V winter time the house needs heating. Although current technology offers different variants to create comfort and coziness, to maintain a stable temperature, the classic type is in great demand not only for country houses but also for permanent housing. A brick stove for summer cottages and dwellings can not only emphasize the originality of the style, but also be a functional element of the decor.
Such a stove has several sides for evaluation, and it can heat up, and it looks beautiful
You can also find multifunctional options that combine a classic fireplace, a water circuit and additional fans to increase traction, better warm rooms. The cooking type is used if you need to make a brick oven for summer cottages. Masters combine it with a water heating tank. It will not work to talk about full heating of the house, but you can cook dinner on such a stove.
In this video, you will learn how cooking ovens work:
It is standardly combined with gas or electric heating... The design consists of several elements. These include:
The thrust power depends on the depth of the device and the parameters of the case. The heat transfer and the ability to heat the room depend on the material from which the lining is made. A standard-sized stove can maintain the temperature in a small room, often a kitchen. This is where a functional cooking structure is installed.
The heating and cooking type is multifunctional due to the combination of the hob, oven, fireplace. In most cases, a shelf for drying things and other elements that contribute to maximum use stoves. The dimensions and functionality depend on the parameters of the room in which the structure will be installed.
This design consists of at least 3 elements. The heating stove is used for space heating. It consists of a large chamber, an ash pan that is located under it, a chimney. The design resembles a stove with a fireplace and performs not only a decorative function, but also a practical heating of the room.
Depending on what elements are included in the process of creating a stove, experts distinguish several types. Each of them has its own functionality and capabilities. Brick stove at the dacha may be:
The first option is considered classic, because here practicality and functionality are combined in terms of heating the room, the possibility of cooking, there is a shelf for lying and a place for drying things. If the house is being used by residents all year round, then the version of the Russian stove will be ideal in terms of application. As for the appearance, thanks to the original ceramic combinations, you can make a real masterpiece from an ordinary old stove.
For summer cottage this type will not work, because due to the large dimensions, the stove will need a lot of firewood, respectively, enough heat will be released to heat the room. A small cooking option is enough for cooking.
In addition, if you "start" the stove in operation, then it must be actively used, otherwise it can absorb moisture from the air, which will worsen the process of combustion and heat release. In appearance, this is a huge structure, and it will be difficult to find a place for it in a small dacha.
Dutch oven considered a good option for heating several rooms at once. It does not take up much space, but at the same time it emits enough heat for a comfortable stay in the house in winter. The fuel consumption is low and the efficiency level is high. The disadvantages of the furnace include the requirements for the type of fuel and the quality of the material from which the lining for the structure will be made.
The stove must be heated for a long time, if there is frost outside the window, so that it warms up well, it begins to give off heat to other rooms. It also requires regular use, otherwise the soot in the smoke channel begins to mold inside the structure.
The Dutch stove is a practical option, since it covers several rooms at once Swedish oven It is considered the most demanded and popular, it was developed for cold harsh climates, so the main goal - fast heating of the room - is achieved quickly. External parameters compact, but this does not affect the high heat performance and the ability to heat several rooms at once.
It heats up quickly due to the design features. The back side with a fireplace almost always opens into the living room or bedroom, and you can cook food on the hob. For a summer residence, as well as for everyday use, this option is considered ideal. You can heat in the stove with any materials, this will not affect the level of efficiency release.
"Swedish" warms up very quickly The implementation of a brick oven for a summer residence implies the presence of certain functions. The main ones include cooking, heating the premises, heating the places for lying, the opportunity to admire the open flame on long winter evenings.
Before choosing the type of stove, you need to decide not only with functionality, but also with configuration and arrangement options. Brick stoves for summer cottages can be different in shape. Not only appearance depends on this, but also functionality. Masters distinguish:
The ability to heat a large area depends on the size. Small options are used more often for decor and creating coziness in the room than for some kind of functionality. For large structures, it is necessary to prepare firewood in advance, because in order for the temperature in the room to be constant, it is often necessary to heat it.
If the stove will be used exclusively for heating, then experts advise paying attention to fireplace structures, this will help save materials and money for construction and get the same result.
According to the principle of creation, there are channel variants with forced movement of gases and furnaces with free movement. The first option includes the Dutch and Swedish types. The fuel burns in the firebox, after which the smoke breaks through a special channel, and the heat is distributed over the surface of the display. Thanks to the powerful draft, the combustion products are removed by the smoke channel.
The design task is to maximize heating of the walls of the stove, and from here the heat will be distributed for a long time throughout the room. Free gas ovens behave differently in terms of heat release.
