The roof is a construction that serves as the end of the house in its upper part
Roof construction is one of the most important moments in the construction process. When the roof device is very important to follow the installation of the roofing technology, the violation of which can entail the trouble: heat loss, flow or even skew and destruction of the entire roofing frame. So that the roof coped with its protective functions, it must be built properly.
The roof is a mandatory element of any building. Regardless of the type of roof and the materials, of which it is made, this design should be durable and perform its main functions. The main purpose of each roof is to protect the building from any irregularity, and in the event of an attic floor - serve as high-quality hydro and heat insulator.
Designed in accordance with the estimated loads and architectural features of the building The roof structure will allow not only to decorate the construction, but also will provide him with reliable protection. The more carefully the roof device is thought out and the calculations of the parameters of the compound elements of its design are performed, the more practical it will be in the course of further operation.
Diagram of the device of the roof from metal tile Based on the size of the roofing system, they can be acute or flat. The latter are installed horizontally or with a slope not exceeding 3%. Scope roofs consist of intersecting with their peaks of inclined planes - skates.
The slope of such roofs are calculated on the basis of the applied roofing material. Thus, when the roof is coated with ceramic tiles, the slope is determined by the ratio of 1: 2, and if the sheets of metal tile - 1: 3 (L \u003d 16). Roofing with an angle of slope from 15% and more classified as steep, up to 15% - gentle.
Regardless of the features of the structure, on which the installation is planned, its design is mounted from the following main elements:
Roofing system design Mauerlat acts as a solid base of the roof design. This is the upper strapping from the beams made of wood or reinforced concrete. Brussia should be firmly fixed on the walls of the structure. The upper surface of the beams or wooden logs should be horizontal, as the rest of the design elements will be mounted in the future. To protect the wood of bars from the impact of moisture, they can be laid several layers of rubberoid.
The rafter system is the most important part of the roof design, which determines its form, as well as providing necessary defense and sustainability to the whole building. Often, the features of this roof element define its type and shape and allow you to create unique roofing systems. The rafters must withstand not only the impact of weather conditions, but also the total weight of the roof. Typically, the size of the bar for the frames of the rafter systems is 5x15 cm.
Important!
For a uniform distribution of the load, the strings are strengthened with additional supports: laid in parallel with rafting strings, vertical racks, inclined pins, and also located across the bar race and side runs.
The stability and strength of the roof depends on its supporting structure - rafter system For fastening the roofing material on the rafter, the crate of small planks or boards is placed. Wooden boards have apart from each other at a certain distance, depending on the type of roof material. If the roof of the roll type, the stack of laying the crate should be not more than 1 cm. Under the metal tile or polycarbonate sheets optimal is a step of about 60 cm.
For waterproofing, namely protection of the roof from the penetration of moisture outside, use a special film layer. It can be placed under the crate or on top of it, avoiding excessive tension and layer sagging. At the place of the joints of the film, the film is put in size 20 cm and firmly fasten with construction scotch.
Exists big choice thermal insulation materials For warming roofs. They can be stacked or sprayed between the beams rafters, not leaving gaps. The uneven distribution of the insulation may adversely affect the quality of the thermal insulation layer and lead to a decrease in its operational characteristics.
Important!
To prevent the accumulation in the roofing system of excessive moisture, a special gaps require sufficient ventilation.
The thermal insulation of the roof allows not only to make the house more comfortable, and the microclimate is healthy in it, but also to reduce energy costs for energy costs To protect against penetration into the roof of moisture from the inside of the construction, the insulation is covered by another layer of film. Special membrane films are arranged in such a way as to absorb water pairs without passing the roof inside. In the future, the absorbed moisture gradually evaporates.
The upper part and face of the roof is roofing material. For the roof covering, metal tile sheets, slate, professional flooring, roofing steel are used. Less often make roof from polycarbonate, ceramic tiles, glass.
Metal tile - very popular material for creating a reliable roof of any building In form exist the most a variety of options Roof. IN modern construction Basically, a device of pitched roofs is carried out. Horizontal structures cannot fully protect the structure from adverse weather conditions. A lot of snow is delayed on their surface, and the moisture rain can leak into the building.
