Frames are usually called cheap houses, and relate to them with caution. In fact, economical, and elite housing is also erected in framework technology. Framework technologies in construction were used since time immemorial - these are half-timbered homes in Europe, and Mazanka in Ukraine. As the most quick-scale and economical frame houses used in the development of the American West, and as the most energy efficient - in the development of Siberia.
Principle frame technology It is that the framework, which is, anterorant-beam design, is erected from durable material - metal or wood, and the walls are filled with thermal efficient and inexpensive materials.
Previously, saman, clay, porous stone used in the walls, and today apply new materials that allow you to make the house even easier and warmer. At the same time, the main advantages of such a building remain unchanged: economy, heat efficiency, the speed of construction, the savings of the area due to the smaller wall thickness.
 | 1. OSB plate (OSP), base for outdoor decoration; 2. Controlling, forming ventilation gap; 3. Ventilation clearance; 4. Windproof in the form of a vapor-permeable membrane; 5. Fiberation insulation (basalt insulation); 6. Independent dual frame racks; 7. Parosolation; 8. Internal OSB plate (OSP); 9. Glk, base for interior decoration; 10. Layer of interior decoration. |
 | 1. Waterproofing, windproof film (diffusion membrane); 2. Heat insulation with a thickness of 150 mm.; 3. Sheet of OSP thickness 9-12 mm.; 4. Outdoor decoration of the walls of the house (block house, lining, imitation of timber, siding); 5. Coupling from bars 30x40 mm.; 6. Basic frame racks (ram 150x50 mm., With increments of 500-600 mm.); 7. Parosolation; 8. Sheet of OSP with a thickness of 9-12 mm.; 9. Interior wall decoration (plasterboard, lining). |
 | 1. Outdoor wall covering (Isoplaat, Isotex, with a sheet thickness of 25 mm.); 2. Outdoor doom (planed board with a thickness of 25 mm., In increments of 500-600 mm.); 3. Outdoor decoration of the walls of the house (block house, lining, imitation of timber, siding); 4. Basalt insulation thickness of 150-200 mm.; 5. Vaporizolation film; 6. Basic frame racks (70x195 mm ram., 500-600 mm.); 7. Inner casing of walls from an OSP, a thickness of 9-12 mm. |
 | 1. External finish of the house (block house); 2. Dome of bars (50x50 mm.); 3. Waterproofing, windproof film; 4. Sheet OSB-3 (OSP), thickness 12 mm.; 5. Stands of the main frame (ram 150x50 mm.); 6. Insulation with a thickness of 150 mm.; 7. Insulation 50 mm thick.; 8. Dome of bars (50x50 mm.); 9. Parosolation film; 10. Sheet OSB-3 (OSP), thickness 12 mm.; 11. Sheet of plasterboard with a thickness of 12 mm. |
Modern skeleton design - Multi-storey, if it is erected, knowledge, experience and care, which far from always inherent in builders are required. As a result, since the frame houses are very sensitive to the quality of construction, an incredulous attitude has been formed. Myths about their negative qualities do not consider.
Different types frame houses List from 30 to 100 years. This indicator depends on the quality of the frame and the insulation and their safety in the design.
To ensure the durability of materials, it is important to prevent moisture from entering the wall. The durability of the tree and metal under conditions of normal atmospheric humidity and with proper processing exceeds 100 years.
Weak link - insulation. The house with polystyrene foam insulation will serve at least 30 years. The use of a rigid mineral wool material will increase the service life of the building without repairing the wall to 60 years and more. However, these deadlines are justified with high-quality implementation of the house, when fasteners and protective films have a high degree of reliability, providing tightness of the structure for long years.
Metal frame is reliable and can carry serious loads
Significantly reduces the durability of the structure. Use for a raw wood frame. As the tree in the constructed house dries up, racks and beams change their geometry, the casing is disturbed, the slots appear on the joints, so it is necessary to carefully monitor the moisture content of the material for the frame (for this you can use a special device - moisture meter). The tree should be dried natural or artificial (vacuum drying) in the way.
Most often framework made of wood
Summary: Durability frame house 30-100 years, and depends on the quality of materials and works.
On the contrary, one of the most important merchandise of frame houses is the high energy-saving quality of the walls. They provide a layer of insulation with a thickness of 15-20 cm, located inside the wall between the frame racks. But insulation can be more serious - as in skew houses with increased energy efficiency ,.
Such a solution also levels the bridges of the cold, which occur in the location of the frame racks. The tree, although it has a relatively low thermal conductivity, but still greater than the thermal conductivity of the insulation. The heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall of the standard frame house without an outer insulation is 2.9 m * ° C / W, the design of the "shelter-insulation-insulation" - 3.4 m * ° C / W, and at home with an outer insulation of extruded polystyrene foam 5 cm thick - 4.7 m * ° C / W. The lowest value is already complied with the standards. In addition, the variation of the parameters of the insulation allows the use of the same structures as in the southern and in the northern regions.
Many manufacturers perform a trim from environmentally friendly cement-chipboard. In this case, CSP slabs with stone crumbs were used.
American Frame House Lesson
After the Second World War, tens of thousands of American families moved to the suburbs. This happened thanks to the construction of the houses of the framework design, which were worth several times cheaper than traditional stone. The author of the idea was the builder and businessman Bill Levitt. The first town of Levittown (named as later in his honor) was built in 50 kilometers from New York. "Construction of the Century" began in July 1947 and after three months later the first young families moved to new homes, and then came 100-150 newcomers per week.
In four years, the company has built 17 thousand houses under New York. Levitta was accused of building tonsils, which in a few years break down. But at home justified itself and stood for a long time: about a thousand of them are still exploited. Levitt organized the factory production and conveyor in construction: already ready-made blocks of the house were delivered to the assembly site, builder brigades were narrowly specialized. The house could buy almost everyone (60 years ago they cost 8 thousand dollars). The idea of \u200b\u200bLevitta led to a revolution in world housing construction.
Summary: The frame house is quite warm.
The concept of walls in all frame houses are really the same: between the frame racks there is a heater, protected from the inside of a vapor barrier film, with an outer-waterproofing superdiffuse (transmitting pairs) membrane. On both sides of the frame and the insulation are protected by rigid trim, different: oriented chipboard (OSP, OSB), cement-chipstones (CSP), waterproof, drywall sheets (GKC). Similarly, overlaps are arranged.
However, different types of buildings have significant differences in the methods of construction, materials and nuances of the structure. Frame houses are prefabs, since they are mounted from pre-manufactured structures, which are brought to the construction site. The design of structures must be factory - this approach will ensure the accuracy of the size and completeness of the elements. At the same time, the assembly technology of the house may be different:
assembly on the construction site
At the pre-prepared foundation, the framework of the walls is set, they are squeezed, filled with insulation, protected with insulation. In the same way, overlaps, the roof is collected from the harvested elements, then the windows, doors, etc., are installed on the construction site - 3-12 weeks. Work requires thoroughness and strict compliance with the installation requirements - to control this by a non-specialist is difficult.
factory assembly (frame-boiled houses)
The assembly of walls and floors of the house is made in the factory conditions on special technological lines, and already brought to the construction site. They are varying degrees of readiness: from the collected frame structure to completely finished wall panels (with inserted windows and built-in engineering communications), multilayer slabs of overlaps and even roofs. The prefabricated elements must correspond to the design dimensions with an accuracy of a millimeter, and on the construction site they only fasten them among themselves.