Here hot air gradually rises upward, displacing the cold downward, where it is heated. Due to the free transition from one chamber to another, the heating process is fast, the temperature after that remains stable for much longer than from the classic version.
As a standard, two or three chambers can be distinguished in stoves, which are interconnected by a dry seam, which is located at the bottom. The principle of operation of the bell-type furnace is simple, due to this, the design is popular not only in summer cottage arrangement but also in houses intended for habitation all year round.
In duct devices with forced gas movement, a number of flaws are released. This creates difficulties in the installation process and operation of the structure:
Stoves with free movement of gases do not have significant drawbacks, and due to the presence of several chambers, the air flow is enhanced, the heating process is accelerated several times. You can use different design options in everyday life, but it is imperative to take into account the peculiarities of their work and efficiency.
In order for the stove to serve for a long time, it is necessary to create a powerful and reliable base for it. You cannot connect the foundation for the stove with the base for the house, since the latter shrinks over time, which can negatively affect the stove itself. To create the foundation, cement or concrete mortar can be used. You can create a base from special blocks, this also guarantees quality and endurance.
For the construction, several types of bricks can be used: ordinary ceramic and fireclay (refractory), from which the base of the stove is laid out. They use a solution from kiln clay, it withstands high temperatures well, practically does not crack during operation.
When inserting the door for the firebox or ash pan, it is imperative to tie it with burnt steel wire to increase its strength. If the firebox is cast-iron or another chamber made of this material, then an asbestos cord is additionally used, which compensates for different temperature conditions elements.
For facing the finished structure, both ceramic elements and clinker bricks can be used, decorative tiles... Choice finishing material depends on the type of stove and the design style. For the process may need the following components:
In addition, you may need special tools: a level, a construction marker, a shovel for stirring a solution, a protractor, a tape and a plumb line. If follow step by step instructions and fulfill all the requirements in the process of work, then the created stove will not only be functional, but also of high quality.
You can make a brick stove for a wood-fired summer cottage yourself, but you must remember a few tricks. Thanks to this, the creation process will be fast and productive:
In the process, you need to monitor the consistency of the solution: if you place bricks on the surface for a long time, then the cement can dry out, then the procedure will become more complicated. To prevent this from happening, the masters advise you to create a little mixture and finish it already in the process. An interesting do-it-yourself stove can decorate any interior design, turn the house into a real work of art.
Despite the development of modern heating technologies, brick ovens are quite often used to heat a house, and this is understandable - they are not only effectively heat the home, but and give a feeling of comfort and home.
Stove heating has a number of advantages due to which wood-fired brick stoves have not lost their popularity for several centuries. The most important advantage- the ability of the ceramic bricks from which the stoves are laid, accumulate and give off heat for a long time.
At the same time, radiant energy, useful for the human body, is released into the space, giving a feeling of warmth and comfort. With regular heating in the cold season, the house is always warm and dry, and due to the stove draft, natural ventilation... In the heat, the stove, on the other hand, cools the rooms by dissipating excess heat into the ground and air through the foundation and chimney.
In addition to creating a comfortable microclimate, a brick oven can carry additional functions, the presence of which depends on the design:
Ovens that provide several functions are called combined ovens. These types of stoves include fireplace stoves, as well as several popular basic models, including the Russian stove.
Have stove heating is and limitations, these include inability to efficiently heat remote rooms... Therefore, in houses of a large area, they usually put several stoves with separate or combined chimneys or combine stove heating with other types of heating.
In compact houses, consisting of one or more rooms, the stove is usually located in the center, so that its walls are located in all rooms. The hob and oven are placed on the side of the kitchen, the stove bench is in the bedroom or nursery, and the open fireplace insert is in the living room or dining room.The most popular and time-tested basic designs are widely used by stove-makers: they make small adjustments to them, adjusting the size and functionality to the wishes of the customer. Nevertheless, the principle of their operation remains the same, so all brick stoves can be divided into several groups.
Video: DIY masonry master class
Differs in massiveness, large dimensions and wide functionality... It consists of an open firebox, which in some cases is closed with a damper, as well as extended smoke channels that run along all the walls of the stove and heat them well. Sometimes the Russian stove is equipped with another firebox with a hob.
, in addition to heating, allows:
The efficiency of the Russian stove is not too high - up to 60%, in addition, its firebox requires certain skills. Moreover, it is necessary to heat the Russian stove in winter on a regular basis, avoiding breaks and cooling the stove body. With periodic heating, condensation forms in the cooled stove, the brick absorbs it and cracks during the next cooling and freezing.
In the summer, the Russian stove is heated regularly or periodically, for cooking, while using the "summer" mode, directing the smoke with a damper straight into the chimney. The body of the stove does not heat up at the same time.
