Sooner or later, the owners of summer and private houses have to solve the task - how to smell the stove? The heater failed rushes a threat to life and health inhabitants at home. It is no coincidence of the rules fire safety It is prohibited to operate a faulty furnace. The work of the Master of the Pechska is not cheap. However, if necessary, repair the "heart of the house" can be independently.
The furnace can fail for various reasons. It is sometimes easier not to smear emerging defects, but re-shifting the furnace. However, such cardinal measures are rarely required. As a rule, the main causes of the emergency state are shrinkage, poor-quality materials and errors made by the lays down of the hearth.
Heat supply systems require regular maintenance. According to the standp stands heating devices At the cottage you need to examine twice a year. And in a private house at least once a quarter. Unfortunately, most of the homeowners are neglected by these requirements.
The main danger to the tenants of the house is not the collapsed focus, but the gap appeared in it. An explanation of a simple - obvious emergency oven no one will heat up, but the cracks can not always be noted on time. Curly smoke, leaning through them, is a serious danger for the inhabitants of the house. According to the statistics provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, during a fire, 70% of people die of smoke, and from those who survived 42% fall into the hospital with carbon monoxide poisoning.
Therefore, on time, the repair carried out is the security deposit of your family. Most of the Masters and Pechnikas are on the question: "What to smell the oven so that it does not crack from the heat?", Advise to use clay. However, there is a nuance. There are several types of mixtures and almost every one uses clay.
Clay is the main component in the manufacture of masonry stoves. This is explained by her unique quality - When heated, it turns into a stone. The clay solution withstands high temperatures and ensures the reliability of the entire structure. But other ingredients are applied to manufacture. Clay is divided into two types: dry and fat. When heated, the first crumble, and the second cracks and dries.
Note that the ratio of the components of the solution will always be different. Each time the proportions are determined by experiments. After all, in nature there is never two absolutely identical rocks. For each solution depending on the fatty clay perfect combination Ingredients will change.
The quality of the breed is defined as follows. It is necessary to roll a clay cord with a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 20 cm, after which they wrap the wooden blank with a diameter of 5 cm. The harness from normal clay is gradually stretched and when its thickness decreases by more than 70% of the initial volume, it turns out.
The most common is the mixture of clay and sand. It is in demand when laying, finishing and repairing the hearth.
The name "clay and sandy solution" says for itself. It includes sand, clay and water. Oddly enough, problems may occur even with water - it should not contain mineral salts and yals. Otherwise, even the whitewashes will save from the protruding salt spots. At the beginning of the XX century, the wizard, kneading the solution, used rainwater. However, not only water needs cleaning.
Sand, which is used to prepare a solution, is pre-sieved through a sieve. This allows you to clean it from gravel, herbs and roots, which makes a masonry seam thin and neat. Before mixing the molding of the solution, the clay should be soaked in warm water for 12 hours.
The phased production of the mixture is as follows:
Despite the low cost of the components, such a clay-sandy solution confidently competes with modern construction grouts and adhesives.
Often, when construction and repairing brick furnaces is used chammed clay. After heat treatment, this breed receives additional properties. For the manufacture of the chamot, the kaolin clay is used. In the process of heat treatment (+1500 degrees) it turned into a stone. The resulting stone powder is added to the solution in the repair or construction of the furnace.
Chamotte clay differs from similar materials by the following advantages:
In addition, chamotte clay is safe for human health and will provide a long life of the focus. Unfortunately, it was not without negative qualities.
In nature, Shamot is not found, and the kaolin clay, which lies in its basis, is quite rare material. It is not surprising that the main drawback of such a material is the price. The second nuance - Shamot tolerate the wet atmosphere. Therefore, in order to highlight the oven qualitatively, you need to use other materials (cement, career sand).
The finishing mixture of the focus for repairing the focus is created in the following proportions: 7 parts of sand, 1 cement and 2 clays. The amount of water is selected individually. The proportions may change slightly, but it is this combination that is considered the best.
The solution from the chamot will be reliable if it is performed to comply with a certain regulation: first to divert cement to the state of thick milk, then add other components.
Previously, refractory clay before work was soaked in water for three days - it was attached to her plasticity. Products of modern manufacturers do not require so long preparation. The solution can be kneaded immediately after the last component is covered in the container. Rough kneading is done with the help of improvised tools (shovel, chippet, etc.). But complete the mixing mixture is better manually. The solution in this case will be better - after all, you will feel even the smallest lumps.
Of course, deny the advantages of traditional solutions is stupid, but sometimes ovens require operational repairs. For example, the planned celebration in the winter dacha may be threatened due to a faulty furnace. It will be difficult to get claine in this case. Of course, shops traded chamotte mixtures all year round, but also cannot be used immediately after purchase. And what can be smeared a home or country center except for clay based solutions?
One option is a heat-resistant glue, designed to work with fireplaces and furnaces. Such glue is for sale in the form of a dry mix or immediately ready to work. However, if there is a big front of work, it is better to use dry glue, since the liquid mixture dries quickly.
