House, design, repair, decor. Yard and garden. Do it yourself

If the tenants in their dwelling begin to feel some extraneous smells, then cleaning ventilation in apartment house. In this article, we suggest discussing how they work ventilation systemsLocated in multi-storey buildings, as well as their verification by special services. Besides, individuals Learn what way they can independently clean the ventilation channels.

A special device is named ventilation, which is created to ventilate various premises. In each apartment located in multi-storey houseinstalled its own ventilation system. If an individual has sharply feel different smells, presumably coming from neighboring apartments or an entrance, then this means that the ventilation channel has failed in its work and immediately requires cleaning.

Requirements for the operation of the ventilation system

The State Standard number 30494, which has entered into force from 2011, approved a number of rules relating to the work of the ventilation channels. Any ventilating system located in the room in which people live must meet the following rules:

1. Provide due air quality. If a person breathes in the air, a huge number of harmful impurities will be present, then there may soon begin problems with the lungs, as well as by other bodies. Since the functioning of the ventilation channels is built on exhaust and air supply, its purity in the apartment should be no less than the minimum limit, the value of which is 1000 CO2. This indicator is measured in cubic centimeters divided into cubic meters.
2. Satisfy the permissible humidity.Depending on the air parameters, which comes from the ventilation channels, the humidity indoors changes somewhat. If the air is too dry, then the humidity decreases significantly. In special situations, this indicator may, on the contrary, achieve the maximum value. Ventilation in an apartment building should function so that the minimum moisture mark in the room does not reach less than thirty percent, and the maximum did not exceed sixty percent. If the moisture value is ranging from 30% to 60%, the ventilation system meets the relevant requirements of the State Standard.
3. Do not exceed the maximum air speed. All ventilation channels operate equally, but at the same time some of them are newer (in new buildings), and some more obsolete version (in the houses of the old building). That, for what period of time, an individual lives in his apartment and how much the ventilation was done, also plays a huge role. All listed, as well as additional characteristics affect the speed of the air run through the ventilation channels. In accordance with the current state standard, air flows should not move faster than at a speed of 0.2 meters per second.

Principle of operation

In order for the tenants of apartment buildings to independently control the state of their ventilation channels and their cleaning time can be used; it is necessary to understand general principles Works of this device. In any residential room there are several exhaust channels. As a rule, they are in the bathroom, toilet, as well as storage rooms. With the help of them, polluted air is pulled out of the apartment, and clean air flows come. Thus, the circulation of air masses occurs. However, the question automatically arises regarding where it comes from and how clean air falls into the apartment. Everything is very simple. Air masses come from street through window, as well as door gaps.

It should be noted that in new buildings, ventilation systems operating according to the described principle are practically not effective. This is due to the fact that almost everything modern houses C. are built plastic windows, the capacity of which is significantly less air than the wooden windows.

Who checks the condition of the ventilation channels

Apartments belong to the types of property objects that are in personal property from their owners. In addition, individuals own in general rights by some other objects, including ventilation, roof, entrance, and so on. For all public facilities of this kind bearing the responsibility of the management organization with which tenants apartment house Enclosed the appropriate agreement. In this regard, to control the current state of the ventilation channels, and this service is obliged to take care of their safe operation.

Government Russian Federation Approved the order number 410, which displays all the rules according to which the management organization should act at the time of checking the state of the ventilation channels. Check can be made only by those organizations that specialize in relevant activities, and also have a license to hold it. Also in this document recorded all the requirements that must be met when cleaning ventilation.

Attention! If there are any repair or construction worksthen after they are completed management Company Mandatory must check the status of the ventilation system. In addition, the ventilation status is checked in cases where any complaints received from the tenants regarding her work. In the event of unsatisfactory test results, ventilation is cleaned.