Advantages of the Russian stove:
Disadvantages:
The Dutch oven is a fairly popular design of heating stoves, sometimes they are equipped with a hob. This is a channel-type stove - for efficient heating of the walls, it is equipped with vertical smoke ducts. Passing through them, the smoke completely burns out and gives off heat to the brick.
The design feature of the Dutch oven is a small footprint, which makes it popular with summer residents and owners small houses... At the same time, the stove can be made of any height, so it can successfully heat two floors. The shape of the stove also varies from square and rectangular to round, but in any case, its height is much greater than its width, so a Dutch stove is often compared to a column.
The advantages of the "Dutch":
However, it also has disadvantages:
The Swedish stove has a more versatile design compared to the Dutch stove, while its efficiency is much higher in a compact size. The standard Swedish woman is multifunctional, it has a hob, an oven, and two niches for drying shoes and clothes, and some craftsmen complement the Swedish woman with a fireplace or a stove bench.
This is a channel-type stove, which also implements the principle of a bell-type stove - afterburning flue gas under the roof of the firebox. The stove effectively heats two adjacent rooms, usually a kitchen and a room; a Swedish woman cannot cope with heating a large house.
Advantages of the "Swede":
Disadvantages of the "Swede":
Photo: bell furnace 
One of the most modern developments is. Their difference is the ability to evenly warm up from all sides and retain heat for a long time. Unlike channel stoves, bell-type or domed stoves do not have winding narrow channels, so they are no less susceptible to the settling of solid particles and narrowing of the chimney.
The principle of their action is this: the smoke from the firebox rises up, under the hood, where it lingers until it cools down, after which it goes down along the walls, heating them. The stove can have a whole cascade of hoods in which the smoke gradually cools down, so the efficiency of such stoves is very high.
Advantages of bell-type furnaces:
This stove is practically devoid of disadvantages, therefore it is very popular with summer residents and owners of country houses.
Bell-type stoves are an excellent choice for a summer residence, a country house, a cottage. Thanks to any possible number of cascades, it can heat several rooms at once, including on two floors.Any homeowner, faced with stove heating, tries to reduce labor costs, including the time spent burning the stove. Therefore, many are interested in the possibility fold a brick oven with a long burning mode.
However, this impossible for several reasons. The long burning mode, implemented in industrial metal stoves, implies a slow smoldering of wood, in which a large amount of smoke containing carbon monoxide is emitted. Industrial stoves equipped with a long burning mode have a sealed firebox, so that waste cannot get into the room.
In addition, in order to ensure a slow smoldering of wood, it is necessary to limit the flow of air into the firebox. In brick stoves, this can be done by covering the blower, but it is inconvenient to regulate the air supply in this way.
Partially the long burning mode can be realized in the "Dutch" and Russian stove. But you should not rely on the effectiveness of this method, it is better to choose a brick stove design that allows you to keep warm for a long time, or to purchase - their price is lower than that of brick models, and the efficiency is almost not inferior to them. 
Having made a decision, the first step is to choose a structure that meets the requests, find an ordering scheme and a description of the masonry, after which you can start buying material and purchased items. Laying a brick stove requires knowledge of the basic techniques of work.
Video: do-it-yourself oven laying
The choice of the correct design of the stove and high-quality masonry are the key to its long and safe operation ... A do-it-yourself wood-fired brick stove will decorate any home, moreover, this heating method is reliable and allows you to create coziness and a favorable temperature regime.
Once upon a time, classic brick ovens for a house were its obligatory attribute and the only way to heat it. Professional stove-makers were in demand and respected. Today, there are many new space heating products that operate on different energy sources, starting with solid fuel ending with electricity. However, good stove-makers remain in demand and the online request for "brick ovens for the house, drawings with orders" remains frequent.
Some build stoves for a bathhouse, for a summer residence, or simply because of the remoteness of housing, which is why there is no alternative. Different types ovens can perform a heating function, on some models it is possible to cook traditional dishes. Some are large in size, others are compact and pre-fabricated. Some plan before building a house, while others need to fit into an existing room. Stoves are ordered or made by hand in order to save money, others are erected to fill the decor. In any case, all such equipment should be built of high-quality and suitable materials, in accordance with the existing SNiPom. In the vastness of the Internet, you can find any drawings with orders, but you need to understand that it will not be so easy to build a stove for a house with your own hands.
Why does a brick oven remain competitive, more and more are being built, so many advantages?
It would seem that today there are many alternatives for heating, which are much more convenient to use, and according to manufacturers, they have a higher efficiency (efficiency). But why brick is still in demand in some areas or buildings. One of the reasons is that the brick stove "breathes".
