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Truck washing. Car wash design Complete truck wash project

In this diploma project, an analysis of the economic activity of the vehicle fleet of the branch of OOO GT Tchaikovsky Almaznoye LPU MG was made, which shows that its general financial condition is stable, although adjustments in its economic development are desirable.

To increase the productivity of the vehicle fleet, to reduce the operating costs for its maintenance, an effective form of maintenance has been developed in the diploma project. To improve the efficiency of maintenance and repair of cars, it is necessary to reconstruct the maintenance area with the development of a car wash station.

Timely and high-quality performance of washing works allows you to visually detect faults that have appeared, increases the productivity and quality of subsequent maintenance and repair operations, and is important for increasing the durability and technical readiness of rolling stock.

A design development is presented - an installation for car washing, which will significantly reduce labor and time costs when washing cars.

As a result of the improvement in the design of the jet installation for car washing, nozzles with a conoidal nozzle profile were introduced and the working pressure was increased, which made it possible to increase the washing efficiency. In accordance with this, hydraulic, kinematic and strength calculations were made.

In the course of work on the graduation project, a car wash installation was developed. The introduction of this unit made it possible to reduce the labor intensity of this operation by 79.95%. As a result, labor productivity in this operation has increased.

The obtained technical and economic indicators for the reconstruction of the projected section allow us to conclude that the introduction of a car wash installation and the development of a car wash station are economically profitable and expedient.

The project also highlights safety requirements for vehicle maintenance, fire safety measures and general measures to reduce industrial injuries. A safety manual has been developed for the maintenance and repair of cars. An environmental assessment of the vehicle maintenance point is also given, from which it follows that, in general, the project complies with the norms and requirements of environmental safety.

After analyzing compliance with environmental legislation by the Almaznoye LPU MG, the following was revealed: production wastes such as scrap, batteries, rubber products, technical fluids are disposed of in accordance with the requirements and produced by agreement with organizations specializing in the disposal of this type of waste.

To improve environmental and sanitary safety at the enterprise, I propose to ensure the implementation of the following tasks:

Development and implementation of environmentally friendly, waste-free and resource-saving technologies for maintenance and repair of vehicles;
Development of measures to reduce industrial emissions, discharges and waste;
Use of environmentally friendly materials;
Development and introduction of a system of economic incentives for personnel actions to improve environmental safety.

Introduction 8

1. Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise 10

1.1 Brief description of the enterprise 10
1.2 Analysis of the use of MTP 16
1.3 Cost-effectiveness of car fleet maintenance 21
1.4 Technology and organization of the transport process in ATC 24
1.5 Production areas, organization of the technological process of maintenance and repair in the projected ATC 24
1.6 Conclusion on section 28

2. Technological calculation 30

2.1 Calculation of the production program 30
2.2 Determination of the amount of TO, TR and diagnostic impacts per year 37
2.3 Annual scope of maintenance and repair work 40
2.4 Distribution of work by type of work and by place of performance 42
2.5 Determining the number of production workers 43
2.6 Technological calculation of the washing station 48
2.7 Calculation of the annual production program 51
2.8 Calculation of the number of posts 53
2.9 Calculation of the number of production workers 54
2.10 Determining the need for technological equipment 55
2.11 Calculation of the area of the UMR zone and production sites 56
2.12 Conclusion under section 57

3. Design part 58

3.1 Design Justification 58
3.2 Overview of existing structures 58
3.3 Purpose and scope of the projected installation, brief technical characteristics 60
3.4 Hydraulic calculation of the sink 61
3.5 Calculation of the pumping unit 66
3.6 Kinematic calculation 69
3.7 Strength calculation of installation elements 82
3.8 Design and operation of a car wash installation 84
3.9 Conclusion per section 86

4. Feasibility study of the project 87

4.1 Capital Investment Calculation 87
4.2 Costing 89
4.3 Wages of production workers 89
4.4 Calculating the cost of materials 92
4.5 Overhead 92
4.6 Feasibility study of the designed structure 97
4.7 Determination of the cost of manufacturing a given structure 98
4.8 Conclusion on section 102

5. Life safety and environmental safety 103

5.1 Analysis of working conditions and labor protection 104
5.2 Safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of vehicles 105
5.3 Measures to reduce occupational injuries 116
5.4 Environmental safety of the vehicle maintenance point 117
5.5 Sources of environmental pollution during maintenance and repair of transport 117
5.6 Measures to reduce harmful effects 119
5.7 Measures for waste water treatment 120
5.8 Conclusion under section 122

Conclusion 123

Introduction

1. General part

1.1 Characteristics of the enterprise

1.2 Characteristics of the vehicle fleet

1.3 Project rationale

1.4 Goals and objectives of the project

Settlement and technological part

1 Determination of the scope of work on the site

2 Determination of the number of jobs and jobs

2.3 Choice of site technology

2.4 Selection of technological equipment

2.5 Determination of the area of the site

3. Design part

3.1 Description of the fixture

3.2 Calculation of the fixture

4. Technological part

4.1 Description of the RB 6000 sink

Economic part

5.1 Calculation of capital investments

5.2.2 Calculation of lighting costs

5.2.3 Calculation of water costs

5.2.4 Costs of replacing filter cartridges

5.2.5 Calculation of the cost of special clothing

5.2.6 Calculation of the cost of reimbursement of wear and tear of low-value and high-wear tools and accessories

5.2.7 Calculation of the cost of power energy per year

5.2.8 Calculation of overhead costs

5.2.9 Calculation of miscellaneous costs

5.3 Calculation of cost estimates

5.4 Economic efficiency of the project

5.5 Calculation of the payback period of the project

... Safety and fire safety measures

6.1 Safety measures

6.2 Fire-fighting measures

... Environmental protection measures

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Automobile transport, unlike other types of vehicles, is the most massive and convenient for the transportation of goods and passengers over relatively short distances and plays an important role in the transport system.

During the operation of the car, there is a change in its technical state and the state of its units, which can lead to a partial or complete loss of performance. The method of ensuring the operability of vehicles in operation with the least total, material and labor costs and losses of time, as well as maintaining this operability, is called maintenance.

The regulation of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on the maintenance and repair of vehicles of the Substation of road transport defined a scheduled preventive maintenance and repair system.

A feature of this system is that preventive maintenance work is carried out in a planned manner after the established mileage.

The safe operation of the car largely depends on the timely and high-quality performance of maintenance. The main purpose of maintenance is to prevent and delay the moment when the vehicle reaches its maximum technical state. This is ensured, firstly, by preventing the occurrence of a failure by monitoring and bringing the parameters of the technical condition of vehicles (units, mechanisms) to nominal or close to them values; secondly, the prevention of the moment of the onset of failure as a result of a decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition parameter and a decrease in the rate of wear of mating parts due to lubrication, adjusting, fastening and other types of work.

TO, according to the frequency, list and labor intensity of the work performed, is divided into the following types:

daily maintenance (EO);

first TO (TO-1)

second TO (TO-2)

seasonal maintenance (CO)

The main purpose of the EO is the general control of the technical condition of the car, aimed at ensuring traffic safety, maintaining proper appearance, refueling with fuel, oil and coolant. EO is performed after the work of the PS and before leaving it on the line.

TO-1 and TO-2 are produced upon reaching a certain mileage (depending on the type and model of PS TO-1 - after 2-4 thousand km, TO-2 - after 6-20 thousand km). During TO-1 and TO-2, diagnostics and maintenance of units responsible for traffic safety and elements providing traction and economic properties are performed.

Maintenance operations are carried out with preliminary control. The main method of performing control works is diagnostics, which is designed to determine the technical condition of the vehicle, its assemblies, components and systems without disassembly and is a technological element of maintenance. In addition to the maintenance work itself, MOT includes work carried out to maintain the proper appearance and sanitary condition of the car: cleaning, washing, drying.

In the process of regular maintenance, the technical condition parameters are maintained within the specified limits, however, due to wear of parts, breakdowns and other reasons, the resource of the car (unit, mechanism) is consumed, and at a certain moment the breakdown can no longer be eliminated by preventive maintenance methods, that is, the car requires restoration of lost working capacity, but despite this, maintenance and repair of road transport is an objective necessity, which is due to technical and economic reasons.

Firstly, the need of the national economy for automobiles is satisfied through the operation of repaired automobiles.

Secondly, maintenance and repair ensures the further use of those parts of the car that are not completely worn out. As a result, a significant amount of past labor remains.

Thirdly, maintenance and repair helps to save materials used for the manufacture of new cars. When restoring parts, the consumption is 20-30 times less than when manufacturing them.

1. General part

1 Characteristics of the enterprise

LLC "NPATP-1" is located at V. Novgorod st. Nekhinskaya d. 1.

At the moment, the company is engaged in both urban and intercity passenger transportation. On the territory of the enterprise there is a canteen for park employees, an EO point, a TO, TR, garages for rolling stock, there is also a medical control before going to work. The NPATP-1 enterprise is old and needs to be reorganized and redesigned for the rolling stock service areas.

Mostly before the enterprise was engaged in intercity transportation, but since 2007 it was decided to shift part of the city load from MUP PAT-2 to NPATP-1.

In my project, I design a wash for buses NPATP-1

2 Vehicle fleet characteristics

NPATP-1 fleet consists of 111 buses: different brands and models.

For payments I accept buses:

LiAZ-52937, 13 pcs. Average daily mileage is 170 km. Big

VolvoB10L33 pcs. Average daily mileage is 200 km. Big

PAZ 320401 39 pcs. Average daily mileage 210 km Small

Volvo B10MC26 pcs. Average daily mileage 230 km Extra long

The climatic region is temperate

The number of buses is taken as a percentage of the actual number at NPATP-1 to the total number of buses at the ATP.

That is, the real number of selected buses at NPATP-1:

LiAZ-52937, 2 pcs.

Volvo B10L 5 pcs.

PAZ 320401 6 pcs.

Volvo B10M4 pcs.

The total number of buses of different brands on the ATP is 111, and in the selected 17, the number 17 was taken as 100% from this it follows that 1% = 0.17 buses, then we get a percentage for each brand of bus from the selected list:

LiAZ-52937 - 11.7%

Volvo B10L - 29.4%

PAZ 320401 - 35.4%

LiAZ-52937


Bus class
Bus destination	Urban
Basic parameters of modifications
Wheel formula
Length / width / height, mm

Front / rear overhangs, mm
Number / width of doors, mm
Total number of seats (including seats)
Min. turning radius, m

Power unit
Engine model	Cummins-CG-250, gas


Gas consumption per 100 km, m3

B10L

Model Volvo B10L
Bus class
Bus destination	Urban
Number of seats	23 (24, 25, 30)+1
Passenger capacity, people	112 (109, 106, 99)
The mass of the equipped bus, kg
Full mass of the bus, kg
Gross weight distribution, kg:
front axle
rear axle
Step height above the road level, mm
Floor height per area middle doors, mm
Maximum speed, km / h
Power unit
Engine model	VOLVO B10L ARTICULATED GAS 213
Number and arrangement of engine cylinders
Engine environmental safety standards
Gas consumption per 100 km, m3
Number of kilometers with a full tank from refueling to refueling within / outside the city

PAZ 320401


Bus class
Appointment	urban
Wheel formula
Body type	carrier of wagon layout
Body resource
Length Width Height	7600 mm / 2410 mm / 2880 mm

Interior ceiling height
Number of doors
Total number of seats (including seats)
Curb weight / full	2580 kg / 6245 kg
5055 kg / 8825 kg
Fuel tank capacity

Steering gear
Ventilation	Natural through sunroofs and side windows
Control fuel consumption at 60km / h / 80km / h	19l / 22l per 100km

B10M


Bus class	Extra large
Bus destination	Urban
Wheel formula
Body type	Carrier, wagon layout
Body resource, years
Length / width / height, mm	17350 / 2500 / 3075

Power unit
Engine model
Number and arrangement of engine cylinders
Engine environmental safety standards
Gas consumption per 100 km, m3
Number of kilometers with a full tank from refueling to refueling within / outside the city

Bus brand	List quantity	Average daily mileage (km)	Park readiness

Climatic conditions: moderate.

1.3 Project rationale

Since earlier the enterprise was mainly engaged in intercity transportation, and now it is engaged in both intercity and urban transportation of citizens, the load on the fleet has increased.

In this regard, new vehicles were purchased in order to cope with the load, and every year the rolling stock increases by several buses, so it is necessary to monitor the progress of maintenance and repair of the substation in order for it to perform its proper functions. This requires the expansion and reorganization of the sections serving the rolling stock.

1.4 Goals and objectives of the project

NPATP-1 rolling stock external washing project is focused on

to create a stable function of cleaning and washing of the company's vehicles using a mechanized wash.