Forms of pitched roofs Scope roofs vary by the number of oblique rods. The simplest and economical design of the roof with one slope. The frame of such a roof is mounted on the walls of the house with a specific slope, due to the fact that they have different heights. On the attic floor with such a roof it will not work out to equip the residential attic. Yes, and looks like a building with such a roof is rustic. Such roofs of polycarbonate are more often built on terraces, balconies, verandas.
Single Roof Design is extremely simplicity Diva (joint) roofs are widely used when erected wooden house In the suburbs or private building of small cities. Often it can also be on country buildings. 2 skates of such a roof are interconnected by a skate - located horizontally ribs. This type of roof is the most common and most practical. The space under such a roof, limited to the sides of the parts of the walls of the structure, can be used as a attic or attic. The original type of building can be given by mounting the skates that differ in each other with a width or angle of the slope.
Duscate roof - the most popular construction in private construction Very reliable and durable design made in the European style is a hip roof (Dutch). Its frame consists of 4 slopes: 2 triangular shapes located instead of the frontones, and 2 trapezoid skate. The device of such a roof is a rather complicated and time-consuming process, but the result justifies the applied efforts.
Tip!
Sometimes, in order to achieve an unused part of the front form in the form of a triangle, its lower part overlap the slope. In this part, a window is usually mounted.
Even more difficult in performance is the semi-raid view of the roofs. Such a roof has truncated triangular slots, located above the trapezoidal. In addition to additional attractiveness, it is characterized by high functional qualities. In addition, the semi-haul design allows you to arrange a fairly large window on the front.
Semi-War roofs - one of the most interesting options borrowed in the North European architecture Tent frame roof is also a variety of holm type. It is formed by three or more skates, with its vertices connecting at the top at one point. The peculiarity of this roof is the absence of a skate. Symmetric triangular rods create an impressive design in its appearance. This type of roofs are usually used in a polygonal or square-shaped houses.
For mounting in the structures of the polygonal form, a multi-tape frame roof is suitable. This type of roof is a rather complicated design and requires a carefully thought-out, exactly composed plan.
Multi-line roof will require colossal physical and financial costs, but will delight the creators of the architectural beauty of the building For the device of the residential attic on the attic floor, the roof of the broken type is installed. The foes of her rods have a significant angle of inclination, which ensure the formation of a large free space under the roof.
The lifric design of the roof allows you to increase the functionality of the building The roofs of the round shape in the form of a cone or domes are installed not all over the perimeter of the building. They cover such elements of structures as decorative turrets or rounded terraces.
Dome houses are a relatively new word in construction, quickly gaining popularity due to the use of alternative form The constructions of combined roofs can combine the most diverse types of frames.
Combined roof may include various elements Walm roofs. Multi-line design can be equipped with a large number of compact glass windows, small balconies, as well as verandas or polycarbonate terraces. Thus, they allow you to embody the most courageous and original design solutions. Their main disadvantage is complex installation and fairly expensive service.
Combined roofs - the most difficult structures Construction practices apply a wide variety of roofs of private houses. Basically, the emission of this or that type of roof depends on the wishes and financial capabilities of the owner of the house. Currently, the device is possible the device of the most unusual roofing systems: glass, metal, covers of polycarbonate, ceramic or metal tile.
By preferring to any type of roof, the owner of a private house determines the features of the future frame of the rafter system. It is also taken into account, also in which weather conditions will be a building, how the use of the attic room is planned. If a residential attic is assumed, the desired number of rooms in the area under the roof, as well as their purpose take into account.
Flat roof - Fashionable architectural way of roof construction for country housewhich has a number of advantages and functional features Different building materials are used to cover roofing structures: rigid and rush, piece and rolls, profiled and flat. Some are used for the roofing device of a small house, others - for a multi-storey urban building, third - for build-build buildings.
Sheet roof:
Professional sheet and metal tile appreciate, first of all, for their durability. Slate is more budget option. The folding coating in contrast to the metal tile is more often used when shelting industrial buildings.
Professional flooring is one of the best building finishing materials for the ratio of price and quality. Soft types of materials:
Pieces:
In the construction of country houses, covers from polycarbonate are often mounted. Thanks to its features, the roof is solid and easy. This material is characterized by durability and ease, misses daylight and is an alternative to glass coatings. The roof of polycarbonate is used in the construction of terraces, attic, veranda, greenhouses. Due to the presence of aircases, polycarbonate sheets are characterized by high sound insulation and excellently retain heat inside the room. In addition, the cost of polycarbonate is below glass coatings.
