The FBS is the abbreviated name of the reinforced concrete blocks. Abbreviation is deciphered as foundation concrete solid. Such blocks are made of heavy species of concrete and are used to create the foundations of the ribbon type and the construction of walls. High, creating a special strength of the finished product, allows the use of blocks foundation in the construction of bases of various objects, choosing the desired dimensions. It is convenient to apply in the construction of garages equipped with observation pit, cottages. Without them, the construction of greenhouses, warehouses, farmrooms for the content of animals, various industrial facilities is not necessary. With the help of FBS blocks, massive grounds for buildings create a large load on the base of the building are arranged.
Types that have small sizes are used to build temporary road signs. Sometimes they prepare devices for the location of small advertising or information shields.
For the convenience of consumers who are used everywhere in modern construction, it makes wall foundation blocks that have different sizes approved by GOST.
Pouring products from concrete at the factory, they are reinforced using the mounting wire. The end portion of concrete products of this type has specially created grooves that are filled with a solution. When installing them, they are installed with the help of a crane and fixed with each other with cement mortar.
Reinforced concrete blocks are manufactured according to standards that provide them with use in the construction of industrial and civil structures. FBS blocks have a parallelepiped form. They can be poured with a height of 300 or 600 mm. GOST approved the width of the product. It can be 300, 400, 500 and 600 mm. Their length is 600, 800 or 900 mm. Also approved the size of length in 900, 1200 or 2400 mm.
All sizes are indicated on the label, which consists of a set of specific letters and numbers. The higher the values \u200b\u200bof the numbers in the marking, the greater the weight of the individual instance.
Heavy species of these concrete products are used for bases. When erecting walls, partitions use easier species that can be laid manually.
The product having a FBS marking 24-6-6 T is indicated that this is:
Type of FBS with such labeling, the most common from buyers. FBS 24-4-6 and FBS-24-5-6 are two more types of products whose sizes have become the most popular in the construction market.
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To calculate the amount of material required to create a base and select the products of the desired size, you need to know the height of the upper part of the finished base and its lower part. It is important to determine the width of the foundation and its total length. This will help with the help of simple mathematical calculations, calculate the amount required for work. For calculations, you can use the calculator on the construction sites.
When working with large-scale products use a crane. Small instances, weighing up to 100 kg, mounted manually.
To perform basements, use FBS 9, 12 or 24 blocks. The numbers indicate the length. What it is higher, the greater there may be a load that the design created by the design.
Their installation is driven by the same technology that is used for brickwork. They are placed on cement mortar, withdrawing four or five rows in height, making all the necessary dressings of internal and external walls. After the end of the masonry around the perimeter, the reinforced belt is created and the overlap is made from above. After the construction of the wall, the design is treated with tar, creating a layer of waterproofing.
When choosing for the construction of foundation units, the FBS accelerates the entire process of building a building, which will be firmly standing for a long time.
The dimensions of standard reinforced concrete structures allow you to calculate the desired amount of materials to create a basement.
GOST 13579-78
Interstate standard
Concrete blocks
For the walls of the basements
Technical conditions
Date of introduction 01.01.79
This standard applies to blocks made of heavy concrete, as well as a ceramzite concrete and a dense silicate concrete of medium density (in a condition dried to constant) at least 1800 kg / m 3 and those intended for the walls of basements and technical underground buildings.
Solid blocks are allowed to apply for foundations.
1.1. Blocks are divided into three types:
FBS - solid;
FBB - solid with a cut-out for laying jumpers and passing communications under the ceilings of basements and technical underground;
FBP - void (with open down voids).
1.2. The shape and size of blocks must match the specified. - and in table. .
FBS blocks type blocks
Blocks width 300 mm
Heck. one
Blocks width 400, 500 and 600 mm
Heck. 1 (continued)
FBB blocks
Heck. 2.
PBP type blocks
Heck. 3.
Table 1
|
The main dimensions of the block, mm |
|||
|
Length l. |
Width b. |
Height h. |
|
|
300; 400; 500; 600 |
|||
|
300; 400; 500; 600 |
|||
1.3. The structure of the conditional designation (stamps) of the blocks is as follows:
Example of the conditional notation FBS type block 2380 mm long, 400 mm wide and 580 mm high, from heavy concrete:
FBS24.4.6 GOST 13579-78
The same, type of FBB with a length of 880 mm, 400 mm wide and a height of 580 mm, from concrete on porous aggregates (ceramzite concrete):
FBV9.4.6-P GOST 13579-78
The same, type of FBP with a length of 2380 mm, 500 mm wide and a height of 580 mm, from a dense silicate concrete:
FBP24.5.6-S GOST 13579-78
Note. It is allowed to manufacture and apply 780 mm long blocks (Dobly), adopted in approved up to 01.01.78 typical projects of buildings during these projects.
1.4. The brands and characteristics of heavy concrete blocks are shown in Table. , from the ceramzitobeton - in the table. , from dense silicate concrete - in Table. .
With the appropriate substantiation, it is allowed to use concrete blocks with classes for compression strength, differ from those indicated in Table. -. At the same time, in all cases, the concrete class for compressive strength should be taken no more than B15 and not less:
B3.5 - for heavy concrete blocks and ceramzite concrete;
B12.5 "" "dense silicate concrete.
Note. In the conventional designation of blocks from concrete classes for compressive strength different from those indicated in Table. -, the corresponding digital index must be administered in front of the letter, which characterizes the type of concrete.
table 2
|
Concrete class by compressive strength |
Mounting loop |
Consumption of materials |
Block mass (reference), t |
|||
|
Concrete, m 3 |
Steel, kg. |
|||||
Note. The mass of blocks is given for heavy concrete medium density of 2400 kg / m 3.
