Wooden houses more and more popular. Especially log cottages. And if the traditional joining of a tree "in a bowl" is already familiar to many by hearsay, and to some in practice, the technology of Canadian felling is not yet firmly rooted in our region. But in vain. After all, a house assembled from a Canadian felling log, as a result, turns out to be warmer and more durable. And all thanks to the special technology of cutting grooves-bowls for joining wood.
This technology was originally used in the construction of log cabins in Russia. However, due to the laboriousness of the process, it was not widely used among architects. In turn, in Canada, where the climate is winter time As harsh as in Russia, the technology is firmly entrenched and is still in effect today. A feature of such a felling is self-wedging locks, which subsequently do not let cold air into the house from the corners.
Canadian log houses have a number of features in their manufacture that affect the quality of the finished house. So, for the assembly of the cottage, only chopped logs are used, from which only the top layer - the bark - is removed. The lower protective layers of wood - bast and sapwood - do not touch. As a result, wood for a Canadian house has increased strength and resistance to atmospheric precipitation, in contrast to rounded wood.
In addition, chopped round timber, as a result of such manual processing, has a difference in cross-sections at both ends - the butt (lower, thicker part of the tree) and the top (its thinner part). After sanding, the log is subjected to manual cutting in order to form Canadian bowls.
Important: in the assembly of walls from such a chopped Canadian log, the masonry of the butt-top ends should be alternated in order to compensate for the differences in the height of the rims and thereby align the horizontal masonry of the logs. In addition, the overall evenness of the walls of the house will depend on this method of masonry.
A similar Canadian technology for assembling a cottage from a log house has a number of advantages in comparison with cottages from a rounded log assembled in a Russian bowl:
To assemble a solid log house, you need to choose a type of tree that will differ in increased performance characteristics... Considering that the climate in Russia is moderate, and winters are quite severe, it is necessary to select a log made of northern cold-resistant wood species. Coniferous varieties are most often used. The following are especially popular:
Important: For any type of wood, Canadian bowl cutting requires high precision and professionalism. Otherwise, assembling a house using Canadian technology will not make sense - the locks simply will not fit or will have a weak connection.
This technology is reminiscent of the Scandinavian way of cutting a house. However, for the installation of a Scandinavian log house, a carriage is used - a prepared log with cuts on the sides. Log houses de under the Canadian bowl are erected only from round timber.
A bowl of logs according to the Canadians' technology is made with a ledge, which, when the logs are connected to the corners, ensures that the lock is locked. That is, the upper log is equipped with a trapezoidal bowl with an outlet, which is put on the lower perpendicular log with a corresponding groove bed. As a result, when pressed, two logs are connected to a lock. After shrinking and shrinking at home, such bowls, unlike standard Russian ones, are compressed around the bed more tightly, which reduces the likelihood of blowing corners. In turn, the standard Russian bowl, when the log shrinks, on the contrary, expands its semicircle, making the gaps even larger.
It is worth noting that the formation of the Canadian bowl, ledges and gussets on a log is done exclusively by hand. This requires the presence of professionalism from the master. Assembling a cottage using Canadian technology can take up to a year or even more, since it requires high precision cutting. That is why a log house assembled from round timber in a Canadian bowl will be more expensive than a cottage made of rounded wood. Today, not many companies provide such a service (construction of a Canadian log house). Therefore, if you decide to mount just such log house, as shown in the photos below, you will have to look for specialists of this particular profile. And then your log house will be a feast for all neighbors and friends! After all, the house assembly technology, worked out over the centuries, guarantees the reliability and strength of the house.
Photo of Canadian log houses:
Let's not hide that one of the most popular construction technologies wooden houses is the canadian cabin.
1 The cost is quite high due to the fact that the process is very laborious. However, spending pays off positive differences versus ways manual felling.
2 In the technology of Canadian felling, several types of grooves are used: traditional semicircular and m-shaped. The main distinctive feature Canadian cup - the presence of side obstructions. To accurately cut through all shapes, specialized equipment is required. In the process of marking, a compass of a unique design is used. Carpenters use axes for finishing grooves and bowls. Due to the high complexity of the Canadian bowl, the most important equipment and tools are the high professionalism of the staff and their experience. Without this, Canadian felling is impossible. Let us note without false modesty that we are proud of our masters - they have no equal in this laborious business!
3 The finished Canadian felling can be quickly distinguished from the others, outwardly it was created as follows: a groove with grooves is cut from above the wood, and a "fat tail" - a thorn is made from below. Due to such a complex structure, the finished log house is not completely blown out. After the shrinkage process, it wedges on its own.
If you do not take into account the nuances of timber harvesting and drying, then it is quite possible to divide all the fundamental actions into the stages of construction of structures.
1 Having our own base, which is equipped with modern equipment, we select all the necessary structural details. We divide them into suitable and not. When dividing, we take into account important factors: the size of the logs, the technical condition after passing through the drying process. If defects are detected, the wood is recycled. Auxiliary lumber is made from wood that has received obvious flaws.