A gazebo with a roof of polycarbonate - a very successful option for installation in the country areas of any size Svet cornice protruding for the perimeter of the walls of the house is designed to protect against precipitation. Eaves of the eaves are masked by the line of connecting the inner surface of the roof slopes with walls of the house and make the facade of the building finished.
Outside of the eaves are equipped on the sides of the building and from its facade due to the regions of the inclined rods. Svet side cornice is usually 50 cm, frontal - about 1 m.
To ensure the safety of the operation of the front cornice, it is necessary to accommodately approach the choice of materials.
Important!
An important point when finishing the cornix is \u200b\u200bthe mandatory provision of sufficient ventilation regardless of the type of the selected design and the size of the cornice.
In total, the number of holes for ventilation should be within up to 1/400 of the area of \u200b\u200bthe internal space.
The roof cornice device provides an additional function of ventilating The roof frame system is an important bearing element of any building. Depending on the manufacturer's materials, roofing frames are divided into the following varieties:
With the construction of private houses, a predominantly frame bartal roofing of sawn timber is used.
Important!
Roof frame in the process of operation is exposed to large loads. To ensure the safety and reliable protection of the building, it must be as strong as possible and high-quality.
Building frame house with a naked multiple roof For the device, the roof of a multi-storey apartment house is more commonly used metal or concrete single-sided structures.
The choice of roof shape and varieties of the roof material is largely determined by the features of the architectural configuration of the structure, weather conditions, planned direction of water flow, as well as the individual preferences of the owner of the house. Regardless of the type of roof, if desired, it can be supplemented and replaced with old elements with new ones.
Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the Content-production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy Culture, specialty "cultureologist. Lecturer history and theory of culture. " Experience in copywriting: since 2010 currently. Editor: Since 2016.
Roof covering is a serious question that any developer faces. Given the variety of materials in today's construction market, it is easy to confuse when choosing. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to distinguish the types of roof roofs and navigate in their features.
Roofing for the roof - one of the types
Roofing material is a kind of roof protective sheath against atmospheric influences.
Modern roofing is reliable and durable, and can be made from the most different materials: from ordinary tree to trendy polymers.
The existing types of roof can be divided into 5 main types:
Film (membrane) roof It is used for the installation of public and industrial buildings with durable bases of concrete and small slopes. Plus such a roof - in the ease of installation. Film laying is possible even on the old roof coating.
Mastic roof Apply for a base without using rolled coatings. This material consists of viscous oligomeric substances, when solidifying a monolithic film is formed.
The assistant is ideal for working with bitumen, concrete and metal. In the advantages of a taper roof - resistance to corrosion, oxidation, low and high temperatures. Material light and elastic.
Sheet roof, in turn, is divided by type of material:
The main plus of sheet roofing materials in durability, variety of colors and shapes.
The rolled roof includes bitumen and bitumen-polymeric materials. They are mounted in two layers, moving on the base of concrete or metal, or glued with mastic.
Roll roof provides frost resistance, high temperatures and rotting.
It includes flat roofing materials:
Appearance of ceramic tiles - Roof photos with this type of roof
Ceramic tile - The most popular material. It can be operated for more than a hundred years, resistant to ultraviolet and perfectly absorbs noise.
Blood types are distinguished by material manufacturing, physical properties and intended purpose.
The most common way of waterproofing the roof today is a soft roof. It is durable, attractive and can be used for different types of buildings. As a basis for such a coating used fiberglass.
The soft roof is divided into several types:
Tile (bituminous tile). This material is very similar to genuine tile. However, it is flexible, which is why such a roof is easy to mount. Pluses of soft tiled roof:
PVC membranes. The membrane soft roof is sheets width in a meter-one and a half, stolen on the adhesive double-sided material. Pros of such a coating:
Rolls. Soft rolled roofing - This is a carpet from a variety of layers: rubberoid, tolya, pergamine and modern materials. Mounted gluing to the base with burners. Pluses of a rolled roof:
The basis of the metal roof usually make up leafy materials that can serve before a hundred years.