The main components of heat-resistant mixtures are all the same shaft, cement, sand, synthetic and mineral supplements. Depending on the type of glue, one or another element prevails in it. After all, each of them is responsible for a specific characteristic. For example, cement is responsible for strength, synthetic additives increase the plasticity and moisture resistance, and the chapel heat resistance. Therefore, planning the repair of the furnace with the help of heat-resistant glue, pay attention to its composition.
In fact, after independent manufacture The solution itself is unlikely to cause many difficulties:
The furnace will be ready for use only after the solution is driving. By the way, in this homemade solutions Losing the heat-resistant glue - it dries 30 minutes after which you can start to the extract.
Working with heat-resistant mixtures almost completely repeats work with clay solutions. The only difference is after sealing cracks, the oven is not placed, but is trimmed with solid adhesive heat-resumed mixtures.
In order not to crack the oven in the house, it is necessary to responsible for the construction of the building. The main causes of malfunction are laid at this stage. But if the problem has already arisen, it is important to quickly eliminate it. How and what to do, you will learn about it in the article.
Turn
First, it will be necessary to understand why cracks are sprawling along the wall of the stove.
Before you correctly and reliably smear the furnace, to prevent repeated malfunctions, you need to know what may affect the integrity of the furnace coating:
The answer to this question is unequivocal - to lure the faulty, the changping stove will be immediately necessary, it is not recommended to use it. Such requirements are explained by no violation of the appearance of the walls, namely cracks that pass the carbon monoxide to the room. The poisoning of burning waste can lead to sad consequences.
Firefighter statistics argues - most people in a fire dies precisely because of the gas, and not from the fire.
Therefore, at the first signs of smaller in the house you will need to perform:
But first of all, the diagnosis will help determine the amount of damaged surfaces and an approximate amount of materials for eliminating. If a solution was simpsed, a solution from high temperatures you need to simply defeat the layer of plaster and apply a new layer from high-quality materials.
Worse if the cracks are pass through and continue to expand, after the work performed. In this case, it may be necessary to call specialists to detect the causes and masonry of the new stove. Stone furnaces are a complex design, so trying to post her on the book is not worth it, it is better to trust this work to an experienced cook.
Such cracks will not be able to just shine
In this example, too, it is not necessary to smell. The brick cracked greatly.
If the cracks are small and their size does not increase, you can proceed to independently eliminate the malfunction. To do this, it is important to prepare a high-quality solution and correctly apply it to the wall. How to smell cracks in the furnace so that it does not crack from the heat - the knowledge of basic materials for the manufacture of the solution will help in this issue.
Examples of small cracks:
For these purposes, you can use several options that reliably close the cracks in the walls and will not allow gas to go into the room. We will analyze every way of more.
Before making cracks on the stove chamotte clay, you need to know its advantages: 
For the manufacture of the solution, several ingredients will be mixed:
The solution is well mixed and water is added. The consistency depends on the skill and type of work, but should not be made highly liquid or thick. To get rid of stones and lumps, clay can be pre-dunk in water for several hours and smash the lumps of the material, and the cement and sand sift. Such a solution will be plastic, stacked on the surface with a smooth layer.
Plastering the walls in the presence of a certain skill simply. To do this, it is important to establish beacons and distributing the solution, to dissolve the layer on the wall. It will be necessary to prepare a trowel, a spatula, the size of which depends on the surface area.
This is the most democratic inexpensive solution for plastering surfaces. Such an oven solution has sufficient plasticity and is not subject to destruction under the action of high temperatures.
Prepare a solution to work is simply necessary for this:
Opinion expert
Pavel Kruglov
Lake with 25 years old
Important! At this time, you can determine the quality of the solution. Having lowered the holder from the shovel into it, and seeing the pure clay - in this case it will take a little sand. Only seeing a small clutch of the sand and clay solutions on the holder, you can start shuttering the stove walls.
This solution, it is necessary to extract all the cracks that have appeared, pre-mocked the surface and then plaster the stove into several layers. In the villages still use old fashionBy adding a horsepower to the finished solution. Such a solution is obtained with elevated thermal insulation properties. The hay plays the role of aircraft, which impede the free passage of heat.
Such a putty for the furnace is sold in the finished form, but it is easy to do it yourself. The main advantage of this material is the ability to maintain properties even when heated to 10,000. Industrial materials are used to improve furnaces and repair of furnaces and fireplaces, but the price of such a grout is high, so homemade masters make it with their own hands.
The mixture for the coating of the furnace is made in several stages:
You can fill out gaps between bricks, slots, cracks and perform the first black layer of plaster.
In order to repair the stove from the crack in the construction store to buy a heat-resistant special glue. Thanks to its properties, it is not exposed to high temperatures for a long time. It uses the addition of chammed clay and cements with high refractory properties.
A plastic and solid blend of glue is produced. Using solid materials, plastered surfaces of furnaces. Plastic glue fill cracks and seams between bricks.
Using this material it is necessary to follow the instructions in the dilution and use of the heat-resistant substance. Do not make it large portions, it dries quickly and becomes not suitable for work.
In order to reliably smear the slit in brick ovenWorks are carried out in several stages:
It is not recommended to use the furnace until the solution is completely dry. Using different materials This period may change. Using the heat-resistant glue, the layer of the solution will dry out for several hours.
More will be required for drying and becoming a clay and sand solution. In this case, it will be possible to use the stove only a day later. Then the brick oven, protected from cracking, will remain without cracks for a long time.