This means that when the oven heats up, moisture is released from the base of the structure. When it cools, moisture is absorbed back. Due to this, it maintains a normal dew point in the room. It is this indicator that indicates that "a cozy atmosphere is maintained in the house."
The ability of a brick oven to "breathe" not only has a positive effect on human health, but will also make it possible to feel comfort even at a non-everyday level. With the heat engineering calculation of the house, the temperature indicators during the heating season are set in the range of 18-20 Celsius. At the same time, the air humidity should be optimal for health. The oven for the home provides optimal air humidity at a heating temperature of about 16 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, a person does not feel discomfort, clothes, bedding remain dry. At the same time, in panel houses, when using centralized water heating, even at a temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, excessive humidity can be felt.
For hot water heating, the optimal temperature range is 20-23 Celsius. And for electric heating with infrared emitters, the temperature should be even higher (since they dry the air a lot). It turns out that a brick oven with an efficiency of about 50% will be more profitable from the point of view of economy than modern systems, with indicators of 60-80%. Thus, the savings will be more significant, because the loss of heat at home depends on the temperature difference inside and outside the room.
Before proceeding with the construction, it is necessary to select the type and model of the future structure. The main criteria for selection will not be its appearance and ease of construction, but heat transfer (the ability to heat the required area).
When choosing a place for its placement, you should know that the side surfaces of the furnace have the greatest heat transfer. This factor is decisive when choosing a place.
Different models have a variety of forms:
They can perform functions heater for living rooms, or to be a space divider.
For a small house area, you should not choose too massive structures, even if they have a wide range of functions, they will take up too much space and give off too much heat. A lot of fuel is needed to warm up the entire furnace, and the heat transfer will be too great.
The location of the stove in relation to living rooms is also important, and the insulation of the whole house is also a criterion.
Furnace size table, taking into account the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe room
The oven consists of 3 main parts. Stove body, foundation and chimney leading out to the roof.
Furnace diagram example: 
The oven consists of:
The base of the masonry is performed in oblique shading from a simple red brick, on a cement-sand mortar. This part is located under the firebox and will not experience high thermal loads. The furnace part is laid out of red ceramic bricks, in combination with refractory (chamotte) material. As a clay mixture with sand (sometimes with the addition of chamotte) is used.
A sheet of metal and asbestos is laid in front of the blower door. The thickness of the asbestos layer should be about 5 mm. Its edges should be laid in the masonry of the stoves. Removal of a metal sheet at least 250 mm. The edges are tucked up, knocking to the floor.
Unlike cement-sand mortar, a mixture of clay and sand dries out, and does not set. Therefore, with constant exposure to moisture (especially in winter period), the solution is soaked. For this reason, some part of the furnace that does not experience high temperatures (up to 300 degrees Celsius) is placed on a cement-sand mortar. Portland cement grade 400 and quartz quarry sand are used.
To ensure the accumulation of soot in the lower part of the channels, the edges of the transitions are made to be rounded. Each new channel must be higher in height than the first (lower transition). It is much easier to clean the soot from the lower channels.
It is laid out from red ceramic bricks and ordinary cement-sand mortar. Such a brick is cheaper than fireclay, and the mortar is much stronger. We must not forget about cutting the chimney inside the apartment (in the ceilings). Cutting performs fire-fighting functions. A thick layer of bricks warms up more slowly in the event of a soot fire, and thus gives less heat load to the floor.
The upper chimney pipe (otter), which is located above the roof, performs decorative functions, is a side for precipitation. The draft in the furnace will depend on the height of the pipe.
The place of installation of the oven will depend on its effective work. Best location there will be an intersection of all walls in the house. If not larger area, it will be possible to effectively heat the entire space. The closer the oven is to the exit, the better. The heated air will prevent cold air from entering the outside. In addition, in this case it will be easier to deliver fuel for the firebox.
Factors to consider:
On the Internet, there are sources claiming that brick for ovens and refractory are one and the same. In fact, they have only linear dimensions in common. The dimensions of a regular single building brick are 250 by 125 by 65 mm, and a standard oven brick has a size of 230 by 114 by 40 mm. Sometimes 230 x 114 x 65 mm is found. In the construction of the furnace, special high-quality bricks of grade 150 are used. It is resistant to temperatures up to 800 degrees. The entire furnace could be built from it, but it cools down quickly and is not suitable for a full-fledged furnace.
Fireclay bricks are used for laying the furnace channels in the furnace section. It can withstand high thermal loads. It is used in Swedish ovens or in sauna ovens. It is able to withstand temperatures up to 1800 degrees, but in home ovens, this temperature does not exist. It is appreciated for its other qualities - the ability to keep warm for a long time. It makes no sense to build the entire furnace body from it, since it is very expensive and has low strength.