How to clean ventilation yourself

In some situations, individuals want to independently clean the ventilation channels. Most often, this is happening or when the control office is delayed with a visit, the purpose of which should be cleaning the ventilation, or when contamination of minor volumes. However, if the ventilation system from the inside is covered with a sufficiently thick layer of dirt, then it is not recommended for bringing it to normal condition. If the flare is small, then in order to make clean, you need to follow the instructions:

• Step number 1.First of all, you need to remove ventilation grates. Sometimes it has to do with a screwdriver. After that, the lattice needs to thoroughly clean from the accumulated dirt, rinse well under water, wipe or wait until they dry themselves.

• Step number 2. Then you will need to prepare the ERS made of metal. The ERS should be as long as possible. If it is not possible to get it, then you can take a metal wire. Then with the help of the hero or wire, it is necessary to clean the channels that have become open to access after the lattice is removed. The deeper it will get to get, the more effective there will be a result.
• Step number 3. And as a final step - cleaning the channel from dust. This can be done with this household applianceAs an ordinary vacuum cleaner, which will help quickly and easily pull out all the accumulated dust and dirt.

Ventilation of an apartment building is a complex system of ventkanals that permeate the entire building, entering each apartment. It is through neither the removal of air from the premises. But over time, ventkanals and mines are reduced into the cross section due to garbage, fat and oil sediments, which leads to the weakening of the outflow of air masses. So, ventilation at home begins to work incorrectly. That is, it comes time to think about how to clean ventilation in the house.

Why clean ventilation

Maintain the correct operation of the ventilation system is necessary from purely hygienic considerations. After all, the weakening of the hood leads primarily to a decrease in air exchange, which is legalized by sanitary standards of residence. The exhaust air exhausting is taken with a dust particles, excessive humidity, as well as various types of microorganisms that negatively affect human health.

Therefore, to clean the ventilation in the apartment is a special attitude. But, as practice shows, it is practically engaged in the owners of the owners. Rarely who is trying to do something to increase the air outflow. But it helps weakly. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the process of cleaning ventilation, and if it is possible to carry out it regularly. If not yourself, then at least once every two or three years call a specialist.

When need to be cleaned

It is clear that few people opens the ventilation grille to look into the Ventcanal of the building. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to some signs that the ventilation channel has become less than its original size. Here are some such signs that are strongly striking.

1. Around the ventilation grille and dust and dirt accumulates on it, a web appears.
2. After a wet cleaning, the dust on the surface of the floor and furniture will immediately settle.
3. In the summer, the hottest in the apartment does not become cool.
4. If drafts for open windows or entrance door have become much weaker or disappeared at all.

It will definitely tell me that the cleaning of ventilation in the apartment is necessary. Especially if it is operated for many years. Determine the need to help the paper napkin concaved to the ventilation. If the napkin remains at the ventilation channel, it means that ventilation works well. If the napkin does not hold, then you need to beat the alarm. The channel was mad, and ventilation does not work.

Similarly, you can also check if you attach a piece of toilet or newspaper paper to the way. If it is adhering to the lattice, it means that ventilation works in its parameters. If fell, the problem is serious, and it is necessary to solve it urgently.

In general, it is impossible to bring the ventilation system of the apartment building to such a condition. After all, this network has several levels equal to the number of floors. And in each apartment from the vertical mine, channels depart. The poet happens and this situation occurs when the horizontal channel from the apartment seems to be clean, but the outflow of the air is weak. The reason is clogged by a vertical common channel. And here help everyone will not be able to help, because the cleaning of the total ventshaht is required, for which the management company is responsible. And for it, accurate norms are installed, how often to clean the ventilation of the apartment building, which it, unfortunately, does not perform.

Causes of clogging of ventilation channels

The main reason for clogging is a large cluster of dust, dirt and fat on the walls of the canals and mines. Unfortunately, the ventilation of the apartment building in which it is difficult to get it difficult. These are narrow channels for which the exhaust air from the apartments, especially from the kitchen and bathroom, is entering the street. Moving along the system, the particles located in it are settled on the walls of the channels, increasing over the years in the thickness in the form of a mud layer. Hence the decrease in the cross section of the air ducts.