To do this, it is necessary to calculate the amount of work on the EO, which includes the washing of the substation, and based on these calculations, calculate the required number of posts and workers, as well as the necessary equipment for organizing the effective work of the site.

2. Settlement and technological part

1 Determination of the scope of work on the site

We determine the frequency of TO-1, To-2 and the mileage to KR by the formulas:

Where is the normative frequency of TO-1;

Regulatory frequency of TO-2

Normative resource mileage of the car to the Kyrgyz Republic

Rolling stock modification

Climatic region

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

TO-1 5000 * 0.8 * 1 = 4000 km = 4000 km

TO-2 20000 * 0.8 * 1 = 16000 km = 16000 km

KR 500000 * 0.8 * 1 * 1 = 400000 km = 400000 km

PAZ-320401

TO-1 5000 * 0.8 * 1 = 4000 km = 4000 km

TO-2 20000 * 0.8 * 1 = 16000 km = 16000 km

KR 400,000 * 0.8 * 1 * 1 = 320,000 km = 320,000 km

TO-1 5000 * 0.8 * 1 = 4000 km = 4000 km

TO-2 20000 * 0.8 * 1 = 16000 km = 16000 km

KR400000 * 0.8 * 1 * 1 = 320,000 km = 320,000 km

For the convenience of scheduling the implementation of TO-1, TO-2 and subsequent growths, the mileage between individual types of TO and KR is adjusted with the average daily mileage. The correction consists in the selection of numerical values of the frequency of mileage in kilometers for each type of maintenance and mileage to KR, multiples of each other and the average daily mileage and close in magnitude to the established standards.

We correct the frequency as a multiple of the average daily mileage.

The multiplicity of TO-1, TO-2 and KR is determined by the formula:

Where is the corrected mileage to TO-1, TO-2 and KR

Average daily mileage.

We get that:

TO-1 4000/170 = 23.52 accept 23

* 170 = 3910 km 3910 km

* 39100 = 15640km 15680 km

KR 400000/15640 = 25.57 accept 25

* 15640 = 391000 km 391000 km

TO-1 4000/200 = 20 accept20

* 200 = 4000 km 4000 km

TO-2 16000/4000 = 4 I accept

* 4000 = 16000km16000km

KR 400000/16000 = 25 I accept 25

* 16000 = 400000km 400000 km

PAZ-320401

TO-1 4000/210 = 19.04 accept 19

* 210 = 3990 km 3990 km

TO-2 16000/3990 = 4.01 accept

* 3990 = 15960 km 15960 km

KR320000 / 15960 = 20.05 I accept 20

* 15960 = 319200km319200km

TO-1 4000/230 = 17.39 accept 17

* 230 = 3910 km 3910 km

TO-2 16000/3910 = 4.09 accept

* 3910 = 15640 km 15640 km

KR320000 / 15640 = 20.46 I accept 20

* 15640 = 312800 km312800 km

The calculation results are summarized in table №1.

Table No. 1 The results of calculating the frequency of maintenance and mileage to KR

Rolling stock model

Multiple value

Determine the number of KR, TO-1, TO-2 according to the following formulas

Number of CD

Number TO-2

Number TO-1

Number of EO

We get that:

Number of CD

Number TO-2

391000/15640-1=24

Number TO-1

391000/3910-(1+24)=75

Number of EO

391000/170=2300

Number of CD

Number TO-2

400000/16000-1=24

Number TO-1

400000/4000-(1+24)=75

Number of EO

392000/280=1400

PAZ-320401

Number of CD

Number TO-2

319200/15960-1=19

Number TO-1

319200/3990-(1+19)=60

Number of EO

319200/210=1520

Number of CD

Number TO-2

312800/15640-1=19

Number TO-1

312800/3910-(1+19)=60

Number of EO

312800/230=1360

Calculation of the number of TO-1, TO-2, EO for one car per year.

To calculate individual types of impacts on one car per year, it is necessary to determine the coefficient of transition from cycle to year

The annual mileage is determined by the formula:

Where - the number of days of work of the enterprise in a year;

Average daily mileage of the vehicle;

Technical readiness factor.

Determination of the coefficient of technical readiness:

When calculating, the idle time of the rolling stock associated with the decommissioning of the vehicle is usually taken into account, i.e. downtime in KR, TO-2 and TR. Therefore, downtime in HU and TO-1, performed between shift times, is not taken into account.

Where is the specific idle rate per 1000 km for ONTP;

Coefficient taking into account the vehicle's mileage since the beginning of operation.

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

1/(1+170(0,35*1,0/1000))=0,94;=0,94

365 * 170 * 0.94 = 58327 km.; = 58327km

58327/391000=0,15;=0,15

1/(1+200(0,35*1,0/1000))=0,93; =0,93

365 * 200 * 0.93 = 67890 km; = 67890km

67890/400000=0,17; =0,17

PAZ-320401

1/(1+210(0,25*0,7/1000))=0,96;=0,96

365 * 210 * 0.96 = 73584 km.; = 73584 km

72819/319200=0,23;=0,23

1/(1+230(0,45*1,3/1000))=0,88; =0,88

365 * 230 * 0.88 = 73876 km; = 73876 km

73876/312800=0,24;=0,24

The annual number of EO, TO-1, TO-2 for one car is determined by the formula:

Number of TO-1 per year

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

2300*0,15=345=345

75*0,15=11,25=11,25

24*0,15=3,6=3,6

1400*0,17=238=238

75*0,17=12,75=12,75

*0,17=4,08=4,08

PAZ-320401

1520*0,23=349,6=349,6

60*0,23=13,8=13,8

19*0,23=4,37=4,37

1360*0,24=326,4=326,4

60*0,24=14,4=14,4

19*0,24=4,58=4,58

The calculation results are summarized in table 2.

Table No. 2 Calculation of the number of impacts on one list vehicle

Mobile Substation Model

Determination of the annual ATP program for maintenance and diagnostics of PS

Daily maintenance

Maintenance quantity TO-1

Number TO-2

Where is the listed number of the vehicle;

The annual program for diagnosing D-1 is determined by the formula:

The number of D-2 is determined by the formula:

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

345*13=4485=4485

11,25*13=146,25=146,25

3,6*13=46,8=46,8

25+46,8+0,1*146,25=207,68=207,68

46,8+0,2*46,8=56,16=56,16

238*33=7854=7854

12,75*33=420,75=420,75

4,08*33=134,64=134,64

420,75+134,64+0,1*420,75=597,47=597,47

134,64+0,2*134,64=161,57=161,57

PAZ-320401

349,6*39=13634,4=13634,4

13,8*39=538,2=538,2

4,37*39=170,43=170,43

538,2+170,43+0,1*538,2=762,45=762,45

170,43+0,2*170,43=204,52=204,52

Volvo B10MC

326,4*26=8486,4=8486,4

14,4*26=374,4=374,4

4,58*26=119,08=119,08

374,4+119,08+0,1*374,4=530,92=530,92

119,08+0,2*119,08=142,9=142,9

The calculation results are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3. The results of calculations of the ATP production program by types of maintenance and diagnostics

PS model

Calculation of the daily ATP program for maintenance and diagnostics

The daily program for maintenance and diagnostics is determined by the formula:

car fleet car wash post fire-fighting

where is the annual program for each type of maintenance or diagnostics separately (selected according to table 3);

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

4485/365 = 12.29 ob. = 12.29 ob.

25/365 = 0.4 obs. = 0.4 obs.

8/365 = 0.13 obs. = 0.13 obs.

68/365 = 0.57 obs. = 0.57 obs.

16/365 = 0.15 obs. = 0.15 obs.

7854/365 = 21.51 obs. = 21.51 obs.

75/365 = 1.15 obs. = 1.15 obs.

64/365 = 0.37 obs. = 0.37 obs.

47/365 = 1.64 obs. = 1.64 obs.

57/365 = 0.44 obs. = 0.44 obs.

PAZ-320401

13634.4 / 365 = 37.35 obs. = 37.35 obs.

2/365 = 1.47 obs. = 1.47 obs.

43/365 = 0.47 obs. = 0.47 obs.

45/365 = 2.09 obs. = 2.09 obs.

52/365 = 0.56 obs. = 0.56 obs.

8486.4 / 365 = 23.25 obs. = 23.25 obs.

4/365 = 1.03 obs. = 1.03 obs.

08/365 = 0.33obps. = 0.33 obs.

92/365 = 1.45 obs. = 1.45 obs.

9/365 = 0.39 obs. = 0.39 obs.

The calculation results are summarized in Table 4.

Table 4 The result of calculating the daily ATP program for maintenance and diagnostics

PS model

Determination of the annual scope of work (labor intensity in man-hours) for EO, TO-1, TO-2, TR. The calculation of the annual volume of work in man-hours for EO, TO-1, TO-2 is made on the basis of the annual production program and the labor intensity of servicing one car.

The annual volume of TR is determined by groups of one-brand PS based on the annual mileage of each group of PS and the specific labor intensity of the TR per thousand kilometers of run. Depending on the operating conditions, the standards for the labor intensity of TO and TR are adjusted by the coefficients

Standard labor intensity in table P4, P5

We determine the estimated labor intensity of the EO, taking into account manual processing using the means of mechanization:

Normative specific labor intensity of the EO;

The coefficient taking into account the modification of the PS;

Correction factor for the standard labor intensity of TO and TR, depending on the number of technologically compatible groups of rolling stock;

Share of mechanized SW work,%

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

5 * 1.25 * 1.2 * 0.65 = 0.49 = 0.49 person-hours.

0.5 * 1.25 * 1.2 * 0.65 = 0.49 = 0.49 person-hours.

3 * 1.25 * 1.1 * 0.65 = 0.27 = 0.27 person-hours.

8 * 1.25 * 1.2 * 0.65 = 0.78 = 0.78 man-hours.

With the full mechanization of the cleaning and washing operations of the EO, the labor intensity for the operator's work on the control of mechanized installations is provided for about 10% of the labor intensity.

Determine the estimated labor input TO-1:

Determine the complexity of TO-2:

Determine the specific standard labor intensity of the TR:

Correction factor for standards depending on operating conditions;

Coefficient of adjustment of standards depending on natural and climatic conditions;

Correction factor for the specific labor intensity of the TR;

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

2 * 1.2 * 1.25 * 1.0 * 0.8 * 1.2 = 7.56 man-hours = 7.56 man-hours.

0 * 1.25 * 1.2 = 13.5 people-hours = 13.5 people-hours.

0 * 1.25 * 1.2 = 54 people-hours = 54 people-hours.

2 * 1.2 * 1.25 * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.2 = 7.56 man-hours = 7.56 man-hours.

PAZ-320401

0 * 1.25 * 1.1 = 8.25 people-hours = 8.25 people-hours.

0 * 1.25 * 1.1 = 33 people-hours = 33 people-hours

0 * 1.2 * 1.25 * 1.0 * 0.8 * 1.1 = 3.56 people-hours = 3.96 people-hours.

0 * 1.25 * 1.2 = 27 people-hours = 27 people-hours

72.0 * 1.25 * 1.2 = 108 people-hours = 108 people-hours.

2 * 1.2 * 1.25 * 1.0 * 1.3 * 1.2 = 14.51 man-hours = 14.51 man-hours.

The calculation results are summarized in Table 5.

Table 5 Results of calculations for adjusting labor intensity

PS model

The annual volume of work for EO, TO-1, TO-2 is determined by the product of the adjusted labor input by the annual program of this type of TO

Annual SW program:

Annual scope of work TO-1

Annual scope of work TO-2

Annual volume of work on TR

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

49 * 4485 = 2197.65 people-hours = 2197.65 people-hours.

5 * 146.25 = 1974.37 people-hours = 1974.37 people-hours.

* 46.8 = 2527.2 man-hours = 2527.2 man-hours.

* 13 * 7.56 / 1000 = 5732.38 man-hours = 5732.38 man-hours.

0.49 * 7854 = 3848.46 people-hours = 3848.46 people-hours.

13.5 * 420.75 = 5680.12 people-hours = 5680.12 people-hours.

* 134.64 = 7270.56 people-hours = 7270.56 people-hours.

* 33 * 7.56 / 1000 = 16937.2 man-hours = 16937.2 man-hours.

PAZ-320401

27 * 13634.4 = 3681.3 people-hours = 3681.3 people-hours.

25 * 538.2 = 4440.15 people-hours = 4440.15 people-hours.

* 170.43 = 5624.19 people-hours = 5624.19 people-hours.

* 39 * 3.96 / 1000 = 11364.3 people-hours = 11364.3 people-hours.

78 * 8486.4 = 6619.4 people-hours = 6619.4 people-hours.