The box is erected within 3-7 days depending on the complexity of the project. In a large extent, the quality of the structure depends on the factory work. Therefore, the company supplies prefabricated structures should have an impeccable reputation: then the building will be reliable. Collect the house should specially trained brigade. However, the kit along with detailed instructions can supply the customer for self-assembly. This practice is found in both foreign and domestic frame construction. Houses differ in the framework of the frame:
Wooden frame
Make from the board, one-piece or glued bar (which is the most durable, high-quality and expensive), as well as a wooden 2-way beam (wood + osp + wood). Standard cross section of the rack - 50 x 150 mm. The durability and strength of the house depends on the quality of the tree. The main requirement is the humidity of the sawn timber should not be higher than 18%. Houses with wooden frame are most common.
Metal carcass
Perform from profiles of various configurations collected on bolts. They must have an anti-corrosion coating (be galvanized or painted). The metal frame allows you to arrange large spans of overlaps and openings in the walls (only the frame of the glued timber can be compared with it).
Other differences between frame houses consist in the features of the wall design. Materials, thicknesses and the number of layers of insulation, plating, vapor and waterproofing, the design of overlappings (on beams, farms or panels) can be different. Thus, the generalized name "Canadian houses" does not describe the entire variety of frame structures.
These types can be distinguished:
Summary: Frame houses are distinguished by design, assembly technology and heat engineering properties.
Insulation, which are used in the walls of frame houses, must ensure thermal insulation of the house not lower than the normative layer with a layer thickness of about 15 cm (this figure is determined by the size of the frame cross section).
These requirements are:
mineral (basalt) wool (sufficient thickness - 15 cm). This material also has good sound insulation qualities. The insulation plates should be rigid so that over time their shrinkage and the reduction of energy efficiency of the walls of the house occurred. Basalt Wat is the most common insulation in skewhouse houses.
Mineral Wat - one of the most popular insulation
foamed P. eneopoluretan. (PPU), sufficient thickness 10-12 cm). This is a durable, hard material. His drawback is that during the fire it highlights a poisonous smoke, so in the wall it should be insulated with a trim (which just corresponds to the design of the frame house). Polyurethane foam is used in some types of framework shield houses factory manufacture.
extruded expanded polystyrene foam Apply as an additional insulation (layer thickness - 3-10 cm). Put it on the outer bedding of houses to give them increased energy efficiency. This is a high-quality, durable, dear material, it is used in the frame houses of the premium class.
ekwata. - Heatel from cellulose (thickness 20 cm). The material is a homogeneous mass resembling cotton. When the walls are insulation, it is covered between the trim or moisturize and apply on a warmed surface using blowing equipment. With a moist application method, the material, frozen, is tightly grasped with the structures (due to the lignin - wood glue present in it, natural binding). To reduce the flammability, the EcoWhat includes antipyrenes.
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walker Wat. - insulation for houses with elevated environmental requirements (thickness - 16-20 cm). It has the shape of rigid plates in which the binding thin fibers of cellulose is natural wood resin.
Another type of eco-friendly insulation - reed (caressing) mats and slabs .
The effectiveness of thermal insulation material for a frame house is made up of several aspects:
These criteria correspond to plates from mineral wool - non-combustible material, which is especially important to ensure fire safety Wooden frame houses. High-quality stoves from stone wool are not burning, they do not emit smoke and flaming droplets, in addition, they serve as excellent acoustic insulation. Mineral wool is a hydrophobic (almost not absorbing moisture) and plus it does not absorb moisture from the air. The main raw materials in the process of producing this insulation are basalt and gabbro. Molten rocks at a temperature of 1400 ° C are subjected to separation on fibers, forming stone wool. Thermal insulation products from this material when right mounting and operation are capable of listening over 50 years. The insulation in the frame design should be laid tightly to the racks (the versius is installed), there should be no gaps between thermal insulating plates. Depending on the type of frame design, steam barrier and windproof may be required.
Feature frame wall - Its low thermal inertia (the ability to accumulate heat, and then gradually give it). High inertia inherent in brick, concrete, less - wood, so the cold house with stone walls heats up slowly, and when the heating is turned off, slowly cools. In a frame wall, except for wood, a significant part of the mass is a heater, which heat does not accumulate. This means that the house with frame walls is quickly heated, since it is not consumed heat for heating the wall, but also quickly cools when the heating is turned off. Low thermal inertia is not positive or negative quality, but it must be taken into account.
Walls with high thermal inertia smoothes daily fluctuations in temperatures, and in the house with frame walls they will be more pronounced. In winter, they will have to be smoothed by the dynamism of the heating system (its ability to quickly heat up when turned on and cool when it is turned off, which is more inherent in electrical systems). But from a low-cost wall will never have a cold and dampness. And if necessary, the thermal inertia of the frame house as a whole can be enhanced by the use of a reinforced concrete foundation plate (which is very convenient when erecting such buildings), more solid finishing (for example, when used in the trim two layers of HCL).
This is the proportion of truth - the brick is stronger, but it's hardly a thieves to break the wall when it is much easier to climb the house through the window or the door. The design of the standard wall of the frame house is similar to the roof design and has about the same thickness. However, it's not easy to destroy it. OSP, which the house is cited outside, the stronger the wood array of similar thickness due to its multi-layer structure. Even stronger CSP. The covering along with the frame gives the wall with the necessary rigidity and stability.
Especially high strength (due to the rigid interconnection of the layers) is the wall from the factory manufacturers and walls of houses with several layers of insulation. The strength of the house itself is also sufficient. Many foreign technologies are designed for seismic sustainability up to 7 points. In addition, due to the ease of construction, frame houses without amplification can be built on soils with a small bearing capacity, without fear of distortion and cracks.
Summary: Frame houses are durable and resistant to natural cataclysms, but against a person who is firmly intended to break the wall, he may not resist.
The finished panels can be ordered for self-assembly, but better if a team of professionals will occur
For frame houses, it is most often used, or foundations. Savings are achieved due to the smaller consumption of materials, a small volume of land and mounting work. The foundation is the basis of the house, and its construction should be taken particularly carefully. If the customer is not confident in the high professionalism of the builders, he can monitor the quality of execution, referring to the drawings. The miscalculation of the foundations and the manufacture of work drawings performs a professional designer. In the documentation, the Customer will find in detail the necessary plans, species, cuts, specification, material intensity.
When using factory concrete, it is necessary to require a certificate from builders or suppliers to imported material. Must correspond to fixed in the drawings. When using fittings, it is necessary to check whether its diameter and the linking method of the specified constructor corresponds. You can also take photos of various stages when the foundation device and consult with other professionals.
For houses with wooden frame and wood slabs, fire-fighting breaks should be more
In fact, in any house, a healthy microclimate provides only ventilation, regardless of the material of its walls. The myth is based on an erroneous idea that brick walls breathe - pass through itself excessive moisture. However, according to experts, the diffusion of steam through the vaporonic wall is insignificant compared to its accumulation in the residential premises. In old houses, including brick, ventilation provided slots in the windows and doors, underground and in the attic.
However, the energy efficient structure, regardless of whether the stone or frame, should have hermetic structures. Fresh air in the house provides efficient with mechanical exhaust. Her project should be as part of the plan of each frame house. To ventilation does not reduce the heat efficiency of the house, it is desirable to have in the system. In addition, natural ventilation should be envisaged - the windows in each room should be opened.
Summary: In a frame house, equipped with a mechanical exhaust ventilation system, even with the winds closed will always be fresh air.