Table 3.
|
Mounting loop |
Consumption of materials |
Block mass (reference), t |
||||
|
Concrete, m 3 |
Steel, kg. |
|||||
Note. The mass of blocks, as well as the brand of mounting loops, is given for blocks from a ceramzite concrete, an average density of 1800 kg / m 3.
Table 4.
|
Concrete class by compressive strength |
Mounting loop |
Consumption of materials |
Block mass (reference), t |
|||
|
Concrete, m 3 |
Steel, kg. |
|||||
Note. The mass of blocks, as well as the mounting loops, is given for blocks of a dense silicate concrete of a medium density of 2000 kg / m 3.
1.5. The location of the mounting loops in blocks must correspond to the specified damn. -. Constructions of mounting loops are shown in the application.
It is allowed to install mounting hinges in the FBS type blocks with a length of 1180 and 2380 mm at a distance of 300 mm from the ends of the block and flush with its upper plane.
When applying for lifting and installation of blocks of special gripping devices, it is allowed, in coordinating the manufacturer with the consumer and the project organization, the manufacture of blocks without mounting loops.
1.4, 1.5. (Modified edition, change No. 1).
2.1. Materials used to prepare concrete should ensure the performance of technical requirements established by this standard and meet the current standards or specifications for these materials.
50 - for heavy concrete and ceramzite-concrete class 12.5 and higher;
70 "" "class 10 and below;
80 "Ceramzitobeton" at 10 ""
100 "dense silicate concrete.
When delivering blocks during the cold period of the year, it is allowed to increase the value of the normalized vacation strength of concrete as a percentage of the class by compression strength, but not more than:
70 - for a class of 12.5 and higher concrete;
90 "" "10 and below.
The value of the normalized vacation strength of concrete should be taken by project documentation for a specific building or structure in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.
The supply of blocks with the vacation strength of concrete is below the strength corresponding to its compression strength, provided if the manufacturer ensures that concrete blocks of the required strength at design age, determined by the results of the test of control samples made from a concrete mix of the work maker and stored in the context According to GOST 18105.
2.5 - 2.7. (Modified edition, change No. 1).
2.8. When you leave the blocks to the consumer, the humidity of the ceramzitobetone should not be more than 12%.
A3 - facial intended under the color;
A5 - facial, intended for decoration by ceramic tiles stacked by a layer of solution;
A6 - facial injustable;
A7 - Neltsy, invisible in operating conditions.
Requirements for the quality of block surfaces - according to GOST 13015.
2.13. (Excluded, change No. 1).
2.14. In concrete blocks received according to section. The cracks are not allowed, with the exception of local surface shrinkage, the width of which should not exceed 0.1 mm in blocks of severe and dense silicate concrete and 0.2 mm in blocks from a ceramzite concrete.
2.15. Mounting hinges should be cleaned of concrete floors.
(Modified edition, change No. 1).
GOST 13015.
5.1. Block marking - GOST 13015.
Marking inscriptions and signs should be applied on the side surface of the block.
(Modified edition, change No. 1).
5.2. Blocks should be stored in stacks sorted by brands and parties and laid close to each other.
Foundation Blocks FBS: how to properly determine the desired size and calculate the required number of products for fast and error-free construction of a reliable foundation for your home
A good house always begins with a reliable foundation, and this axiom underlies the design and technologies for the construction of durable and durable buildings.
In modern construction, prefabricated and combined grounds are becoming more popular, which significantly reduces the "zero" cycle of the construction of the house without loss of strength. For this, the FBS blocks, the size and strength of which allow you to choose all items in full accordance with the design parameters.
In order for the choice of foundation blocks to be correct, it is necessary to take into account that the foundation not only has to withstand the weight of the building, but evenly distribute it on the soil.
The manufacturer must ensure the exact compliance of the strength and geometric characteristics of the blocks by the requirements of GOST 13579-78, because any deviation may subsequently lead to rapid destruction of the building. Blocks foundation FBS are a parallelepipide from a heavy, clay or silicate concrete with a density of at least 1800 kg / m³ without voids, with a technological regimulation for vertical reinforcement with solution. Concrete strength class is provided not lower than at 7.5.
Manufacturing technology provides for compaction of concrete on vibrostoles, and special supports provide specified dimensions and a dense, smooth surface. Products with a disruption of geometry subsequent will not allow to build a flat masonry, and the seam thickness will be greater than regulatory values \u200b\u200b(2-5 mm), which can break through the entire structure. High-quality, dense surface serves as a guarantee from premature cracking and destruction, even in a wet environment.
GOST to the FBS blocks regulates the manufacture of products with a length of 2380, 1180 and 880 mm. In this case, the width varies from 300 to 600 mm with an interval of 100 mm, the height can be 280 and 580 mm. 280 mm high products are practically not used in the modern construction of foundations due to low load carrying at almost the same price, so many manufacturers do not include them in their range.
Overall dimensions in decimeters are laid in labeling with rounding to more. For example, the FBS unit 24.4.6 has actual dimensions of 2380x400x580 mm. The letter "C" in the designation of the type of block means that the design is solid. This is the largest product in the proposed sortiment, which allows you to maximize the construction of the foundation, but also having the maximum weight in the manufacture of concrete grades (M 100, M 200) - 1.96 tons.
It is also necessary to take into account that the weight of the FBS blocks, even the smallest, reaches 260 kg, which requires the use of heavy special equipment when working with them.