Another reason - collapse brick masonryFrom which in many houses and the Ventshacht is built. Repair the laying is very difficult, and sometimes it is possible, so you have to live with such incorrecting ventilation.

The third reason is the inward ventilation and dead small animals and birds. Some birds are constructed in the socket channels, which cover the part of the opening.

The fourth reason is the installed kitchen exhaust, the air duct is embedded in Ventkanal. The reason is quite serious, because the ventilation of the apartment building must provide air exchange inside the apartment at the rate of 90 m³ / hour. And this is 5-10 times less than the performance of modern hoods. That is, when the household appliance is turned on in the ventshach, it is formed overpressurewhich pushes the air through it through the channels to neighboring apartments. That is, you can no longer talk about the ventilation of an apartment building.

How to clean ventilation in the apartment do it yourself

We turn to the main issue of the article, which has always been relevant, and today it is asked by many owners of urban apartments: how do you clear ventilation in the apartment. As already mentioned above, if the management companies exactly fulfill their duties, then there would be a need to clean ventilation on their own. But things are so that no one wants to engage in your apartments other than you. Therefore, it will have to carry out all events without a specialist.

Although it should be noted that the cleaning of the horizontal channel is an inefficient operation, because without cleaning the vertical riser, this is just cosmetic measures. But even they can increase the air craving slightly. So what you need to do:

• a ventilation grille is removed, which must be dispersed by household detergentbecause fat and oil raids with clean or soapy water will unlikely be departed;
• a web is removed by a broom or a cloth, try to do it, completely shoved them into the channel;
• arm yourself with a spatula and screens out from the walls of the dirt deposit channel, in no case use chemicals, they will not help here;
• take a long wire and shove it as far as possible, that is, thus the hand is lengthened, additionally tie the rash to it;
• after that, it is necessary to shove the hose from the vacuum cleaner into the channel and turn on the latter to remove the accumulated and assembled garbage.

There are no other options for cleaning the ventilation channel from its apartment. Of course, if you do not invite specialists armed with special technique. When conducting these works, it is necessary to be attentive. Caution in this business is in the first place, because inside the ventilation passes there may be aspen nests, dwellings of lizards and other small rodents.

Where to contact if you can't clean yourself

Immediately it is necessary to make a reservation that the cleaning of ventilation in an apartment building is the responsibility of a special organization that has entered into an agreement with the management company. It is forbidden to clean the vertical ventosht. Yes, and make it with handicraft tools and adaptations it is better impossible.

Therefore, it is necessary to come to the office of the management company and leave a written application, having denoted the number of the entrance number and the house number. The thing is that one vertical ventilation mine is often installed for one entrance. Therefore, it will be easy to look for it if the entrance number is specified.

Specialists who came on call must first make air velocity measurements in the ventilation system. One froze from the apartment, the other from the inside of the vessels. After that, it is determined which activities will be produced. By the way, in addition to cleaning, it is proposed to carry disinfection or repair.

Please note that the question of who should be cleaned exactly determines the responsibility of the parties. That is, the management company is not engaged in this. She simply monitors the requirements of the residents of an apartment building and for their execution by their employees or those who have an agreement on conducting certain events. But the accomplishments of the tenants should be fulfilled with the management company.

Let's start with the fact that we will give the main advice - it is impossible to clean ventilation in the apartment yourself. But if there is no other output, then do not climb into the vertical riser. Your capabilities are limited, so you can only clean the horizontal ventkane, which connects the mine with an apartment. How to do it, you now know.

Sometimes the owners of the apartments themselves are to blame for the fact that the inner air is reduced or completely absent. In the process of repaired, they are closed finishing materials Ventilation openings. First, it is impossible to do this. Secondly, if it still happened, then try to correct the situation and bring it to normal. Otherwise high humidity, unpleasant odors, mold and fungi you can not avoid.

If it's still decided to clean the air ducts with your own hands, then try to prepare it thoroughly. To do this, you will need the above-described tools and devices, as well as a reliable stepder.

Hello.

See primarily the terms of the contract for management.