For the houses of the Canadian felling, we choose exceptionally flat wood, which has an impeccable quality and the following dimensions: length from 6 to 12 meters, and diameter from 280 to 500 mm and more.
After this stage, our specialists perform primary processing - they remove the bark. A special tool, which is used to remove the bark (scraper), allows you to clean the surface as efficiently as possible and not damage the protective layer: "sapwood".
Another effective treatment method used by our specialists is “hydrocork”. In this case, the bark is removed under the influence high pressure water.
2 The Canadian felling house is delivered to the customer's site in the form of a carefully packed structure. Delivery is carried out by special transport.
4 According to the markings created on the logs, the process of assembling the log house begins. During assembly, the Canadian bowls are sealed, which is guaranteed to exclude blowing, and also protects the frame from moisture and decay. An accurate calculation is made for the percentage of shrinkage of the structure.
5 During the installation of a log house, its antiseptic treatment is carried out. In this case, professional means are used that are guaranteed to help exclude any appearance of a variety of fungi and insects.
The costs of this work vary in Moscow, but our company offers reasonable prices for such a high quality housing.
Accordingly, the construction process is quite laborious and complex, but due to the mass of advantages it is worth it.
Taking this into account, we offer professional services of our company "Vityaz-Stroy". Our employees are highly qualified craftsmen who are guaranteed to build a house from the log of your dreams!
On the one hand, the construction seems to be not the most complicated one. On the other hand, few people work with the Canadian bowl. Why?
Because it's not enough to just make a trapezoidal bowl, cut a spike on the upper log and a groove on the lower one. It is necessary to optimally calculate all the dimensions so that the parts of the lock fit as tightly as possible to each other. Otherwise, all the advantages of such a bowl will come to naught.
And only real professionals who have been working with hand-cut logs for years can cope with this task. At the same time, such a high-quality connection can be made only with the help of an excellent professional tool, which is quite expensive and not everyone has.
In the tightness of corner joints after shrinkage of the house. Unlike the classic Russian bowl, such a joint of logs does not dry out after shrinkage. It still stays tight!
It turns out that the joints of the logs in the Canadian bowl do not need to be caulked again? This is partly true. But not really!
It is impossible to predict how the tree will behave when it dries up. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that a Canadian bowl completely eliminates the need for subsequent caulking.
But you can guarantee that the amount of caulking work after shrinking at home will be minimal and experienced craftsmen will cope with the task very quickly.
Log housesyou can build on different technologies... Which one to use depends on many factors:
When a felling is performed by the "with the remainder" method, or by cutting "into a bowl", a recess is cut in the logs, and the next log is laid in it. With this, the logs protrude beyond the boundaries of the walls for a certain distance (25 cm on average). Thus, the consumption of material increases at the rate of 50 cm for each log in a log house. Such costs are compensated by good protection of the corners of the log house from wind and rain. It is believed that such a blockhouse is superior to other construction technologies in terms of stability. If the logs are processed accurately and with high quality, the building looks attractive and even decorative, moreover, it does not require external or interior decoration walls. This felling method has many varieties:
Today, the most common and technologically advanced methods are "Norwegian castle" and "Canadian cup".
Of the many known methods for the construction of classic log houses, there are two felling technologies that allow you to avoid cracks when the house shrinks and to do without its constant caulking.
Canadian cabin of the house "Canadian cup" there are undeniable advantages over other methods of making log joints. When cutting by the Canadian method, the log in the bowl and in the horizontal groove is adjusted especially accurately, there are no gaps at all with such a connection. But this is not the most important thing. Gaps are not formed even after the shrinkage of the log house, which is explained by technological features connecting logs. The Russian "cup" requires after performing periodic caulking due to the formation of cracks during shrinkage.
The Canadian cup is trapezoidal. Due to the trapezoidal shape, the bowl does not form cracks during shrinkage, since the upper log is pressed against the lower one during shrinkage, evenly settles and wedges in the trapezoidal cup. Thus, the geometry of the entire structure is preserved, the logs do not form cracks and do not twist.
Norwegian cabin "Norwegian castle" executed from a gun carriage. Such a log is made with a special profile: protrusions are made along the entire length of the log from one or both sides. For the carriage, only a thick log with a diameter of at least 270 mm is used. Thickness of hewn logs according to Norwegian standards for external walls should not be less than 200 mm triangular, and the inter-row heat-insulating materials are not at all noticeable, since they are located in the longitudinal grooves.
When the log shrinks, corner joints the carriage is connected "wedge to wedge", forming a very strong connection due to its own weight. This connection excludes deformation of the carriage. The wood dries, but there are no gaps, so the caulking of the walls may not be carried out.
The logs retain their height, so there is no need to increase the number of crowns when shrinking. Since some of the wood has been cut off from the log, the dimensions interior space houses are increasing.
The carriage can be used independently for the whole frame, or it can be combined with a rough round log.