To distinguish high-quality chamotte from low-quality, there is an opinion that it should have a yellowish tint. But such a calculation is not correct, since chamotte can change color depending on its deposit. A sign of high-quality chamotte is the fineness of the brick. Another way checks - check to the sound. The brick is tapped with a hammer. The sound should be clear and clear, not muffled. The last way to determine the quality of a material is radical. Break the brick in half and look at the break. High-quality fireclay breaks into large pieces.
As a substitute for expensive fireclay, clinker bricks are sometimes used in furnace construction. It is the same de red ceramic, only it is fired at elevated temperatures... It has greater strength and fire resistance.
Silicate white is not suitable for any part. It is not resistant to heat stress and absorbs moisture too much.
As sand in the cement-sand mortar, quarry sand of the middle fraction is used. It is sieved through a sieve to filter out large fractions and various organic inclusions. The presence of additional inclusions in this case is very important. All organic impurities will burn from heating, because of which the masonry will crack and begin to crumble.
For laying the stove, you will have to use several types of mortar based on:
It is characterized by its plasticity. It is used in places experiencing high temperature loads. This solution is cheap in price. Clay can be easily found on almost any plot of land, having previously cleaned it. It can withstand temperatures up to 1100 degrees Celsius. This mixture dries when exposed to high temperatures, but gets wet when exposed to moisture. The masonry of the stove can always be disassembled and reassembled. But you cannot lay the foundation on such a solution.
A mixture of clay with the addition of chamotte is used in the furnace parts. Such a solution can withstand the highest thermal loads.
The lime mixture is used on the foundation masonry or for the chimney. This solution is strong enough, but only withstands 450 degrees Celsius.
Cement-limestone is even stronger than conventional limestone, but the refractoriness is further reduced. They are used in the foundation.
Cement-sand mortar is used for masonry chimney... He possesses best performance strength and resistance to atmospheric precipitation. The seams of such a solution will not allow smoke to pass through and dig into the room and will provide good traction for the firebox.
Medium size country house are about 15-20 sq. m. With a consumption of only 280 bricks, you can build a small stove measuring 2 meters by 3 meters and a heat capacity coefficient of 1.90 kW. As mentioned earlier, the furnace part is made of refractory bricks, and the whole body is erected from ceramic red.
The figure shows a sectional view of the furnace design
Every beginner can easily make such a simple option out of bricks with his own hands, even without making mistakes.
Despite its small size and light weight, it still requires the construction of a separate foundation. The foundation must also withstand the pressure of the chimney.
The thickness of the joint for masonry should be standard 8-10 mm, while the thickness of the joint between refractory bricks should be half as much.
It is better not to change the blueprint if you have no experience.
For such a stove, the chimney is laid in the brick floor.
Amount of material:
You will need about 210 pieces of regular bricks, about 75 pieces of fireclay. On clay mortar it will take about 70 liters. Sand 0.4 cubic meters m. One grate, a door for the furnace, blower and cleaning. Two smoke dampers. A sheet of metal on the foundation. For waterproofing about 3 meters of roofing material.
The number of bricks is approximate, since there will be a certain percentage of brick breakage.
Such a furnace has an efficiency of 80 percent. It has a beautiful appearance. You can cook food on such a stove and there is a stove bench in its design. The masonry and construction schemes are quite simple. Its main drawback is the design feature, due to which it heats up only the upper part of the room. But in our country, it is still popular.
What it consists of:
Large, small and medium-sized ovens are erected by their size. Consider a small one, measuring 1270 by 650 by 2380 mm.
Necessary materials:
Red bricks, about 1620 pieces. The mortar from the clay will take about 1000 liters. Made of steel, a plug measuring 430 by 340, a gate valve measuring 300 by 300 (two pieces), a samovar measuring 140 by 140 (one).
Order of the Russian stove:
Row number 1 is laid out of solid ceramic bricks, on a lime mortar with the addition of cement. The sub-baking part is being formed;
Row number 2 to number 4, a well is laid out. All sutures are tied. On the one hand, leave room for baking;
Rows No. 5 to No. 7 erect a vault over the firing;
Rows No. 8 to No. 10 a vault castle is being erected;
Row number 11 lay out a cold stove. Sand is poured into the remaining space between the stove and the oven;
Row number 12 is laid out "under". It is made of special bricks;
Row 13 is the beginning of the cooking chamber;
Rows number 14 to 16 are made in the same way as the previous one;
Row number 17 establish the arches of the mouths;
Row No. 18 - laying of the furnace walls;
Row No. 19 of the vault wall;
Row number 20 with the help of halves of bricks narrow the hole above the pole;
Row # 21 line the walls;
Row No. 22 stage of alignment and reduction of the front-pipe part;
Row number 23 lay out a samovar;
Rows from No. 24 to No. 32 installation of view gate valves;
Row number 32 chimney masonry. In a Russian stove, a chimney is placed in 2 bricks.