LCD RF, Article 162. Department of Management of the Apartment Building

1. The management agreement of the apartment building is the management organization, which is given a license to carry out activities for the management of apartment buildings in accordance with the requirements of this Code, in writing or in electronic form using the system by drawing up a single document signed by the parties. When choosing a managing organization, the general meeting of the owners of premises in an apartment building with each owner of the premises in such a house is a management agreement on the conditions specified in the decision of this General Assembly. At the same time, the owners of the premises in this house, possessing more than fifty percentages of votes from the total number of votes of the owners of the premises in this house, act as one side of the contract.

(as amended by federal laws of 04.06.2011 N 123-FZ, from 07.21.2014 N 263-FZ, from 07.21.2014 N 255-FZ)

1.1. In the case of article 161 of this Code, with each person who adopted from the developer (persons providing the construction of an apartment building) After issuing permission to enter an apartment building into operation, the premises in this house on the transfer act or other transmission document is Apartment house management contract. At the same time, such persons act as one side of the concluded contract if they make up more than fifty percent of their total number.

(Part 1.1 introduced by Federal Law of 05.04.2013 N 38-FZ)

2. Under the management agreement of the apartment building, one party (managing organization) on the task of the other party (the owners of the premises in an apartment building, bodies of the partnership of the owners of housing, the management bodies of the housing cooperative or bodies of other specialized consumer cooperative, the person specified in paragraph 6 of Part 2 Article 153 of this Code, or in the case provided for by part 14 of Article 161 of this Code, the developer) during the agreed period for the fee undertakes to carry out work and (or) provide services for managing the apartment building, provide services and perform work on the proper maintenance and repair of the general Property in such a house, provide utilities to the owners of premises in such a house and using premises in this house to persons, to carry out other activities aimed at achieving the goals of managing an apartment building.

(as amended by federal laws of 04.06.2011 N 123-FZ, from 04/05/2013 N 38-FZ, from 07.21.2014 N 255-FZ)

(see text in the previous edition)

2.1. The contract of administration of an apartment building, concluded in the manner prescribed by this article, should be placed by the management organization in the system in the manner established by the federal executive body, performing functions to develop and implement public policy and regulatory regulation in the field of information technology, together with federal The executive authority, which performs functions to develop and implement state policies and regulatory regulation in the field of housing and communal services.

(Part 2.1 is introduced by federal law of 21.07.2014 N 263-FZ)

3. In the management agreement, an apartment building must be indicated:

1) the composition of the common property of an apartment building in respect of which the management will be carried out and the address of such a house;

2) a list of works and (or) services for the management of an apartment building, services and works on the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building, the procedure for changing such a list, as well as a list of utilities that the management organization grants;

(as amended by Federal Law of July 21, 2014 N 255-FZ)

(see text in the previous edition)

3) the procedure for determining the price of the contract, the size of the board for the maintenance and repair of residential premises and the amount of payment fees for utilities, as well as the procedure for making such a fee;

4) The procedure for monitoring the management of its obligations under the management agreement.

4. The terms of the management agreement of the apartment building are set as the same for all owners of the premises in an apartment building.

5. The contract of administration of the apartment building is:

1) in the case specified in paragraph 1 of this article, for a period of at least one year, but not more than five years;

2) in cases indicated in parts 4 and 13 of Article 161 of this Code, for a period of at least one year, but not more than three years;

3) in the case specified in paragraph 14 of Article 161 of this Code, for a period of no more than three months.

(Part 5 as amended by Federal Law of 04/05/2013 N 38-FZ)

(see text in the previous edition)

6. In the absence of a statement of one of the parties to terminate the contract of administration of an apartment building at the end of its term, such an agreement is considered extended for the same period and under the same conditions as provided for by such a contract.

7. Unless otherwise established by the Management Treaty of the Apartment House, the management organization is obliged to embark on such a contract no later than thirty days from the date of its signing.

8. Change and (or) Termination of the management agreement of the apartment building are carried out in the manner prescribed by civil law.