Most frame houses meet the requirements of environmental friendliness, and many of them have relevant European certificates. A tree or metal from which the framework is made belong to the most environmentally friendly of well-known materials. Stone wool, which, as a rule, is used in frame houses, is positioned as neutral, not harmful to health material (although there are different opinions on this). The polystyrene foam used in the most economical buildings at temperatures below 85 ° C is also not dangerous, in addition, in the wall it is completely isolated from the inner space with the trim. Inside the walls, the GLCs are crushed, the environmental friendliness of which does not cause doubts, or OSP, 95% consisting of wood (the percentage of harmful binding resins is reduced to a minimum). Insulating films in the composition of the wall are environmentally neutral. Overlapping in frame houses are performed on wooden beams, partitions - based on a wooden frame.
Of course, if the frame house is too cheap, the likelihood of the use of poor-quality materials, dangerous for the health of materials. But such a danger may occur not only in the construction of frame houses. In any case, if you doubt as components, require environmentally friendly certificates and conclusions of the SES.
Summary: As part of the designs of a high-quality frame house there should be no materials that are harmful to health.
To date, there are three technologies for building prefabricated frame houses: 1) frame, 2) panel and 3) frame-panel (Canadian). They differ from each other with nuances of construction. In the first case, enveloped structures and inner partitions (walls) are mounted on the erected frame. With panel house-building, the walls of the house do not need additional strengthening, as they themselves are carriers.
Canadian Framework House Building Technology It is a certain symbiosis of the first two, since applicable, being carriers, are additionally enhanced by a wooden frame. The main structural elements of frame houses are a tree and its derivatives, or rather an OSP. Regarding the ecology of the OSP there was a lot of disputes. At the very beginning of these plates, manufacturers were used by formaldehyde-based adhesive composition, but after long research, a more successful solution was proposed that meets strict standards and environmental requirements. As a result, now we have eco-friendly and comfortable for living frame-panel houses.
In such buildings, all carrier elements of walls and roofs should have fire retardant treatment. It is also desirable to be sewn from the effects of high temperatures with leaf or slaughter materials. It is precisely the trim from CSP and GLC - non-combustible materials. The casing of two layers of GLC will increase the limit of the fire resistance of the design for 30 minutes (and at the same time will improve the sound insulation of the wall). And in general, the limit of fire resistance structures of frame houses is 30-60 minutes, which meets the standards and should be reflected in the manufacturer's certificate. Also, fire safety requirements should be taken into account when placing a house on the site. Between frame buildings requires a greater fireproof distance than between stone.
Summary: The degree of fire resistance of frame houses is lower than stone, to increase their fire safety, wooden structures are treated with antipirens and used DM internal trim Two layers of GLC.
Indeed, each company that builds frame houses has in its disposal in detail of the designed typical projects, the designs of which are included in the factory production programs. But if necessary, the company's project bureau is developing an individual project or adapts under frame structures The one that already has the customer. The construction of the house in this case will cost more than a typical project for which the production of structures has already been established at the factory. In addition, more time will take place from the start of design until the end of construction.
Summary: The frame house can be built both by typical and by an individual project.
In our country, some developers still relate to the skeleton structures. We are accustomed to the fact that the house should be built "on the century" and from massive materials, the prevailing buildings seem too unreliable. The hard and durable metal frame as a supporting structure allows you to switch to new construction technologies, while remaining faithful to the traditions of the thoroughness.
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The finished frame house, built on the basis of the metal frame, is outwardly not different from the buildings from other materials.
Metal frame also has a number of other advantages. So, it can withstand heavy loads, such as beautiful, but at the same time a rather heavy natural ceramic or cement-sand tile. The metal also provides the stability of the geometry of the house (the wooden structure of poorly dried and unprocessed raw materials can be a story, and additional training is spending that construction companies are trying to avoid). Metal also wins in the plan of firebreaks. Some customers are afraid that metal carcass It will be cold or start rust. But this is just a myth - metal is closed with a sufficient layer of heat and waterproofing, so as not to freeze and serve for many years.
This cannot be agreed. The frame house is only the technology of construction. And its appearance depends on the finishing and architectural qualities of the project. The decoration is used as for houses from stone materials: plaster, painting, ventilated facade with the use of siding, block house, etc. It is also possible to facing walls with brick, and the base of the stone (the wall is not recommended to separate the wall). In architecturally, the project of the frame house does not differ from the projects of buildings from stone materials, and almost any of them can be recycled for frame structures. Thus, the frame house may have a completely representative view.
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Built on framework technology at home may look modern and representative.
There are almost no restrictions in the interior design: you can apply any finishing finish to drywall, except, except, heavy materials, such as a stone. However, the architecture of frame buildings really have features. The frame allows without additional constructive triggers to create large open spaces in the interior, arrange wide windowsthat even with small areas creates a feeling of space in the house. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe low-cost framework of the frame structure was due to the fact that the cup of all they are built if necessary to save. However, in foreign practice, frame houses often refer to objects of modern, progressive architecture: an eco-friendly, economical and easy.
Summary: The frame house may look beautiful and solid.
The cost of construction of a frame house ranges from 150 to 1200 $ / m². Such a wide range is due to various technologies and the possibility for the customer of the degree of readiness of the construction: from the acquisition of a set of the house for an independent construction before turning turnkey. Within the framework of the same technology, cost fluctuations are possible depending on the materials used. For example, a house with a frame of glued bar is more expensive than from the array. It matters material insulation and trim, etc. Houses with insulates from polystyrene foam is cheaper than from basalt wool, an insulating of an OSP is cheaper than from CSP.
With additional insulation, the cost of the house will increase. Some technologies use import energy efficient windows and doors, especially reliable membranes, which also increases the cost of construction. But in general, on consumption of material and labor intensity, frame walls are most economical. This is due to the smaller volume of the foundation and walls, as well as with a lower price of the insulation compared with massive materials.
The cost of 1 m² of a standard frame wall with a thickness of 20 cm 1.3 times cheaper than the walls from the bar, 1.7 times - from the foam concrete blocks and 2.2 times - from the brick (with the same energy-saving ability and different thickness of the walls required for it achievements). But too low, the price should be alert: perhaps the carcass tree will not be insufficiently dry, the casing is minimal thickness, etc. It should always be ensured as structures and materials for assembling at home. Reliable quality indicator - certificate of compliance with European standards (construction, energy-saving, environmental), as well as a guarantee provided by the company (for the highest quality frame houses, it is 30 years old). One of the benefits of frame construction is the transparency of investment and accuracy of the estimate. The cost of the kit of the house is determined individually after the development of the project and then does not change.
Summary: The range of 1 m² of frame houses varies from the cheapest to elite.
Warm i. inexpensive housewhich can be erected in one season - the dream of any owner. It is these requirements that the framework housework is responsible. Small weight of all constructive elements It allows you to do without attracting lifting and other special techniques, and modern thermal insulation materials make frame houses suitable for life even in conditions of harsh northern winters. But it's a little known how to build a frame house, you need to observe all the requirements of technology and take into account the phased features of the construction of the structure. We were asked about all the nuances of the frame house building, to tell the specialists of the city of houses.
Finished view of a frame house Source PREMIUM-SK.ru.
In order for the end result of construction, it is not disappointed, before the construction you need to familiarize yourself with the simple rules:
Professional brigade builds a frame house in a short time Source Analytspectr.ru.
Technology construction frame house - phased workwhich in itself will help save the budget funds. Therefore, you should not save on building materials.
Two groups of factors that affect the place of the future at home have a recommendatory and obligatory nature.
The latter include:
For right choice The location of the house must be taken into account by many factors Source Goroddomov.ru.
To comply with all rules and choose the most suitable place It is necessary to contact the design organization.
A strong foundation is a pledge of a durable and durable house. For framework buildings, the foundation of one of the species is usually built:
In the first case, they will first be carried out earthworks to be where to fill the foundation, then formwork is made and the reinforcing frame is laid out in it.