* 374.4 = 10108.8 people-hours = 10108.8 people-hours.

* 119.08 = 12860.64 people-hours = 12860.64 people-hours.

* 26 * 14.51 / 1000 = 27870.5 man-hours = 20870.5 man-hours.

It is necessary to determine the scope of work for self-service enterprises. The annual self-service work volume is determined as a percentage of auxiliary work. The scope of ancillary work is 20-30% of the total scope of maintenance and repair work. I accept 20%

The scope of self-service work is

Share of self-service work in%; I accept = 40%

We get that:

LiAZ-52937

2 * (2197.65 + 1974.37 + 2527.2 + 5732.38) = 2486.32 man-hours.

2486.32 people-hours

4 * 2486.32 = 994.53 people-hours = 994.53 people-hours.

2 * (3848.46 + 5680.12 + 7270.56 + 16937.2) = 6747.27 man-hours.

6747.27 people-hours

4 * 6747.27 = 2698.9 people-hours = 2698.9 people-hours.

PAZ-320401

2 * (3681.3 + 4440.15 + 5624.19 + 11364.3) = 5021.99 people-hours.

4792.4 people-hours

4 * 4792.4 = 1916.96 people-hours = 1916.96 people-hours.

2 * (6619.4 + 10108.8 + 12860.64 + 20870.5) = 10091.87 man-hours.

10,091.87 people-hours

4 * 10,091.87 = 4036.75 people-hours = 4036.75 people-hours.

With an annual scope of self-service work of up to 10,000 Person hours, these works can be performed in production areas and should be included in the scope of work of the corresponding areas. For example, in the scope of TR: at large ATP, self-service work is performed by workers of an independent unit - the department of the chief mechanic (OGM).

Distribution of the scope of TO and TR by type of work.

The calculation and distribution of the labor intensity of maintenance by type of work is performed in the form of table 6.

The calculation of the distribution of the labor intensity of the TR by type of work is performed in the form of table 7.

Table 6. Distribution of labor intensity of maintenance work



	Share of work in%	Scope of work in man-h	Share of work in%	Scope of work in man-h	Share of work in%	Scope of work in man-h	Share of work in%	Scope of work in man-h
Diagnostic
Fasteners
Adjusting

Electrotechnical


Bodywork

Diagnostic
Fasteners
Adjusting
Lubricating, filling and cleaning
Electrotechnical
Power system maintenance

Bodywork

Table 7 Distribution of TR labor intensity by type of work


	Share of work in%	Scope of work per person	Share of work in%	Scope of work per person	Share of work in%	Scope of work per person	Share of work in%	Scope of work per person
Post work
Diagnostic
Adjusting
Disassembly and assembly
Welding and tin
Painting
Precinct work
Aggregate
Locksmith-mechanical
Electrotechnical
Rechargeable
Repair of power system devices
Tire
Vulcanizing
Forging and spring
Mednitsky
Welding
Zhestyanitsky
Rebar
Woodworking

2.2 Determination of the number of jobs and jobs

Technologically required (attendance) number of workers:

% as the washing is automated.

Working time fund of the site.

The time fund depends on the number of shifts, the duration of the shift and on the number of working days per year. I accept one shift with a duration of 12 hours, the number of working days is 357. Change of workers 2 after 2.

We get that:

357 * 12 * 1 = 4284 hours.

We get that:

((2197.65 + 3848.46 + 3681.3 + 6619.4) * 0.1) / 4284 = 0.38 workers

The worker also works at the tire service.

I accept the 1st worker, since 2 through 2 then I accept 2 workers.

Calculation of EO production lines.

Continuous lines are used to carry out the EO.

To calculate the number of lines, you need to find the line beat and the rhythm of the HU production.

The production rhythm of EO () is determined by the formula:

Duration of the shift, h;

C is the number of shifts;

EO daily production program.

We get that:

* 12 * 1 / (12.29 + 21.51 + 37.35 + 23.25) = 7.62 min

Line cycle calculation:

The productivity of a mechanized washing plant, which is assumed to be equal for buses, is 8-10 vehicles / h.

We get that:

/ 7 = 8.57 aut.

Number of EO lines:

We get that:

57/7,62=1,12

I accept 1 production line.

2.3 Choice of site technology

Cleaning and washing works cleaning the body (cab) and platforms, washing and drying the car (trailer, semi-trailer), sanitizing special rolling stock, cleaning and wiping the rearview mirror, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, rear lights and brake lights, front and side windows of the cab and license plates.

Car washing and drying. The paintwork of the body fades over time, microcracks form, and metal corrosion occurs. Destruction of paint and varnish coatings is caused by oxidative, thermal and photochemical processes.

The lower surfaces of the vehicle (chassis) are contaminated with sandy, sandy, organic and other substances that form a strong film, which makes it difficult to inspect and carry out the necessary work.

Chrome-plated car parts lose their luster when exposed to sulfur compounds in the air.

Car paintwork care consists in washing, drying, polishing the body.

Car body and chassis are washed with cold or warm (plus 25-30 degrees) water. To prevent the coating from cracking, the difference between the water temperature and the body temperature should not exceed 18-20 degrees.

For daily car care, synthetic detergents are used. Detergents used for the car must degrease the surface and dissolve organic substances.

Warm detergent cleans dirty surfaces more effectively, but its temperature should not exceed 50 degrees, otherwise it will have a harmful effect on the car paintwork.

In addition to washing liquids, a detergent is produced from alkylarylsulfonate in combination with inorganic alkaline and neutral salts (tri sodium polyphosphate, sodium sulfate) in the form of a powder, which is dissolved in water (78 g per 1 liter of water).

Consumption of detergent powder for one passenger car 65-70 g.

4 Selection of technological equipment

Table 8. Selection of technological equipment

Name of equipment and inventory	Model, type	Dimensions, mm	Area in m2	Power in kW	Cost in RUB

		24000x4850x4688

	HDC 20/16 Classic

Three-brush portal car wash RB 6000 Karcher

Karcher RB 6300 Basic is a three-brush gantry washing machine for trucks with a simple body geometry. Ideal for cleaning truck wagons, camper vans with rigid or tarpaulin sides, buses.

The fast and efficient two-pass brush wash allows a throughput of up to 8-10 cars per hour (for buses or vans).

The contour tracking system measures the force of contact of the brushes on the surface and ensures that the brushes go around all protruding parts of the car. Cars with particularly complex contours can be washed in the manual brush control mode.

The control processor controls the washing process. It is possible to select a washing program depending on the type of vehicle, as well as a set of subprograms that allows you to take into account typical features of the car design during washing, such as a roof spoiler, an elevator, a bonnet cabin, and large mirrors.

Basic equipment RB 6300 Basic

Powder coated galvanized steel support frame

Main drive motors

Carriages with motors for moving and rotating brushes

Portal-mounted control cabinet

Shampoo application circuit for brush washing

Shampoo dosing system, mounted on the portal

Fine rinse circuit

Control system "Basic" BT-20 - setting parameters of washing programs - control and analysis of errors - display in Russian - control cable (free length 15m)

buttons for selecting programs and washing routines

cycle counter, total number of washes / separate by program

Brushes with polyethylene X-shaped strands.

Main run rails (length from 18 to 27 meters, selected depending on the maximum length of the vehicle to be cleaned)

Energy-carrying system (cable suspension or energy chain)

Wastewater recovery plant Karcher HDR 777

High pressure water cleaning is an excellent technical prerequisite for saving water. A further increase in the efficiency and environmental friendliness of cleaning is achieved by using a water purification (regeneration) system. Waste water from auto repair shops or machine-building plants is enriched with heavy and suspended solids.

The HDR 777 unit filters these substances in such a way, after which the water can be reused for purification purposes, it can be used as water purification systems for car washes. This provides significant savings in clean water and cleaning agents. For the final rinse, a changeover to clean water is carried out if necessary. The extensive range of accessories ensures adaptation to various local conditions and minimizes construction and installation costs.

Technical description:

Waste water generated during high pressure cleaning is collected in a dirt trap and is pumped into the mixing tank of the HDR 777 unit. The dispensers installed in it ensure the addition of special RM 347 ASF release agent and RM 351 sterilization agent to the water in specified volumes. This results in the separation of dirt and oils. Purified water passes through a protective filter and enters the storage tank, from where it can, depending on the program used, be taken for reuse or discharged into the sewer.

In our case, the water is taken for reuse.

The volume of the buffer tank is 250 liters.

Cleaning capacity - 800 l / h

Number of washing posts - 2 posts

Stationary high pressure washer KarcherHDC 20/16 Classic

Apparatus for centralized water supply of the entire enterprise and with the possibility of simultaneous operation of 2-3 sampling stations. Automatic activation by pressing the pistol lever. Uniform water supply with constant pressure. Detect leaks and ensure long-term water withdrawal. Temperature control and water shortage protection.

2.5 Determination of the area of the site

The area of the automatic car wash area is determined by the formula:

The area of the largest bus.

Plot density coefficient. I accept 4

We get that:

Length

5 * 1 * 4 = 173.48 m 2

Calculation of the area for additional equipment:

Equipment area;

We get that:

7.07 * 4 = 28.28 = 28.28 m 2

You also need to take into account the area for the operator's room, since 1 worker works at the post, then I take 9 m 2

We get that the total area:

28 + 170 + 9 = 207.28 m 2

You also need to consider the area for storing detergents and reagents.

In accordance with building codes for the design of an external washroom, I take an area of 288 m 2

The height of the room is 10.8 m.

Column spacing 12 m

I accept = 288 m 2

2.6 Calculation of lighting and ventilation

Lighting is calculated using the formula:

Illumination in the zone (on the site) is taken according to the standards for the illumination of industrial premises. I accept = 200;

Power reserve factor, taking into account the decrease in illumination during operation (1.3-1.7); Accept = 1.3

Plot floor area (m2);

Luminous flux utilization factor (0.2-0.5);

Accept = 0.5;

Luminous flux of each lamp.

It is taken depending on the power and type of lamps adopted. I accept gas-discharge lamps with a power of 300 W, therefore, the luminous flux of each lamp will be = 6050 Lx

According to the standards.

We get that:

(200*1,3*288)/(6050*0,5)=24,75

I accept 25 lamps.

Ventilation calculation

Required air supply m 3 / h;

The volume of the ventilated room;

The coefficient is the frequency of the required air exchange;

I accept = 2.5

Room height

We get that:

* 10.8 = 3110.4 m3 = 3110.4 m3

4 * 2.5 = 7776m3 / h = 7776 m3 / h

I choose ventilation:

3. Design part

.1 Description of fixture

In sinks, for efficient and quick switching of hoses, nozzles, etc. use a quick couplings (Quick Release Coupling)

It consists of two parts, a plug and a socket, but in order to use the couplings, it is necessary that NPTF fittings with tapered threads be fixed at the ends of the hoses or connected equipment.

.2 Calculation of fixture

The traction force acting on the quick coupling is determined by the formula:

where is the hand force of the worker twisting the BRS connection into the fitting at the ends of the hoses, N;

The shoulder on which the force P acts, m (cm);

The average radius of the thread of the BRS, m (mm);

The angle of elevation of the helix or cutting at its average diameter, deg .;

The coefficient of friction during pressing is taken equal to 0.1 0.15;

Angle of friction, usually taken from the condition == 0.15.

Determine the pulling force of the quick coupling which has an outer diameter = 0.01357 m (13.57 mm) and a thread pitch = 0.0014 m (1.4 mm). The effort of the worker's arm = 100 N, and the shoulder on which the force acts = 0.10 m (10 cm).

With the given dimensions of the couplings, the average thread diameter = 12.3 mm, and the average thread radius = 6.48 mm.

The angle of friction = 0.15 = 8 ° 35´, and the angle of rise of the thread is found from the ratio:

Then 0.036 = 2 ° 5´,

= (2 ° 5´ + 8 ° 35´) = 10 ° 40´ = 0.1883.

The tangent values can be determined from the table (L.8)

Determine the traction force acting on the quick coupler connection for this by substituting the accepted and obtained values into the formula by which we determine the traction force of the quick coupler:

The turns are calculated per cut. Cutoff voltage at the base of the BRS coil

, [MPa]

where z is the number of working turns; z = 8

P - force acting on the quick coupling, N - thread completeness ratio, k = 0.9 - thread pitch, 2.5 mm - outer diameter of the quick coupling, 13.57 mm - inner diameter of the quick coupling, 14.5 mm

MPa.

The permissible shear stress is determined by the formula:

, MPa.

where is the yield point for the steel of choice, 340 MPa.

The conditions are met.