Therefore, we do not advise in a hurry, immediately overpaying your Russian stove with a layer. Seeling cracks in the furnace is simple, but responsible work. The choice of material for the solution is the case is purely individual. The main thing is to work carefully and responsibly. Then in your house will always be light and purely, without smelling gary and smoke penetrating the gaps in the walls of the furnace.
← Previous article Next article →For each gathering, the stove is a great help in the farm, as well as the opportunity to heal in winter and provide the seven delicious and healthy food all year round.
Also our ancestors knew all healing propertiesrussian Furnaces: It washed in it, they prepared, the mushrooms and berries were dried on it, he was warm on the lay and so on. The oven was always the heart of the house, regardless of its dimensions: a small, having only a cooking panel, or the most real Russian oven with a layman - she could say everything about her hostess!
The furnace is used as winter option Flipping and summer, intended only for cooking.
On the Internet there are many different "existence" furnace options, but if you want to give the "highlight" room, then it is better to leave ethnicrustic Style and save that color, which tried to bring the master to his work. Russianbake Usually installed in the out of the Russian style. But it can be converted into a smaller, removing only a bed.
Renovate Brick oven You can do it yourself. Thus, you will not only save a budget, but also be able to avoid errors that often make irresponsible masters.
Before repairing the furnace, you need to familiarize yourself with all safety instructions:
be sure to use insulating materials To avoid the heating of wooden surfaces adjacent to the heated part of the stove;
pay attention to qualitymaterials : Brick should be ringing, without chips and cracks;
use fatty clay or specialmixtures, as well as;
before the start of operation, put a leaf of galvanized tin in front of the stove.
Since ancient times, recipes for the preparation of a good solution for laying brick remained. In order for it to be plastic and evenly went to bed, add to the finishedsolution Chicken egg and a little liquid dishwashing agent. The consistency of the solution must resemble a thick sour cream and be without lumps.
Locked the solution follows a flat layer, without properms and emptiness, as hot air, falling into such an "air pocket", can contribute to the appearance of cracks.
The heating system may have several types:
Room heating only stove-baby with hob. This option is suitable for a small space, as well as in cases where you are infrequently visiting the cottage.
Heating with the help of a heating system in the form of pipes passing through the furnace. In this embodiment, heat, accumulating and distributed through pipes filled with antifreeze or water. The option is perfect for heating the room at 40 m2, but you should consider features and costs (you need to purchase a pressure meter, the pump, to carry out water in the house, etc.).
Premises heating withfireplace. The fireplace perfectly gives heat in the process of burning firewood, but does not hold it. This option Suitable for rapid warming up room temperature, but it is constantly unprofitable to use it.
The usual oven rude or burzhuyka. This species The stove does not occupy a lot of space and is the most economical option for the dacket. The efficiency of this type of furnace is very high - this is caused by its structure and the presence of many moves.
You can decorate the furnace with the following materials:
Heat-resistant tile. This type of tile must be put on the cleaned and smooth surface using construction crosses for seams. Tile can be combined with various bas-relief cants and frescoes.The advantages of the tile are obvious: it is easy for it, as well as it retains a presentable look for a long time.
Paint enamel coating. The walls of the furnace are covered with white paint, which reacts well to temperature differences. On the main background you can apply drawings with paints, using stencils or paint the furnace with aerosols. But it should be noted that the enamel paint when heated will be sourced at first nasty smellWhich will pass with time.
Pokes or lime. Add salt to lime with water to give the stove white shine and radiance.Pokes and lime are natural antiseptics that have a positive effect on human health and do not distinguish harmful substances.
Consider the most common cases when the repair of the furnace is simply necessary:
The appearance of smoke carbon monoxide in the room. Sconce brick masonrycan be attributed tosmall repair . In order to "patch" the oven, use the fat red clay or specialshave which is sold in construction stores.Deceive It is necessary to the cooled furnace to give clay evenly dry.
The crack on one of the furnace walls. This situation can be corrected by smugging the entire design of the furnace.Furnace repair It should be started from the upper part of the design. After the top you disassembled, look at the base: if it has not cracked and has a smooth structure, does not hurt, without drops, then you can leave it. For temporary use, secure the furnace with a metal belt-clamp and close the slot with a solution. Just remember that such a belt cannot be adjusted close, since when heated, the metal can burst.
Do not go. The case is rare and justified by curvature or appearancecracked In the chimney pipe. The pipe must be shifted slightly under the slope. In case you have 2 stoves have one pipe for the withdrawal of soot, then you need to do "bridge".
Note: Good traction ensures the competent construction of the furnace, as well as compliance with all the rules during construction.
It goes out the fire in a new stove. This phenomenon suggests thatbake poorly sucked. It is necessary to open all the sash and air it. Then the gradual calcination of the furnace should begin, increasing the temperature and amount of firewood.
Brick crashed inside the furnace. This suggests that brick infloor chamber It was unevenly warmed or there was a sharp temperature difference. Correct the situationshooting Square with a solution of clay, and then drying well.
The door was broken or another metal item. As a rule, metal parts are "fit" with pins in the design of the furnace, even at the construction stage and get them with the smallest losses are almost impossible. Replace door It is possible only by a complete stitch pars (use the respirator to protect yourself from dust in the respiratory tract).