Flat sheets. Such a roof is performed from galvanized and non-scattered (black) steel. Pluses of the roof of flat metal sheets:
Professional professional - the most popular material for the roof in Russia
Profiled sheets. Most often it is a wavy sheet of galvanized steel and aluminum (aluminum slate). Pros of such a coating:
Metal tile. This roof is corrugated profiled sheets under natural tile. Among the advantages of this roof:
The roof of a flat type is focused from the layers of steam, heat and waterproofing, gravel and an outer layer - for example, paving slabs. This coating is installed on flat skates.
The base for a flat roof can serve as a tree, metal, concrete, insulation and other coatings.
Flat roofing can be:
In the photo - polymer-bituminous roof for roof of the building
This is a multi-layered, durable coating It has long been popular. Such a roof is divided into several types:
Polymer-bituminous. It includes polypropylene and styrene-butadiene styrene. Pluses include:
False. As part of such a roof - galvanized metal. Of the advantages:
Polymer. It is based on rubber and oil-polymer resins. Benefits:
Bituminous. It is made of oxidized bitumen.
Bituminous roof is suitable for roofs with a slope less than 250, subject to the mandatory dismantling every 6 years.
Flexible tile. This coating is flat sheet Based on glass cholester. Pros:
All kinds are used for pitf roars roofing: Metal sheets, professional flooring, almost all kinds of tiles.
Photography of the roof with cement-sand tile - the most durable tile of existing
The best roofing roofs are recognized:
Roofing materials used for flat roofs are distinguished by the reliability, ease of installation and care, non-hatching and other qualities. The components of such a roof depend on its type:
Non-exploited flat roof - appearance
From the video you will learn how to choose the most economical roof for the roof of a private house - real experience from the expert.
The construction market does not stand still. Constantly developing and including the assortment of ultra-modern materials, it offers the consumer different kinds Roofs for use on any buildings: from industrial high spirits to small country houses.
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Modern buildings are distinguished by a large variety of architectural solutions. If before almost all the buildings were the same type, now it is difficult among them to find two similar. The design of the roof can also be different. The question of which types of roofs are, are interested in all who decided to build a house. When choosing an embodiment of the roofing, it is worth paying attention not only to its attractiveness, but also on functionality.
All types of roof designs differ not only externally, but also by functional features. The ideal option does not exist: each type of roof design has advantages and disadvantages.
On the corner of the slope, all types of roof roofs are divided into the following two types: flat and scope.
Flat roof is the simplest, it relies on the walls of the same height and practically does not have a slope. Such roofs have an angle of inclination of 2.5-3%. The main disadvantage of flat roofs is that due to the small slope, the lead and rainwater is difficult to dispel, and as a result, it starts to leak. Snow from these roofs has to be removed on their own.
Flat roofs are almost not used for the construction of private households. They are more functional for household buildings and multi-storey houses. But they have one advantage that the remaining types of roof coverage cannot boast: you can arrange a flower bed at the top and even the pool is the main thing that the supporting structures can withstand this load.
For the construction of country houses and cottages, scope roofs usually use. The angle of inclination of such roofs is more than 10%. From scanty surfaces, melt and rainwater are easily removed, with a large angle of the slope, snow is not delayed.
According to its structural solution, the roofs are underacted and attic. The first option implies combination with the main premises, and the ceiling roof structures are overlapping. The attic roofs with the main premises are not connected, they can be insulated or cold.
By type of ventilation, Bescaneous roofs are divided into:
Also, the roofs can be operated or not operated.
Types of roof coating in geometric shape are the following.
Single roofs . Consist from a single plane. Their sling system relies on the outer walls of the building, which are located at different heights (more: ""). Due to this, a bias is formed. The roofs with one slope are simple in construction, do not require large financial costs. But mainly they are used in the construction of various business buildings. Types of roofing for the roof with one slope can be different: the choice of roofing materials is very wide. For single-sided roofs, you can use tile, slate, metal tile, metal profile, rubberoid, ondulin, etc. (more: ""). Rainwater and snow are not delayed on such a surface, in addition, precipitation flows in one direction, so the creation storm sewage facilitated. The main disadvantages of single-sided roofs are the lack of an attic room and a small selection of designer solutions.
