter.
Approximate cost of the cost of shield houses What will be approximately included in the package of such a house:
Additional package may include the following:
In general, it is possible to build a good and large panel turnkey house for the price from 350,000 to 10,000,000 rubles. These are very small money. True, it must be borne in mind that in the same suburbs or in the Leningrad region near St. Petersburg, the cost of the land plot can be ten times to exceed the cost of building the house itself.
But here nothing can be done: these are market laws. However, usually shield houses are erected in remote regions, where they are used as cottages.
You can watch the video, where it is described about how to build a frame-shield house through the Scandinavian technology.
The traditional skeleton panel house consists of a wooden or metal base, as well as flat trim in the form of large-sized shields.
In addition to the reliability and stability of such structures, one of the advantages of the shield house can be considered the simplicity of the construction: it is enough to familiarize yourself with the step-by-step instructions for frame houses with your own hands to deal with the main stages construction work.
For this reason, we decided to tell you how it is possible to build a house on the basis of shields quickly and efficiently.
In this article, you will see a photo of a frame-shield house - and make sure that the appearance of such buildings can be the most different, and the video about the assembly of the frame-shield house will help you to master the most necessary information.
Frame panel house, photo
Here's what you need to know if you plan to build a panel house with your own hands: a frame house must be drawn in the form of a layout - and in advance to take into account all the subtleties of its shape, sizes and planning. In this you can help with common framework schemes of a frame house, and if you wish, you can entrust the design of the architects that will return to the reality of your ideas and wishes.
Tip: Provide to the creation of the construction scheme of the frame house of all family members, so that everyone in it is cozy.Since the number of consumable material for the shield house will depend on the design features, calculate its area and decide on the floor. Also it is important to remember the need to allocate space under the communications system. (electricity, gas, water, etc.), and for heating it may be necessary to allocate a whole room.
Before you begin to build a panel house with your own hands, you should decide with the terrain. On the ease and duration of construction work, as well as the reliability of the established structure will affect the nature of the soil, the presence of groundwater, the smoothness of the surface and even climate.
Tip: If it is necessary to start construction work, you can fix the mines of the relief, building the terrace, an open platform or even the ground floor.When we build a house do it yourself, show phased construction Frame home with your own hands on video can help avoid major errors. But some solutions still have to take on their own: for example, choose materials for the construction of a skeleton house.
Frame base can perform metal pipes with a rectangular cross section or wooden bars. And as a material for a framework of a frame, you can choose an OSP or lining, high-quality fane, professional flooring, siding and other materials.
How to build a frame-shield house with your own hands? To do this, you will need a saw, electrolovka, metal square, building ticks, level, medium and large hammer, medium and large ax, screwdriver, nail-holder, roulette, hacksaw, fittings and minor construction parts (nails, screws, corners, etc. ), as well as a concrete mixer.
As the main materials for the construction of their own hand-drawing houses, it will take referenced, cement, insulating finish, roofing, boards, brick, broken slate, M500 grade cement, gravel and sand with small granules, stones, and facing coatings.
In what the difference between the frame and frame-shield house? It turns out that the difference between the two specified types of houses is simple: a frame house is built from individual boards on the selected area, and the frame-shield is manufactured at the factory parts (shields), and only then at the site of construction from such shields is collected in a solid design.
If you look at the lessons of video construction of frame houses with your own hands, you will see that work begins with the creation of primary structures.
In particular, the upper and lower base for the framework is cut, which is subsequently attached to screws, nails or durable brackets. Between the two bases at a distance of about 65-80 cm. Set backups.
Remember! The tree should be durable and wear-resistant, since it is precisely for this part of the wall a major load of its weight.
To protect the team's panel house with your own winds, use additional finishing materials for the frame. It can be special chip plate, moisture-proof plywood and other wood-based materials.
Step-by-step instructions for the construction of a frame-shield house with their own hands includes such steps:
Phased construction of a frame house with their own hands, photo
Let's discuss the construction details of the frame-shield house. Since the shields used in such works have a small weight, it is not necessary to construct a deep foundation at all. You can stop on the foundation of a ribbon type or a holistic plate. But these work should be started with the preparation of a two-meter trench (depending on the climate features, its depth may vary).