The second stage is the fill of concrete. Technologically properly to do this for one reception, but the layer-by-layer fill is allowed. As the formwork is solidified, it is removed - the foundation must gain strength within 30 days. After that, waterproofing works are carried out, and the assembly of the lower strapping begins.
Scheme belt Fundament For a skeleton house Source Goroddomov.ru.
The pile foundation, in turn, is considered one of the most budget and faster-free.
The pile is a thick metal pipe, the end of which is equipped with a helical blade. They are tightened to the ground they are involved in the involvement of special equipment. There are some types of scoring piles, but they are rarely used.
What are the pros and cons of the pile of the screw foundation? Is it possible to make a high-quality foundation for a little money? Read more in Stock Footage:
Piles - recently appeared in the domestic market an innovative way to edit the foundation. Therefore, while he enjoys distrust of consumers. However, the correct installation in compliance with all requirements will ensure the reliability of the construction and long service life.
To protect the strapping from moisture exposure to the bottom, referenced or hydroizol is placed on the foundation. Can be used bituminous masticBut it will be more expensive than rolled material. Sometimes materials are combined: once the foundation is covered with mastic, and the waterproofing is stacked on top.
Assembling a frame house begins with strapping. For it, boards section 15x5 cm or 15x15 cm beam are used. The boards are stacked around the perimeter and aligned at the outer edge of the foundation. In the right places drill holes under the heels. The second layer of boards is stacked in such a way as to overlap the lower joints of the boards. This gives the design additional strength. Easier and faster installation of timber, but the price is higher than the boards. In addition, the overall bearing capacity of the double board will be higher than that of one bar.
So look like fixed lags Source Goroddomov.ru.
A 20x5 cm board is installed on the strapping on the edge. It is also leveled on the outer edge of the foundation and is attached by self-drawing. Lags are mounted from the boards of the same section. Must with self-draws or special corners. Installation step - 30-60 cm.
Important! The greater the length of the lags, the less step. This will ensure a uniform distribution of the load on the overlap, minimizes the deflection of the lag and will exclude the effect of "Batability".
The next stage is insulation. It is important to choose a qualitative insulation.
Shakes with lags are surely close to sealing materials. Source 9Dach.ru
Important! It is undesirable to use foam. It refers to flammable materials, respectively represents an increased danger to wooden structures. Most often for heat insulation, stone wool plates are used.
For the device of the draft floor, a cutting board is used 10x2.5 cm. A plywood is stacked on top of it with a thickness of 0.5-0.6 cm. You can put plywood sheets immediately without flooring from the boards. In this case, the thickness of the sheets should be at least 1.5 cm. This option is faster, but in some cases more expensive. Like brickwork, plywood is stacked. The interval of several centimeters between the sheets compensates for the expansion while increasing air humidity.
On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most popular projects of frame houses from construction companiespresented at the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
There are two construction schemes of the frame house:
The first method is usually used on factories for the production of modules of frame-panel houses. In some cases, the assembly on the floor is easier than immediately on the spot, but the resulting design will have a considerable weight, therefore several people need to raise it and install.
Installation of the already assembled wall Source serbet.edg.access.ly
Even one person can immediately collect elements vertically. This method is slower, but will help to avoid inaccuracies in size - the details are collected "in place".
To calculate the step, there are special formulas in which the load on the design is taken into account. But in practice, most often the step between the racks depends on the width of the insulation. The distance between them should be a few centimeters less than the insulation. This will provide a dense adjacent to the racks and the preservation of heat.
There are two options for assembling the frame: on the self-tapping screw or nails.
Depending on the type of external sheat, they make constant or temporary covers. If the outer part is shifted by sheet material with sufficient strength - it will give additional stiffness of the design and the permanent bumps will not need.
If the outer decoration is tough - such an option is possible to install voids Source Doma-Vmoskve.ru.
If the finishing material is typical - siding or lining, then the installation of constant shapes will be required.
Special attention requires installation of angular racks. The technology is simple, but simply the installed vertical bar can freeze. Therefore, in the construction of frame houses, a warm angle is used.
Mounted vertically racks are fixed by hide Source Goroddomov.ru.
If a smaller lumber is used or the hosts additionally want to insulate the angular elements, then several options are possible:
Ceiling beams are attached to the upper strapping by the method of writing or metal corners. Word should not exceed 50% of the thickness of the topping bar of the upper strapping. The cross section and the beam step depends on the purpose of the second floor.
For the convenience of working to the overlap, the draft floor is laid from the board of 10x2.5 cm. This will facilitate movement and makes the job more secure.
If the house assumes a single-storey construction, then the upper beams are mounted with 30 centimeter release per frame wall. This is done for attaching rafters.
Fastening beams Source Goroddomov.ru.
An important stage of construction of a skeleton house, like on any other technology - choose type and installation of the roof. Frame construction is positioned as fast construction. Therefore, most often choose the usual two-tie design. In compliance with all the rules of construction, the roof of the frame house can be built by any configuration and complexity, but it will require more time.
For a good snow, the bias of the roof should be more than 28 degrees, but should not exceed 50 degrees - the wind load increases for such a roof.
For the construction of the rafter, the boards 20x5 cm are taken with a length of 6 m. Of the two boards, the first pair of rafters is assembled and installed on the edge of the frame. The same pair is installed on the opposite side. Between two pairs of rafters from two sides, cords are stretched to control the roof plane. Over them is exhibited by the rest of the rafters. The step between them varies from 60 to 80 cm, depending on the selection of the insulation. For strengthening, wooden beglings are used in cross section 20x5 cm. They fasten a couple of rafted like the letter "A".
How to make a truly skeleton system, shown in the video material:
The nature of the crate depends on the selected roofing material. It can be a soft tile, a professional flooring or a metal tile. The restriction will be the weight of the roofing material. For example, the use of clay or clinker tiles is not recommended - high weight will create an additional load on the frame of the house.
Frame house with balcony Source Vash-Remontik.ru.
Frame house with classic German exterior trim Lesstroy.net source
Original frame house with a small roof slope Source All-companies.ru.
Frame house with a veranda and broken roof Source Kraust.ru
Two-storey frame house factory assembly source mebel-go.ru
Construction of a skeleton house in winter Pinterest.ca source
Frame house with a 4-stranded combination roof CDD.su source
The frame house is a technology that is only gaining popularity in domestic house-building. Small construction deadlines and savings are essential advantages over other ways to build. But the technology of the construction of a frame house will require strict compliance with all technological processes and construction stages, which will allow to assess its merits to the full.
Additionally
The exhibition of houses "Low-rise Country" expresses sincere thanks to the specialists of the city of houses for help in creating a material.
The city of houses is its own design department, quality assurance and the use of verified and favorable solutions In construction country houses and cottages.
The houses are called frame, because their basis is a frame of BRUSEV, which is trimmed by plywood or OSB-plates.
The birth of the frame houses on this technology began in Germany, but they acquired a major scale in Canada and America. In Russia, the construction of framework houses began to be actively being built in the 50s, when the war ended.
The weight of "sander" less than the houses from the bar, and even more so brick or foam blocks. Therefore, the foundation is used lightweight, and hence inexpensive: columnar, tape, pile-screw.
After laying the foundation, the lower strapping is made, the floor beams of the overlapping are mounted and vertical racks are installed from a carefully dried and processed vessels. Then the upper strapping is mounted, the ceiling beams of the overlapping are stacked, after which the rafter system is erected.