Diple roofs . They are in demand when building private houses - their design consists of two slopes based on bearing walls Same height. Such a type of roof is also called forceps. (Read also: "") The gap between two slopes (tongs, frontones) has a triangle shape. As for the construction itself, it is more difficult than creating a single-table option, but it's easier than the other types of cottage roofs.
The bartal roof is reliable, well removes rain and melting water, snow can withstand strong wind loads. In addition, it looks much more interesting to a single-sided roof. For double designs, you can use different roofing.
Children's roofs - This is a type of duplex. But for the rods themselves, the roofs are characterized by broken lines. Another option is the name of such roofs - "broken", as the skates can be refracted under various angle. The presence of a break increases the area and the indoor room, which is subsequently used as a housing and is called an attic.
Therefore, such a variant of the roof device is called "attic". Her fronttones have the shape of a pentagon. For the design of such a roof, certain features are characterized, but it is possible to build it easily and quickly. You can think of quite a lot. They prefer to build much more often than other types of roofs of single-storey houses.
It is important thermal insulation, since the attic is embedded in the roof. Accordingly, the temperature in such a room will depend on the quality of thermal insulation. If it is made in all the rules, then in the attic you can live even in winter. Otherwise, the room under the roof will be used exclusively in the summer.
As for the height of the roof with an attic, it should not be less than 2.2 meters. Otherwise, an inconvenience will arise when moving on it.
For these roofs, a system of rafters with double tightening and beams is used. Their form contributes to the rapid and efficient relief of snow and water from the roof. The angles of inclination of the hip roars are 45 degrees. They are well withstanding and strong winds. Due to the large angle of inclination, the four-tie roof should be equipped with drainage. The construction of such a roof is better to trust the specialists, since it needs a complex rafter system. If you do not adhere to the accuracy of the parameters, the roof will not last long.
Types of roofing for the roof of this type can be different. Lightweight, and heavy roofing materials can be used. It should be borne in mind that the second materials for the roof serve longer, plus to this, have better thermal insulation. But at the same time, the use of such roofing products requires the creation of a reinforced rafter system. Most often, hollow roofs are built in the southern regions.
Semi-Walled Roof
. These are ordinary hospital roofs with triangular trunks. The house is based on the right polygon or square, so all four slides have a triangle type, and their vertices converge at one point. The roof in the form of a pyramid can decorate any building. Installation of this type of roof is also complicated as the installation of hip roofs. Their construction is also better to entrust specialists. See also: "
Also such roofs are used to create overlapping part of the building or even a whole building. Dome roofs create bent elements of the frame. These types of roofing materials for the roof are used as soft (rubberoid, glass jetty) and flexible (galvanized steel sheets, plastic tile).
Currently you can see on private houses and cottages the most various options Coatings. Types of roofs for the roof are distinguished by a large variety. Each person can choose for his home the appropriate roofing option and the type of roofing material. Any way to create a roof has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a type of roof and roofing material, not only external beauty, but also functional differences. Continued: "".
Installation of the roof is the final stage of construction. There are about a dozen major and more than a hundred other subtypes of the roofs. The home configuration often limits the owner in choosing. However, if there is an opportunity, it is worth paying attention to the question of the visual design of the roof. An unusual roof can decorate a country house, cottage or cottage. In order to draw up a project of the supporting structure, it is necessary to attach professionals in the field of construction and design, as well as experienced workers who can cope with the task of any complexity. All decisions should be rational. It is necessary to meet the budget, take into account climatic features, think about the role of the attic room, take care of reliability and appearance. For the roof, such characteristics as tightness, strength, stability and functionality are important.
Before making a choice among the variety of materials and the forms of execution, it is worth familiar with the nuances of the roofs of the roofs and their functional features. Among the main criteria forming the classification of roofs are the type and general drawing of the structure, bias, finishing materials. The roof is a thoughtful and unbelky, flat and scope. Flat roofs are not distinguished by variety, but the second type is divided into a variety of subtypes, such as conical, dome, tent, attic, multi-type, hollow, duct and single. The purpose, advantages and disadvantages of each of them must be learned in detail. First of all, take into account durability, cost and performance features. In the world, a large number of houses with beautiful design roofs are built annually, so in the design process it is necessary to use fantasy.