Some features can be seen in Fig.
Before tackling the laying of stoves, it is worth trying to lay out at least one without mortar in order to understand the essence of the schemes. But with effort and patience, everyone can make the oven with their own hands.
In the proposed video, you can see the order of the heating furnace:
History wood stove dates back centuries, if not millennia. V different countries the most best models received a well-deserved distribution.
Such designs are still used today, both in the classical form and with some additions.
This design was created by Russian craftsmen. The design is not complicated and does not require a lot of space. But this does not prevent her from giving off the accumulated heat well.
Large and multifunctional oven. But its size justifies the presence - free space where you can relax. There is a firebox under the stove bench, you can cook food in it. There is a stove next to the firebox, and just below the blower, which supports the fire. There is also a niche for freshly prepared food.
A Russian stove will easily warm up a room whose size exceeds 40 square meters. But a full-fledged robot will require a lot of raw materials.
Treat compact options. Length and width - 1 meter... The main function is to heat the room, but you can also cook food on it. The peculiarity of such a stove is that a stove is built in the kitchen, and the rest will be in another part of the house.
This design is fire hazardous. But the risk of fire is reduced by using dampers.
Furnace device diagram
If we talk about stoves, fireplaces, then at once a kind of brick building appears, which serves as a decoration for the apartment. but decorative fireplace and a fireplace stove are not the same thing. Considering the devices associated with the word "fireplace", the following varieties can be distinguished: a decorative (artificial) fireplace, a working fireplace and a fireplace stove. An artificial hearth is a design element, not equipment for heating a living space. Real fireplace consists of a portal, firebox and chimney. It will not be difficult to fold it. Depending on the installation method, there are 3 main types:
Brick fireplace stoves can have various shapes according to the chosen style. The classic version is a U-shaped design with decorative elements.... D-shaped construction is typical for country style. The hearth is rectangular or semicircular in shape, reflecting the Art Nouveau style.
The fireplace stove is a kind of hybrid between a household stove and a fireplace. The device quickly heats up the room and is suitable for cooking any kind of food, heating water and food, drying mushrooms and fruits. Furnace masters offer a range of various designs, which are conveniently placed in a house of any layout (Fig. 6). In inclement weather, a brick fireplace stove creates a special comfort in the house.
Finnish brick ovens got their name because of their fairly widespread use in the Scandinavian countries. Their popularity in Russia is due to the similarity of the climate and requirements for heating products. They belong to the bell-type types, the room is heated due to the transfer of heat from the massive body of the stove.
The advantages of this type include:
Finca brick oven
Finnish stove drawing
The Finnish stove has a very large combustion chamber
Typically, such products are installed in the center of the room.
From the very name of heating stoves, it becomes clear that these stoves are designed for heating premises, both residential and non-residential (garage, hangar, greenhouse, etc.).
- How are brick ovens arranged?
- What types of brick ovens are there?
- What are co-current or bell-type furnaces? What is the difference?
In this article, we will consider options for brick-built heating stoves. The variety of such stoves is great and they differ primarily in the internal structure of the smoke channels.
In such a system, a cleaning door must be installed on each horizontal channel to remove ash and soot that settles on the horizontal surface of the channels. In such a furnace, hot gases do not linger in the furnace itself, but give off heat only in the direction of movement towards the chimney.
In this design of the furnace, there are heat pockets in the channels, in which heat is accumulated. The average section of the channel along the entire length became larger, which led to a decrease in the velocity of gas movement. At a lower speed of gas movement, heat transfer from hot gases to the body of the furnace itself increases. This design of the furnace is more heat-intensive, respectively, with a higher efficiency.
Such a channel system creates more resistance to the movement of gases, which is both a plus and a minus of this system. Minus - a higher chimney is needed to pull gases through the channels of the furnace. Plus - such a furnace is less blown out due to the greater resistance in the channels. Accordingly, this system is more heat-intensive than the first option. The second drawback is overheating of the first channel, and as a result, the emergence of serious internal stresses. (read - cracking the masonry of the furnace body).
This system differs from the system with vertical channels (version 2) in that the drop channel is wider in it. This leads to the fact that the speed of gas movement in it decreases and the heat exchange between the hot gases and the walls of the furnace itself increases. This option is preferable to option 2.