To the cost of repairing the furnace, the following items can be attributed:
disassembly of an old furnace;
purchase of new bricks, metal parts (if it is impossible to use old);
acquisition of all accompanying tools (construction level, roulette, a small hammer, a trunks for laying a solution, trough for a kneading solution);
delivery and unloading of building materials.
Reproduce old The furnace with your own hands is much cheaper than to build a new one, because you will save the wizard.
It's important to know: it is necessaryargee take care of good lighting. Use desktop lamp or searchlight, as well as extension. You will have to change the location and move a lot. It is best if the light passes a little at an angle - so you will see all the irregularities along the base of the masonry.
Any furnace can be redone and make it more functional - it all depends on your wishes.
The ideal option It is considered a small oven-babe with a cooking panel and combinationheating Systems with a laying, as well as possible.
Wood furnace can be done like inprivate wooden The house and in the bath. Sometimes for heating baths usemuffle Compact oven for warming up small premises. It does not have a special decorative look, but the walls are perfectly held in the temperature for a long time.
Should be taken into account: Pstudy how to choose bricks, be sure to make sure the quality certificates from the seller. Carefully inspect the product for defects: smooth edges, uniform texture, no lumps and a crook, bellion when tapping - all this indicates the excellent quality of raw materials from which he is made.
Watch a video in which an experienced master It shares its own experience in repairing a brick furnace:
However, professional liveshists hire quite problematic, and therefore thinking about repair is quite often.
Street oven is under adverse conditions, since it is usually exploited seasonally, after which it stands for a long time, undergoing atmospheric effects and sharp temperature differences. In addition, the street oven does not always flood even in its presence on the site, since it is not always appropriate for cooking only for cooking.
As a result, the brick rehearse, and heated after a long break begins to crack, like a masonry solution. There are gaps, from where the smoke comes from. Doors are not tightly closed. There is a need for quick and inexpensive repair.
Also there are problems with the burden: the chimney can be clogged with soot (especially when using wood of coniferous rocks) or wall can collapse. Repair will help here. But if the chimney has constructive drawbacks, it will have to shift his entire design, so it's better to do everything carefully immediately to get rid of yourself from serious problems in the future.
Any construction after a while has to be repaired. Especially brick oven or fireplace that are subject to serious stress. In addition, some constructive elements Different expansion coefficients. Around metal doors, valves, stoves are destroyed by the seams. Through the formed slots penetrate the air into the stove, which worsens the thrust, and the outside goes smoke, the surface smokes, disturbing the aesthetics of the furnace. To avoid frequent repairs, such trouble can be foreseen at the construction stage: for example, around the door frames to lay a ceramic thermal insulating sealing cord (asbestos are better not to be used, since they distinguish harmful substances when heated), which compensates thermal fluctuations in metal size. The same applies to the hob. In the clay-chammed solution, which is used between frames and bricks, add heat-resistant glue, so that the solution is plastic, durable and withstand high temperatures.
Minor repairs are performed quite real: to strengthen the doors and other devices, close the slit, replace the premises leaf, etc. First, you need to make sure that the faults really take place - perhaps it will only be enough to clean the chimney channels.
First of all, practical skills and intelligence will be required for repair. Some brick, ordinary red or refractory, korchable, trunk, plumb, level, roulette, bucket.
Long operation of the furnace or fireplace or poor-quality stacking of seams in chimneys can lead to the formation of dumps (a kind of garbage plugs). They are also very likely when using poor-quality bricks during construction. To determine the presence of such a problem, it is enough to protrude the furnace and much immediately becomes clear - the smoke simply will not leave, that is, the thrust is missing.
Just for such cases in the stove, there should be special doors or to form a hole from the masonry to remove certain bricks in advance (after having previously considered the plaster or removing the facing). Through this hole gain access to the inner pass. Its walls are cleaned from soot using the heroic, broom and scoop. Immediately check the thrust - brings the litter to the hole, the smoke from which should be drawn into the chimney.
It is possible to clean the chimney from above, for example, with a canopy or roof. To do this, use a long stick with a wound cloth at the end or a girome on the rope. The thrust can weaken not only because of the soot, but for the reason of the overwhelming inside the brick. The debris is also pushed. Then the whole garbage that fell into the furnace is chosen and thrown out.
It should be noted that even a thin layer of soot can noticeably reduce the functionality of the furnace, but to eliminate it, which have seen among the small rough groves of brickwork, is very difficult. Therefore, when analyzing some place in a pipe, for example, to replace the brick, it is worth using the situation and manually through the hole to clear the inner walls from the extruded residues of the solution and to seek some kind of a suitable tool with a wet rag, which counts soot. By the way, the chimneys and the pipe should not be lubricated by the clay solution, as it will clog the furnace, crepting from high temperatures.
With intensive use of the street oven, cleaning is made every 3 months, and better with an interval of 2 months. Each owner must evaluate the need for cleaning, based on the specific frequency of use.
When forming on the door of frozen soot, it is eliminated by the sandpaper.
It has already been said above that cleaning the chimney from the soot helps the furnace with aspen firewood. From the high temperature of the soot just burns out. Therefore, days for 7-8 to the cleansing procedure, the furnace is molded to burst into the soot - so it will be easier to consider it.