Some manufacturers offer these types of lesser products, despite the labeling of heavy concrete "T". In this case, they are made either from clay concrete and should be marked with the letter "P" or from silicate "C", or in the production process were not sufficiently sealed and can have emptiness and pores. Therefore, when buying, specify the brand and the weight of the foundation blocks of the FBS and make sure that the document confirming the quality is.
Large-sized FBS units are used, in addition to tape prefabs, for the construction of basement floors and unheated technical structures.
The dimensions of the products on a par with and its class for compressive strength are determined by:
The sizes of the FBS blocks are selected depending on:
When selecting sizes and calculation of the number of blocks, 4-5 pieces per wall are considered optimal. For example, for the standard 10-meter wall of the house, there will be 4 blocks of 24 dm long than 8 pieces with a length of 12 dm.
The more unstable primer, the greater the size of the carrier elements. For example, for the construction of a foundation on clay and drum soils, which themselves have pressure on the design, large-sized FBS blocks should be used 24.6.6. And for sandy dry soils for the laying to a depth of 60 - 70 cm, the average - FBS 12.6.6-t. The same direct dependence of the size and with the calculated load on the base.
It is mistaken to assume that the width of the blocks is always equal to the thickness of the walls. Wall speech is allowed on one side to 10 cm, and if the protrusion is bilateral, then up to 6 cm on each side. Usually used blocks of different sizes for the most dense styling and optimal dressing of seams. The foundation blocks made according to GOST 13579-78, due to the high accuracy of dimensions and straightness, with proper laying are capable of minimizing the curvature of the combined foundation and serve as an excellent guide guide at the subsequent masonry of the walls.
By industry standards, 300 and 600 mm long products are available for oversized structures. There are even blocks of heavy concrete along the volume with dimensions of 400x200x200 mm for low-rise light houses from wood and foam blocks. They optimally combine high strength and low weight (on average 31 kg). Such products are indispensable in the absence of special equipment, for independent masonry base on sandy soils.
Non-standard can be attributed to the foundation units of FBS 6.6.6, gaining increasingly popular due to the versatility of application for:
They are made of heavy brands of concrete, which provides high strength and allows you to build the walls of any height from them.
GOST to FBS blocks, in addition to overall sizes and strength characteristics, provides for mass rationing (in the reference format). This is necessary for rapid quality control, because the regulatory value of concrete density cannot be determined under construction sites.
The parameter will also be necessary for the right choice of special equipment for laying blocks, loading and unloading operations, as well as for transporting materials. FBS blocks, weight and sizes of which determine the rate of loading of products to the car, are transported by 10 and 20 ton vehicles. Having at the disposal such information can be minimized by the cost of transporting such bulky and heavy products. In addition, many companies have considerable amounts for simple techniques in case of unforeseen situations.
Opening your choice on the national foundation, it is necessary to respond with the choice of its structural elements. After all, the quality of the FBS blocks, the correct calculation of their quantity and sizes will determine the reliability of the house and the service life.
The large-scale construction of the past decades with the active use of the most advanced and original technologies and architectural innovations forced the builders to pay very close attention to building materials that ensure high quality and accelerated terms of commissioning facilities.
The foundation blocks are solid - these are building elements made from concrete by reinforcing with metal rods.
Alone of the most popular among such building materials are various reinforced concrete products, including the FBS blocks, the technical characteristics of which correspond to the ever-increasing requirements of architects and builders. More detailed acquaintance with this material and its features will allow to use it even wider in various fields.
FBS block diagram.
The foundation blocks are solid (FBS) are structural building reinforced concrete elements that are made of high grades heavy concrete. Standard blocks having the shape of an impressive rectangular parallelepiped, reinforced with metal bar. Thanks to this strengthen, they are able to withstand huge weight loads.
These building materials can be equipped with additional eyelets. This is done in order to facilitate the operations on loading and unloading the FBS, as well as for convenient installation of these elements. In their end parts there are special excavations intended for filling with liquid concrete during the installation process on the construction site. In this way, blocks are better bonded with each other.
As the name implies, these blocks are intended mainly for the device for durable and reliable foundations of various buildings, since they are able to "hold" the highest loads. At the same time, they significantly accelerate the entire building process, make it much cheaper. At the same time, the foundation blocks according to their quality are practically not inferior to traditional monolithic foundations.
General technical characteristics of FBS blocks.
However, the fundamentals of their application are not limited. Being in demand in construction and installation operations of almost any level of complexity, they are applied with no less efficient when erecting multi-storey structures, on the installation of various overlaps and partitions. Excellent proven itself also on the construction of non-residential and industrial construction facilities. Sometimes they are used for temporary or constant fencing of various objects, large construction sites.
The general technical characteristics of the FBS look like this:
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One of the main parameters of the FBS blocks is their dimensions. These structural units are classified at a given length, width and height. These values \u200b\u200bare particularly taken into account when choosing these elements. After all, they must be perfect to approach a certain structure, fulfilling their main purpose - evenly distribute the mechanical loads of the entire building, which come on its basis.
Sizes of FBS blocks.
It is from the calculated load of the object to the foundation and depends on how the blocks must be selected. Moreover, the exact compliance of their dimensions of the total mass of the construction is extremely important. For example, the use of smaller blocks than the calculated standard is fraught with the fact that in the future the building built on such a foundation is likely to be very difficult to operate normally and safely.
To date, such parameters are considered the main sizes of FBS blocks:
Meanwhile, minor errors are possible. In particular, the deviation of the length and height of 20 mm from the above denominations is allowed.
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Mass of FBS blocks.