This system is based on the principle of free movement of gases. It does not have heat channels through which gases move, but there is a bell. Hot gases, rising to the top, the hoods cool down (giving off their heat to the stove), go down and go out into the chimney. After all the wood in the stove has burned out, hot gases remain in the bell, which continue to give off their heat. A high chimney is not needed for such a stove. This oven is practically not blown out. The cap or caps can be different shapes and size, which allows you to make an oven of any shape and size. Any fuel can be used in bell-type furnaces, even gas and electric heaters. In bell-type furnaces, the efficiency is higher and they are more economical. This system is more advantageous than options 1 2 3.
The use of combined systems of smoke circulation in furnaces is allowed. The combinations are different and there are many of them. When designing, it is possible to combine vertical, horizontal turns and caps in different versions.
As an example, a combination of horizontal ducts with a countercurrent system. There is also a forward flow system.
Smoke circulation of a furnace with a direct flow system
Smoke exhaust from a furnace with a co-flow system and slits
Such a system is not suitable for a heating stove, but it is suitable for fireplaces, barbecues, Russian stoves and, in some cases, for sauna stoves. You can, of course, improve this scheme by adding a heat load with incisions to it, but all the same, such a system is not very suitable for heating a room. Heating stoves allow the use of additional functions. Common options for such ovens:
Heating stoves can be combined. You can put the stove and the oven, the register and the oven, etc. at the same time. You can make a stove with two fireboxes. Each firebox operates at its own load (which is more correct). Such heating stoves can be combined with a fireplace (open or closed). Also, such stoves can be made with a stove bench and or with a heating shield on the second floor.
There are a great many options for heating stoves. You can always choose for yourself the oven that most fully meets your requirements.
In addition to the specifics of the functions, other parameters can be used to classify brick ovens.
In shape, there are the following options for stoves for a brick house:
The shape of the stove is usually chosen based on the specifics of the installation site and the preferences of the owners of the house.
There are also varieties of stoves for a house according to the furnace model, where the main parameter is the wall thickness:
As a rule, the finished brick structure of the furnace is additionally finished in one way or another.
For these purposes, the following can be used:
The choice of finishing option mainly depends on the general interior of the home and the type of brick stove. The first three options will require the use of a special heat-resistant solution based on high-quality clay. In principle, for this you can use the same mixture on which the laying was carried out. Factory-packaged dry powders are especially good in this regard: to prepare a ready-made solution, they must be diluted in water, in the proportions indicated on the package. In the case of plaster, an additional reinforcing steel mesh is usually used, which is fixed on brick walls... Plastering work is allowed only after complete drying of the masonry.
As for cladding with decorative bricks or tile, then for these purposes only special heat-resistant samples can be used that can tolerate significant temperature fluctuations well. In some cases, brick walls are left without any finishing, however, for this, the masonry must be performed as efficiently as possible. It is also allowed in cases where the external design ovens do not have special requirements. This happens, for example, if a heating structure is being built somewhere in a garage, shed or greenhouse.
An additional parameter when choosing a stove structure is the shape of the chimney.
She may be:
| Illustrations | Description of elements |
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Foundation... This structural element takes over the load from the entire structure. That is, the foundation is the foundation to which the weight of the furnace, chimney and other massive and heavy parts is transferred. The foundation is placed directly on the ground and repeats the structure of the foundation on which the house is being built. The furnace foundation is built separately from load-bearing walls, from the base of the house, etc. If the wall is located nearby, a gap of 3-5 mm is maintained when building the foundation. The gap is needed so that the base under the heavy brick structure is independently movable relative to the elements in the structure of the house. |
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Shantsy... These are the first few rows in the furnace design, starting from the foundation. The use of trenches allows you to increase the transfer of heat into the room. The best option is 2-3 rows brickwork starting from the foundation. |
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Blower (ash pan). This component has two functions:
In order for the blower to perform the listed tasks, a door is installed in it. By opening the door to the desired width, traction can be controlled. Again, the accumulated ash can be removed through this door. The instructions for using the blower are simple - after the fuel has burned out, the door must be completely closed. As a result, warm air will remain in the firebox and will not go into the chimney. |
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Firebox (firebox)... A firebox is a chamber designed to burn coal, wood or other solid fuels. When building the furnace, fire-resistant fireclay bricks are used. To protect the room from sparks and hot coals, a furnace door is installed at the entrance to the firebox. A traditional Russian stove is made with an open firebox, that is, it does not have a door. In the lower part of the firebox there is a grate. In the part of the firebox farthest from the door, there is a hole (hailo) at the top, designed to remove smoke. So that during the operation of the furnace, ash and hot coals do not fall out through the open door of the furnace, in the lower part of the furnace, before installing the door, the level rises slightly to make it look like a step |
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Smoke ducts (smoke flows). These elements simultaneously remove smoke from the firebox to the chimney and take away heat. In order for the smoke to give up its heat, the smoke channels are made as long as possible. As a result, the temperatures at the inlet to the channel and at the outlet can differ significantly. But the device of smoke circulation is planned in such a way that these channels, from time to time, could be cleaned of accumulated soot. Incorrectly designed flue ducts are the reason for the rapid cooling of the stove, since most of the heat goes into the chimney. Otherwise, improper design of the flue ducts makes it difficult to draft, which also reduces the heating efficiency. |
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Chimney ( chimney)
... This element is directly connected to the smoke channels and is designed to create thrust.