Next, make a formwork from edged boards: it should be above the trench about 0.4 m. To do this, you will need durable 3-6 meter boards (1 or 3 grades) with a thickness of 25 mm, bars with a cross section of 5 per 5 cm, as well as 80mm nails.
Next stage - laying the broken slate, creating a brick and stones design. In this case, the thickness of the formed layer should be up to a third of the depth of the trench. The details of this stage can also be recognized on the video of the frame-shield house. From above, the layer falls asleep by sand for another 20 cm, and to fill the niches - water water. This procedure is better to repeat about five times.
After the coupling and drying the foundation, you can start creating sander with your own hands.
The construction of walls begins with an insulating frontal substrate. By the way, on many videos how to build a frame house with their own hands, it is inexpensive that this material is used due to low cost.
Place the rubberoid between the surfaces of the foundation, and then you can start the construction of the walls:
After the completion of the described works, you can proceed to the outer skin without prior to smooth the windows and doors. We advise you to watch the video, how to build a frame-board house to deal with the nuances of the stages described.
A little to know how the frame house is built: if you plan to spend here and cold seasons, you need to think about the insulation of the walls.
For thermal insulation of the frame-shield house, you will need something from the following materials:
The first two material is considered the most reliable when carrying out insulation. Keramzit and slag allows you to keep heat in the room only in the case of a decrease in temperatures not lower than 20 degrees.
We will analyze the step-by-step instructions of the insulation of the frame house with their own hands. First you need to create a waterproofing layer on the wall: use the film, and even better - parchment.
For convenience, cut the material on the strips - and fix with the help of the rail, overlapping each other to prevent the occurrences.
Below on the video buildings of the frame house you will see examples of working with different materials, we will tell you how to insulate panel walls of mineral wool. With the help of bars with a cross section of 150 mm, we attach cotton to the surface of the walls.
At the joints of the slabs it is desirable to fill wider bars: they will be better to stay and do not allow cold to enter the room.After completion of this procedure, you can finish. For interior decoration The walls are fashionable to use wood, drywall, as well as create a decor with paint and other materials.
When the inside of the wall is firmware, please note that the materials should not go beyond the thresholds run, otherwise the board will go under the wall during the installation process. By the way, for the floor in the houses of this type it is best to use wood-based flooring or parquet.
You already know how framework houses are built, but it is important to remember about the external facing. For example, you can choose siding from vinyl (it will not heated from the sun) or metal with anti-corrosion processing. Also, a block house or wooden panels are suitable for finishing, stylized under the bars.
The photo below is an example of a house of shield panels, or shields:
Carrying out construction, you can use lining or decorative plaster. Almost any facing material will look successfully, but for this it is necessary to be neat during the finishing of surfaces.
Council. To secure the selected material, without spoiling the appearance of the walls, start with the angular zone and follow the circle.After completion of these works, you can start laying the floor, as well as the installation of windows and doors. Specialists will tell about these and other stages on video installation of a frame house with their own hands.
Roofing work is one of the important procedures of technology, when we build a house with our own hands: the frame house does not require the construction of the roofs of the unconventional type. It is enough to build a framework, to provide hydro, vapor and thermal insulation, carry out work on the crate and counter-crate and think about the finish and decor.
If you decide to build a roof of a house of metal tile, there is no need for a crate, as the material itself is characterized by high strength and wear resistance. After framework construction with their own hands, the material is fixed with screw screws. The edge of the facing sheet must be below the eaves for 4 cm. At the same time, the slot is formed, which will carry the ventilation function.
We advise you to tell consultants that you are going to build a frame house with your own hands - and learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each roofing material. Today, fortunately, there is enough coatings that will make the roof also beautiful and will reliably perform their functions all year round.
That's all you need to create cozy home For the whole family.
If you plan to build, a description of the stages of construction technology and video advice will help to cope with their own, without expensive masters.
We need to think about preparing for the winter cold in advance at the construction stage. Find out how to insulate the walls of a wooden house inside which choose materials for thermal insulation.
Finally, we suggest you to see a few videos about the frame house with your own hands with a step-by-step instruction of its construction.
Fast-based houses are attractive in that when finished foundation, put the house itself very quickly. For example, the construction of a frame house with their own hands, forces of two people, is possible for a month without a rush. And this is - if inexperienced employees are involved in construction, which only know how to keep the hammer in their hands. All because the assembly occurs step by step: regular repetition of simple action. It is just important to know how to collect each node properly. Having instructions, understanding the construction principle, the frame house can independently assemble any.