4. Technological part

.1 Description of the RB 6000 sink

The 6000 is a high-performance truck wash system whose concept has proven itself over the years. Before the automated cleaning process is carried out, the car is positioned in the wash room, after which the portal is moved relative to the stationary car in accordance with the wash program. The most intensive cleaning process involves applying foam to soak the dirt, pre-washing with a high pressure to remove coarse dirt, thoroughly brushing surfaces, rinsing to remove cleaning agent residues, and finally applying a drying stimulant.

The portal is assembled from powder-coated galvanized metal structures, and its parts that experience the most intense impact are additionally painted. The switchgear cabinets of the unit are made of high quality steel. The integrated programmed control system enables flexible adaptation to individual vehicle contours. Data entry is carried out directly from the control panel. In contrast to the Basic version, in which the settings are made by a service technician, the Comfort version allows adjustment by the owner of the installation. The side and top brushes are driven by electric motors, and the optimal contact pressure, which ensures effective cleaning and prevents paint damage, is controlled by electronic current consumption sensors.

Factory-set basic programs for the most common types of vehicles (buses, trucks or semi-trailers) can be optimally matched to the contours of specific vehicles using additional programs, such as center mirrors or mirrors bypass.

In contrast to the Basic version, the Comfort version is principally equipped with a frequency converter, which allows the portal speed to be varied and, as a consequence, increased flexibility in the selection of optional mounting kits / accessories (e.g. high pressure prewash equipment). solution for gentle exterior cleaning of trucks of various dimensions. The working height of the unit is 3660 mm (RB 6312), 4220 mm (RB 6314), 4500 mm (RB 6315) or 4780 mm (RB 6316), and the working width is 2700 mm.

Various accessories (some of which are required for operating the unit) allow the portal to be tailored to individual needs.

The compulsory components of the RB 6000 unit include:

group of solenoid valves

Provides a choice of water supply modes: feeding only with clean water or clean and industrial water in a ratio of 50/50 or 15/85.

For optimal cleaning, it is necessary that the length of the rails along which the portal travels exceed the maximum length of the vehicles to be washed by about 6 m.

energy supply system

The specific energy supply option is determined by the equipment of the installation and the structure of the building.

Choice of cable hanger and energy chain.

4.2 Working with the RB 6000 washer

All vehicles with wash programs are washed automatically.

To overcome non-standard obstacles (for example, fanfare, large air intakes, Michelin men, etc.), manual operations initiated from the control panel can be carried out at any time.

The automatic washing process can only be started if the unit is in the appropriate starting position (see below).

Brush washing control principle

Contact with the surface of the vehicle increases the power consumed by the brush motors.

The amount of power consumption is used to regulate the pressure of the brushes and control the washing process.

The upper brush, side brushes and portal movement are controlled in such a way that all their movements are consistent with the profile of the vehicle being washed.

Bus washing program

* All brushes work with normal contact pressure.

* If desired, it is possible to wash the front side with a reduced contact pressure (setting is carried out by the fitter during commissioning).

* When washing the front with the side brushes, the upper brush is lifted.

* When washing the rear part with the upper brush, the side brushes are retracted.

* The removal of brushes is carried out in order to protect the paintwork of cars.

* The process stops when the portal overcomes a path of more than 15 cm after the brushes are removed.

More detailed information on working with the RB 6000 sink can be obtained on the official website of the sink or in the operating instructions.

5. The economic part

.1 Calculation of capital investments

Capital investments are one-time costs for the construction of new enterprises, systems of structures, as well as for the expansion, reconstruction and modernization of existing facilities.

Table # 1. Total cost of purchased equipment

equipment identification	Model type	Amount	Cost per unit, thousand rubles	Total cost, thousand rubles.
Cargo washer portal Karcher
Wastewater recovery plant Karcher
Stationary high-pressure apparatus Karcher	HDC 20/16 Classic

Calculation of the cost of installation and commissioning of equipment, which is approximately 10% of the cost of equipment.

, rub.

where: SOB - the total cost of the equipment;

The cost of equipment installation and commissioning.

We get that:

1 * 2,230,000 = 223,000 rubles.

Calculation of the total amount of capital investments.

We will make the calculation according to the following formula:

, rub.

We get that:

2,230,000 + 223,000 = 2,454,000 rubles.

5.2 Calculation of cost price

The cost of production is the current costs of production and circulation, sales of products, calculated in monetary terms. Includes material costs, depreciation of fixed assets, wages of main and support personnel, additional (overhead) costs directly related to the production and sale of this type and volume of products.

The cost of repairs includes the following cost items:

wages for workers with allowances and deductions to the social insurance fund:

water costs

costs of reimbursement of wear and tear of low-value and high-wear tools and devices

the cost of replacing filter cartridges

the cost of paying for power electricity equipment

the cost of special clothing

overheads

other costs

5.2.1 Calculation of the payroll

a) We calculate the wages of the main workers.

We will make the calculation according to the following formula:

where: From h.t.s. - the average hourly tariff rate according to the tariff scale (we take the data from the enterprise)

T - labor intensity by type of work

Кпр - coefficient of premium for quality and terms of work execution, we accept in the amount of 30-40%. (I accept 30%)

We get that:

* 219.65 * 1.3 = 28535 rubles.

b) We calculate the additional wages of the main workers.

We will make the calculation according to the following formula:

rub.

where: - additional salary, which is 10% of the basic salary, rubles.

We get that:

1 * 28535 = 2853.5 rubles.

c) The deduction for social needs in the social insurance fund is calculated using the formula:

The Unified Social Insurance Fund consists of a pension fund, a compulsory health insurance fund, a social insurance and security fund, which is 34%.

where: НСС - deduction for social insurance, pension fund, employment fund, compulsory health insurance in the amount of 34%.

We get that:

35 * (28535 + 2853.5) = 10985.97 rubles.

* 384.85 * 1.3 = 50,030.5 rubles.

5 * 0.1 = RUB 5003

34 * (50030.5 + 5003) = 18711.4 rubles.

a) We calculate the wages of the main workers.

* 368.1 * 1.3 = 47853 rubles.

b) We calculate the additional wages of the main workers.

* 0.1 = 4785.3 rubles.

c) Contribution for social needs to the social insurance fund.

34 * (47853 + 4785.3) = 17897 rubles.

a) We calculate the wages of the main workers.

* 661.9 * 1.15 = 86,047 rubles.

b) We calculate the additional wages of the main workers.

* 0.1 = 8604.7 rubles.

c) Contribution for social needs to the social insurance fund.

34*(86047+8604,7)=32181,6

All calculations for the wage bill are recorded in table 2.

Table 2. Wage fund.

Name and brand of PS.
Total cost price according to estimate

5.4 Economic efficiency of the project

Since the site is fully loaded, it is not engaged in commercial activities.

When introducing modern equipment to the bridge repair section, one should expect an improvement in the quality of work and cost savings.

Savings are the process of reducing costs. As a result of the project implementation, we will obtain cost savings in the range of 1-50%. I accept 50%

We will make the calculation according to the following formula.

We get that:

9 * 0.5 = 862,005.95 rubles.

5.5 Calculation of the payback period of the project

The payback period is the period during which the investments are paid off, that is, they bring a net income equal to the volume of investments.

Let's define the payback period of the invested funds according to the formula:

Capital investments; - cost savings.

We get that:

/ 862005.95 = 2.8 years.

6. Measures for safety and fire safety

.1 Safety measures

When washing vehicles, units, assemblies and parts, the following requirements must be met:

washing should be carried out in specially designated places;

for a mechanized car wash, the washer's workplace should be located in a watertight cabin;

the post of an open hose (manual) wash should be located in an area isolated from open current-carrying conductors and equipment that are energized;

automatic conveyor-less washing installations should be equipped with light alarms at the entrance;

at the washing area (post), electrical wiring, lighting sources and electric motors must be made in a waterproof design with a degree of protection in accordance with the requirements of the current state standards;

the electrical control of the units of the washing installation must be low-voltage (no higher than 50 V).

Power supply of magnetic starters and control buttons for washing installations with a voltage of 220 V is allowed, provided:

devices for mechanical and electrical interlocking of magnetic starters when opening cabinet doors;

waterproofing of starting devices and wiring;

grounding or grounding of casings, cabins and equipment.

When washing ATS units, assemblies and parts, the following conditions must be met:

parts of engines operating on leaded gasoline may only be washed after neutralizing tetraethyl lead deposits with kerosene or other neutralizing liquids;

the concentration of alkaline solutions should be no more than 2-5%;

after washing with an alkaline solution, rinsing with hot water is required;

units and parts weighing more than 30 kg, carried by men and 10 kg by women (up to 2 times per hour) and 15 kg and 7 kg, respectively (constantly during the work shift), must be delivered to the washing post and loaded into washing installations mechanically.

Washing baths with kerosene and other detergents provided for by the technology must be closed with lids at the end of washing.

The walls of washing baths, chambers, installations for washing parts and units must have thermal insulation, which limits the heating temperature of the outer walls to no higher than 50 ° C.

The level of the detergent solutions in the loaded wash tub should be 10 cm below the rim.

Installations for washing parts, assemblies and assemblies must have a locking device that turns off the drive when the loading door is open.

Not allowed:

use an open fire in the washing room with flammable liquids;

use gasoline for cleaning vehicles and washing parts, components and assemblies.

For the safe entry of the vehicle onto the overpass and exit from it, the overpass must have front and rear ramps with an approach angle not exceeding 10 °, flanges and wheel deflectors. Ramps, ladders and walkways at washing posts should have a rough (grooved) surface. If there is only a front ramp at the end of the overpass, a baffle bar should be installed, the dimensions of which are taken depending on the vehicle category.

Automatic conveyor-less washing installations should be equipped with light signaling (traffic light type) at the entrance.

At the end of the work, the washer must wash his hands with soap and take a shower.

.2 Fire-fighting measures

A high fire hazard is typical for the premises of the vehicle transport and service center. In order not to create conditions for a fire in industrial premises and on a car, it is prohibited:

· Do not allow fuel and oil to enter the engine and workplace;

· Leave cleaning materials in the cabin (salon), on the engine and workplaces;

· Allow leaks in fuel lines, tanks and power system devices;

· Keep open the necks of fuel tanks and containers with flammable liquids;

· Wash and wipe the body, parts and assemblies with gasoline, wash hands and clothes with gasoline;

· Store fuel (except for the vehicle in the fuel tank) and containers for fuel and lubricants;

· Use open fire when troubleshooting;

· Warm up the engine with an open flame.

All passages, driveways, stairs and recreations of motor transport companies must be free for passage and passage. Attics cannot be used for production and storage facilities.

Smoking on the territory and in the industrial premises of the ATP is allowed only in designated areas equipped with fire-fighting equipment and the inscription "Smoking area". Placards should be posted in prominent places near telephone sets indicating the telephones of fire brigades, a plan for the evacuation of people, vehicles and equipment in case of fire and the names of persons responsible for fire safety.

Fire hydrants in all rooms are equipped with sleeves and trunks enclosed in special cabinets. In premises for maintenance and repair of vehicles, foam fire extinguishers (one fire extinguisher per 50 m² of the area of the room) and boxes with dry sand (one box per 100 m² of the area of the room) are installed. A shovel, crowbar, hook, ax, fire bucket should be located near the box with sand on the fire stand.

State-of-the-art fire detection and prompt notification of the fire brigade is essential for a successful firefighting process.

Requires 6 fire extinguishers and 3 sand boxes.

7. Measures for environmental protection

The rules for the protection of surface waters from wastewater pollution determine the mandatory conditions for the treatment and rules for the disposal of industrial wastewater into water bodies and city treatment facilities. In accordance with these rules, wastewater from all motor transport enterprises and car service stations must be treated at local treatment facilities. The following amount of various contaminants is allowed in treated waters: suspended particles not more than 70 mg / l after washing trucks and not more than 40 mg / l after washing buses and cars; petroleum products 15 mg / l.

The degree of wastewater treatment is established in accordance with the requirements of SNiP P-39-74.

Permissible concentration of dirt in the water supplied to the car wash after cleaning, Mg / l:

To purify water at the sink, various cleaning devices are installed, in order to reduce the concentration of harmful substances, various chemical cleaning agents are also used.

Conclusion

In my project for the washing section of the ATP Substation under NPATP-1 conditions, I calculated the scope of work of the site, the number of required posts, the required number of workers, and selected the technological equipment for the site. In addition, the economic efficiency of the project was calculated, a brief description of the automatic car wash and its functions and a short course on its use were also demonstrated.

In accordance with regulatory documents, a program for safety and fire safety was selected.

Bibliography

1.G.M. Napolsky "Technological design of motor transport enterprises and service stations. M -" Transport "2010 221 p.

Turevsky I.S. "Car maintenance" in 2 parts M: FORUM publishing house INFRA-M 2008 1 book - 432 p., 2 book - 256 p.

