Filling the foundation under country house Or household objects - an extremely responsible event that can not always go through successfully. That is why the work of this type should be carried out by relying on the developed technology.
To perform the fill of the foundation with your own hands, it is necessary to thoroughly examine the technology of work.
Many owners country areas Prefer to charge this complex business to those skilled in the art, but in some cases work can be performed independently. It is important to know how to fill the foundation.
All construction work on the arrangement of the foundation of a country house or a country household building will correctly divide into several stages. This will allow not only to reduce the cost of holding construction, but also to build a house as high quality and fast.
Earthwork and markup of the site are the main stages of the foundation setting.
To the construction stages, thanks to which you can soon get new houseThese are the following activities:
The first four stages can be conditionally attributed to the preparatory, and directly consider one of the main stages of construction.
To prepare for manually, all necessary tools should have:
Also in stock should be building materials:
The sector marking is made using pegs and rope.
The markup of the site is made at the initial stage of construction (before pouring the foundation) and is based on the construction project adopted. For its implementation, special pegs and rope will be needed. Splies mark the dimensions of the future foundation, the location of the elements of its design, the width and thickness of the walls under construction.
When the markup is made, proceed to earthworks. It is at this stage that it is necessary to make a trench for formwork and foundation. The width of the trench must match the installed markup. By producing work, it is necessary to remember that the walls of the pit must be dug smoothly and strictly vertically. Vertical, if necessary, can be checked by level. Trench depth of about 20 cm should exceed the depth of soil freezing in this region.
Achieve a uniform shrinkage of the future foundation will allow a sandy pillow with a thickness of 10-20 cm. To create it, it is necessary to pour sand on the bottom of the trench and it is good to ram. The sand should be coated with any waterproofing material, as an ordinary polyethylene film can be used.
The next stage of such an event, like the fill of the foundation with your own hands, is to install the formwork. Nowadays, a wide popularity among builders received a collapsible formwork, manufactured from wooden shields. It is not only easy to do, installing quickly and smoothly, but, if necessary, you can make manually from sawn timber.
Formwork shields are supported by the backups to prevent the concrete and creating a monolithic frame.
When installing formwork shields, each of them should be written in advance pre-cooked backups, which will prevent the filling of concrete and create a monolithic frame. Upon the top of the shields it is necessary to stretch the jumper formwork. This will give the entire design additional stability. In addition, conducting work on the construction of formwork, you need to remember the height of the ground part of the foundation - the base. If you do everything correctly, its height should be exactly 30 cm or a little more.
The next step that needs to be performed by pouring the foundation. This action will give an additional strength to a belt foundation. In order to install the grid more smoothly and reliable, some of its sites can be attached to formwork panels with a soft wire.
When the preliminary stages of concreting are made, you can start laying concrete.
Regardless of which region we fill them, foundations country houses And buildings should be strong and reliable.
Achieve this will allow a qualitative and correctly performed process.
To carry out work on the pouring of concrete to all available tools, it is desirable to add a vibrator that can be rented at the time while the house is built. In the extreme case, you can use a strong piece of reinforcement. It is also necessary to prepare several rollers of rubberoid or polyethylene film.
For fill ribbon bath or home experts recommend using concrete mix With a brand not lower than M200. Optimal option The M400 solution is considered. If the suppliers are not allowed to purchase this mixture, it can be done by hand from euro-cement and fine sand mixed in fresh water in compliance with the established proportions. The required amount of concrete can be calculated according to a simple formula: the total length of the dug trench is prolonged with its width and depth.
The fill of the foundation should be done very carefully and carefully. The solution is necessary to fill all the free space, regularly using a deep vibrator to the tackle of the concrete mix. In the absence of such a rod from the reinforcement, which must be connected to the flooded mixture. Concrete rambling is a mandatory procedure that allows you to eliminate air bubbles from a mixture, and airfolded empties, creating a monolithic frame. The horizontal of the layers is checked by level.
The new concrete layer is laid only after the complete hardening of the previous one.
When conducting foundation works, the situation may have a situation when concreting will have to do within a few days. In this case, experts recommend filling the foundation in parts. That is, initially pour the first horizontal layer of concrete mixture throughout the formwork, then cover it with its rubberoid or film and leave overnight. The next day, concreting can be continued.