8.1. The owners of the premises in an apartment building unilaterally may refuse to fulfill the management agreement of an apartment building concluded according to the results of an open competition provided for in parts 4 and 13 of Article 161 of this Code, after each subsequent year from the date of concluding the specified contract in the event that before the expiration date Actions of such a contract The general meeting of the owners of premises in an apartment building decided to choose or about changing the method of managing this house.

(Part of the Eighth.1 is introduced by federal law of 29.12.2006 N 251-FZ, as amended by Federal Law of 04.06.2011 N 123-FZ)

(see text in the previous edition)

8.2. Owners of premises in an apartment building on the basis of the decision of the general meeting of the owners of the premises in an apartment building unilaterally may refuse to fulfill the management agreement of the apartment building if the management organization does not fulfill the conditions of such a contract, and decide on the choice of a different management organization or a change in the data management method house.

(Part of the Eighth.2 is introduced by federal law of 29.12.2006 N 251-FZ, as amended by Federal Law of 04.06.2011 N 123-FZ)

(see text in the previous edition)

9. Management of an apartment building, which is owned by a housing cooperative or in which the partnership of housing owners has been created, is carried out taking into account the provisions of sections V and VI of this Code.

10. The management organization in thirty days before the termination of the contract of management of the apartment building is obliged to convey technical documentation for the apartment building and other documents related to the management of the newly selected management organization, the partnership of the owners of housing or a housing cooperative or other specialized consumer cooperative or in the event of direct management of such The house owners of premises in such a house one of these owners specified in solving a general meeting of these owners about the choice of a way to manage such a house, or, if such a owner is not specified, any owner of the premises in such a house.

11. Unless otherwise established by the Department of Administration of the Apartment House, the management organization annually during the first quarter of the current year represents the owners of the premises in an apartment building. A report on the implementation of the management contract for the previous year, and also places the specified report in the system.

The ventilation system of the house is a community property and maintaining it the management company that you monthly pay considerable money under the article "Content and repair of housing".
This is set to the trail. Documents:

A. "Rules for the content of common property in an apartment building" (ultimate government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 N 491):
... 2. The general property includes:
e) mechanical, electrical, sanitary and other equipment located in an apartment building outside or indoors and maintain more than one residential and (or) non-residential premises (apartments); "

B. "The minimum list of services and works necessary to ensure the proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, and the procedure for providing and implementing" (approved. POST. Government of the Russian Federation № 290 dated April 3, 2013)

"... 15. Works performed in order to properly maintain ventilation systems and smoke farming of apartment buildings:
- maintenance and seasonal control of equipment of ventilation and smoke removal systems, determination of the performance of equipment and elements of systems;
- monitoring condition, identification and elimination of the causes of unacceptable vibrations and noise when working ventilation unit;
... troubleshooting in ventilation channels and mines, eliminating blockages in the channels, troubleshooting Sewberry and throttle valves in exhaust mines, umbrellas over mines and deflectors, replacing defective exhaust lattices and their fasteners;
... monitoring condition and restoration of anti-corrosion painting of metal exhaust channels, pipes, pallets and deflectors;
- When identifying damage and disorders - the development of a plan of restoration work (if necessary), carrying out restoration work. "