Methodical instructions for calculating the production program, the amount of work for the course project on the discipline "Maintenance and repair of road transport"

Cross-industry rules on labor protection. Air exchange rate in production facilities (according to SNiP 2.04.05-91)

VENTMASH Manufacture and sale of ventilation and heating equipment for various industries. VENTMASH catalog. http://www.ventmash.net - 2011

Departmental building codes of the enterprise for the maintenance of vehicles VSN 01-89 Minavtotrans RSFSR Moscow 2010

Cross-sectoral rules on labor protection in road transport. Publisher: Siberian University Publishing House, 2009. - 138 p.

Methodical instructions for the implementation of the design part of course and diploma projects in the specialty 190604

... "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles" Methodical recommendations for the implementation of the economic part of the diploma project.

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1. The history of the creation of the MP "Vodokanal"

In 1950, on March 22, at a meeting of the executive committee of the Khanty-Mansiysk City Council of Working People's Deputies, it was decided to build a city water supply system and approve cost estimates in the amount of 999,690 rubles in 1945 prices. The chairman of the executive committee of the city council at that time was K.B. Pakin, the secretary of the executive committee I.L. Khudyakov.

In 1956, the design institute JI "Giprokommunvodokanal" in Novosibirsk developed a project for household and drinking water supply for the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, which provided for two stages of construction.

In 1966, by the decision of the City Council No. 288 of December 14, the buildings and structures of the city water supply system and water intake wells were transferred from the balance of the city power plant to the balance of the Office of the Combine of Public Utilities. The utility complex was located at the address: st. Sirina, 59.

In 1970, the first pumping station was put into operation on the street. Sverdlov, which supplied water through a steel water supply system with a length of eight hundred meters to the street. Roznina (Krasnaya) and st. Kalinin.

In 1978, the length of water supply networks was 7.8 km, standpipes - 20 pieces, wells on the network - 70 pieces, fire hydrants - 50 pieces, there were 3 accidents on water supply networks, the number of workers in the water supply department was 48 people.

On February 1, 1986 at the water intake on the street. Vodoprovodnoy operated 11 artesian wells with a capacity of 2 784 cubic meters per day. The deferrization station consisted of 5 pressure filters with a diameter of 2,400 mm from the Taganrog plant. The filters are single-stage, loaded with quartz sand with a grain size of 0.8-1.2 mm. Washing of filters consumes water of 300 m3 / day. Waste water is discharged onto the relief. The length of the city water supply networks was more than 10 km.

By 1990, the length of the city water supply networks was 20 km, 24 water pipes, 94 water wells operate on the water supply networks, the number of subscriber inputs is 4,268.

Since 1996, the reconstruction of water treatment facilities began on the street. A plumbing that lasted about ten years.

A major role in the development of water supply and sewerage systems in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk was played by the territorial program “Provision of high-quality drinking water for the population of the Khanty-Mansiysk” adopted in 1997. In subsequent years, within the framework of the program, the main urban facilities and water supply and sanitation facilities were built. By 2003, water supply from the “Severny” water intake was carried out in urban areas - this is OMK, the educational farm, the northern part of the city, and from the “Yuzhny” water intake - in the Samarovo region. To supply the upland part of the city, a third-lift station with a capacity of 4 320 m 3 / day operates on the water supply from the Severny water intake.

In 2003, the total length of separate distribution water supply networks operated by various organizations is 79.68 km and 70 km of water supply networks, laid together with heating networks.

In 2005, with the completion of the reconstruction of the Severny water intake and the commissioning of water treatment facilities, the water supplied to the consumer met the regulatory requirements in all respects. Water supply to Khanty-Mansiysk and adjacent districts (OMK, Uchkhoz and SU-967, Gorny settlement) is carried out from the Severny water intake with a design capacity of 16 thousand m3 / day.

For 2007, the average daily production volume was 13.02 thousand m3 / day, and water supply to the city - 12.39 thousand m3 / day.

In 2008, 189 consumers were connected to the central water supply.

In 2009, the average daily water consumption of the city amounted to 13.97 thousand cubic meters / day. In 2009, 5 102.3 thousand m3 of water was produced at the water intake.

In 2009, 208 individual houses and objects were connected to the central water supply system. For the summer period, water consumers were issued and issued technical specifications in the amount of 206 pcs. for connection to city water supply networks.

At present, the city's water supply is carried out centrally from the Severny water intake. Water is extracted from an underground water intake using high-flow wells. Water treatment to comply with the standards of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water" is carried out at water treatment facilities located on the territory of the "Severny" water intake. The transportation of water to the distribution water supply network is carried out from the pumping station of the 2nd rise, located in the same room with the water treatment facilities. The workshop includes the following structures, divided by type of service. The pumping station of the first lift consists of 8 high-rate wells up to 100 m 3 / hour each and two low-rate wells up to 25 m 3 / hour. The technological scheme of water purification includes: water treatment facilities - a pumping and filtering station with filters of the first and second stages, an ozonation complex with an averaging tank V = 1000 m group for flushing tanks. The production capacity of water treatment facilities is 16.0 thousand m3 / day (666.7 m3 / hour), taking into account the volume for technological needs in the amount of 1.0 thousand m3 / day. The total length of the existing water supply networks served by the MP Vodokanal is 128 km.

2. The charter of the enterprise MP "Vodokanal"

General Provisions

The municipal water supply enterprise of the municipal formation of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, hereinafter referred to as the "Enterprise", was created on the basis of the Resolution of the head of the administration of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk No. 82 dated 12.02.1992.

Abbreviated corporate name of the Enterprise in Russian: MP Vodokanal.

The enterprise is the legal successor of the rights and obligations of the municipal enterprise "Vodoley" in accordance with the deed of transfer of January 15, 1997.

The enterprise is a commercial organization.

The powers of the owner of the property of the Enterprise are exercised by the Department of Municipal Property of the Administration of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk (hereinafter referred to as the Department of Property).

The enterprise is a legal entity, has an independent balance sheet, settlement and other bank accounts, a round seal containing its full corporate name in Russian and an indication of the location of the Enterprise. The seal of the Enterprise may also contain its corporate name in the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and (or) a foreign language.

The company has the right to have stamps and letterheads with its own company name, its own logo, as well as a trademark registered in the prescribed manner and other means of individualization.

The enterprise is responsible for its obligations with all property belonging to it. The enterprise is not liable for the obligations of the owner of its property (municipality), and the municipality is not liable for the obligations of the Enterprise, except as provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The enterprise, on its own behalf, acquires property and personal non-property rights and bears obligations, acts as a plaintiff and defendant in courts of various jurisdictions and jurisdiction in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, international legal acts.

Location (legal address) of the Enterprise: Khanty-Mansiysk, st. Plumbing, 2.

Objectives, subject and types of activities of the enterprise

The enterprise was created with the aim of solving local issues of the municipal formation of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, the city district of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk (hereinafter referred to as the city of Khanty-Mansiysk) in the field of creating conditions for providing the population, enterprises and organizations with water supply and sanitation.

The subject of the Enterprise is to ensure the implementation of issues of local importance specified in clause 2.1. of this Charter, on the territory of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.

To achieve the goals specified in clause 2.1. of this Charter, the Enterprise carries out the following activities:

Water supply of the population, enterprises, organizations of the city and water disposal;

Operation, repair, construction of external engineering networks and communications;

Activity on the design of buildings and structures of I and II levels of responsibility;

Activity on the construction of buildings and structures of I and II levels of responsibility;

The right of the Enterprise to carry out activities for which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, a special permit is required - a license, arises from the moment of its receipt or within the period specified in it and terminates upon the expiration of its validity period, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

municipal motor transport workshop vodokanal

3 . LocationATC and characteristics of the personnel of the enterprise MP« Vodokanal»

The motor transport department of the MP Vodokanal is located in the CRM area at the intersection of Roznina and Obskaya streets, not far from Engels street. Its location is due to a number of reasons why it can be considered successful: there are busy roads nearby (Obyezdnaya St.) - one of the main thoroughfares of the city (since a large flow of cars moves along it towards the Nyagan highway and the highway to Nefteyugansk) ; (Engels str.) is also the main highway located in the city center.

The access to the transport department is convenient. There is a location indicator. On the territory there is a parking lot for customers' cars, which is closed by a gate. There is a watchman. The location of the posts is convenient - all posts are located in one room.

79 people work in the transport department of Vodokanal. Among them: 2 managers, 1 specialist and 2 workers with higher education; 25 workers with primary vocational education; 7 people with secondary vocational education and 42 workers with basic general education.

The qualifications of the staff are quite high. Each of the employees is competent in their field and constantly expands the range of their knowledge and skills. From time to time, employees undergo additional training, or engage in self-education, improving their qualifications.

The appearance of the staff does not differ much from the appearance of employees of other enterprises - everyone is dressed in uniform work clothes (overalls or suits), which are given to them.

If desired, the client can talk to the personnel repairing his car - the masters will answer all questions of interest regarding the work performed.

Acceptance of the car for repair and drawing up a contract for the performance of services is the responsibility of the chief mechanic. He also monitors the quality of work performed and is engaged in filling out acts of work performed, and also acts as a cashier.

4 . Services provided by ATC

The motor transport workshop of the MP "Vodokanal" is intended for maintenance, current and overhaul repairs of motor transport and special equipment of the enterprise, as well as third-party organizations that have entered into an agreement with it for the maintenance of equipment.

The main activities of the workshop:

Repair and maintenance of vehicles;

Transport services (cargo transportation);

Transportation (delivery) of drinking water to the population;

Removal of liquid household waste.

In addition, the company has the right to lease fixed and circulating assets at the expense of its existing sources of financing, which is very important in our time and brings very good profit.

Due to the right to foreign economic activity, the company provides equipment repair services to organizations and individuals, which also makes a profit.

5 . Vehicles used in MP« Vodokanal»

For the maintenance of the water supply and sewerage networks, 2 units of hydrodynamic machines, 4 units of sludge pumps, 4 units of equipment equipped for repair and welding works, and other special equipment are involved.

The balance of the enterprise includes 55 units of various vehicles, of which, on average, 45 units with a carrying capacity of more than 7-9 tons. The average percentage of rolling stock depreciation is 84.4%. At the moment, there is an urgent need to update the rolling stock, namely, special equipment (hydrodynamic machine, sludge pump, ass / machine), which will significantly reduce financial and labor costs for the current repair of vehicles. In 2013, two excavators were purchased for the workshop for the repair and maintenance of water supply networks and sewerage networks, and two GAZelle vehicles were also purchased to transport emergency crews and equipment.

In order to reduce the cost of fuels and lubricants and more efficient use of vehicles, in 2012, satellite control devices for vehicles were installed, which made it possible to control the operation of vehicles throughout the shift, taking into account the route of movement, speed, fuel consumption.

Also, the main part of the rolling stock was transferred to the use of oils for internal combustion engines of a higher quality: SHELLRIMULA type, which made it possible to reduce the number of planned TO-1 and TO-2. The characteristics of the rolling stock are presented in the table.

Characteristics of the rolling stock of MP "Vodokanal"

Vehicle make and model	Purpose of the car	Goal release
	Water carrier
	Water carrier
Kamaz-43118S	Water carrier
	Passenger
	Gruchopassenger
	Cargo pass
	Cargo pass
	Passenger
47955-0000010-62	Car - workshop
	Onboard
	Passenger
	passenger
	Passenger.
UAZ-220694-04	Passenger.
Mitsubishi lanser	Passenger.
	Onboard





	Truck crane
Kamaz 532150	Onboard
Kamaz-55111	Dump truck
Kamaz-65115	Dump truck
Kamaz 532000	Onboard

Kamaz-53212
Kamaz-53212	Hydrodin
	Hydrodin


Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53212	Ac / machine
	Ac / machine
	Ac / machine
	Ac / machine
	Ac / machine
	Ac / machine
	Ac / machine
Kamaz-53215	Ac / machine
Kamaz - KO507A
	semitrailer

	loader
	loader
	loader
	excavator
	excavator
	excavator

Transport for water by water supply

Transport for water delivery

Wastewater transport

	car model	State number

	KAMAZ 53212

	KAMAZ 53212

Wastewater pumping transport

Transport for the export of reinforced concrete

	car model	State number
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53213 A
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215
	KAMAZ 53215

Light, passenger vehicles

	car model	State number




	Lada Largus
	UAZ-2200694-04

General utility transport

	car model	State number
	A / k. CS 457191
	KAMAZ 532150
	KAMAZ 532000
	KAMAZ 65111





	MAZ 642202-220


	caterpillar


	SZAP trailer

6 . Organizational structure of the enterprise MP "Vodokanal"

Organizational structure is a set of ways by which the labor process is first divided into separate work tasks, and then coordination of actions to solve problems is achieved. In essence, the organizational structure determines the distribution of responsibilities and authorities within the organization. As a rule, it is displayed in the form of an organigram - a graphical diagram, the elements of which are hierarchically ordered organizational units.