This repair begins with a careful inspection of the furnace to identify any defects or disorders in the design, which negatively affect its operation. Thus, the front of work is determined.
Repair can be the current (small damage that do not require serious efforts to eliminate them), medium and capital (the longest and complex, often associated with some extreme situations - leaving the furnace unattended and use for a very long time, initially incorrect masonry and t. n.).
The first type includes works that can be performed quite quickly and without special skills. But it is necessary to make them, otherwise the ovens will be needed soon, and even overhaul, it is also likely to increase the risk of fires or accidents with people. Such works are the sealing of cracks, replacing doors, tremors, valves, bricks, strengthening of tiles.
Doors in the furnace are the first repair candidates, since they are constantly open and closed, relaxing the masonry around. Frames of doors - one of the weakest links in the design. As a rule, there are rather large slots around the door, especially top, and the frame with the door is increasingly loosened.
If you need to remove the frame, then without parsing the part of the furnace cannot do, because when installing the door frame started in the masonry using metal strips. However, in many cases it is not necessary to produce such dismantling - it suffices to enhance the framework. For this, the slot around it is cleaned, the surfaces are wrapped with water and are treated with a rigid brush, which eliminate the remains of clay and soot, then cover with primer. A sealing insulating cord is inserted around the perimeter (asbestos usually use, although it has a significant drawback - at elevated temperatures there may be harmful substances). Therefore, it is better suitable, for example, a ceramic cord or mineral basalt wool.
Then the gap is lubricated with mortar. And not the same as during construction, but on the basis of chammed clay. The solution should add heat-resistant glue and portland cement: clay, fine sand, cement (3: 10: 1) plus a bit of thermoclause. Consistency of the final substance sour creamy thick. In order not to stain the door itself and the surrounding bricks, they are stuck with painting scotch.
Before drowning the oven, you need to wait a day. At first, a lot of firewood should not be put.
It may happen that as a result of long-term use (5-6 years), from under the plane, it became smaller from the edges. There is nothing very terrible in this, but it needs to be corrected. Make it yourself is much cheaper than inviting the masters.
Works are made with a warm oven, so it is heated. Then remove old stove And they perform a thorough inspection of the whole structure, not just places in the area of \u200b\u200bthe plate.
This picture is very likely: the seams were cut out, in them and in the grooves of planting plates of soot and ash. Consequently, South, ashes, the remains of the former solution are cleaned, washed well, the seams are applied from glue, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1, stacked around the perimeter of the cooking plate Ceramic heat-resistant insulating cord, felt or basalt Watu. (on heat-resistant glue, which dripped around the plate through some gaps). Then we are labeled with a solution of fine-grained sand, sifted clay, 10% cement and 10% heat-resistant glue. There should be no voids in the seams. Next rubs the seams so that they are not strongly distinguished against the backdrop of others, or without glue laid on the seams of the border from the ceramic tile.
When buying a ceramic heat-resistant cord, you need to show vigilance and try to light it right in the store. If it is lit, then the fake can be exchanged, and if they refuse, the benefit from the check is still there, because such a cord can not be used in the furnace. A day later, the control furnace is performed - there should be no leakage of smoke.
Repair of lost its operational qualities of a grate grid is elementary. To do this, it is cleaned, cleans the grooves from ash and put a new grid. If the old grille was installed with some inclination, then the new one is mounted. At the same time, around the perimeter between adjacent masonry bricks and a grate with a grate with a width of 5 mm and more to fall asleep sand, ash or put a ceramic insulating cord.
Such a cord withstands heating to a temperature greater than 1000 ° C. It is placed in the groove between grille and masonry and fixate heat-resistant glue.
The most common defect in the furnaces and fireplaces is slit. They are formed in the furnace throughout its term of use. It is almost impossible to avoid them, because this process has natural reasons. And the street construction, among other things, is exposed to atmospheric precipitation, wind.
Cracks may appear in any design, but this defect is quite possible to fix on their own. Many have probably seen how the shell cracks are formed on the surface of the furnaces and fireplaces. They are no serious and only adversely affect appearance Designs. Cuts arise due to improper composition for plastering, if such took place. In this case, the furnace surface is fed up wet in a liquid clay mortar of gauze, it is waited for its drying and apply plaster. Most often it is enough to prevent cracks.
The wind affects the functioning of the oven. If its movement is horizontal, then in front of the pipe, it swears up, in connection with which the zone of sparse air and flue gases are formed about the outlet, "sucking", increasing the traction. Air flows, directed from top to bottom, blend gases into the pipe and thrust weakens. To avoid this, the pipes are sticking or put metal caps for wind deviation.
Also, fine cracks and larger cracks usually appear due to uneven heating of masonry and evaporation of moisture to the surface. Such defects complicate operation and increase the risk to people. More often cracks are formed in the seams. Most available way Corrections are to smell the crack with a new solution.
And here you need to think about how to do it and what composition to give preference. Naturally, it should be refractory, easy to apply to the surface and have a great clutch to stick in the crack.