B. "Rules and norms technical exploitation Housing Fund "(approved post. Gosstroy RF dated September 27, 2003 No. 170):

"... V. Maintenance and repair engineering equipment
... 5.7. Ventilation
5.7.1. Settlement temperatures, multiplicity and air exchange rates for different rooms residential houses Must meet the established requirements. Natural exhaust ventilation It should ensure the removal of the necessary amount of air from all the premises provided for by the project at the current outdoor temperatures of 5 degrees. With and below ....
5.7.2. The staff serving the ventilation system of residential buildings must produce:
- scheduled inspections and elimination of all identified system faults;
- replacement of broken exhaust grilles and their fastening;
- troubleshooting in ventilation canals and mines;
- elimination of blockages in the canals;
- Troubleshooting Sewberry and throttle valves in exhaust mines, umbrellas over mines and deflectors.
... 5.7.7. Ventilation systems in residential buildings should be regulated depending on sudden decreases or increasing the current outdoor air temperature and strong winds.
Engineering and technical workers of the residential fund organizations are obliged to instruct tenants on the rules for regulating the ventilation systems.
5.7.8. Put the exhaust ventilation grilles or close their homeproof items, and also use them as a fastening of the rope for drying linen is not allowed ....
5.7.9. Central exhaust headguings natural ventilation Must have umbrellas and deflectors.
... 5.7.11. The list of shortcomings of the ventilation system to be eliminated during the repair of a residential building should be drawn up on the basis of data from the spring inspection ....

Appendix N 4 (recommended)
List of works on the maintenance of residential buildings
Works performed when conducting technical inspections and parts of individual elements and premises of residential buildings
... 6. Checking for thrust in smoking channels.

Appendix N 7 (recommended)
List of works related to current repair
... 14. Ventilation
Replacing and restoring the performance of the domestic ventilation system including actually fans and their electric drives. "

MDK 2-04.2004 "Methodological manual for the maintenance and repair of a housing stock" (approved by order of the USSR State Building in 2004):
"... 4.3.6. The organization for servicing the housing stock should:
- contain ventilation channels and chimneys in a technically good condition;

... 4.3.7. Work on the elimination of construction defects, elimination of violations of the channels of channels identified with planned inspections as well finishing work after installation or repair internal devices Gas supply must be carried out by the organization for servicing the Housing Fund.

... 4.3.12. Housing Organization Organizations are responsible for the technically good condition of the ventilation channels. It is not allowed at any work to eliminate ventkanals in kitchen and other rooms equipped with gas-heating devices. In the process of maintenance of the housing stock, they must provide periodic checks of the suitability of ventilation channels and chimneys to operation in the following dates:
... b) ventilation channels of the premises in which installed gas devices- no less often two times a year (in winter and summer).
Repair of chimneys and ventilation channels is allowed to produce a housing and housing organization personnel with appropriate specialty and training under the supervision of an engineering and technical worker.

... 4.3.13. Unauthorized repairs, alterations and extensions of chimneys and ventilation channels are not allowed. Check and cleaning chimneys and ventilation channels should be issued with acts. After each repair, the chimneys and ventilation channels are subject to testing and cleaning, regardless of previous check and cleaning within the deadlines installed in acts.

Appendix 2.
The list of works included in the housing repair fee ( maintenance)
... 14. Ventilation:
Changing individual sites and eliminating looting of ventilation boxes, mines and cameras; ... "

What is ventilation?

Up to the XIX century, fresh air in the house came through windows and doors. Fortunately, two centuries ago there were no high-storey buildings. But as soon as they began to appear, people thought about creating an air exchange system inside and outside the room.

The normative definition of the term "ventilation" is given in SNIVA 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", adopted by the Resolution of the Gosstroita of the Russian Federation No. 115 of June 26, 2003 according to construction standards and the Rules, ventilation is the exchange of air in rooms to remove excess heat, moisture, harmful and other substances, in order to provide admissible meteorological conditions and air purity in the serviced or working area.

Simply put, ventilation is the process of entering outdoor air in an apartment, carrying out its premises and remove the "exhaust" contaminated air. In addition, ventilation is currently called devices and equipment designed to provide adjustable air exchange.

How do ventilation systems work?

SNiP 31-01-2003 "Buildings Residential Multi-Fire" says: "The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution." It is noted that the ventilation can be three types:

• with natural influx and air removal;
• with mechanical motivation of inflow and air removal;
• combined with natural influx and air removal with partial use of mechanical motivation.

In apartment buildings, as a rule, a supply and exhaust ventilation system operates.

More and more fully and in detail the ventilation systems are described in the reference manual "Heating and Ventilation of residential buildings", designed to SNOP 2.08.01-89 (replaced by SNiP 31-01-2003).