Organizational structure of the enterprise MP "Vodokanal"

7 . Motor transport workshop of MP "Vodokanal"

The motor transport workshop is located at the intersection of Roznina and Obskaya streets, the total area of the workshop is about 610 m2. There are about 5-8 different sections in the workshop:

Motor;

Fuel;

Locksmith;

Mednitsky;

Rechargeable;

Post for maintenance and repair.

8 . Analysis of the activities of the car wash complex for truckscarand special equipment MP "Vodokanal"

At the moment in the enterprise MP "Vodokanal" there is a car wash complex located on the street. Kalinin. For an enterprise, this is completely inconvenient, since when passing MOT and setting it up for overhaul, it is necessary to thoroughly wash the car, completely cleaning its body and bottom from road dirt. At the enterprise itself, there is only a small car unit wash, which is located directly in the workshop itself. Therefore, I took the development of a car wash complex for this enterprise. The demand for car wash services in Khanty-Mansiysk is significantly high, and the company can also provide services on a commercial basis for other businesses and residents of the city. Today, non-contact washing is the most popular way to clean the body and vehicle components, since it does not damage the paintwork of the car. MP "Vodokanal" will have a modern washing chamber, which will allow servicing cars up to 12 meters long and up to 6 meters high, and modern equipment will be selected.

Posted on Allbest.ru

Development of a project for a car service, service station or auto repair shop

The design of car services involves competent zoning. Care must be taken to have the following areas and spaces of the correct size.

Parking. It must accommodate a sufficient number of vehicles.
Site for minor repairs. For this, a room for 2 cars is usually allocated.
An area for full-fledged computer diagnostics and long-term repairs. The size of the premises depends on the planned number of clients.
Site for the "descent collapse". To provide this popular service in the auto repair shop, it is also necessary to allocate a separate room.
Premises for employees. These include a lounge and dining room, shower room, changing room and toilet. It is also necessary to provide a bathroom for clients.
Client lounge area. Optional, but desirable.
Warehouses. Needed for storing spare parts, equipment, cleaning equipment, etc.

If you plan to open a cargo service station, the dimensions of the compartments must be appropriate. The sizes are chosen depending on which kind of trucks the workshop will specialize in.

Note! When developing a project for a city service station, car service or auto repair shop, it is imperative to take care of ensuring safety. This will protect expensive equipment and vehicles abandoned by customers for long-term repairs.

The advantages of our company are to solve problems in an integrated manner

Designing car washes with any number of posts

You can order from us development of turnkey car wash projects designed for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more posts. When creating documentation, special attention is paid to the following aspects.

Study of a business plan.
Analysis of the selected technical equipment of the service depending on the performance of the equipment.
Calculation of the dimensions of a car or cargo car wash and its premises.
Their competent location.
Determination of the number of compartments for the provision of services.
The choice of the method of water discharge.
Calculation of its consumption, cleaning parameters and the amount of sludge.
Determination of the most suitable technologies for accumulation and disposal of sludge.
Preparation and approval of documentation.
Calculation of the parking area, etc.

You can order a stationary car wash project from us with the binding of equipment and premises both during the construction of a new facility and during the reconstruction of a building or its part. We will take into account all important factors and offer the best solution.

In addition, you can order a self-service car wash project from us. Such services are very popular.

Design of tire fitting buildings for trucks and cars

You can order a project of a tire fitting building from us, which is ideal for organizing a workshop. When preparing the documentation, we take into account the following important features.

The workshop building should have spacious rooms for accommodating tire, balancing and auxiliary equipment, as well as the necessary equipment.
The placement of stands is designed taking into account the sequence of operations performed. Tire changers are located closer to the front door. Further - balancing. In the depths of the room, auxiliary equipment is located (machines for washing discs, machines for straightening discs, welding machines, vulcanizers, compressors, etc.).
It is advisable to install workbenches next to tire changers. This will greatly simplify the implementation of the work.
The distances between the machines are chosen in such a way that there is no inconvenience when moving personnel and automobile wheels. Two people should freely disperse in the aisles.
The main room needs heating. It is economically unprofitable to use electric heating. If it is impossible to connect to the central highway, it is necessary to organize autonomous heating. This will require an additional utility room to accommodate the boiler. In this case, the free space can be used as an additional warehouse.
In addition to heating, a forced ventilation system will be required, since toxic substances will be used during operation.

When developing projects for buildings of a cargo or passenger tire fitting, premises for cars are not allocated, since in most cases the removal and installation of wheels is carried out in the open air. If the area of the site allows, you can design special sheds.

We work in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87 (as amended on April 21, 2018) "On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content"

Projects of car dealerships and auto centers to order

Design car dealerships and auto repair centers- a more difficult task compared to the previous ones.

Such buildings and structures are large in size.
In construction, modern materials are used, as well as more sophisticated technologies and structures.
The exterior of the building must correspond to the corporate identity of the company.
The object must be connected to various engineering networks.
Landscaping is required.
It is necessary to pay special attention to the zoning of the object and provide for the presence of the following premises.
- An exhibition hall designed for a certain number of cars.
- Lounge for clients.
- A cafe.
- Service premises (car wash, repair and maintenance workshops, etc.).
- Administration office.
- Utility rooms (warehouses for auto parts, bathrooms, etc.).
- Underground parking (if it is impossible to arrange the usual one), etc.

When developing a project for a car dealership, you need to take care of the safety of people and property.

Our services for the design and construction support of such facilities

Here you can order all types of services for the design of service stations, car dealerships, car services, car washes and tire shops. Our competence:

all types of surveys;
obtaining the most favorable technical conditions for connecting the structure to utilities;
obtaining a GPZU;
creating a sketch;
preparation of AGO;
development of all sections of project documentation;
coordination with supervisory authorities;
conducting examinations;
approval of documents in ISOGD;
obtaining a building permit;
preparation of a notice of the start of work on the site;
organization of construction and quality control;
registration of the necessary documents and acts after the completion of the construction of the building;
obtaining permission to commission a facility;

Note! By choosing to accompany the construction of a turnkey facility, you will save a significant amount.

The washer is designed to thoroughly remove dust and dirt from the outer parts of the chassis and car body. The car is usually washed with cold or warm (20 - 30 ° C) clean water and less often with the use of detergent solutions. In order to avoid damage to the color of the car body, the difference between the temperatures of the water and the surface to be washed should not exceed 18 - 20 ° C. In this regard, in winter, before washing, the car should be placed in a room for heating.

Depending on the water pressure, a sink is distinguished at a low pressure equal to 196 133 - 686 466 n / m 2 (2 - 7 kg / cm 2) and at high - 980 665 - 2 451 660 n / m 2 (10 - 25 kg / cm 2).

According to the method of execution, the sink can be manual, semi-mechanized and mechanized.

Hand washing is done from a hose; in semi-mechanized washing, one part of the car (chassis or body) is washed manually, and the other - mechanized; for mechanized washing, jet or jet-brush installations are used, which operate automatically or are controlled by the operator.

Car washing is a labor-intensive process (it accounts for 30-40% of the labor intensity of daily maintenance), therefore, mechanization of washing operations is widely used in large auto enterprises, which makes it possible to reduce their cost and improve working conditions for workers. Washing installations must provide high performance, good wash quality and minimum water consumption. The latter requirement is of great importance, since the cost of water consumed during mechanized washing of cars and buses makes up a significant part of the basic costs of washing. Therefore, it provides for the collection of used water, its purification and reuse. The quality of the sink depends on the pressure of the water jet, the angle of inclination of it to the surface to be washed (the angle of attack of the jet) and the distance of the nozzles from it. In fig. 48, a shows the water consumption and the time spent on washing, depending on the pressure of the water jet at the outlet from the nozzle.

From the graphs in Fig. 48, b, it can be seen that the total water consumption for washing a car is noticeably reduced with an increase in the jet pressure, as well as with a decrease in the nozzle cross-section.

It is most expedient to use installations with movable nozzles that provide the necessary change in the direction of the water jet during the washing of the car in combination with its movement through the washing installation.

mm; 2 - nozzle with a diameter of 3.5 mm ">
Rice. 48. Dependence of water consumption and washing time on the pressure of the water stream: a - water consumption and washing time 1 msup2 / sup of a flat contaminated surface depending on the pressure of the jet at the nozzle: 1 - water consumption; 2 - washing time; b - water consumption depending on the pressure of the jet: 1 - nozzle with a diameter of 2.5 mm; 2 - nozzle with a diameter of 3.5 mm

A concentrated jet of water that has sufficient kinetic energy and retains its compact shape over a long distance is effective for the destruction and removal of dirt when washing the chassis of cars. Washing of the chassis and the lower part of the body, facing the roadbed, is successfully carried out using jet systems.

Cars sent daily to TO-1 and TO-2 (approximately 20% of the operational fleet) require a thorough bottom wash. Depending on the climatic conditions and the time of year, such a daily wash may be required for all vehicles in a given economy. Therefore, the technological process of washing should provide the ability to turn on devices for washing cars from below as needed. This not only saves water and electricity consumption, but also saves lubricant in the units and mechanisms of the car's running gear, which is washed out to a certain extent during daily intensive washing, especially with warm water. At the same time, the anti-corrosion coating of the lower body panels of frameless vehicles is also better preserved, due to which the duration of the bodies' operation is significantly increased.

The water jet does not wash away the smallest dust particles from the polished outer surfaces of the bodies of buses and cars, which are retained in a thin film of water and, when it dries, leaves a matte coating on the surface. The use of detergent solutions and warm water does not give the full effect, but only partially improves the quality of washing. Trying to improve the quality of washing by increasing the pressure of the water jet is unacceptable, as this leads to damage to the paint layer. Therefore, when washing the bodies of buses and cars, it is necessary to mechanically act on them with cleaning material or special drum-type brushes with the supply of washing solutions to the brushes, and then water.

During brush washing, the car body is usually moistened with water from the nozzles of the tubular frame at the entrance to the washing installation, which helps to pre-soften the dried dirt and makes it easier to remove. At the end of the brush wash, when leaving the wash system, the car is rinsed with water. The water pressure in the pipeline of the brush units is maintained within the range of 294 200 - 392 266 n / m 2 2 (3 - 4 kg / cm 2).

Brushes are usually made of nylon or nylon thread with a diameter of 0.5 - 0.8 mm... The direction of rotation of the brushes must be opposite to the movement of the vehicle through the wash system.

On oily surfaces of the car, when dust and dirt enters, deposits form, which are difficult to wash off with a jet of cold water. Therefore, in these cases, washing is carried out with warm water using detergent solutions. Do not use detergent solutions containing alkalis, as they cause rapid tarnishing and deterioration of the paintwork.

Currently, a special synthetic powder for washing cars has been developed (VTU No. 18/35 - 64), consisting of a synthetic detergent (DS-RAS) - 40%, sodium tripolyphosphate - 20%, sodium sulfate - 30% and water - 10% ...

Washing solution for mechanical washers should contain 7 - 8 g of synthetic powder per liter of water. The solution should be prepared in a clean container. It is advisable to use the detergent solution when washing heavily soiled vehicles. The use of cleaning solutions increases the productivity of the washing plant and improves the quality of washing.

Labor intensity standards for cleaning and washing operations for basic vehicles: 0.2 - 0.35 man-h for passenger cars (depending on the displacement); 0.33 - 0.85 man-h for buses (depending on capacity) and 0.2 - 0.4 man-h for trucks (depending on carrying capacity).

Labor costs for cleaning and washing work are distributed approximately in the following ratio: for cars for cleaning - 45%, for washing - 55%; for buses, respectively - 65% and 35%; for trucks with carburetor engines - 35% and 65%, with diesel - 27% and 73%.

The given norms of time for cleaning and washing works can be used in planning and designing lines of car maintenance. In motor vehicle fleets, these standards should be clarified by timing the time of work on specific equipment.

Station equipment for manual washing... The post of manual (hose) washing is equipped on a site with a waterproof floor with a slope of 2 - 3% towards the drain hole in the center of the site. To facilitate washing from the sides and bottom of the car, half-stages, overpasses or lifts are installed on the washing areas. If the post is intended for washing trucks with relatively free access to the lower parts, then these devices are not necessary. The dimensions of the site should be 1.25 - 1.50 m larger than the overall dimensions of the vehicles.

At the washing post, side ditches of a narrow type or wide with track bridges are also used. The bottom of the ditches is made with the same slope as indicated above.