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When choosing a brick oven for a house, you should decide on the functions that it should perform. In addition to the presence of a cooking panel, it is worth noting the following criteria:
Many owners country cottages prefer to install decorative stoves to give a special design to the room. In this case, the best option would be a classic Russian stove; ease of use.
Important! You should choose a stove for a brick house with a professional stove-maker. He will help you choose the best option, tell you what material to use and how to masonry.
The stove can be installed in different places in the room, but the most optimal location will be built-in into walls between adjacent rooms... In this case, with a small area of the house, you can get by with one heating structure, if the heat-transfer surface is proportional to the size of the rooms into which they exit.
It is very important to correctly determine the place of construction of a brick oven.
The place chosen for the construction needs to be well measured and some points should be taken into account:
What nuances do you need to know before you start laying the stove?
Brick stoves are ideal for heating a private house or summer cottage. They not only effectively warm up the room, but also create a unique home comfort in it.
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The main function for which the device is laid is to heat the room. Brick is the material that is able to accumulate heat, and then give it away for a long time.
In addition to heating, a stove device for a home has several features that distinguish it from stoves for other rooms (baths, etc.). It can be used to:
When choosing a stove heating device, you should pay attention to the heat needs of the room.
If you want to make a stove for a residential building, then you need to take into account the fact that it will be used very often and its power must be maximum. For heating small cottage or rooms with a small area, a small brick stove can be used for a summer residence.
When choosing the most optimal oven, you need to decide for what needs it will be used.
Example of a brick oven
There are three main types: heating, cooking and heating and cooking units.
There are many models of stove devices, which are different in both their shape and function. The most popular are Russian, Dutch and Swedish kiln units. They are slightly inferior to the Finnish, Kuznetsov's stove and the housekeeper.
This multifunctional design with large dimensions is one of the oldest models. In the past, it was very common: in every home, the presence of a beautiful Russian stove was a must.
Russian stove
The main advantages are:
Despite their advantages, such wood-fired brick ovens for a house have several disadvantages:
Another very popular model is the Dutch oven. This design, which looks like a column, really liked the owners of summer cottages and small rooms. Its height is much higher than its width, so the Dutch model takes up little space.
Dutch oven
Advantages of a Dutch-type wood-fired brick oven:
Disadvantages of this model:
Designed for the cold climate of the Nordic countries, this model is ideal for our region.
Stove "Shvedka"
The advantages of this model:
Disadvantages:
This is a small Russian brick stove for a summer residence or a house can be installed even in a small room. Its design is very simple, but the oven can also be used for cooking. This model is gaining more and more popularity, because its dimensions contribute to the rational use of space.
Housekeeper
Advantages of a housekeeping oven:
Disadvantages:
Such a heating device differs from other types in a special design: one furnace body is located inside the other.
Furnace Advantages:
Disadvantages of this type of oven device:
The heating device got its name thanks to the name of the developer Kuznetsov. The principle of operation of such a unit is based on the movement of free gases.
Kuznetsov furnace
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
In addition to the above models, there are others, less common:
The place where the stove is located in the house or country house is important. The best option is to equip the oven near a wall with an adjacent room.
With this arrangement, you can heat several small rooms with one heating device. And in this case, there is no need to install several heating structures in one house.
Do not install the oven near an external wall. With such heating, some of the heat will go outside, and this will lead to an inefficient use of fuel resources.
When choosing an installation site, various factors must be taken into account:
Not a bad installation option
Choosing a place to install the oven is one of the most important steps. If you make a mistake already during this period, then even the most correct brickwork and good wood fuel will be unable to help in long-term heating of the entire room.
A simple stove for a summer cottage or a private house can have different design... There are many models of heating devices made of bricks, which differ in both appearance and functional characteristics.
When choosing a type, one should take into account the purpose of the unit, the size of the room and the period of operation. One of the main steps is the choice of the location of the stove: it should be installed near a wall with an adjacent room. This is how you achieve the most optimal temperature for the whole house.
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