When developing a roof circuit for a complex geometry, it is necessary to select main and adjacent parts of the roof.
The roof of a private house with one tilt looks very simple. This type of construction is rarely used, but it can be seen on simple duty houses. The disadvantage of this layout is the one-sided type of drainage - it accounts for much greater load on it than on bilateral or other types. The appearance of the roof with one-sided tilt is not the most presentable. This design can be considered an optimal solution with the arrangement of various attacks of small sizes. So separate garages and guest houses. Those who wish to mount such a roof it is worth thinking about the low tide system. The main criterion is its throughput. With snow masses, such a design copes very well. A single roof is appropriate with a cold climate, as well as in those regions where there is no large amount of precipitation.
This type of roof may have:
The design of the bartal roof consists of beams and roofing material attached to the crate. The rafting system is usually performed from the bars connected by metal parts. The upper part of the roof forms a horse. It is located exactly in the middle or closer to some edge. One of the subspecies of the row roof is a multi-chamber (angles of inclination from two sides are unequal). The design of such a roof looks originally, but the design has a significant minus - the space of the attic is used irrational. The broken roof does not only eliminate such a problem, but also built specifically under the attic room. Skate bends create an additional volume for the attic. Aesthetics is another advantage of a broken forcep roof. Symmetric design repeats the shape of an equally chaled triangle.
This type of roof does not apply to a bounce directly, as it can also be a console or broken. The main feature is the division of the skate on the common (upper) and the steep part (located below). An ordinary duplex roofing roof has rectangular lying parallel rafyroids. The steep part of the inclination is perfectly coping with the load in the form of snow. A roof may also relate to broken. The characteristic feature of the latter is a presentable appearance. The bends are made outside or inside. They are often combined: the roof of an unusual form with many internal and outer fades is obtained. The cantilever attic roof combines the features of the duplex and broken. Its parts can perform for the walls of the building for several meters, create a lot of space inside. There are also mixed mansard structures. This type includes the characteristics of the three previous and additional features.
Another common blood variety. Walm roof Complies of four slopes. Fantasy (they are called Valmami) have a triangular view. They occupy space from the end of the skate to the cornice. The other two skates have a trapezoid form. Practicality is provided by a feature of the structure. First of all, it concerns the discharge of precipitation. But the technology of execution is much more complicated. For its construction, a team of experienced builders will be required. One of the minuses is that at the level of the attic will not be a frontal, and to improve the illumination it will be necessary to do more auditory windows. This will add difficulties in the design process, including in the calculation of the step of the rafter system. Despite the fact that such a design is perfectly coping with rains, it is often used in dry tropical areas.
Walm roofing is useful if you need to separate:
The roof of this species includes the features of the classic duplex and holm. There are no sharp corners in the design, and one of its main functions is protection against strong winds. In the regions with snowy winter, such roofs are made with small cans and coolest slopes. If at the location of the house of heavy snowfall does not happen, then the canopies should be large, and the skates are relatively gentle. A typical four-tight semi-haired roof has a cut out of the end skat. Free place Close up by the window (including solid) or wall. However, the half-walled roof can combine the elements of the barter. Surface elements in this case are still four. Unlike the previous version, the side skates are deprived of the lower part, and the frontal - have a view that remotely resembles a trapezium, but with six angles. With such a design, the attic of a larger volume.
This is a four-piece roof consisting of identical triangular sections. They should be equally chagrin. Skates are connected exactly in the center. Due to strict geometry, such a coating is not suitable for all homes. The name comes from the word "tent" - mobile dwelling rectangular shape. The tent roof is also called pyramidal. It can be installed at home with the basis in the form of a square or the right quadrilateral (not in all cases). Swees such a roof are at one height. Despite the simple appearance, the installation of this type of roof is complex in technical terms. The advantages of the tent roof are its property to quickly warm up and resistance to strong winds. The main disadvantage is the presence of many compounds in stropile designWhat makes the construction process more complicated and long.
Other disasters:
It is characterized by a large variability of execution, based on the quantity, form, location and size of the frontones (tongs). Its shoulder corners require a very attentive, neat and accurate finish. There are a large number of funds in the fields of connecting the rods on the multi-line roof. It is erected at facilities with a complex layout, unusual architectural forms, bunk adhesive compartments and attic. Shadowing and melt water will go on it. There, it is usually climbed by snow, so they should be made durable and most sealed. An increase in the bearing capacity can turn undertas from the most vulnerable elements of roofing in the most functional. One of the main advantages of multiple roofs is the balance of the rafter system. The main problem is the complexity of its installation.