Hand washing can be done with a low pressure water jet (196 133 - 392 266 n / m 2) (2 - 4 kg / cm 2) from the water main or high pressure jet (980 665 - 1 471 000 n / m 2) (10 - 15 kg / cm 2) from the washing system.

Hand wash with low pressure water jet is carried out from a hose with a water hose or a washing gun, as well as using a brush (model 166) shown in fig. 49. The brush consists of a duralumin tube 4, which is a handle, onto which, on one side, a plug valve 5 with a nipple for connecting a hose is screwed on, and on the other - a head with a nylon replaceable brush 3 attached to it. Water supply to the brush is regulated by a tap. The 4 m long water hose 6 makes it possible to wash cars and buses. For the convenience of performing washing work, the brush hose is sometimes attached to a rotary tubular boom 2, to the support 1 of which, mounted on the ceiling, water is supplied from the water main. Brush weight 1.72 kg. Washing with a hose from the water supply network in most cases does not give good results and is ineffective.

Hand wash with high-pressure water jet pressure is carried out with the help of pump washing installations, which increase the pressure of the water entering them. According to the design of the pumps, these installations are plunger, vortex and centrifugal. The most widespread are washing installations with vortex-type pumps.

For hose washing of cars in stationary and field conditions with pump power supply from the water supply network and from reservoirs. washing installation 5VSM - 1500 (model 1112) mobile type. It consists of a vortex five-stage self-priming pump connected by a coupling to an electric motor with a power of 6 kW at

a suction hose 8 m long with filter and check valve, two 10 m injection hoses with guns, a bypass valve, a pressure gauge and two valves mounted on a tricycle trolley.

Maximum pressure developed by the pump 1 372 930 - 1471000 n / m 2 (14 - 15 kg / cm 2), productivity at this pressure is 75 - 80 l / min, the maximum self-priming height is 5 m.

A longitudinal section of the pump is shown in Fig. 50. Each stage of the pump is a chamber bounded by the inner surfaces of the suction 9 and delivery 10 disks, between which the impeller 13 rotates, mounted on the shaft 3.

The principle of operation of a vortex pump is as follows. The impeller of each stage, rotating in a chamber filled with water, develops centrifugal force. Under the action of this force, the water between the blades is thrown from the center of the wheel to its periphery and is forced out into the semicircular section of the guide channel 16 of the discharge disc. In the channel, water makes an annular movement from the periphery to the center and again enters the lower part of the blades. Thus, the water makes an annular movement between the blades of the rotating impeller and the guide channel of the disk and simultaneously moves together with the wheel, forming, as it were, a vortex bundle of the water flow. The guide channel, which has a variable cross-section, is not closed (made on an arc of 330 °) and ends with a hole. Therefore, the water moving along the channel is compressed and displaced through the pressure hole into the next stage of the pump. As a result of the vortex movement, the water pressure increases during the transition from stage to stage.

In a five-stage pump, the guide channel ends with two holes 27 and 26, of which the second, additional one, is located at a smaller radius than the main one. The presence of two pressure holes creates a self-priming effect when the pump is in operation, and it works stably when air enters it, which occurs at the beginning of the pump when water is sucked from a reservoir, for the first start of the pump, it is enough to fill only its casing with water.

In order to avoid freezing of water in winter, the pump is provided with drain holes, which are closed with drain plugs 24.

When a vortex pump is operating, its performance varies inversely with the head. Maximum performance is achieved with minimum head.

When the discharge line is closed, the water supply decreases, the jet pressure increases significantly, and at the same time the power consumed by the electric motor increases.

To regulate the pressure developed by the pump and the amount of water supplied to the delivery hoses, as well as to automatically prevent overloading of the electric motor when the delivery line is closed, the flanges of the delivery and suction pump casing are connected by a bypass valve adjusted to a maximum pressure of 1,471,000 n / m 2 (15 kg / cm 2).

Installation weight 216 kg.

Washing installation 1NVZS-1500 (model 1100) with a three-stage vortex pump, it is arranged similarly to the installation with a five-stage pump and is intended for hose washing of cars in stationary conditions with water intake from the water supply network. The unit does not have a self-priming effect. The three-stage vortex pump is driven by a 2.8 electric motor kW at

and supplies water at a maximum pressure of 980 665 - 1 078 730 2 (10 - 11 kg / cm 2) through one hose with a gun. Pump capacity 50 - 60 l / min.

The unit is mounted on a foundation with a slab. When starting up the unit for the first time, it is required to fill the pump and suction pipe with water. Installation weight 110 kg.

During the operation of vortex pumps, it is necessary to observe the lubrication of the bearings and the condition of the oil seals. The ball bearings must be lubricated with US once every two months, and the lubricant must be changed and the bearings washed twice a year. Water leakage through the oil seals is eliminated by tightening them; when completely worn out, the oil seals are replaced with new ones. The pump housing and chambers must be purged once a year. To do this, unscrew the drain plugs, disconnect the hoses and start the installation for 1 - 1.5 minutes. The same operation is performed at the end of the installation in the cold season.

The bottom of the car is washed with a concentrated (dagger) jet of water capable of knocking down dirt. To wash the polished surfaces of the body, in order to avoid damage to the paint, a spray (fan-shaped) stream of water is required. The change in the shape of the jet from fan-shaped and dust-like to solid dagger is achieved with a washing gun.

The washing gun (model 134 - 1) consists of a body 2 (Fig. 51), which is pressed into a sleeve 3 with eight holes around the circumference for the passage of water and a threaded central hole for tightening the screw 1. At the front end of the screw there is a hole in the walls of which four through oblique cuts 6, and at the opposite end there is a deep axial hole, with which four radial holes are connected. In the front part of the housing, a nut 4 is used to attach a replaceable nozzle 5 with a conical inlet and a cylindrical outlet.

Water enters the inner cavity of the gun from a hose through the axial and radial holes in the screw and through the holes in the sleeve goes into the front of the gun body and into the nozzle. Depending on the position of the screw in relation to the sleeve and the hole in the front of the housing, different jet patterns can be obtained.

If by turning the pistol body to screw in the screw all the way, the water outlet from the pistol will be blocked. If the screw is slightly unscrewed, then the slanting slots of the screw will not be completely closed, and water will pass through them into the nozzle. In this case, flowing through the oblique slots with. high speed, the water will receive a rotational motion, and at the exit from the nozzle, the water jet will be sprayed in the form of a cone with a large apex angle.

When unscrewing the screw and increasing the flow area of the oblique slots, the speed of water flow through them will decrease until a continuous dagger jet is obtained.

The approximate water consumption for manual washing using washing installations is given in table. 3.

Note... The first column in the column is the consumption for washing in summer and winter, the second - in autumn and spring.

High pressure hose cleaning can achieve good quality, but this cleaning method is rather laborious.

Equipment for mechanized washing stations... For mechanized car wash, stationary installations are used, which are divided into jet and brush.

With the help of jet systems, the car can be washed from the bottom and the whole completely. Units with brush drums are used for external washing (outer surface of the body and fenders) of cars and buses. They are usually used in combination with underfloor jet systems.

Bottom car wash system (model 1104)... The unit is designed for jet washing cars from below at wash stations with a through passage, as well as on conveyor lines with a continuous flow service system.

The washing plant (fig. 52) consists of the Segner wheels, piping and pumping station. The four lower Segner wheels 1 rotate horizontally and wash the lower surfaces of the vehicle. Two side Segner wheels 2 rotate in a vertical plane and wash the wheels, fenders and side surfaces of the car.

The rotation of the Segner wheels occurs due to the reactive forces arising from the outflow of water under pressure from the nozzles (with a diameter of 3 and 4.5 mm), screwed onto the bent ends of the pipes.

Pumping station 3 consists of a two-stage centrifugal vortex pump type 2,5-TsV-1,1 connected to an electric motor with a power of 14 kW at

Pump capacity - 18 m 3 / h... At the end of the suction line there is a filter 8 with a check valve. The water pressure in the discharge line 4 is measured with a pressure gauge 5.

In this system, it is possible to tilt and move in the clamps of the pillar plates, on which the side Segner wheels are attached, which makes it possible to use it for washing cars of different types, differing in wheel and track sizes. The height of the wheel center from the floor can vary from 360 to 550 mm... Segner wheels must be installed along the height of the vehicle wheel axle so that the distance from the plane of the nozzles to the sidewall of the tire is 150 mm... In order to avoid hitting the side racks of the Segner wheels, flanges are made along the washing station.

In order to improve the working conditions of washers, protective shields with dimensions 2000 X 3000 should be installed behind the side Segner wheels. mm .

The ball bearings of the Segner wheels are lubricated monthly.

Clogged nozzles leads to a decrease in the number of revolutions of the Segner wheels (their normal speed is 100 - 150 rpm ) and to the deterioration of the operation of the installation. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically clean the nozzles and the suction filter.

Before starting the installation after a long break in operation, the suction line 7 of the pumping station should be pre-filled with water through the hole closed by the plug 6.

If the unit is used on a conveyor line, the distance between the centers of the outermost lower segier wheels must be chosen so that the time between wetting and washing off the dirt is 5 - 7 minutes.

Installation weight - 435 kg.

Installation for washing trucks (model 1114). The unit is designed for jet washing of GAZ, ZIL and MAZ trucks, as well as two-axle trailers with the same track gauge on washing production lines with a through passage.

The installation (Fig. 53) consists of two pairs of tubular welded frames of preliminary 5 and final 9 washing, into which water is pumped by pumps 6 and 10, equipment cabinet 2, conveyor 13 with drive station 14, tension station 1 and guide 12.

The working bodies are swinging collectors with nozzles: side Zi6 (Fig. 54), lower 4 and upper 5 (on the final flushing frame). On the pre-wash frame there is an adjustable collector with directional nozzles 4 (Fig. 53). The swing angle of the collectors is 75 °, the number of swings is 34.6 per minute.

The collector swing is driven by electric motors 1 (Fig. 54) with a power of 0.6 kW at

through worm gearboxes 2 and a system of rods and joints.

Centrifugal vortex pumps type 2,5-TsV-1,1 driven by electric motors 14 kW at

pressurized water 784 532 n / m 2 (8 kg / cm 2). Pump capacity at this pressure 18 m 3 / h.

The equipment cabinet contains electrical equipment (magnetic starters, relays, switches, light signaling, etc.).

For installation, a conveyor of any design can be used, which allows you to adjust the speed of movement of vehicles within 2.8 - 4 m / min... The 4002 conveyor is recommended.

The unit can operate in intermittent mode in the case of washing single vehicles arriving at the wash at intervals of 2 - 3 min and more, or in continuous mode when washing a stream of cars, when the interval between cars does not exceed 30 seconds,

When the unit is operating in intermittent mode, the car, driving the front wheel onto pedal 3 (Fig. 53), turns on the conveyor, the pumping station and the electric motor of the swing drive of the frame collectors 5. Then, moving with the help of the conveyor along the washing station, the car drives the front wheel onto the pedal 7 , including the pumping station and the drive of the frame collectors 9.

When the rear wheel hits the pedal 8, the action of all drives of the preliminary washing frame is turned off, and when the pedal 11 is hit, the final washing frame is turned off and the conveyor stops. The cycle of the installation is repeated when the next vehicle passes.

In continuous operation mode, the first car turns on the installation (as mentioned above), and it works continuously until the entire flow of cars has passed.

The capacity of the plant is 20 - 30 vehicles per hour, the water consumption per vehicle is 1700 - 2300 liters. To reuse water, it is necessary to equip a reservoir with sedimentation tanks and treatment facilities.

Before starting work, check the tightness of the fasteners, the tightness of the hydraulic connections, the condition of the nozzles and the operation of the pedal mechanism, and also lubricate all bearings.

At the end of the work, it is necessary to rinse the pedal frames and the conveyor chain. The grease in the gearboxes should be checked periodically and replaced once every 3 to 4 months.

It is prohibited to move vehicles around the wash station when the collectors are inoperative.

Installation weight 1488 kg.

Equipment for washing cars... For external washing of cars in large motor vehicle fleets, a five-brush mechanized washing installation (model 1110M)... It consists of a horizontal 5 (Fig. 55) and two double vertical 17, 21, 25 and 29 drum brushes made of nylon threads, 1 wetting and 7 rinsing shower frames, a cleaning solution supply system, a cabin with a hardware cabinet in which control devices are located installation.

The upper ends of the racks of frames and brushes are connected by longitudinal and transverse pipes, forming a closed annular system, through which water is supplied to the brushes and frames from the water supply network under pressure 196 133 - 392 266 n / m 2 (2 - 4 kg / cm 2). Each shower frame consists of horizontal and vertical pipes with nozzles, two of which can be adjusted to direct the spray to hard-to-reach areas of the vehicle buffer.