The most obvious, tested time is the clay, which advocates the basis for it. The classic solution consists of 1 piece of clay and 1 part of river sand. The resulting mixture is perfectly mixed so that not a single lump is left. It is better to even skip the solution through a sieve with large cells. To check the consistency, you need to cut the ball and throw it on the floor. If cracks appeared on the ball, clay should be added to the solution.
For climbing cracks and cracks, a container for a solution, a bucket for throwing the composition on the walls, trustees, which perform point applying and layer formation, grater for sprinkling.
Clean the surface and the chisel process the seats of cracks. At the same time, it is necessary to beat all the place entirely, and not around one crack. And do it is necessary until the brick. Otherwise, the crack is later formed again.
The brick surface is cleaned with a metal brush.
The surface is abundantly wetting the primer mixed on cement with the addition of water. Take a brush and apply a liquid solution to the purified place.
Since the cracks were broken, then the barbed surfaces need to be placed re-on. To do this, they are first ground and allow to dry. Prepare the composition for shuttering. As a rule, this is a divorced clay with sand adding. The methods for determining the correctness of the solution was mentioned above.
When the correct proportions of the solution are determined, it is mixed in those volumes that will be needed to correct defects. After that, embark on the places that were previously predicted. If they managed to dry, then they are wetted again, since the plaster should be applied to the wet surfaces.
Then the solution is smoothed over the surface with a wooden grater. During the operation, the tool is slightly pressed.
Wait until the solution will dry a bit.
With the help of triangular celma, distressed cracks and cracks close up. At the corners you will need a limiter, for example, a wooden plank.
Welcome surfaces and again rubbing them with a wooden grater, performing circular movements with some pressure on the tool. Leave a little to dry.
With the help of Kelma, the final layer of the clay solution is applied, producing a movement hand from the bottom up.
After driving this layer with a wooden grater, moistened in water, drag the surface with circular motions until all the holes and bulges disappear.
Of course, clay solutions are the cheapest and affordable, so most often used in the construction of furnaces and fireplaces and repairs. The dried clay is satisfied plastic and is less susceptible to the formation of cracks. But various additives, such as cement or lime, increase the risk of their appearance, which is especially concerned with structures with a sharp temperature drop. It is recommended to add a cook salt into the solution, which increases its fortress.
Clay must be used pure, reddish color, and sand splashes must be at a minimum. A good clay is difficult to find, so it is worthwhile to harvest it in advance, remembering that it would come in handy not only for construction, but also for repair.
There are various mixtures on sale. For example, a chamotteer, realizable in 5 kg packages, has been very well established. Stir it with water to thick creamy consistency in accordance with the instructions. It follows so much solution as it is necessary at this particular point, but no more, since the protrusion is quickly hardening.
Cracks and gaps are cleaned of dust and abundantly moisturize. Then, with a spatula, the solution is captured and problem areas are missed. Smoothing composition on the surface can be brushed with a wide working part. It is only necessary to moisten it in water.
After filling out all the cracks, oven oven and wait. In parallel with its heating, heats up and solid. Subsequently, small cracks may appear in it, but they are also smelted by the measureer.
For a stove or fireplace for a long time and successfully serve, they need a constant timely care. Small cracks smear, without waiting when they turn into a slit, squeeze the crepe plaster. Small problems solve easier and faster, but left unattended they will become big and will require much more serious labor and financial costs.
In the process of small repair, it should be carefully taken to a variety of furnaces such as embedded metal elements (doors, cooking plates, valve, etc.).
If the brick cracked, it is chopped off, loosened and pulled out, cleare of its nest from the residue of the solution, find a suitable or cut off, smooth the new brick to the required size and try instead of the previous one. And the nest, and the brick itself is moisturized well, then apply a clay solution on a brick and insert into place. If there are emptiness in the seam, a solution is added, with a moderate force are pressed and rubbed, achieving a smooth surface.
If necessary, repair the furnace and the lowest channels of the chimney take the highest quality brick for high-temperature places, and the remaining remains in zones with temperature.
As a result, the channels must be smooth that gases move without interference. Accordingly, the condensate is formed less and evaporate it will be more active.
During the repair associated with the replacement of bricks, they often have to prick. Sliding side cannot be put inside. And to rush these parties, handle the file or coarse sandpaper in any case - the treated bricks will last longer.
All sharp corners are shy and splash, because they are an obstacle to the free movement of gases.
Standard repair scheme. First take out old brick, Clean the surfaces from the residue of the solution using the metal brush, the clay solution is applied, placed a new treated brick.
If there are small cracks on the furnaces, small cracks are sealed with alabaster and chalk. Those elements of the finishes that were strongly cramped due to heating or mechanical damage are replaced with new ones. The old element is cleaned, its place is carefully cleaned up to the brick and moisturize, then under this place you caress the new in advance in color and the shape of the tie, poured his rumb (frame on the back of the side) with a thick clay solution mixed with brick crumbs, and installed in place. Of course, the facing frame loses its strength, since new elements are not fixed in the wire masonry. If the ceramic tile, then the course of work is identical, but the solution is used cement-sandy.
Also, cracks in the tile can be molding with a gypsum solution, to which aluminum-potassium alum (white powder dissolving in water), or chalk, mixed on the cheese egg protein.