Another important factor that is characterized by reinforced concrete base blocks is the weight of a separate structural element. Attention is drawn to the fact that, in contrast to its void (FBP) and relief (with cut) (FBW) analogs, the blocks considered here have a solid, without technological voids, structure.
This factor, among other things, significantly affects transport logistics, in particular, on how many similar products can fit in one cargo car so that the car can calmly transport them. In general, the weight of the block depends on its brand and fluctuates on average within 250 kg to 2 tons.
As raw materials, clamzit concrete, silicate and severe varieties of concrete, and in frost-resistant execution, are used as raw materials.
It uses the technology of special drying and stepping of the main components, which gives the final product given by certain standards the degree of hardness, frost resistance and compressive strength.
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In the manufacture of FBS blocks, special installations are used.
In order to make high-quality foundation blocks, the manufacturer when mixing cement powder, aggregate and water is obliged to very strictly adhere to the project ratio of these ingredients. For the preparation of the kneading applied a concrete mixer.
After reaching the uniformity of the concrete mixture, it is poured into special forms in which deep vibrators are placed. With the help of these power tools, a thorough seal seal is sealing a sealing substance. After the day, during which the concrete mass solidifies, partially finished plates are withdrawn from the forms.
The next stage of the production of the FBS is to give the blocks of the initial strength. To do this, the protective film coating is applied to the hardened products, after which they begin to water water. After 7 days, building materials acquires the so-called vacation strength, which makes it possible to use almost ready-made products in assembly work directly at the construction site. After 28 days from the moment of the fill of the liquid concrete, the total 100% strength of the material occurs.
It should be noted that block elements for the buildings foundations device, especially if they have been reinforced with metal reinforcement, should be reliably protected from the destructive effects of ground and precious water. To this end, they are, in particular, are covered with a waterproofing layer composed of composite mixtures based on bitumen and special hydrophobizers.
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The scheme of the use of FBS blocks during the construction of the foundation.
The use of continuous foundation blocks in modern construction and installation technologies has a number of advantages compared to traditional filling technology of concrete bases. Among the most significant and unconditional advantages are the following:
In general, the assembly reinforced concrete products under consideration have proven themselves in construction from the best side. However, despite the removal "track record", in the process of preliminary choice of continuous foundation blocks, it is still strongly recommended to request certificates of quality from the seller and compare their technical parameters recorded in the accompanying documentation with generally accepted standards.
http://youtu.be/bsrtmwm4tjw.
In this case, the consumer will be able to guarantee itself from the acquisition of poor-quality material that does not match the specified construction project. In the absence of a certificate of quality and technical characteristics from such a building material, it is better to refuse to immediately.
ostroyMaterialah.ru.
Any construction begins with the preparation of the foundation. Only the reliable foundation guarantees the strength and durability of the design. The use of FBS blocks is one of the most reliable and time-tested decisions both in the field of private and multi-storey construction.
The abbreviation is decrypted as a foundation wall block. Such products allow you to quickly erect a belt foundation for the supporting part of buildings and structures. The key advantage of the FBS is that these are ready-made products, therefore it disappears the need to wait 28 days required for the maximum strength concrete.
Immediately after laying the base, you can start the construction of walls, which significantly reduces the construction time.
Foundation wall blocks are used at the initial stages of construction. In particular, the products of this group are used in such cases:
Bookmark of composite belt foundations for private and multi-storey buildings.
Ground floors.
Technical buildings.
Unheard industrial facilities.
The FBS applies to the construction of wall structures, but there are void modules, the weight of which is much lower than the foundation (see below the species section).
The FBS blocks are made in accordance with the norms of GOST, therefore, there are symbols indicating the dimensions and technical characteristics of products. Numeric and letter notation are used for labeling.
F - reinforced concrete and concrete made of heavy concrete under the column (the so-called glass type);
FL is reinforced concrete concrete for a device of ribbon foundations;
FBS - concrete solid unarmented for the device of walls of basements, technical subliments and foundations;
BF is reinforced concrete belts made of heavy concrete for the construction of external and inner walls of buildings of industrial and agricultural enterprises;
FR - reinforced concrete metal concrete under three-stroke frames;
FBP - fundamental concrete wetty.
FBS - a foundation block wall.
12 - product length. In our case: 1 180 mm.
6 - Block width corresponding to 600 mm.
3 - Block height, 280 mm.
T - for the manufacture used brands of heavy concrete.
The last item is variable, varies depending on the type of raw material. In particular, the marking "P" and "C" may be used for clay and silicate concrete, respectively.
It is necessary to clarify that in the conventional notation, the block size is indicated in decimeters and are rounded for the convenience of perception.
To find out the exact length and height you need from the specified label to subtract 2 centimeters. This value is discharged to the thickness of the dissolved seam between the individual blocks.
According to the validations of GOST for the number 13579-78, blocks for the construction of basements and wall structures are divided into three categories. It looks like this:
FBS - monolithic products that are made from brand concrete. Compared with other types of blocks, they have high technical characteristics and durability. Production technology does not imply reinforcement products, except for the installation of mounting loops.
FBB - monolithic products, with the provided longitudinal neck, intended for launching engineering communications. They are manufactured according to the standard technology of FBS blocks.
FBP - lightweight blocks with a hollow structure. Products can be produced in different lengths and widths, but according to GOST there is a single length of length - 2 380 mm.
Knowing these features can be chosen blocks for any type of construction.
Considering that the main scope of application of concrete blocks is a ribbon foundation, where the key role is given to a dynamic compression resistance, the FBS is not made to be made from high-strength concrete. In particular, manufacturers use classes:
For FBS - M 200, which corresponds to the class of strength B15.