Each drum brush is driven by an individual 0.6 kW electric motor through a worm gear.

The horizontal brush designed for washing the hood and roof of the car is made stepwise to better fit the roof surfaces. To balance the brush, a counterweight with a weight 3 consisting of ballast is provided. By changing the amount of ballast, you can adjust the position of the brush in height and change the angle of inclination of the frame 4.

Vertical brushes clean the front, side and rear surfaces of the vehicle, which is achieved thanks to the large turning radius of the brushes. The frames of double brushes in the free state are set at an angle of 90 ° by means of tension springs 19 and 27, and in the process of operation they diverge by 180 °.

When the car arrives at the car wash station, it is first moistened with water from frame 1, then the horizontal brush comes into operation, and as the car progresses further, the vertical brushes work. Without touching the car anymore, the brush drums, under the action of the weights 9 suspended on the cables through the blocks, return to their original position, and the car moving further is rinsed out of the frame 7. The brushes perform

(150 rpm)×	π	rad / sec.

	30

For a more thorough washing, a washing solution is used, which at regular intervals can come from the tank 11 under the pressure of compressed air 392 266 - 490 332 n / m 2 (4 - 5 kg / cm 2) through the nozzles in the frame 10 to the surface of the car body. The volume of the tank is 50 liters.

The washing post must be equipped with a conveyor that ensures the movement of cars at a speed of 4-5 m / min... The capacity of the installation is 40 - 45 vehicles per hour, the water consumption per vehicle is 400 - 500 liters. Installation weight 1522 kg.

To wash cars from below at the wash post, it is required to additionally mount the unit model 1104 or 1134.

Underfloor washing machine for cars (model 1134) designed for jet cleaning of the underbody, surfaces under the fenders and chassis of passenger cars. The main working bodies of the installation are two washing mechanisms 8 (Fig. 56) with oscillating nozzles. The collectors of the washing mechanisms make a double movement: rocking and circular.

The swinging movement of the collectors is provided by a mechanical drive from the electric motor 1 (power 1.7 kW at 1440 rpm), connected to the gearbox 2, which, through the crank and the rod 7, transmits the force to the levers and rods connected to the manifolds.

The circular movement of the collectors is obtained from hydraulic motors connected by an oil discharge line 6 with an oil pump 3, which rotates from an electric motor 1. To drain the oil back into the tank 4, a pipeline 5 serves. from flexible hoses with nozzles.

The manifold swings 28 per minute, the swing angle is 60 °, and the circular speed

(100 rpm)×	π	rad / sec

	30

For washing the car under the wings, there are two pairs of devices, which are cantilevered pipes with nozzles, which, when the wheels hit them, rotate around the vertical axes and return to their original position under the action of springs. These devices are installed before the vehicle enters the car wash.

The installation is powered by water from a centrifugal vortex pump type 2,5-TsV-1,1 with a capacity of 18 m 3 / h at a pressure of 784 532 n / m 2 (8 kg / cm 2).

The car must be forced to move through the wash post at a speed of 4 - 6 m / min... Productivity of the installation is 40-50 cars per hour, water consumption for washing one car is 450 liters.

Installation weight 653 kg.

Installation for washing wheels of cars (model TsKB1144) used for external wheel washing. The working bodies of the installation are two washing mechanisms equipped with rotating nylon brushes 2 (Fig. 57), which are fed to the car wheel using a pneumatic drive.

The brushes rotate at a speed

(100 rpm)×	π	rad / sec

	30

from a 0.6 kW electric motor connected to a gearbox 5, the body of which is fixed on a carriage moving along the base of the washing mechanism on rollers. A pneumatic brush drive cylinder is mounted inside the base.

The spherical base of the brushes is mounted on the hollow output shaft of the gearbox. Water from the water supply network through the patrol-bsk 1 enters through the hollow shaft of the gearbox to the brushes and the wheel of the car.

To turn on and off the electric motor and the magnetic water supply valve, there is a limit switch, which is influenced by the stop of the movable carriage of the washing mechanism.

The car wheel is locked during the washing process using a pneumatically driven gripper. The pneumatic cylinder 7 of the gripper is connected to the pneumatic cylinder of the left washing mechanism.

Regulator 4 operating modes serves to maintain the operating pressure (392 266 n / m 2, i.e. 4 kg / cm 2) in the pneumatic system, as well as for distributing air through the pneumatic cylinders and switching the electrical system into operation using a pressure sensor with a microswitch. Air is supplied to the regulator when the car wheel hits the pedal 6,

The electrical equipment is mounted in the equipment cabinet 5. The scheme of the installation is shown in fig. 58.

With the help of the installation, the wheels of one axle of the car are washed at the same time. The washing time for all wheels of one car is 30 - 50 seconds, while the water consumption is 60 - 70 liters. This unit must be used in conjunction with the model 1110M washing unit and installed in front of it.

Installation weight 560 kg.

Bus washing equipment... A three-brush unit is used to wash the side surfaces and roofs of wagon-type buses in large fleets. for washing buses (model 1129).

The main units of the installation (Fig. 59) are: shower frame 1 for pre-wetting, horizontal brush drum 5, vertical brush drums 16 and 17, shower frame 10 for rinsing and a cabin 6 with a control panel.

The brush drums are mounted on tubular racks connected from above by longitudinal and transverse pipes, forming a closed annular system through which water is supplied to the brush drums and shower frames.

Water enters the installation from the water supply network under pressure 294 200 - 392 266 n / m 2 (3 - 4 kg / cm 2).

Vertical brush drums are mounted in rotating frames, to which cables are attached, which are thrown over rollers. The load 13, suspended from the cable, sets the frame in such a position that the bus, passing the washing station, pushes the brush drums apart, forcing the frames to turn. At the same time, the loads are lifted and with constant force press the brush drums against the body.

The horizontal brush drum is also mounted in a frame with a horizontal swing axis and is under the action of a counterweight 2.

Each brush drum is individually driven, consisting of an electric motor with a power of 1.7 kW at

All brush drums are stepped for better adhesion to all surfaces of the bus body. The stepping is achieved due to the different lengths of the nylon threads.

The electrical equipment is mounted on a control panel in a cabin with glazed walls.

During the washing process, the buses move on their own at a speed of 7 m / min... Installation capacity 30 - 40 buses per hour; water consumption for washing one bus 400 l. Installation weight 1411 kg.

The front, back and side surfaces, as well as the roofs of wagon-type buses in large fleets, are washed using a five-brush automatic plant for washing buses (model 1126).

The working bodies of this installation are five brush drums, one of which is located horizontally.

The vertical brush drums are paired. In the free state, they are at an angle of 90 °, and during operation they can diverge by 180 °. Rolled brush drums Retained by main pneumatic actuator, pressurized 392 266 - 490 332 n / m 2 (4- 5 kg / cm 2), and are returned to their original position by a pneumatic return actuator under pressure 147 100 - 196 133 n / m 2 (1,5 - 2 kg / cm 2).

To ensure trouble-free operation of pneumatic drives of vertical brushes, there is an air dispensing device consisting of a reservoir, an oil filter and a cabinet in which a pressure gauge, pressure reducing and safety valves are located.

The brushes rotate at a speed and

Before entering the area of action of the brushes, the body of the bus is wetted, and when leaving it, it is rinsed with water from shower frames, the action of which is synchronized by magnetic valves.

Water is supplied to the unit from the water supply network under pressure 294 200 - 392 266 n / m 2 (3 - 4 kg / cm 2): the unit provides for the possibility of supplying a cleaning solution using a reservoir and pipelines. The electrical diagram of the installation allows setting adjustment, single and continuous modes of operation.

The movement of the bus along the washing post is carried out forcibly using a conveyor at a speed of 6 - 9 m / min... The capacity of the installation is 30 - 35 buses per hour, the water consumption for washing one bus is 500 liters.

The considered installations for external washing of buses should be used in combination with the installation for washing cars from below (model 1104).

Waste water treatment during washing... The water after washing the car contains a lot of dirt, oil and fuel. For water purification, the washing stations are equipped with mud pots and oil-and-petrol catchers, the principle of which is based on the difference in the specific gravity of water, mud, oil and fuel. Suspended solid particles settle at the bottom of the sump, then the water enters the trap, in the upper part of the well of which oil and fuel float and are discharged into an oil sump, which is periodically cleaned, and the water is sent to the sewer system or collected in sedimentation tanks for reuse (Fig. 60 ).

Clarification of water in sedimentation tanks occurs slowly, since medium and fine particles are in suspension for a long time. The performance of treatment facilities can be increased by increasing the surface of the sedimentation tanks, but this significantly increases their size and cost.

Therefore, to accelerate water purification for the purpose of its reuse, the coagulation method is used - the method of coagulation of substances in the water in a colloidal state into flakes, which, when precipitated, capture polluting particles and carry them out into the sediment. As a coagulant, aluminum sulfate or ferrous sulfate is used. With repeated purification, the water must be alkalized with slaked lime or soda ash. The sump and oil-petrol catcher are located near the washing station in a place accessible for their periodic cleaning.

A dense mass is formed at the bottom of the sump, which must be turned into a slurry for removal. Sludge ponds are cleaned using pumps, injectors, grabs, excavators with a bucket capacity of 0.25 m 3 and other devices.

Mud pump mixer (model 9002) centrifugal type, multistage, sectional, portable, designed for pumping slurry consisting of 65% water and 35% sand or crushed soil. The pump is a shaft, consisting of separate elements-sections 1, 2, 6 and 12 (Fig. 61). The lower part of the pump ends with a receiver with a mesh. An electric motor 5 with a power of 14 is mounted on the upper section. kW at (1460 rpm) rad / sec, connected to a common transmission shaft, made up of four sectional shafts 8 with bladed propellers.

To create a slurry in the mud sump with the lever mechanism 4, the shutters 10 are raised and the windows of the roiling chamber 9 are opened. Then, the start button "Lev." turn on the electric motor. In this case, the lower blade rotor 11 stirs up the mud mixture and lifts it into the stirring chamber, from where the mixture is poured through the open windows back into the sump, thereby accelerating the process of stirring up the entire mass of sediment. The stirring process takes about 5 minutes. Then the electric motor is stopped, the windows of the roiling chamber are closed and the electric motor is started with the "Right" button. In this case, the slurry will be supplied by the blade screws to the outlet 7.

Pump capacity 35 m 3 / h, the maximum lifting height of the slurry is 5 m. The weight of the pump is 620 kg.

All shaft bearings should be lubricated once a month using a grease nipple 3.

Wipe and dry... After washing the car, it is recommended to blow the engine and ignition system devices with compressed air using a special gun (model 199).

When the trigger is pulled, compressed air flows to the gun nozzle. When the diffuser is removed, a concentrated air stream is obtained, which is used to blow off hard-to-reach parts. Air is supplied under pressure 980 665 n / m 2 (10 kg / cm 2), its flow rate is 0.25 m3 / min. Gun weight 0.7 kg.

The undersides of the chassis of cars are usually not rubbed. The outer surface of the cab is wiped dry with a wiping material, and the polished surface of the body is wiped with chamois or flannel to a mirror finish. In addition, they wipe glass, the engine hood, the radiator grille, fenders, headlights, sidelights, direction indicators, a taillight, a brake signal and license plates.

Compressed air can be used for drying cars, which is supplied under pressure 196 133 - 392 266 n / m 2 (2 - 4 kg / cm 2) through pipes and hoses to posts.

The process of removing moisture from the car after washing can be mechanized using installations for blowing cars. There are installations similar to jet washers that use compressed air. In fig. 62 shows a stationary arched air blower for cars after washing (model 1123) a different type. Three EVR-6 centrifugal fans are mounted on welded spatial truss 1. The upper fan 7, designed to blow the hood and roof of the car, is driven by an electric motor with a power of 20 kW, and two side fans 2 and 5 - to blow the side surfaces from electric motors with a power of 14 kW at

(1460 rpm)×	π	rad / sec.

	30

Each fan is covered with an air duct

(4, 6 and 8) of a snail type with a slotted outlet section, from which the air flow exits at an angle of 65 ° to the direction of movement of the vehicle. The control devices for the unit are located in the equipment cabinet 3.

The car at the post of blowing is moved forcibly by means of a conveyor at a speed of 4 - 6 m / min... The plant productivity is 30 - 40 vehicles per hour. Installation weight 1450 kg. There must be a gap of at least 4.5 m between the washing and blowing units.

In order to speed up the process, air preheated in a heater to 40 - 50 ° C can be supplied to installations for blowing off cars.

Drying of cars with infrared lamps, as well as thermo-radiation drying with dark infrared panels, used for painting cars, is progressive.

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