No less attractive frame construction the fact that you can do with minimal costs. How much it will be necessary to make money on a construction site depends on the size of the house, from the materials used (the type and variety of wood, finishing materials). But in any case it is one of the cheapest techniques. (
Wooden frame houses are not the only one. There are regions in which wood is luxury. There are despite the fact that the metal today is not cheap, it turns out relatively inexpensive.
Another moment. Many are interested, whether it is possible to leave an unfinished frame house, and if possible, at what stages. The answer is - it is possible, and the first stage is known to all: leave to winter the finished foundation. Even possible wintering options in the following form:
With windows and doors to leave for wintering unattended dangerous. In the other options, the completion of construction completion is even good: wood will dry. In winter, as a rule, low humidity and drying is actively. At the same time, reveal all the shoals in the already mounted part.
After filling, the piles are installed (woodworking), fittings fit and fit. Longitudinal rods are connected with curved fittings from piles. At this stage, the tape leave holes for the supply of communications and (insert the segments plastic pipes across the tape).
Ribbon will subsequently be attached to the foundation. For its mounting in the tape pinned studs. They are installed in 1-2 meters increments. From each angle in both directions, 30 cm are receded by 30 cm. Here the studs are required, the rest depending on the size of the house, but not less than 2 meters. Note that it is the hairpins that bind a frame of a house with a foundation. Therefore, it is better to put more often. And yet: whatever short wall, the studs should be at least two.
When everything is ready, concrete is poured.
After the fill of the concrete, so that he does not cool, but gained the fortress, it is better to hide it with polyethylene (see pictures). If the temperature after the fill of the foundation holds within + 20 ° C, in about 3-5 days, construction can be continued. During this time, under such conditions, concrete will give more than 50% of its strength. With it you can work freely. With a decrease in temperature, the term increases significantly. So at + 17 ° C, it is necessary to wait for about 10 days.
So that the wood frame does not pull moisture from concrete, the cut-off waterproofing of the foundation is necessary. It is more reliable to make bitumen mastic. And better - in two layers. You can also use rolled waterproofing. Cheaper runneroid, but it breaks off over time. More reliable hydroizelet or other similar modern material.
It is possible to wipe aside as a mastic, and to roll the waterproof from above. Another option for shut-off waterproofing under the frame house is two layers of waterproof, wrapped by mastic: the closer the groundwater is, the more thorough waterproofing should be.
The first layer is liquid waterproofing until it dried, you can glue a layer of roll
Then they are stacked - the boards of 150 * 50 mm. They should be dry, impregnated bioprotective and antipyrene compositions. The edge of the Lenzny is aligned with the outer edge of the foundation. In the necessary places under the studs, the holes are drilled (the diameter of the opening by 2-3 mm larger the diameter of the stud). Then the second board is stacked. It is put so as to overlap the first row butt. It turns out the castle.
The second board is stacked so that the joints overlap
In general, you can put one bar 100-150 cm, but the price is much higher than two boards, which in the amount give the same thickness, and properly bonded two boards have a greater carrying capacity, the truth on their laying is more time. So that they work as a single bar, they are knocked down with nails in a step of 20 cm in a checkerboard order.
The next stage is the installation and installation of the lag. These are the same boards 150 * 50 mm, delivered on the edge. They are attached to two oblique nails (9 cm) in the end to the strapping board, two nails on the right and left to the bed. So every lag on both sides.
The photo shows that the first lag is installed close to the second - the load on the foundation is so better. It is installed on the second edge of Lenzny. Installation step - 40-60 cm. Depends on the length of the span and section of the saw used: the larger the length, the less step.
If lags are long, and there is a transverse beam, as in the photo above, so that the lags do not "go" over the transverse beam jumper. They are equal in length to the step of the installation of the lag minus the double thickness of the board: if the step is 55 cm, the thickness of the board is 5 cm, then the jumper will be 45 cm long.
After the base under flooring is mounted, time is coming for floor insulation. It can be done in different ways with different materials. We show the economy - with polystyrene plates with a density of 15 kg / m3 (can be more, less - no). It is, of course, non-environmental, but the only one is not afraid of moisture and can be mounted without a draft floor. The calculated thickness of the insulation - 150 mm, two layers are stacked: one 10 cm, the second 5 cm. The seams of the second layer should not coincide with the seams of the first (shifted).