For claymzit blocks - M 50, which corresponds to the class of strength B3.5.
For silicate blocks - M 150, which corresponds to the class of strength B12.5.
These requirements are indicated in GOST standards number 13579-78.
The undeniable advantages of the FBS blocks can be expressed like this:
All products are manufactured according to the provisions of GOST, respectively, regardless of the manufacturer, standard sizes have.
FBS production implies strict control of the technological process, which ensures high strength and reliability of products.
Convenience of mounting and high construction speed: to lay the foundation and build the walls from blocks, you can literally in 2-3 days.
Simplicity. Installation of structures from blocks does not require special skills and knowledge in the field of construction.
Wide size row. This feature allows you to build structures with any level of geometric complexity.
Blocks are not demanding on operating conditions, so they feel great in any environment. In the manufacture, special additives are used that allow you to use blocks on wet soils.
The disadvantages include such moments:
When installing, it is imperative to use construction equipment, which increases the cost of work.
It is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing between the joints.
Concrete does not hold heat, so additional insulation will be required.
Monolithic foundation is much stronger than composite designs.
For the FBS there are several sizes that are necessarily complied with all manufacturers. Therefore, such standard parameters can be distinguished:
Length - 880/1 180/2 380 mm.
Height - 280/580 mm.
Width - 300/400/500/600 mm.
These sizes are characteristic of all serial blocks, regardless of the material used.
| Mark. | Dimensions, mm. | Mass, T. | Class concrete | Consumption of materials | |||
| L. | B. | H. | Concrete, m3. | Steel, kg. | |||
| FBS24.3.6. | 2380 | 300 | 580 | 0,97 | B7.5 | 0,406 | 1,46 |
| FBS24.4.6 | 2380 | 400 | 480 | 1,30 | B7.5 | 0,543 | 1,46 |
| FBS24.5.6. | 2380 | 500 | 580 | 1,63 | B7.5 | 0,679 | 2,36 |
| FBS24.6.6. | 2380 | 600 | 580 | 1,96 | B7.5 | 0,815 | 2,36 |
| FBS12.2.6 | 1180 | 200 | 580 | 0,32 | B7.5 | 0,133 | 0,76 |
| FBS12.3.6. | 1180 | 300 | 580 | 0,485 | B7.5 | 0,203 | 0,76 |
| FBS12.4.6 | 1180 | 400 | 580 | 0,64 | B7.5 | 0,265 | 1,46 |
| FBS12.5.6. | 1180 | 500 | 580 | 0,79 | B7.5 | 0,331 | 1,46 |
| FBS12.6.6. | 1180 | 600 | 580 | 0,96 | B7.5 | 0,398 | 1,46 |
| FBS12.2.3. | 1180 | 200 | 280 | 0,16 | B7.5 | 0,066 | 0,38 |
| FBS13.3.3 | 1180 | 300 | 280 | 0,24 | B7.5 | 0,100 | 0,38 |
| FBS12.4.3. | 1180 | 400 | 280 | 0,31 | B7.5 | 0,127 | 0,74 |
| FBS12.5.3. | 1180 | 500 | 280 | 0,38 | B7.5 | 0,159 | 0,74 |
| FBS12.6.3. | 1180 | 600 | 280 | 0,46 | B7.5 | 0,191 | 0,74 |
| FBS9.2.6. | 880 | 200 | 580 | 0,235 | 0,36 | ||
| FBS9.3.6 | 880 | 300 | 580 | 0,35 | B7.5 | 0,146 | 0,76 |
| FBS9.4.6 | 880 | 400 | 580 | 0,47 | B7.5 | 0,195 | 0,76 |
| FBS9.5.6. | 880 | 500 | 580 | 0,59 | B7.5 | 0,244 | 0,76 |
| FBS9.6.6. | 880 | 600 | 580 | 0,700 | B7.5 | 0,293 | 1,46 |
The mass of concrete blocks largely depends on the class of concrete and the size of the product. Take as the basis of the standard length, and withdraw the weight of the product. It looks like this:
Length 2 380 mm - the weight of the block varies within 0.97-1.96 tons.
Length 1 180 mm - the weight of the block varies in the range of 0.31-0.96 tons.
Length 880 mm - the weight of the block varies in the range of 0.35-0.7 tons.
The difference values \u200b\u200bis caused by the width of the product.
As already mentioned, the construction of composite structures from the FBS blocks does not require special skills and knowledge. Consequently, any person will cope with the performance of work, even in principle, not familiar with the technology of building residential and utility premises. It is enough to comply with a certain procedure that can be divided into three stages. Consider every more detail.
To find out how many blocks will be required to build the foundation, it is necessary to calculate the volume of planned work. To do this, multiply the length of the width and the height of the future foundation.
According to a similar scheme, the volume of one block is calculated. Then the foundation is divided into the volume of one block. The final digit will display the desired number of blocks. If the construction implies a complex geometric structure with various foundation thickness, calculations are made separately for each site.
Blocks are usually laid out on a sandy base, which is previously aligned and tamped. The thickness of such a pillow should vary in the range of 5-10 centimeters. Length and width: about 30 centimeters more planned construction.
Then execute the foundation breakdown on the axes using construction plumbing or laser pointers for this. The starting points are marked with metal pins that will serve as benchmarks.
The FBS is placed in a crane, first installing lighthouse blocks that will be on the corners, jumpers and intersections. The correct installation of beacons guarantees the exact geometry of the entire foundation. Then the rest of the first row blocks are stacked.