So called roofing round, hemispherical or cylindrical form. The arch is usually done from stone or brick. Special systems will be required, because in the finishing of the curvilinear arch of the standard will be unsuitable. The material of the supporting structures use both curved metal forms and rounded wooden frames From glued timber. This will require registration of a special order. Strength should be the main quality of cylindrical beams. Sometimes the lattice farms with a complex pattern are used. This will affect the final price. Design and installation cost much more than for roofs with rectilinear forms. For this reason, the cylindrical roof has not received widespread use. For finishing buy rolled materials from polymeric bitumen, folded metal coating; In some cases, a flexible tile is suitable.
Despite the fact that the installation of the vaulted roof is much more expensive, the consumption of materials may be small.
The roof is performed from four diamond-shaped slopes, connected at one point in the center. Suitable for buildings square shape. Rhombid roof mounted on small cottages, country houses. If you wish, you can make a big high attic. Bubnoye roof can most often be seen on single-storey buildings. The most common subspecies of the bubnic roof is the roof of a referee. Its design consists of four triangular rods (Valm) in the upper half and the same amount of triangular rods adjacent to them down. This building will have four nippers. A special design of the BRUSEV in the form of an eight-marched dome is used as a rafter system. The classic diamond roof of the city of Speatikin provides for the presence of a central carrier pillar. However, it is possible to mount the roof without it.
For the subsequent placement of adorning elements (original auditory windows and chimneys, unusual frontones), the roofs with a large inclination are installed, almost vertical in some places. This configuration can be used to arrange a full-fledged floor with a variety of designer solutions. A small bias better protects from the wind, since the area of \u200b\u200bcontact will be more. However, this does not concern the roofs with a very small slope. Rainwater and snow with a low roof are slower, it can lead to leakage. A coating with a small bias requires a more careful care. There is no need to clean the skates with an inclination angle of 45 ° and above. The roof with a big slope (from 45 °) is considered "self-cleaning". Relatively flat roof - the most economical optionBut there will be little space in the attic. This problem can be solved by increasing the height of the walls of the last floor at the design stage.
The roof includes different elements. All types of roofs consist of slopes - surfaces that have a certain slope. These are somewhat independent component partswhich closely adjoin each other is less common. The skate is called the upper parallel horizon of the line, where several slopes are connected. The same name can have skating tiles and skate planks. On many roofs there is such an element like Endow. it internal corner At the place of the joint of two rocks. Endov is the main node in the roof device. Swees are two species. Carnival - is located on the side of the roof surface, serving the wall of the building; Fronton - part of the roof, hanging over a tongs (fronton) of the building. Both options may have a strict straightforward shape or run in the original manner. The basis for the construction of the roof is the rafting system - carrying construction from rafters, trenches, racks and crossbars.
Slingers are equipped in different ways. Single configuration provides for the presence of two rows of racks or walls as a support for rafting legs. One wall should be higher. The bartal design performs a carrier function on the roofs consisting of two rectangular scanty surfaces. In the overwhelming majority, the legs of such a system rest in two identical support walls of the house of the house. Walm are calculated on four pitched surfaces. The rafters create two trapezoids and as many triangular foundations. They rely on long and end walls, respectively. The tent rafter system is supported by the same walls. Broken (mansard) rafter structures are set in a similar way, as in the case of duscal systemsBut the rafter legs are placed in two tiers.
The rafter system may include such elements:
This design has a solid support under the lower and upper heels. Manufacturing and installation occurs in a similar way, as in the case of a single-bedroom roof. Weaming sleeve systems over boxes with an inner support wall. It is necessary as a carrier design for the skate run. Wall function can perform rows of columns or racks. In a simple urban design with a five-meter span, the tops of the rafter are based on the run. Liezhalan plays the role of support for the run itself. The strength of the design is provided by the pan. Systems with large spans are equipped with additional runs and fights. The latter ensure the stability of the design. The inclined system can use one of two types of support. With one of them, it is possible to turn two degrees of freedom. The second option provides for only one degree of freedom.