Periodically simply purify the surface of the facing. The wet cloth wipe surfaces, make a gypsum dough, spreading the gypsum to a sour cream-like consistency, and cover them with a thin layer. The tool can perform own hands. After a short period of time, the gypsum will begin to push. Then the tile is completely wiped with a dry cloth. Along with the plaster, all dirt is removed, and cracks and seams become white.
Sometimes on fire-fighting sheet metal sheets attached on the floor before the furnace furnace, ribbon places are formed, causing certain inconvenience during cleaning. In addition, they increase the risk of fire, if the furnace is in a gazebo or a similar structure, where there is a wooden floor.
In this situation, it is not necessary to wait for the sheet completely to twist, and you should tear it off and remove nails out of the floor. Then it is necessary to put asbestos or felt sheet in its place, moistened in the clay solution. After that, on top to lay a new sheet of roofing steel and attach it to nails.
Fire cutting (as a rule, it is metal sheets on the walls near the stove, although there is a narrow brick strip).
In principle, the repair of these elements is similar to the foremost sheets. Usually cutting fails due to precipitation of structures, various mechanical concussions. The reason may be in initially low-quality materials or installation. The thickness of the cutting is determined by the sizes of the furnace.
There are no special subtleties in this work, but some skill need. Repair is performed through the door. Small defects are cleaned and close up with refractory solution, if it is necessary to replace the lining bricks (inner furnaces of the furnace), then they are taken out, clean the nests and install predetermined new refractory bricks on the same solution, which was used in the construction of the fifuel.
If the damage is too large and the door is inconvenient through the hole, you will have to disassemble the facial part of the structure from the base or pondered to the entire height of the furnace. Then take the lining bricks, clean their places, set new refractory bricks on the refractory solution. Tinging these bricks with ordinary is not recommended. The thickness of the lining does not change - the brick on the edge, in very massive structures of the brick can be laid plastle. The thickness of the seams does not exceed 3 mm.
Due to the constant shirkanya on the surface of the submission (lower part of the furnace) dishes, it smooth surface Gradually flies, and bricks overlapping (top of the furnace) do not always withstand a high temperature, covering cracks and destroying. Therefore, repair is required.
This work is simple and pretty fast. First, sort the affordable bricks and choose the most suitable - the best will need, because we are talking about the heart of the furnace, which is the fuel. Old bricks are cleaned, it will not smash the juicy base if there is such (the race is insulated from the base to avoid light loss) to give it the desired slope to the rear wall. The base should rise a little. Further, starting from the sixth (flat platform in front of the subhold, to which the dishes are put) and moving to the rear wall, lay a new under. At the end of work under grinding brick with sand for smoothing irregularities. Gashes between bricks are filled with fine grained sand and ash.
Repair of the blockers implies dismantling of old bricks and posting new ones for the constructive identity of the former and new masonry.
There is a rather aggressive impact of not only high temperature, but also precipitation, wind. It is not surprising that after some time she begins to collapse and threaten the fire (of course metal pipes Much more durable than brick, and usually can not be repaired). Brick pipes Repair with high-quality bricks, disassembled the problem space, clearing the residual residues. Moicing the new brick and the nest under it with water, perform a new masonry with cement or mixed solution, not forgetting to carefully tie the seams. Cement At the very top of the pipes can be mounted from the inside to the outside to facilitate the movement of gases. In addition, the pipe is recommended to install a protective metal cap. It is important to protect the pipe from the moisture from entering it, because due to the wetting of the furnace, the thrust deteriorates from the inside.
To eliminate the risk of condensation, sometimes you have to reduce the number of revolutions in the chimney or carry out access by creating a 5x5 cm. As a rule, it is usually done in the last two chimneys, but it may be more profitable to remove a couple of them. To do this, you will need to disassemble the wall from below and at the top and then assemble in the same order. In any case, it is very responsible for the restoration of disassembled walls.
Sometimes for optimization purposes, it may be necessary to rebuild the furnace with a solid tube on the furnace with a confusion and a grate grid. Manipulations with a flue door are not required if the base is removed from the submission of at least 5 rows of bricks, otherwise the door will have to raise. This is done according to the fact that the height of the wood firebox is at least 50-55 cm, and the coal - from 40-45 cm and above. In the latter case, the confusion and coarse doors should be very tightly closed, and they still do the holes with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm to exit gases. The size of the grate grid in the stove, in which anthracite is used, does not differ from the grille in the wood furnace, but the profile is more massive. Works are performed so. Remove the door by dismantling the front wall of the structure and under, remove the garbage and begin to lay a new configuration with a configuration, a configuration door, a grain grid and with the transfer of a coil door, if necessary, after which the wall is closed with a thorough dressing of the seams.
It is completely overhaul - this is when you need to remake one stove in two or in the oven-fireplace. For this, of course, the initial design should be large. The implementation of this idea sounds simply, however, it will require full-fledged skills. First, it is a plan on paper, then disassembles some wall, determines the necessary dimensions and mentally divides the inner space of the furnace into two independent areas with fireboxes and smoke systems that are integrated somewhere at the top so that the smoke goes into the atmosphere through one pipe. However, if you can not do this, then you can make two separate pipes.
The height of the pipe is increased by increasing the brick masonry or the introduction of a ceramic, asbestos-cement or concrete cylinder of the desired length and diameter into it.