To begin with, the cranial bar of 50 * 50 mm is stuffed along the lower edge of the lag. He will hold foam.
Polyfoam is cut by ordinary hacksaw. The canvas can be taken on the tree - it cuts faster, but it turns out a torn edge or for metal - it goes slower, but the edge is even more. The sliced \u200b\u200bplates are stacked in two layers, the seams overlap. Then the sealant is sampled around the perimeter - to ensure waterproofing.
Next, it is to wall from the boards, to align it and on top of the Phaneru (better FSF 5-6 mm). In order for the draft flooring from the board did not overflow, lay the boards mondings the direction of the wave. If you look at the transverse cut of the board, the annual rings go a semicircle. So, you need the arc that look up, then down (see photo).
You can do without flooring from the board. Then the plywood thickness should be at least 15 mm. Consider more profitable in your area and choose.
In any case, the sheets should be laid in disintegration - seams should not coincide (as in brickwork). Still should not forget between the sheets of plywood to leave a gap of 3-5 mm to compensate for the change in the size when moisture change.
Plywood is attached to a screw of 35 mm long (better white - less marriage) around the perimeter with a step of 12 cm, inside in a checkerboard in 40 cm increments.
There are two ways: the frame frame is collected (all or part - depends on the size) on the floor, then rises, is set and fixed. Sometimes with this method directly on the floor fasten OSB, GVL, Phaneur from the outside of the frame: rigidity is obtained more. This technology is called a frame-panel or "platform". For this principle, the plants are mainly working: they build ready-made shields on the project in the workshop, bring to the site and there are only mounted. But the carcass-panel house-building is possible and with their own hands.
The second way: I am going to all gradually, at the place. The bottom strapping bar is nailed, angular racks are exhibited, then intermediate, upper strapping, etc. This is the technology called "frame house-building" or "Balloon".
Which one is more convenient? It depends on how many people work and is it possible, at least periodically, attract assistants. On the floor work faster and more convenient than jumping the inclusive number of times up / down on the lap. But if the section is assembled large, it will even be hard to raise it. Exit - or call assistants, or break the wall frame into small segments.
Corner racks must be 150 * 150 mm or 100 * 100 mm depending on the load and the desired width of the insulation. For a single-storey skeleton house, it is enough 100 mm, for a two-story - at least 150 mm. Intermediate racks in depth are the same as angular, and their thickness is at least 50 mm.
The setting step is selected taking into account the load, but it is really often selected based on the width of the insulation. If you warm the mineral wool in rolls or mats, first find out the real width of the material. The lumen between the racks should be 2-3 cm less than the width of the insulation. Then the waste will almost not, the gaps and gaps, through which will leave will be warm - too. The density of the insulation installation in the skewers is the main point, because only it will serve as protection from the cold. The slightest violation will lead to the fact that the house will be cold. Because it is necessary to take full attention to the selection of insulation and its installation.
Fastening racks is possible in several ways: wooden brass, with wrinkle or corner. Word into the board of the lower strapping should be no more than 50% of its depth. Corners are mounted on both sides. The fastening of the anticipation is the old technology, but the complex in version: it is grown up long brazening, the niggles through the rack and the bottom strapping bar are drilled, the wooden spike is driven into it, the excess of which is trimmed. It works well if the wood is used dry. If not, the drying and loss of fastening rigidity is possible. Installation on reinforced corners is much easier.
By canadian technology The beams that are attached windows and doors make double. Loads here more, therefore, the support should be more powerful.
Strengthened racks near the windows and doors - the need. Just so the frame house built with your own hands will be reliable
If the outer covering is planned from the slant material of the vocabulary - OSP, GVL, GVK, plywood - covers put temporary and inside the room. They are needed for leveling and maintaining geometry until the outer skin is attached. The strength of this material is enough to create the desired stiffness of the structure.
If the trim is planned to be set - out of the lining, etc. Installation of permanent shrewing is required. Moreover the best way - Not those that put on several racks, and four small pieces each: two above and two below (as in the photo below).