When the roof is made and closed with roofing material, the walls of the house are trimmed with plywood or OSB-stove from the inside and outside. Next is the insulation of the frame house. The insulation is stacked between the plates: mineral wool or polystyrene foam and protected by a layer of hydro and vaporizolation. At the same time, the "assembly" of the floor is made.
At the end there is an external and interior decoration. Then you can perform other works: carry out electricity, etc.
Calculate in the built house can be immediately, as there is no shrinkage.
Now there are 2 directions of construction of frame houses: frame-shield and frame-frame. Consider separately each of them.
It is worth noting that the frame houses also differ in the device beams, jumpers, the type of roof and other features of the structural elements. All this amounts. There are differences in the number of floors.
After you raise the frame, you need to do the roof of the house. What materials it is better to use for this purpose will help. In the construction market there are several diverse technological solutions Construction of frame houses. Each of them provides the use of certain materials that determine the cost of the project.
The convenience of frame-shield technology is that the house in the literal sense is "going" in production, ranging from the frame, finishing the roof and inter-storey overlap.
At the design stage, the necessary dimensions are set by the elements of the future at home, after which the manufacturer proceeds to implement the plan. When the shields (panels) are ready, they are delivered to the "truck" to the construction site.
All elements of the frame-panel house already have the necessary markup and holes and are even insulated.
Benefits of frame-shield houses
Frame-boiled houses have many advantages:
Disadvantages of frame-shield houses
There are several drawbacks associated with frame-shield houses.
First, it is the need to attract a truck to deliver shields to the construction site and crane for loading-unloading, as well as their subsequent erection. The weight of the panels is impressive, they cannot be lifted manually. For the rental of equipment will have to pay a certain amount.
Secondly, you will not have to make reloading at home. However, this desire rarely arises.
Thirdly, if the "carcass" was not "on the mind", then its strength and durability will suffer greatly. Therefore, the main condition for construction is the execution of "conscience".
Houses on this technology are built on the construction site. The whole process can be controlled. You will know which materials were used, as stacked, as worked out.
If we talk about the independent construction of a skeleton house, then the framework technology is the only process that can be safely implemented with your own hands. By and large, such a house differs from the shield in that the manufacturing and installation of panels are combined. At first, the unintended framework is made and mounted, and only after that the resulting design is insulated and the sheet material is like an OSP.
Frame (frame) can be not only wooden. Often used metal frame.
Benefits of frame-frame houses
The benefits of such houses include:
The disadvantages include:
Frame houses quickly became popular not only in our country. They are erected in a short time, do not require huge cash costs, they have good performance characteristics, are environmentally safe. Consequently, according to one of the above technology, it is not difficult.
Walls of this house consist of a frame, outside and inside the trimmed finishing materialsbetween which the insulation is located. It is from the insulation that the energy-saving characteristics of the building will depend. We are talking about how to warm the frame house correctly.
It is not worth it, however, forget that both skewroom houses have certain disadvantages that are not recommended to ignore. Partially the advantages and disadvantages of carcass houses by type of construction were considered. However, the main disadvantages and pluses of frame houses are considered.
Frame houses are a great opportunity for many people to have their home and enjoy life!
Frame-frame house
The construction of frame houses in our country is becoming more and more popular. All new technologies are part of such buildings, and does not matter what technology the house is built - Finnish or Canadian. This article tells how to build a house of a frame type with your own hands, as well as each stage of building such a category building.
The frame house is a structure based on the framework. In general, this is understandable from the name. By itself, the framework is the basis and peculiar "skeleton" of such a construction. The frame is installed on a pre-prepared foundation, after which it is trimmed with special panels. It is insulated and built roof. After completing all these steps at the output, a finished house is obtained.
It should be noted that the frame houses first appeared in the FRG, and then the wave of their popularity was overwhelmed by Canada and the United States. Just for this reason, there is not one framework for the construction of a skeleton house - Canadian, Swedish German and so on. On the territory of the USSR, such houses began to be built back in the 50s of the twentieth century. And since that time, interest in buildings of this type has grown substantially and continues to grow in a large pace.
Like all buildings, frame houses have advantages and disadvantages.
If we talk about the benefits, it should be noted:
There is also no need to make a tie of the floor, because the floor is already initially ready for finishing. Saving time and money is also evident.
Noting all the benefits of these houses, it is impossible not to say about some of the shortcomings:
As you can make sure, the benefits of this type of houses are significantly more than the flaws, which means to make a choice in favor of exactly such a building is a fairly good solution.
All other options can be either with minor changes of such houses, or are the combination of various solutions. Now we will tell about each of the above options.
Frame-panel houses are usually produced at the factory. For the project, the frame is first made, after which the panels, overlap between floors and even the roof. Each element gets the necessary markup and all the necessary holes. In essence, this is a kind of designer. When the set of the house is ready, it is simply delivered to the construction site, where its immediate installation is already beginning.
Such technology is very simple, but in order for the house to be as high quality and durable, all the rules and norms of its construction should be observed.
If we talk about frame-frame or Canadian houses, then you must immediately say about the so-called sip-panels. They are a structural insulating panel, which is a heatel in the frame of the sheets of OSP. This option is an enhanced version of panels for frame-shield houses. The structure of this type will be erected by the technology "platform".
Three layers of such a panel are connected to each other using a bar according to the "spike-groove" option using polyurethane foam-based adhesive. Polyurethane foam is also used in the production of sip panels, which is a rather highly efficient insulation. In order to increase strength, the above-mentioned layers are pressed.
It should be immediately said that high-quality sip-panels can be made only in factory conditions.
Another option of houses is made by german technology. In essence, this is one of the options for using the platform method. This technology implies laying in shields of thermal insulation and communications. The installation of windows, the assembly of overlapping and primary wall decoration is carried out. All this is done only in the factory conditions. A rather serious disadvantage is the need to use lifting mechanisms.
If we talk about the framework-framework construction method, then it has a significant difference from the panel: the carcass assembly of the house goes on the construction site in the form of a frame that are not trimmed. Only when the installation of the design is completed, its skin begins and insulation begins.
Such houses are the best solution for those who want to build a house on their own. The advantage of such houses is that the owner sees completely, from which the house is being done, how work is carried out and the assembly is carried out.
It should be noted that The frame of the house can be completed optional from the tree.Now popular metal frames made from light steel thin-walled structures and so on.
The use of this technology makes it possible to realize the most interesting architectural plans not only at the initial stage, but later, if you suddenly need to redevelop.
Another type of houses, which is erected in German technology is a feather-beam, or a front. This technology is quite many years, and it involves the construction of houses from sections. They are made from horizontal beams, vertical racks and windows. The Fekhora feature is that the framework with beams does not hide behind the trim, and just endured from the outside of the house. The framework of the frame is made from a thick bar, which has a cross section 100 or 200 per 200 millimeters.
The space between beams and racks is fill in certain materials. Previously used blocks of straw and clay. Now they use brick, OSP plates, global material and so on.
In our conditions, it is not worth doing this type of house, as the designs will need quite serious insulation. But this species has a rather original look.
And the last type on which attention should be stopped is frame-rack designs. Such houses with an uncut runoff are also called Finnish. They are like a house that are made by swedish technology. One-piece vertically spaced racks that pass through two floors are the main element of the frame. In order to ensure the high strength of the design, the racks must be installed strictly vertically.
The floors between the floors are installed on the supporting boards that were embedded in the beams. The continuous racks are tightened by the lags of overlaps, the design becomes tight. This type of construction is characterized by the fact that the vertical racks perform the role of piles. It is on them the main load. You can also enhance rigidity using horizontal beams.