If the time interval between the laying of new concrete layers is more than a day, it is necessary to wait for the complete hardening of the previous layer of the mixture. Stop the mixture on the barely hardened layer is not recommended. This can lead to the destruction of the concrete "crust" formed on the surface of the old layer.
Another important momentIt must be observed by pouring the foundation - laid concrete several times a day must be watering with water. This operation must be made for uniform drying of the concrete mix. Especially watering water is necessary in the hot season, when the water required to set the solution is actively evaporated.
In the first three days it will correctly water the foundation every 4 hours, further 4 days 3 times.
Build a house on a new foundation can be started no earlier than 28 days after its creation.
In private housekeeping, several types of foundations are used, each of which has its own design features.
These species are the main and for each project, individual decisions may be applied based on the features of the building. For example, to enhance the structure, on top of the base foundation, it is equipped with a ribbon, made of monolithic concrete or precast blocks.
The markup begins with the study of topographic snapshots and concomitant documentation. This stage is still called zero, since the construction itself has not begun, but the work is already underway. Measurements are made here, the purpose of which is to create a contour for the base, as well as the demolition of green plantings and the preparation of the construction site.
The license of the main measurements will depend on the correctness of measurements. carrier structures and compliance with the project. When building small economic buildings, the type of garage is allowed to use analog measurement tools. In residential construction it is necessary to work with laser rangefinders.
The width of the future Take more several centimeters from the thickness of the enclosing structures based on it. It is necessarily taken into account on the thickness of the formwork for ribbon structures.
When pouring underground supports and the calculation of their quantity, it is required in the places of wall docking walls.
For the perimeter mark in external and inner corners Wooden pegs connected by split segments are installed. After the markup is completed, the control measurement is made.
This is the most labor cost of construction, nonethelessly requiring high accuracy. They can be performed:
The depth of the excavation must comply with the project documents. The first option is more expensive, but allows you to reduce time costs and relieve work. Apply when erecting large and medium buildings. For small business buildings, the use of machines is unprofitable, since the foundation here is usually fine-breeded type.
When pouring the supports to the depth of more than meter and the choice in favor of the column base is used mechanized drilling. Suit for plate foundation Performed by the machine method, since the scope of work and time costs fully justify the use of the excavator.
In the case of the tape base, the excavator can also be used, but the submission of the bottom and walls with tranc is mandatory, if the formwork is not used. The finished duct is not recommended for a long time to keep without fill, because the edges will begin to crumble.
To concrete construction Not cracked due to multidirectional loads, it is reinforced. The process itself is the creation of a frame of steel rods, which is subsequently poured with concrete and remains inside the body of the foundation. The brunette connection can be welded or mechanical. The round rod reinforcement of two types is used:
The formwork is the form of a future basis, into which the liquid concrete is poured. It is performed from wooden, less than metal shields.
Wooden design can be performed from plywood or boards.
Regardless of the selected type of base, it is necessary to arrange a ballast, which is an intermediate layer between concrete and soil. This allows you to evenly distribute the load and reduce the impact of moisture on the design.
For a slab or ribbon base, a geotextile is placed on the bottom of the bottom, the sand and rubble mixture is embanked. The fabric will not allow the sand over the time to go to clay.
The height of this layer from forty to sixty centimeters, but not more than half the height of the entire foundation. Under the column make a laying of geotextiles depending on the depth of the excavation.
For better dumbness, sand is wetted with water after which it is manually or using a vibrating plate, the ballast surface is tram. At the end of the rambling, the surface under the ribbon and slab foundation is covered with waterproofing and proceed to the installation of formwork and reinforcement.
The height of the formwork is taken equal to the height of the base or higher. Preference is given to the shielding board shields, since the plywood due to long contact with the wet concrete quickly fails and it will not be reused.
Shields are installed along the perimeter of the filling of the foundation marked according to the plan. The boards must be as seen as possible to each other, and to eliminate the flow completely on the bottom of the form places polyethylene. Its edges should go beyond the upper limit of the formwork.
Shields are connected to each other with fasteners, and further are strengthened with rims from wood, since the weight of the liquid concrete is quite large.