The design of this type has only lower support. The top pin each other. The frame elements are made in the form of a triangle, which is why the need for Mauerlat disappears. Its role performs a tightening (base). It is used in order to compensate for the root on the floor from the mass of the system, coating and snow that will be on it. Hanging configuration is applicable to small boxes without a carrier element under the ski run. If you need to separate a large span, the design is equipped with screeds, pins and grandmas. The use of two additional supports makes it possible to overlap the distance to 15 meters. The rainylines of the hanging system allow you to avoid horizontal loads. They create a tension that is not transferred to the walls of the building. The top of the rafter can be enshrined or laid on the run.
Flat roofs are covered with multilayer rolled materials, bitumen. If the bias is more than 5 °, then in the decoration you can use three-layer rolled materials that are not protected. Bituminous waterproofing With a coarse layer, it is recommended to apply if the slope is greater than 10 °. When inclined, more than 15 ° is placed with a wave form. Bitulin, ONDULIN, EUROSHIFER, asbocomate slate can be materials. The grooved clay tile is used with a bias of 20 °. Galvanized steel, copper, tile of metal, metal profile and sheet steel are placed at an inclination coal more than 30 °. Fold steel applies when a bias from 18 ° to 25 °, sometimes from 8 °. Shale and asbetic tiles, as well as a natural tiled coating, are appropriate if the roof is cool (from 50 °). When finishing the roofs inclined at an angle of 80 °, chips and shings are used (Schindel).
Mansards can differ significantly configuration. One of the fundamental features of the attic roof is the presence of bends outward, but there are also internal breaks. Loaven roof can be seen on the buildings of a small size. This is a complicated version of a duct roof with a decorative purpose. A single attic roof ideally should be inclined at an angle of 40 °. Skat make on the leeward side of the building. Mansards under a simple symmetric roof usually have a rather large "deaf" zone near the roof joints with walls. The recommended roof inclination angle is 45 °. A good solution is to create an attic floor with asymmetric skates. There will be able to accommodate high items. The main problem is the complexity of calculations when designing. Tent attic roofs need to do with a large inclination. In the center of the attic room there will be plenty of storage space for high bulky items.
In the regions where a hurricane wind is single roof It is better to be placed from the windward side, and the support structure is to strengthen the diagonal ligaments.
The choice of material for waterproofing depends on climatic conditions. Ruberoid is most often used. This is a very strong material. Its advantage is long service life. Recently, the use of waterproofing film has become popular to protect the layers of the roof from water with the possibility of its evaporation. Thermal insulation is carried out due to the internal decoration of the space between the legs of the rafter design. These are engaged before the final facing of the room. Fiberglass, glass or mineral wool are chosen as insulating material. Glasswater is produced in the form of plates and rolls. It is recommended to choose the plates. They are more durable, since less deformed, and their thermal insulation properties are approximately the same. In addition, foam sheets can be used to insulate the roof.
The parameters of insulating materials:
Over the past 15-20 years, flat roofs have become popular. This execution allows you to shift accents on the bulk of the building. Houses S. flat roof May have an unusual and geometrically complex form in the spirit of modern styles such as minimalism, biotek, high-tech and avant-garde. Scope roofing more diverse. Inclined roofs are appropriate in all sorts of designer projects of buildings. Single roofing Beautiful looks with transparent walls. Multi-line roof can be issued in unique french style Or in the manner of traditional Russian architecture. The color scheme is selected depending on the color of the building itself. Blood is made in a darker, so the choice of shades is often limited to dark, cold and mixed tones. The roof of the original shape is best looking in blue, bluish, black and gray colors.
The roof installation process begins with the design. At this stage, various parameters are calculated, all wishes are taken into account. Much depends on the frame design. Optimal accommodation and size option mansard windows Determined before its construction. After installing the rafter system, the main part of the work begins. The design will be applied to its configuration coating. The roof must be performed using persistent and durable materials. The main criteria for their choice are such indicators as the slope slope, windiness of the territory, the quantity and type of precipitation in the region. Over the past few decades, many high-quality functional materials for finishing have appeared. After completion of the external arrangement of the roof, it should be selected by the choice of insulation, hydro and vaporizolation.