The creation of a design begins with the development of a competent project. The drawing with the size of the house and in general the most complete construction scheme, where the structure is not only depicted, but also most of its elements are most drawn - this is the best waywhich should be. In the project, which, by the way, must fully comply with SNiP, should be the most reflected engineering, structural, architectural and construction and other features. For example, if it is supposed to make a cross-house with an attic, then it should already be in the project.
All this is done so that engineering ideas can most easily implement a person who is not too versed in the construction of houses.
And if necessary, you can see how one or another house on the website of the contract organization will find it finally, from which you expect to order a project. Also, an important point concerns regulatory documentation. The fact is that such technology does not forgive mistakes and therefore, to be confident that your project fully meets all standards and gta stations, it should be overpowered by the SP 31-105-2002 under the title "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-quarters residential houses With wood frame.
If we talk about the rules of the construction of such houses, then the main thing can be called the principle that construction technologies strictly be observed. That is, the house has a proportion of 4x4 or 6x4, then it should be. Or if the size of some room should be 3x6 m, and in some room it should be used element 10x10, then you need to follow these sizes.
Any deviation risks violating the entire construction process and the result can be quite deplorable.
Construction must have the following steps:
Only in such a sequence can be built the frame houses, otherwise you risk creating a building, the effectiveness of which will be significantly lower than the planned indicators.
Before you begin to build, you need to choose the material from which you will build a house, and also to calculate how much you need it to not be overpaying, but at the same time it was enough to implement all the conceived ideas.
First of all, you should think about the flow rate of lumber. But it depends on everything from what you will make a frame house: from a tree, from a bar or, maybe the boards. For example, for the construction of a shield house we will need:
Make the calculation of the cost of the rack and transverse timber is not so easy. Here you should take into account the size of the future structure, that is, its area, as well as the category of thermal insulation material, which will be used during construction.
Also, to talk about the consumption of other materials, it will be necessary to do:
By the way, the calculation of these systems must be done only when the owner of the house determined with the material of the roof and the box at home. It is from these two moments that you want to repel later.
Naturally, if a person is ready to spend funds for the formation of a reserve of the strength of the construction, then such a scrupulously calculation can no longer hold. But, as a rule, frame houses build just because they are cheap and accessible.
Creating a frame wooden house can be done using a conventional set of tools. This is another charm of frame technology for ordinary people. There is no need to use neither a special equipment, nor an expensive tool. But at the same time, if you cut the boards with a simple hacksaw, and nails clog the usual hammer, then you can build a house and years.
If you can use a pneumatic or electric tool, then the result and speed of construction will improve significantly.
So, for work at various stages you will need various tools. For example, during the preparation of the site and foundation work will need to have:
At the frame assembly stage we will need:
In addition, various auxiliary elements will be needed - ropes, power flowers, as well as a small tool, including fasteners of various types and nails.
Significantly accelerates construction and will not be superfluous to the modern tool. For example, the preparation of the frame parts is more convenient to do with the electrical disk saw. And even better if a special is used for work facial sawhaving a stationary base. And the same disk electrical saw will be an excellent option for mounting the frame.
For quick and high-quality clogging of nails should be used by a pneumatic carrot cover with a compressor. This tool cannot be called cheap, but the productivity of labor will be significantly higher here.
In addition, in the process of assembling the frame, it will not be superfluous to use the electrical ruble, as well as the electrolovka. The planer is needed to correct the defects of sawn timber, as well as to fit the frame elements to each other. And the electrolybiz will not be superfluous for accurate installation. rafter system Roof.
As already mentioned, frame houses are built exclusively on well-established technology, that is, in stages.
Creating a foundation is a rather complicated and very responsible process that sets the tone of the successful implementation of the project of the house. When creating a foundation, it is necessary to take into account the mass of factors, ranging from the geological picture on the site and ending with the height of the groundwater and so on.
As a rule, it is most often made by pile-screened foundations. They can be quickly built, they are reliable. In addition, such a basis does not require large material investments. In addition, such a platform will evenly transfer the load to all supports.
Drill wells for piles need a brown. As a formwork, you can use runneroid, rolled in the pipes of a certain diameter. Inside the piles, 3-4 bar of reinforcements are installed, which are interconnected in the form of a square or triangle. They must be chopped so that at least 70-80 centimeters of the rod are braised above the pile surface.
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After the piles were filled, the formwork should be installed in which the fittings will be laid. Longitudinal rods with curved fittings from piles. You should also leave holes in the tape for lining communications and ventilation. In the foundation tape, then the bar for the strapping will be attached. To install it, stiletto clip in the tape. They are put through each meter-two.
From each angle in both directions it is necessary to retreat on thirty centimeters. Here the hairpins are mandatory. In the rest of the places, this is already dependent on the size of the house, but it is impossible to mount them less often than two meters. It should be said that it was the hairpins that are the only link between the foundation and the frame of the house. Therefore, it is better not to greed. In general, the studs must be at least two in one wall.
When everything is ready, you need to pour concrete. After that, so that he does not cool, but it became stronger, it is better to cover it with polyethylene. In case the temperature after filling the foundation holds within about + 20 degrees, after four to five days it is possible to continue construction.
In this case, the concrete will already have 50 percent of its strength. And if the temperature is lower, the waiting time will be greater.
In order to make the floor, you first need to make waterproofing the foundation. To do this, use waterproof, bitumen mastic and rubberoid. First places liquid insulation, after which the turn of the rolled insulation, and the tops are attached from above - dry boards. Their edges should be aligned according to the foundation altitude. The first layer of boards is a second to hide the gaps that may form.
Strapping boards are attached to liters. They must be put on the edge, align, after which to attach with the help of nails to its basis. The lag is now being carried out - it will be all as well as when installing strapping. That is, they can be knocked off oblique nails.
Now you can start to warm the floor. There is a lot of ways to do it. One of them is the use of inexpensive polystyrene foam. Its thickness should be 15 centimeters. It stacked in two layers to overlap the seams and joints. You can also go through the perimeter with a sealant to ensure maximum surface insulation. After insulation, the draft floor from the boards, as well as the plywood layer remains.
If it is large and in the thickness there will be about 1.5 centimeters, then you can do without a repeated layer. And if not, then make another layer from the billboard boards with the first level needed.
The next most important stage is the construction of walls at home. At the same time there are two options: or assemble the wall frame on the floor, after which it is just to raise it, put it up and consolidate, or all to collect on the spot gradually. In the first case, work is usually carried out at the factories, but in the second - when the assembly goes with your own hands. For a start, the lower bouncing bar is nailed, after which the angular racks are exhibited, then the intermediate, the upper strapping. This technology is also called Balloon.
Each option has its pros and cons, but here everything will depend on how many people work on the object.
If we talk about angular racks, then they must be either 150x150 millimeters, or 100x100 mm. In rare cases, racks 50x100 are used. But here everything will depend on how little house Built. If small, then the variant 100x100 mm will be more than enough. There will still be dependent on the load and the desired width of the insulation.
The step pitch is selected taking into account the load, but the distance between the racks is selected based on the width of the insulation. The lumen between them should be less than a pair of centimeters, rather than the width of the insulation. Then the garbage almost will not, like gaps with gaps.
That is, you must first set and consolidate the angular beams, after which they mount the upper strapping on them, and then with the selected step vertical racks. Fastening racks may be in several ways:
Word in the board of the lower strapping should be carried out no more than half of its depth. Corners are usually attached on both sides. Fastening on brazening - old technology, but its execution is quite difficult. It is best to use reinforced corners.
The beams to which doors and windows are attached must be double. In this case, the load is greater, and therefore the support is required more powerful.