Please note that the photo above the racks are prefabricated: two boards are shot down together with nails all over in a checker order. Such racks have even greater carrying ability than solid, are less. This is a real way to reduce construction costs without loss of quality. But the time of construction increases: nails have to score a lot.
Most questions arise in the construction of the corners. If you put a bar in the corner, then no difficulties seems to be no, except that the angle is cold. In regions with a short and soft winter, this is not a problem, but in the middle of Russia requires some solution.
There are several ways to make the corner of the frame house warm. All of them are shown in the schemes, so clearer.
After assembling the carcass, it is most often outside of it, plywood, plywood or other similar material.
Overlapping beams are based on the upper strapping bar. There are several ways to mount:
Wide - the depth of the cut should not exceed 50% of the thickness of the left strapping bar. Top is clogged with two nails, which should enter the strapping at least 10 cm. Corners - the usual method. You can use reinforced, but not necessarily perforated brackets - the form may be different
The size of the beams, the step of their installation depends on what will be top. If the second residential floor is or, the cross section is becoming more, the step is less: that the floor does not be fed. If only the roof and the attic is supposed to be non-residential - it is completely different calculations and sizes.
If the second floor is completed, the overlap is cured with a black floor of the second floor. So work on creating the second floor of a frame house will be easier. His assembly is no different from the construction of the first. Unless the fact that all lumber have to drain on the second floor.
When developing a house project frame technology The most popular are or. Their device is no different. All the same principles and calculations. The only limitation relates to the weight of roofing: it should be lightweight material, the load from which can withstand wooden beams And overlapping.
To fix rafters in a given position before you have bent the crate, temporary ships were used
Another relatively inexpensive technology
Warming the frame house can be any of the materials available in the market with the corresponding characteristics. All of them are imperfect, but all problems have standard solutions.
The most popular insulation for frameless walls is an basalt Wat.. It is produced in the form of rolls or mats of different density. It is more convenient to install mats into the walls: they are more dense and well they themselves due to the cutting force. For this, as they said above, their dimensions must be 2-3 cm more than the distance between the frame racks. Mats, of course, are additionally fixed with special fasteners, but it is more convenient to work than with a soft roll.
Mineral wool has high heat insulation characteristics, good sound insulation. But there is a solid drawback: it is afraid of wetting and it is necessary to protect it from all sides not only from moisture (rain), but also from the penetration of steam. Therefore, on the side of the room, it closes a layer of vaporizolation membrane, which does not allow pairs to penetrate inside.
From the side of the street, thermal insulation from mineral wool is closed by another membrane, but another type with other characteristics: hydroplated vapor-permeable membrane. She is not blocked, from the side of the street does not let moisture in a liquid and gaseous state, and from the insulation, the pair can come out: the vapor permeability is one-sided. After installing the insulation, only finishing works remain. Actually, everything, the construction is over.
Now you know how to build a frame house. The details of some processes are far from complete, but you have a common sequence of assembly. Perhaps you will be helped by another video from a professional carpenter, which decades are engaged in the construction of frame houses (see below).
These are three videos of an excellent carpenter Larry Hon. Each of them duration for more than an hour. The technology of the construction of a frame house on the finished foundation is painted very detailed.
According to this instruction, the independent erection is possible without any questions: commented and explain all the stages of construction of a frame house and trivia, up to which nails, how long, how many pieces with what step, score in each node. Basic problems that may arise and their correction methods may also occur. If you decide to build a frame house with your own hands, do not regret the time - look at the movie. Much will become clearer.
The first part is the lower strapping and the floor.
The second part of the video is the device and assembly of frame walls.
The third part is to build a roof of a frame house.
If you still doubt whether it is worth building a frame house, it is probably because they heard that it is a bad technology that it does not work. There is such an opinion. But it is based on the fact that in Canadian and American frame houses put out of dry forest, humidity. no more than 20-22%. In our conditions, the sawmill is brought with wood of almost natural humidity, and this is up to 60%. Therefore, at home leads and turns, they become cold.
But if the house you have gathered to build with your own hands, what will prevent you from using dry wood? Chamber drying is expensive, the difference per cube is very decent - almost twice. But folding the wood on the plot into the ventilated stacks for the year you can dry up to the same 20-22%. Soak or not before drying bioprotection you decide. Dry wood does not rot and is not damaged by fungi, but it is desirable to impregnate it with bioprotection from insects.