The accuracy of the installation is usually tested by the level, correcting the elements of the structure scrap. Then the blocks rise to height, applying the principle of brick masonry. A cement solution is laid between the rows, the foundation height can be equal to 5 blocks.
It should be noted that the installation of the FBS is not allowed to covered with snow or water with the soil.
Choosing the FBS blocks need to take into account several technical nuances, which will depend on the type of product. In particular, blocks are selected on the basis of such conditions:
Stability and type of soil.
The thickness of the eared walls and inter-storey floors.
Total mass of the structure.
Requirements for the strength of the foundation.
Total base area.
For example, wider blocks will be required for buildings on unstable soil. In addition, the depth of the FBS is not always identical to the thickness of the masonry. In particular, the block can perform 10 centimeters on one side or 6 if a two-sided protrusion is provided. It is important to understand that for the optimal shrinkage and durable bunch of seams, it is recommended to use different-dimensional blocks.
Concrete wall blocks are included in the product range of almost any concrete plant. However, in most cases, such products are flooded without compliance with the technological process. The diverse concrete is used as raw materials, which sometimes returns from construction objects. Therefore, when choosing products, you need to give preference to companies that specialize in the manufacture of FBS.
Among the verified manufacturers, such companies can be distinguished:
LLC TC "VIRA". The company is located in St. Petersburg, specializes in the production of ready-made products from concrete. The range has more than 400 items, including the FBS.
Master LLC. Dynamically developing production, which is located in the city of Voskresensk. Currently, the company offers about 370 product items, including wall foundation blocks.
OJSC "Plant of Industrial Construction Details". One of the largest enterprises in Russia, which is located in Surgut. The company operates in the construction industry over 45 years, is engaged in the production of finished products from concrete.
LLC "Aleksinsky Ceramzit Plant". The company is located in the Tula region, the city of Aleksin. The plant has been operating since 1985, offering customers not only ceramzite, but also wall foundation blocks.
LLC "Zlatoustovsky Plant". The company is located in the city of Zlatoust, offers customers a wide range of road plates, piles, fbs, panels, stairs, jumpers.
Choosing the products of these manufacturers, you can be sure that the products undergo multistage quality control, meet the requirements of GOST.
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The durability of the structure is determined by the quality of the foundation. This rule is main in the construction of buildings of any destination. Many modern bases are performed by national teams. To create them, the FBS blocks usually choose. Such products allow you to reduce the process of building the house, and also differ simplicity. When choosing the foundation blocks of the FBS, it should be borne in mind that the base should not only withstand the weight load of the structure, but also to distribute it to the ground as uniform as possible.
In the manufacture of such products, the 5579-78 GOST requirements are performed. If you do not observe them, it is possible to destroy the structure in the subsequent. FBS have a parallelepide form. They are made of heavy concrete. It must withstand the load at least 1800 kg per 1 cubic meter. This material is performed without voids. The concrete used for blocks should have a strength of more than B 7.5.
The quality of manufacturing FBS affects the characteristics of the future masonry. For example, if the geometry of products is inaccurate, the thickness of the joints will have to increase that it will negatively affect the waterproofing of the masonry. According to regulations, the permissible distance between the block surfaces should be in the range of 2-5 mm. If the surface of the product is dense and smooth, it does not crack under load and will not collapse during operation in a humid environment. To obtain high-quality blocks, concrete blanks are treated on vibrotoles.
There are several types of foundation blocks. Their main difference is in size. According to GOST, such products are performed with a length of 880 to 2380 mm. The width of such blocks is usually 280 or 580 mm. The first option is not popular. This is explained by the fact that such products have a low carrier load.
Block sizes are indicated in decimeters. They are rounded to more. For example, if the block is denoted 24.4.6, it means its dimensions are equal to 2380x400x580 mm. It is also marked with products and properties. The solid products are indicated by the letter "C". Such a product is the largest in the existing variant. The greatest mass of the concrete product of this kind is 1.96 tons.
In addition, it is important to consider that even the smallest blocks have a mass of 260 kg. This requires the use of special equipment to work with such blocks.
In some manufacturers, you can find a lighter concrete, having a labeling "T" (heavy). They are made of clay concrete.
The dimensions of the foundation blocks are important. They are taken into account together with the class of strength and the type of concrete used. Such characteristics affect:
the strength of the construction, which is built on such a foundation;
The selection of the sizes of individual elements is carried out depending on several indicators:
When the wall is important, it is important to know standard characteristics. It is better if about 4-5 elements leave for one wall. For example, for a design of 10 m long, it is better to use 4 designs of 24 dm than 8 to 12 dm.
When choosing the dimensions of the used blocks, the type of soil should be taken into account on which the building is satisfied. The more soil instability, the larger the FBS should be. For Suglinka and clay soils, it usually choose a product of 24 dm. For sandy soils use smaller products.
On the one hand, the wall can perform 10 cm. With double-sided speech on each side, 6 cm should be released. For this, different blocks are usually used. Due to this, it turns out an excellent bandage of each seam and quite dense styling. The foundation blocks that are manufactured according to GOST, due to high geometric parameters, with accurate laying can exclude the curvature of the base. They are a good landmark for masonry walls.
According to the standards of different branches, blocks that have a length, 40 and 60 cm are used to create structures of small dimensions. Many manufacturers implement blocks made of heavy concrete, which differ in size 40x20x20 cm. They are used mainly for wooden houses and buildings from foam blocks. Such elements of the foundation differ with low weight and high strength.