Now about shakes and disclosures. If the outer ending should be from high strength, then to embed the drives better from the inside of the room, as they will be temporary. It is necessary to preserve geometry, until there is no external sheaving. If the casing will be set, then constant drives must be necessarily. It is best to use four small pieces for each: two below and two.
But most of all the question occurs during the construction of the corners. This is not surprising, because these are the main nodes of the compounds. If the timber is located in the corner, then there will be no problems, except that the angle will be cold. But you can make the frame of the house warm.
After assembling the frame, it is necessary to obey its plywood or OSP. This will not only be an excellent insulation, but also will act as excellent sound and noise insulation.
Overlapping beams should rely on the top of the upper strapping. There are several fastening methods:
The size of the beams and the distance between them will depend on what will be on top. If this is the second residential floor or attic, then the cross-section needs to be taken more, and the step should be less than to avoid flexing the floor.
If only the roof and the attic will be non-residential, that is, in essence, we will have overlapping of the first floor, then it will be completely different calculations. And if the overlap of the second floor, that is, it is the inter-storey, then the calculations will be, as in the first case. In a single-storey house, overlapping beams are simultaneously support for rafters. It is for this reason that they are released on thirty centimeters per perimeter of the wall.
If the second floor will be accurate, the overlap is trimmed with a black floor of the second floor, and the ceiling is needed from the bottom. That is, we get a kind of small "cake." In this case, it will be easier to work on creating the second floor of the house, since its assembly will not differ from the first.
The roof is already installed when all the walls are finally built and fully fixed. It remains to determine the bias you need and what the roof will be. The most common is bounce. In order to increase the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house, a number of buildings are equipped with a veranda. In this case, the project of the house can provide for several types of roof designs: above the veranda is a single one, and over the house is a double. And depending on the downhone, the roof can be:
The rafters are selected in such a way that the insulation can be installed between them.As a sample, two boards with a length of six meters are taken and combined them into the structure in the form of the letter L. Then they are raised to the roof, refrigerate to the strapping bar in such a way that the soles are 35-50 centimeters. Now the design is fixed by the rigel and is used as a layout for rafters, which are mounted after 70 centimeters from each other.
Their connection in the skate is carried out according to the method of "half paws". That is, first set rafters on the frontones, after which the thread stretches between them, in terms of which the installation of all intermediate rafters is carried out. After that, there is a solid or shredded doom. This is how the rafter system is done.
If we talk about the coating, the composition of the roof can be different. As an example, consist of metal tile or plates of professional flooring. The latter is very easy to install, has a relatively low weight and low cost. But it can have different layers - for example, you can install a plate of professional flooring and a layer of metal tile.
To protect the frame home from the impact of natural factors, a special windproof film is used. It refers to external materials for the facade. It is better to mount in warm weather. Works can be started only after completion of work on the laying of the main thermal insulation layer, as well as before the final decorative lining of the walls. The rule, the main thermal insulation layer is a special membrane.
In order to exclude the errors in the installation of such a film, you should pay attention to the structure of it from the outside: one smooth, and the second one is with a pile. The film is placed by the party where there is a pile, to thermal insulation.
Rolls of films should have on the surface of the manufacturer's branded logos, which is a hint, as such a film should be laid.
The layout of the windproof material can be performed vertically, as well as horizontally. It is better to use the vertical option. The horizontally located strip of the film simply will interfere with the gradual installation.
The installation of the film should be carried out from top to bottom, with the end of the roll, which is free, is applied to the top of the wall and rolls out to its base. Crop material with scissors. Alternatively, you can consider the stationery knife. The length of the piece of film that will be cut off from the roll must have small allowances so that you can run the material between the wall and the main insulation.
In no case cannot allow savings of the material. Such a film is fixed with plastic dowels with hats in the form of plates, which perfectly attach the film to the wall. For one square meter there will be enough five such dowels. By installing the next strip of windproof film, it should be made of her brass, so that there are no places to which the impact will go.
Ventilation in frame houses can be two types:
For the natural nature of fresh air through the doors and windows, and the output is through the ventilation channels in the technical premises. This is possible due to the difference in the air pressure outside the room and inside it.
But in the frame house, natural ventilation will be weak, since such a structure will be sealed.
Make the same ventilation in such a house with your own hands using supply valve. Ventzor can be made with your own plastic pipes. You can also use asbestos-cement, which should be carefully embedded in the frame to get the ventilation gap. The valve mentioned allows for air intake.
Outside it is overlapped with a grid to avoid hitting third-party items inside. There are filters for primary air purification, as well as a noise absorber. Air flow can be adjusted using a damper. The inflow valve circuit is very simple and can be installed with your own hands. It is necessary to make a cross-cutting hole in the wall, insert a pipe with noise insulation, filter, secure the grid and make a damper.
It should be said that a natural way of ventilation is very ineffective and in this case, at least a hood or ventilated facade is needed, since it cannot simply resist the formation of the fungus such a system.
In order to ensure good craving, you can equip the system with a fan. There are also examples when moisture metering devices that can automatically turn on and off the fans are installed.
Warming a frame house with any material with the corresponding characteristics. Of course, there is no ideal material, but you can find the optimal solution.
The most popular insulation today is basalt Wat.. It is done in the form of mats and rolls, each of which has a different density indicator. It is better to put mats into the walls: their density is higher and they are better held due to the operating force. But for this, their sizes should be two or three centimeters more than a distance that is between frame racks. The mats are fixed with a special fastener, but they still work with them better than with soft rolls.
Minvata has excellent heat insulation characteristics. But there is also a big drawback: it is afraid of moisture and it should be fencing not only from this, but also from the effects of steam. That is why, on the side of the room, it should be closed with a layer of a vapor insulation membrane so that the pairs do not penetrate inside.
If you take an outer side, the thermal insulation of mineral wool closes another membrane, but another type. The membrane in this case will not be bludging and will not pass water in a gaseous and liquid form, and the pair can go out of the insulation without problems. That is, the steam resistance will be one-sided. When the insulation is installed, only finishing works will remain.
According to the adopted construction standards, the window should be about 18 percent of the wall area. And for maximum lighting, it is best to stick to these sizes. If you live in the house year-round, it is best to install a plastic glass double glazing and a large glass area.
In order to protect the house from the temperature difference, various pests, humidity and impact of various microorganisms, it should be treated with an antiseptic agent. This can be done in three ways:
In order not to give wood to pop up, you need to use clamping systems.
The advantages of antiseptic processing are:
There are several finishing options. There may be simply applied plaster outside, and you can use paint. You can also make wall cladding siding or clapboard. If desired, it is possible to use a block house.
For example, plaster can be carried out in two ways:
But this method is more suitable as a temporary option.
When building houses, it is important to do everything correctly and not allow different kinds of inaccuracies. From the correctness of calculations, the rational use of building materials, compliance with technological moments of insulation, and the trim will depend on the final result - whether you have a beautiful, comfortable and cozy house Or you will not get at all what they expected. Therefore, it is worth considering the main errors of frame construction to prevent them by committing, especially if you want to install yourself.
One of the most common mistakes is wrong selection Lumber for wooden house. As you know, the base of the skeleton house is made from wooden materials. And one of the main mistakes is their improper selection. In one case, construction is used not very well dried wood, that is, fresh sawn timber. And in the other uses a small cross section, which simply cannot withstand operational loads.
The first error is much more serious, because its assumption can really affect the quality and reliability of the structure of the house. After all, the fact is that the wooden elements are changing in size as dryly. Therefore, cracks, dusts and other problems may occur, which will then make the construction unsuitable for living.
The wood of a small section does not withstand the necessary loads and its use in the house is simply dangerous.