An example of this opinion in the video. With an explanation, why the technology is bad ...
Krkasno shield houses are folded from flat wooden components of factory manufacture. The finished structure is insulated and strengthen the outer decoration. Canadian houses are served long (30 years and more), they are inexpensive, they will be raised quickly, so in our country villages you can observe whole quarters of such buildings. I helped build a country house to a friend, together we built a small pretty 6 meters in size 6 by 6 meters over the summer. True, to lay the sewage and water pipeline, they decided to invite specialists, because they were not confident in their abilities. The remaining stages of construction we mastered themselves. So, about everything in order ...
Every business begins with the preparation of the plan, in construction - design. You can contact the architect, take advantage typical project Or buy a ready-made "constructor". We chose the third option - a house with a small veranda at a price of 320,000 thousand rubles.
With the choice of space for the shield house, there are no problems - it is necessary to choose a smooth section, and it is possible to install a lightweight design even on or low or weak additive soil.
When buying a finished set, you get rid of the need to calculate the need for materials. If you decide to design yourself, calculate the number of roofing material, wooden plates for walls and overlap. Materials for the foundation you will need in any case.
To work need tools:
Wooden designs are sufficiently light, so in a deep foundation under the frame house there is no need. If you plan to make a reason with your own hands, then you will have:
List and order roofing work Determined by the selected material and roof configuration. For metal tile, the lamp is not needed, since the material is solid. Sheets fasten self-drawing screws at the base, 40 mm below the cornice, so that the ventilation gap remains.
Shield house can be separated metallic or vinyl siding or block house. The house with walls from block house looks like a log cabin and is not afraid of cold and winds. Mounting this coating is easy, as connective locks are provided. Installed blocks are covered with flame retardant.
You can apply for decoration decorative plaster - durable material that allows you to achieve a variety of effects, for example, imitation of unwanted stone. The same result can be achieved by separating the walls with artificial stone.
The most economical and simple option is cladding, but this finish is short-lived and the moisture is afraid.
The ram from the larch is environmentally friendly, it is relatively cheap and its color can be changed. When installing such a cladding, refer to the gap for ventilation and mounted the crate from the mounting mesh to protect against rodents and insects. For finish finish We applied Tikkuril primer and paint to emphasize the structure of the wood.
After the end of the exterior work, you can go to internal work, laying the first floor, installation of doors and windows.
The walls of the shield house must be insulated, otherwise in our climate heating of the room very quickly "eating" all money saved on construction. Often I ask the question: "What insulation for the walls of the frame home is better?" I answer: you can warm up a boiler slag or clay (for a mild climate), but I recommend foam or mineral wool.
Internal trim can be selected, guided by financial capabilities and aesthetic preferences. Options even more than for exterior decoration: Plasterboard, wood, paint, lining, painting, horizontal tank board, etc.
In order for the board when laying the floor, the board did not go under the wall, the inner covering should be in a flush with the fields. When repairing the trim, it will be possible to replace without unnecessary problems. Paul for a shield house can be made free or posting parquet.
If you do not have experience or special Education, It will be difficult to pave the engineering communications correctly. Take advantage of the services of specialists so that mistakes in the work did not lead to emergency situations with, and. Those who are not afraid of difficulties, I recommend to study the subject on special literature and rollers on the Internet.
To connect to the power system, you will have to contact local organs per technical ConditionsThe same procedure accompanies the introduction of the system, sewerage and water supply. Any emboss identified at this stage will lead to alterations and additional costs.
The price depends on the size of the house, such as the foundation, finishing materials. When building a shield house 6 × 6 m most of Tools needed for laying the foundation, summing up communications, finishing works and insulation.
Set wooden structures For the home of the basic configuration costs 320,000-360,000 rubles. Total costs amounted to 750,000 rubles, this included the cost of the foundation, the roof from metal tile, windows and doors, internal pipeline, finishing works, plumbing, heating, insulation of walls.
If we ordered a turnkey panel house at the lowest tariff, only for the foundation we would have to pay more than 300 thousand, and together with the work, the construction of cabins for builders, the payment of electricity, etc. The cost of the house would be about 1,100,000-1 200,000 rubles.
The difference in the cost between buying a ready-made frame-shield house and independent construction, 30%