Some products can be called non-standard. Thanks to some of its characteristics, they are becoming increasingly popular. Such products are quite universal:
Products from heavy concrete are made. This ensures excellent strength of the foundation elements.
In Guest, which regulates the characteristics of FBS blocks, not only the dimensions and strength of products are normalized. Special documentation provides for taking into account the mass of products. It is necessary for quality control. This is explained by the fact that in conditions of construction, it is not possible to estimate the density of the material.
Mass of blocks are needed for optimal selection of loading equipment. In addition, the choice of funds transporting construction materials depends on this indicator. The FBS is usually transported using 10 or 20 tons.
The strength and durability of the foundation depends on many parameters, including the correct calculation of the number and dimensions of individual elements of prefabricated structures. As one of the most popular options for the foundation device is the creation of a base of concrete products.
For such structures, it is not necessary to build a formwork, and the high strength of the products is guaranteed by the technological features of their manufacture. Concrete in the process of creating is written and subjected to vibration.
During the construction of grounds on weak soils, the foundation blocks are installed on special pillows. Such products are plates in the form of a prism that can significantly reduce the load on the soil.
In addition to the device grounds for houses, such products are used in the construction of the overpass, ramps and fences. GOST, which regulates the conditions for manufacturing blocks, adopted in 1978.
FBS are the most sought-after. It is used for mounting both under the outer and the inner walls. There are several main types of blocks:
Standard products have a density of 2400 kg / cubic meters.
Such products are released only under the order. For this reason, at construction sites, they can be found quite rare. The main feature that distinguishes them from the FBS is a longitudinal cut, which is used to conduct engineering communications. Such designs are rather short - 88 cm. They may have a width of 40 o 60 cm in increments of 10 cm. The height of the products is 58 cm.
In the manufacture of FBS, as well as the FBS, concrete brands are used above 100 kg / kV. See Material must have frost resistance in 50 cycles. With reinforcement, steel of several classes are used.
Several basic advantages should be allocated, which explain the popularity of their use:
Such advantages ensure the reliability and durability of the foundation blocks.
The foundation designs are quite often used for the construction of civilian objects. The smallest of them (FBS-6.3.6) costs 500 rubles per 1 element. These elements are fair.
The same products that have a length of 1.2 m are implemented in the construction market at a price of 1000 rubles. Full-size products with a thickness of 30 cm and 2.4 m long sell for 2100 rubles.
The most popular among consumers are the FBS blocks that have a width of 60 cm. It is such a thickness thickness that is chosen to build residential buildings.
Products with voids are sold less actively. Such structures usually differ in price by 15% above full-scale structures. This can be explained by a greater complexity of filling such products.
Cutout blocks in factory catalogs are not presented. To get such a product, you have to do an individual order.
Quite often there are ads for the sale of used blocks. However, you should not focus on their low cost. It is better to consult with an experienced specialist. The Master will be able to competently assess the state of such blocks and will give advice regarding their acquisition.
Calculations of the number of necessary elements for the foundation are fairly simple. To do this, it will be necessary to determine the total volume of the foundation and with the volume of one element. In the process of calculations, you can get the desired number of building products of the specified parameters.
Do not think about the number of floors of the building. The factory block has sufficient strength to build a house from 5 floors on it. The soil condition is more critical for such a design. It is necessary to consider such a property of block structures as low monolith. Blank bases are performed with a plurality of seams, which affects its strength characteristics.
Before installing the FBS blocks on the bottom of the prepared trench, the reinforcement belt is mounted. It accounts for a large share of soil load during winter heating. When creating a high base, professionals are advised to perform a reinforced belt every 2 row of blocks.
The best for the foundation from blocks is such a base that is a ground from the sand of a large fraction. The aquifer in this case should lay down quite deeply. Since there are practically not to meet such conditions, in such cases block scarlet should be strengthened.
To create a high-quality base, you will need to plug the sand. This layer will perform the role of an aligning substrate. It usually has a thickness of 15 cm. For houses that build on problem soils to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe support, pillows from reinforced concrete are installed under the blocks.
According to certain standards, the installation of the base from the FBS blocks is prohibited if there is a layer of snow or water at the bottom of the trench. Move blocks should only be using underground equipment.
At first, block blocks at the corners of the future foundation. They are mounted in places where the inner walls are adjacent to the base. After they check them, the level should be pulled between these elements of the cord and set the intermediate elements along it.
Before starting the installation, all elements must be carefully cleaned. Concrete seal for seams is carried out by a shovel.
Given the characteristics of the foundation blocks, one can boldly choose them as a material to create a qualitative base. Such products are used for buildings of residential and industrial purposes.
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This view of the stern and bulky material hiding behind the PBS abbreviation (the foundation block wall) is and the direct sense of the cornerstone in the construction of buildings, industrial and residential premises. In the country construction, it is also widely used if only the owner himself has decided to cast the foundation on its own, using formwork.
The foundation blocks are elements of the collection of concrete. The rapid growth rates of production required the acceleration of the construction of factories, residential buildings. The technology of using blocks for laying foundations and reinforced concrete slabs for the rapid construction of the walls was justified.
This is quite durable and durable building material, resistant to environmental impacts. The strength of the FBS blocks is of particular importance, since They are laying at home - its foundation. Accordingly, the errors should not be the calculation of the load (voltage) should be extremely correct, because the block's marriage can lead to the collapse of the entire building.
There are several technologies for the preparation of concrete filler using:
In addition to concrete, plasticizers and reinforcements made of steel brand A1, A111 are used. The materials used will improve frost-resistant qualities and reduce the consequences of compression and pressure. At the output, the FBS unit must comply with the declared qualities reflected in GOST (13015-2003, 19804-91, GOST 13579-78, GOST 219240-88).