Another important point is the design of the frame design. Only the correct execution will ensure the stability of the house with wind loads. In this case the best solution There will be an integrated approach when the frame cover is made using slab materials, and the installation of voids in the lower and upper parts of the strapping is carried out.
Hoping to reduce the maintenance, you can quite seriously guess. Especially if you decide to use some budget insulation, the operational characteristics of which are left to desire the best. The best insulation today are:
Everything else to use extremely risky. And in general, it should not save on the insulation.
Also should most accurately comply with technology and construction construction. Usually we are talking about or "Balun", or about the "platform". They have clear scenarios of the implementation, from which it is impossible to retreat either a step, otherwise you just risk doing a house unsuitable for life.
Another common error is the wrong choice of fasteners. For example, if the framework boards are not on ordinary nails, but on black screws or perforated corners, then you can break the balance of fasteners. Moreover, it will be significantly more expensive and the design also will not receive the necessary strength.
Also, quite often, errors are allowed during the manufacture of insulation, namely during the choice of film protective coatings. The accumulation of moisture inside the frame walls is a big problem of such houses. And only a high-quality vapor and wind insulation film will help solve it.
Build a frame house with your own hands - the task is implemented, although it requires a serious concentration, understanding the technology of construction and a sequence of actions. In addition, you should not save on building materials At all stages of construction, because it can pour out in the future sideways. But if you follow the rules indicated above, then build a frame vacation home Even alone and without experience can be without much difficulty.
Overview of the frame house built with your own hands, see the next video.
Change city apartment On the spacious private house - the dream of each family. If there is no possibility to change the apartment to a permanent place of residence in the cozy cottage, then everyone wants to have at least a cozy country house for relaxing outside the city in the summer weekend. Not every average family can afford a big brick house, and sometimes there is simply no desire to change some stone walls to others. That is why in the 21st century they became very common houses from the tree. Of course, when mentioning a wooden house, the structure of a log or timber is immediately comes to mind. But today we will talk about a low-budgetary version of construction, but no less reliable - about skew houses. Surely you have seen tempting ads on the Internet or press about superdeshevy houses. Indeed, now a lot of construction companies perform construction of frame houses for a permanent or temporary stay. But what is a frame house?
If you do not delve into the details, then the frame house is a wood frame, which is separated from two sides with trimmed materials, and the insulation is laid between them. Various insulation requires different additional elements: these are building films and membranes or polyurethane seals. There are some exceptions where the role of the frame can be performed by the sheath and insulation.
For Russia, the framework technology is quite young. It began to apply only in the 60s of the 20th century. Then the frame structures were used only for the construction of buildings in industrial zones or for temporary summer houses. In the minds of Soviet people, a stereotype of the unreliability and the briefness of such structures was evolved. Although in North America and Europe such houses began to build in the 17th century. Canada is considered to be the birthplace of frame house-building, but in Russia the basic principles of low-rise frame construction came from the neighboring Finland. That is why now most frame houses are built on Scandinavian technologies.
In order to understand more detail in the concept of "frame house", you need to separately consider the two main technologies: Canadian and Finnish.
More than 80% of the percent of skew houses in Rossi are erected through Finnish technology. The main criteria of the Finnish skewer:
Separately, it is worth considering the frame-shield houses. Such structures are usually ordered in special production. A frame of a chamber drying bar is going on production, a heater is laid in it, all the necessary construction films are mounted and produce a trim inside and outside. Finished wall panels are delivered to the site. The technology becomes largely similar to the Canadian carcass, but does not require an additional cranial bar, and the insulation uses the same materials based on mineral wool or fiberglass.
Canadian houses appeared in Russia quite recently. This is due to the fact that for the construction of a skeleton house in North American technology, special production of sip-panels is necessary.
After consideration of each of the technologies, it became clear what a frame house is. The key difference of each technology is the insulated insulation and the method of the construction of walls.
All materials for the construction of the frame house or the production of the house complex can be divided into groups: material for the frame, insulation, sheathing, roofing and auxiliary materials.
The construction of a frame house is impossible without the use of a wooden bar. For mounting frame (walls, floor, ceiling, a rafter system) use a timber coniferous rocks Woods of natural or chamber drying. The use of natural moisture wood is undesirable. This leads to the deformations of the bar in the process of drying, the appearance of cracks in the frame, excessive moisture inside the frame. All wood should be processed by antiseptics to protect against mold and insect damage.
Sometimes metal is also used for frame, especially for mounting the framework of the foundation on screw piles. Metal beams are treated with anticorrosive primers.
There are a lot of insulation in the modern market for frameworks: gravel, ophov, mineral wool, fiberglass-based insulation, eco-foam, expanded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam. Each of the insulation has its advantages and disadvantages.
The use of some insulation is associated with such a concept as a frame-bulk house. As can be seen from the name, bulk materials are used for insulation: opil, gravel, eco-water, polyurethane foam. The technology of the construction of such houses is slightly different from the ordinary sander.
The insulation of the floor in a frame-bulk house: a black floor is mounted, vaporizolation spreads, and the insulation is falling asleep between lags.
Warming: Internal and outer coverings are performed, and the insulation is falling asleep between the beams. The ceiling is insulated on the principle of floors.
Modern technologies presented us with many options for the walls of the walls and the floor of the frame house. For outdoor walls of walls can be used: lining, imitation of timber, block house, planks, duch, osb, moisture resistant plywood, chipboard, metal and vinyl siding, fibro-cement panels and fiber cement siding, facade panels with insulation.
For the inner sheat of the walls and the ceiling, the same wooden and leafy materials can be used. In addition, the GWL and GKL also applies. For floors, leafy materials, parquet board or massive floor board are used. As in the case of insulation, each material has a number of advantages and disadvantages that require additional discussion.
Installation does not differ from such works of any other structure. In accordance with the basic rules, the rafter system from the bar is calculated and assembled, the installation of the crate and the finish roofing canvas is laid. As roofing materials Use folding roof, professional flooring, metal tile, ceramic tile, soft roof, etc.
We have already found out the main features of the skeleton house and listed the materials used. But why is this comparative young for Russia, the technology of housekeeping has received such widespread? This is due to the main pluses of frame house-building.
Any technology of construction is not devoid of shortcomings. In the case of frame structures, this is a high demanding to the accuracy of the drawings of each node; Clear compliance with installation and insulation technology; High fire danger; More thorough care for carrying structures, less durability compared to other technologies.
Separately, I would like to say about the finishing of frame houses. Most communications hide in wall frames, ceiling and floor. Therefore, before the start of work on the trim, these elements need to have projects of communications to lay them inside the framework.
It is also important to have a project of the facade and walls with placed door and window openings. In the case of the purchase of the Domocomplekt, these openings will already be mounted. But if you build a house with your own hands, then you need to properly strengthen these openings, because the load from the roof or the upper floors is uniformly transmitted to low strapping and foundation using basic and intermediate racks. In places of openings, the frame is weakened. How to strengthen it in this place?
To sort out this issue, consider the drawing. The places of openings are the so-called dual racks: the first is an intermediate frame of the frame, and the second supports the upper crossbar and the chider is a massive bar, the thickness of which exceeds the cross section of the intermediate racks by 2-3 times. It is a chider who will transmit the load on the lower strapping in the places of openings.
Now you have a complete picture of the skeleton house. Of course, construction in the framework technology has many subtleties and pitfalls, and for the construction of such a house with their own hands you have to explore a lot of literature. And in the case of the choice of construction technology, the proven developer should not discount frame structures. Myths about the briefness or unreliability of such houses are dispelled by the experience of people who live in them. Frame houses are building a long time ago, and you can find reviews of people who exploit them over 30 years. The choice is yours.