It is recommended to check the foundation of the structure more often. The fact is that 15x above from the level of the Earth or the floor is waterproofing from 2-3 layers of rubberoid or other similar material. And already on it is built the base of the furnace from a pair of rows of bricks. Guck is, this is the most reason can be raw due to poorly arranged waterproofing. In this case, you will have to disassemble the furnace and arrange an additional layer of waterproofing or to terms with a defect.
After completing the repair, the furnace must be dried. Moreover, it is important to do everything right because the quality of the new masonry depends on it. It is recommended to dry in a natural way for 2-3 days with all open furnaces. Nowhere in the design should remain wet spots.
After that, the furnace is weakly mad and close all the valves and doors. The lack of moisture on them says that the oven still raw and drying should last a couple of days. This can be done both naturally but, and artificially, little by the touching oven. But with overhaul, the second way is not recommended.
One of the features of brick stoves is the appearance of cracks during operation. This may be caused by objective reasons, and maybe the disadvantages of the furnace or errors in the masonry. In any case, they are desirable to close. Especially those that are close to wooden parts. This is mainly the current repair of brick stoves.
Quite often in brick furnaces there are cracks in the seams. Most often, they appear in the field of joint with casting: Miscellaneous temperature expansion is affected. Cracks may occur and due to local overheating, as well as due to errors when laying. If the solution does not fall out, there is no particular reasons for concern, but it is necessary to close the cracks in the oven.
Repair of small cracks - up to 5 mm - can be done using any of (clay + sand; clay + sand + a little cement). Prepared compositions, divorced on the manufacturer's recommendations. If you know, what kind of solution put the furnace, it is better to use the same if not - any will fit. It will only be visible the difference in color.
To lure the deeper slots in the masonry of the furnace is better for a solution with the addition of the crushed chamot and the alumina cement. If there is no such cement, you can use Portland cement, but you will need a thin pumping additive for masonry furnaces. The presence of a grinded chamot reinforces the solution, preventing the appearance of cracks again.
How nevertheless to livel the gap in the oven layer? The order of work is:
Actually, all. We wait for the drying of the solution, then you can protest oven again, but not on a complete bookmark, but about half. Then you can also fuse as usual.
Wider cracks and the solution is poured .... In addition to the lubing of slots in a brick furnace with a solution, it is possible to lay them with an intertwined asbestos cord, and on top to melting everything with a solution. Just during the work, be careful: asbestos in dust-like state is harmful. Better work in a mask.
If the firebox is made of red, and not chamotte brick, sooner or later the brick begins to crumble. It falls off sometimes quite large plates. Something to smell it or reinforced - no sense. From temperatures, everything will fall apart.
To stop the destruction of the brick in the furnace of the brick furnace, you can only reduce the effects of temperatures. To do this, it is necessary to make an additional lining - to put barrier walls that the main thermal load will be taken over. That is, the furnace (entirely or only the collapsed walls) from the inside is trimmed / plated by some material. It may be:
With the last two materials, it is infrequent, but they can be used if the volume of the furnace is small and the shame does not want to be reduced. The only thing you want will come up with a fastening system, since in each case it is its own. And note that the plates need to be put either not close to the walls of the firebox but with a small gap.
Similar to the repair of the lining of the brick furnace makes it possible to avoid, or at least move for some time, more serious works that sometimes include a complete bulkhead of the furnace with the replacement of the collapsed elements, and sometimes with a change in the design.
Due to the large difference in the magnitude of the temperature expansions of the metal and bricks at their place of their joint, cracks are often formed. To avoid them during mounting in a brick, recesses are made, which allow metal when heated is expanding, without destroying the masonry (recesses in size larger the shelf of the casting by 3-5 mm). To mitigate exposure, casting is wrapped with thermal insulation material. Used to use asbestos cord or cardboard, now more often put sliced \u200b\u200bcardboard from mineral Wat. or a special sealing cord (asbest is harmful). When you choose a cardboard, pay attention, it must withstand the temperatures of 800 ° C and above.
If still cracks appeared, they are embedded as described above - with the help of a solution with the addition of chamot. But if damage is such that the door is staggering, like bricks above it, if the design allows the design, it is better to disassemble and rebuild, pull the fastener wire and re-wrapped the casting heat-insulating material.
Cracks around casting - around the door, near the plate - require repair
Another common problem of using brick furnaces, but no longer pure baths, and the heating and cooking - cracks in the cast iron plate. They are not afraid if the stove is done correctly, but if there are errors in the masonry or design, it can be seamless to smoke through a crack, and still - carbon monoxide, which is many times worse.
In principle, a well-melted plate from high-quality cast iron should not be cracked, that's just the trouble that such people are very rare. Nevertheless, trouble can help. At the first protostka, it is necessary to slowly heat the plate, not allowing local overheating, and in the same way slowly cool it. You can make it possible to decompose bricks on the surface of cast iron or pouring a good layer of sand. Clean the brick and sand after a complete cooling of the furnace and the stove. These materials are distributed heat, not allowing large temperature distortions, and therefore cracks. Also uniformly loaded cooking surface Sit smoothly, without distortion, which can also cause the appearance of voltage and cracks.