Traditionally, the blocks have a form of a rectangle, but today you can order such a form that the engineer designer engineer has conceived in his project. The most successful form has a height of 0.6 meters and a length of 0.9 to 2.4 meters. The blocks of such dimensions today are the most sought-after.
With dimensions are clear, but what is the brand? The foundation blocks are marked by the code abbreviation, in which the type of block and size "will be sewn".
Examples of brands:
Table 1 reflects the size of the blocks and their weight depending on the brand.
Buy FDBS foundation units for pocket not every country builder, but in housing, they are used everywhere. Give the table relevant for 2012 prices for blocks.
Getting Started to bookmark the foundation It is necessary to learn the composition of the soil on your site or invite professionals who will make an accurate conclusion to which depth is the installation of reinforced concrete blocks of the FBS. This material is certainly made taking into account any type of soil: a weakness, horizontal-movable soil, but you need to clearly know all measurements. For example:
Now you can often meet in garden partnerships Wooden houses from a log house on the foundations from the progress. Such horses are purchased for a scentual or simply find the oldest owners in the villages. At home disassemble and transported to their site. It remains to buy blocks, install them, and then add all the build on the brothers. A good option for an enterprising owner.
Depending on the project of the house, you can make the walls of the basement from the foundation blocks over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe pit.
All this can be done using blocks for the prefabricated structures of the foundations of a ribbon type. This type is ideal for solid walls. If you are going to build a mansion with columns, then there is no need to do without a collection of a glass type.
Some are unhappy with the lack of sealing of seams on the junctions between the blocks and refuse the FBS in favor of bulk foundations. While knowledgeing builders use waterproofing seals and are completely satisfied.
To install the foundation blocks, you will need an lifting crane, assistant and information that I tried to highlight in detail.
The most common and simple type of housekeeping for the house is the use of concrete blocks. The foundation blocks do not require formwork, and strength is caused by the factory method of manufacturing, by applying the processes of vibration and steaming the concrete mix. In addition to building grounds, the FBS blocks are used to arrange ramps, retaining walls, fences, overpass and platforms. A single regulatory document is GOST 13579, allowing the use of silicate mixtures of light-type silicate mixtures in the production of products at least 1800kg / 1m3.
FBS blocks are the foundation blocks of solid, which are bars of cubic shapes made from concrete mixture reinforced. The material is shown for use in the construction of a private low-rise type and building objects of various small forms, reduces the cost of projects and significantly increase the efficiency of building processes.
Important! When creating a foundation on a weak soil, for the redistribution of the load, the FBS blocks must be described on the "pillows", representing the type of plates of the prismatic type.
The benefits of the use of products can be called the following factors:
Tip! It is best to deal with the arrangement of the foundation from the FBS in the warm season, by choosing a period without rains.
Important! It is impossible to make independently blocks for the foundation. The lack of equipment for vibropressing will lead to a violation of the technological process and the product will not withstand the load.
Tip! Despite the huge assortment and dimensional row, the foundation units of the FBS have a considerable weight, therefore, for lifting products and installation in place, the technique will be required.
Today, the most popular material is the concrete block for the construction of a foundation, denoted by the PBS abbreviation. The cubic product is used both to create a bearing basis and for the arrangement of outdoor, internal, carrying wall panels. The GOST regulation standardizes the size of the entire model range:
Weight gradation depending on the dimensional gradations is 380-1960 kg, the density is 2400kg / m3.
And a little about other products that have some similarity with FBS products:
In accordance with GOST, the designation of product parameters is rounded up to 1 dm. So:
Important! Reinforced concrete cubes of factory manufacturers always have a pair of lyms made from a steel wire rod with a diameter of at least 12 mm. The loops are designed to facilitate assembly work.
In addition, the foundation blocks are selected by density and mass, there are many properties affecting the definition of the purpose of the material:
Deciphering the designations is quite simple: Number designations are the dimensions of the elements (DM): the first is the size of the length, the second - the width, the third - height. The size and weight of products provide for the use of the crane, winch, but manufacturers offer small-format blocks for the foundation 20 * 20 * 40 cm, which, as a rule, produces the same factory as large-format products. Production includes vibratory processes, while a solution of portland cement, clean sand and large aggregate is used, due to which the desired density of the solution is achieved.
Important! If the gravel type aggregator, the unit is called concrete if claymzite-occupy.
Little format blocks for the foundation on full and hollow:
Important! The convenience of work is provided with a small weight of the cubes - up to 40 kg, however, when you layout the foundation base, additional reinforcement is necessary, for example, an addition in the form of a reinforcement grid along a horizontal seam. In case of unreliability of the soil, the Armopois of the increased height is created.
To accurately determine the cost of blocks can only developer who will not be lazy to ring manufacturers and clarify how much such or other products costs. However, the approximate price gradations of the outline can be:
Important! The products offered in the markets, used to use - not the best option for the developer, despite the very attractive price. The presence of chips, other defects can be negatively affected by the quality and time limit of the finished structure. However, if it is planned to build a small format of a small format and there is an experienced developer, it will help determine block products with a minimum amount of flaws and it will be good savings on the purchase of building materials.
But to visually determine the quality, it is enough to check the products on:
And the last test is to reset the blocks from the same height - crumbled into the dug, the goods are explicitly with a violation of technology and the composition of raw materials. If chips are minimal, then the FBS is really good quality and this base will last incredibly long, the house will stand not one decade and will only please the quality of the foundation.