The external attractiveness of the material allows you to do without external and internal finishing.
For log cabins, arranged according to Norwegian technology, pine wood is used, or less often - other conifers. Such wood is the densest and most resinous, therefore it is less prone to rotting.
Log houses are particularly durable.
Chopped wooden huts, built in the 17th century with only one ax, have survived to this day. They do not look very modern, of course, but they are in good condition and suitable for living.
A wooden house has been in Sweden for 776 years. In the Swedish city of Mura, an old farm has been preserved, consisting of sixty wooden old houses. They have been preserved almost perfectly, it is quite possible to live in them.
At all times, the quality of log buildings was measured by their durability. The technology has been perfected over the centuries, the craftsmen passed on their art from generation to generation.
The Canadian felling was invented by Russian settlers who set foot on American soil in the early 18th century. Solid and beautiful have gained wide popularity in Canada, hence the name of the method.
Canadian felling is used in the construction of structures from massive round logs. The diameter of the logs varies from 30 to 60 cm, the thicker the log, the better. The "Canadian cup" log house is easily recognizable - the bowl is in the shape of a trapezoid, there are side curtains. This technology allows you to firmly jam the grooves and ensure that there are no gaps between the logs. In the process of shrinkage, the frame forms an almost monolithic wall. The best materials for building a Canadian log house are pine, larch or cedar, harvested in the winter.
Each log used is carefully selected.
Processing is carried out exclusively by hand, this preserves the upper protective layer of wood fibers - sapwood.
The precise fit ensures that there are no gaps between the logs.
The layers of insulation are not visible, the feeling of a solid solid wood is created.
Creation of a comfortable microclimate inside the premises - the house is warm in winter and cool in summer.
Unpretentious operation - no work on insulation and elimination of cracks and cracks is required.
Initially, the Canadian felling differed from the Russian and Norwegian only in the shape of the bowl, which, due to the trapezoidal shape, tightly fitted the neighboring log during the shrinkage process. However, over time, additional spikes and grooves began to be used inside the bowl, with their help it was possible to achieve a tight connection of the logs and a perfect pairing of the crowns. The junction of the inner groove and the spike is called a “fat tail”; in the process of shrinkage, the logs are tightly connected to each other, while the entire mass of the insulation remains inside, which improves appearance the buildings. To minimize defects arising during the drying process, it is used special technology- puffing up. A cut is made along the axis of the log, its depth ranges from 5 to 15 mm. Due to this, the log does not crack during shrinkage, and retains its original shape.
The erection of a canadian felling is an expensive process, but it is quite justified in terms of durability. You can visually distinguish a Canadian wheelhouse from a Russian one, even in the photo, by the presence or absence of characteristic obstructions at the intersection points.
And yet the main difference is the spike in the "Canadian cup" - it is he who guarantees the absence of gaps between the logs and high heat-saving characteristics of the building.
The technology in this case is much more complicated, and the cost of a log house will be higher than when using a Russian log house. Time costs are also higher, due to the difficulty of fitting the spikes and grooves inside the bowl and careful sanding of the wood.
When choosing a cutting option, first of all, the percentage of wood shrinkage is taken into account, because over time, the diameter of the log can become smaller by 10%. This will cause the cup to be out of proportion and create gaps. Natural shrinkage is an inevitable process, and even the highest quality logs sag, gaps are formed, which will have to be filled with tow or other specialized material. It is at this stage that the advantage of the Canadian felling becomes obvious over the Russian one: the deformation of the cups will be practically zero, while gaps are formed extremely rarely. In addition, the shape of the cup prevents the accumulation of moisture, reducing the likelihood of decay and damage to the wood.
The downside of the Canadian felling is the complexity of execution. All work is done by hand, so that the top dense layer of wood remains on the logs, which ensures high resistance of the building to environmental influences. The increase in cash and time costs for building a house using Canadian technology will fully justify itself in 5-7 years, the cost of insulating and repairing the Russian felling house will result in no less amount.
The main cost item in the operation of a log house is to ensure the tightness of the walls. The cracks that appear during shrinkage must be caulked. Houses built using the Russian felling technology require caulking 2 - 3 times a year for 10 years after the end of construction. Caulking is the process of filling in the resulting gaps thermal insulation materials- tow or jute fiber. This is a very time consuming activity that requires special skills. Accordingly, the cost of the work will be very high. The use of putties and sealants for caulking is unacceptable, since the process of natural air exchange in the layers of wood is disrupted, this leads to an increase in humidity and the development of mold and mildew.
Canadian felling does not provide for additional caulking of the walls during the shrinkage process. A layer of insulation is laid in the crowns during construction, subject to construction technology, the walls reliably retain heat even in the most severe winter. Due to the special shape of the bowl, the dried upper log is tightly connected to the lower one, a monolithic joint is formed that does not require additional insulation. That is why Canadian fellings are often not veneered from the inside, while heat losses are minimized.