The amount of concrete is calculated based on the size of the future foundation. It is recommended to use cement stamps resistant to moisture. For the foundations of a simple form, the preparation and fill of the solution are performed manually.
In the case of a mechanized feed from the machine-concrete mixer, it is required to continuously help the girlfriend tool for uniform distribution inside the formwork. Liquid concrete has a sufficiently high viscosity and if you do not drive the mass accumulating at the point in the point, it will lead to a static overvoltage, a breakdown of the formwork or overflow through its top.
At the end of the fill, the level of the solution is necessarily monitored, and the ends of the polyethylene used to protect against the laying through the formwork should be bent, to protect the design from rapid drying.
The time of complete drying is up to four weeks depending on the season and humidity. All this time, the design remains in the formwork.
In the dry time of the year with very dry air, the surface of the foundation is periodically sprayed with water.
Fitting on the surface reinforcement should be protected from corrosion, covering with polyethylene. After the deadline, you can remove the formwork and start the construction of enclosing structures.
When assembling the formwork, the shields standing opposite each other best to fix with studs with nuts. Pre-drill holes in the wood where the stud will pass. After solidification of the solution, the fasteners can easily be removed and reused.
How to pour the foundation under the house with your own hands?
The stability and long-term resource of the private house or country structure are associated with the device of its reliable base. This is a serious and one of the main stages of construction, requiring a responsible approach in need of preliminary training. Formation concrete base associated with significant expenses. Reduce cost volume allows the fill of the foundation under the house with their own hands.
For the construction of private buildings apply different types The foundations whose features need to be explored to choose the best foundation for the house. You can pour a reliable base that will fuse the construction of cracks and deformations. The construction of construction measures should be carefully prepared, especially if the work will have to be performed by itself, without the use of hired workers. It should be carefully understood with the sequence of work own hands Under the house correctly fill the foundation.
Reliable and strong house should have a good foundation
Let us dwell on the nuances of the technology, consider the common types of foundations used as the basis during the construction of buildings. We will figure it out how to prepare a solid foundation under the house with your own hands.
If the question is discussed how to pour the foundation for the house, it means that a large range of issues on the formulation of the site is resolved, the design of the cadastral passport, obtaining permission to build. Already defined internal organization The premises, the location of the structure on the territory of the site and the homeowner can now begin the construction of a reliable base of the country house. Considering that the cost of building costs of the foundation reaches 30% of the estimated cost of work and the error price is quite high, it is necessary to analyze the following factors:
It is a reliable basis for both the house of foam blocks and a bar
The construction of construction on problem soils, inclined to swelling under the influence of temperature differences, can cause the base climbing, disturbance of the integrity of the walls. Basis Basin is not a guarantee of the stability of the structure during frosty soil bent. Evaluating the nature of the soil by analyzing the characteristics of the structure, the specifics of the relief can be properly decided by the type of base and the degree of its plug in the soil.
Properly determine the carrying capacity of various soil layers will help geological surveys. Only after analyzing all moments, the necessary calculations should be determined by experts. constructive device Foundation under the house.
For right choice The foundations required for the construction of the construction should be dealt with which species exist and what their differences are. According to the degree of immersion in the soil distinguish three types of bases:
Under heavy concrete structures, a bellulated foundation is performed, which is fixed by 20-30 cm below the marker of the Layer of the Earth
During the construction of buildings, various types of bases are used:
In most cases, in the construction of private buildings, it is preferred to a belt base that guarantees the stability of the eared objects reasonable costs on arrangement. For the construction of a belt base, various materials are used:
Let us dwell on the reinforced concrete belt.
This type of foundation is one of the easiest and most common.
On a certain algorithm, the foundation of the foundation is carried out with their own hands. It provides for the following stages of work:
To finally figure out how to build a foundation for the house with your own hands, consider in detail each of the steps of work.
Filling the foundation This is one of the first stages of the construction of the house. Theoretically, there is nothing complicated in this - I dug my hole, I fell asleep with the bottom of the sand, filled with concrete on top, and it remains to wait until the cement freezes. But in fact, how to fill the foundation for the house only professional builders know; The nuances here are quite a lot - from the installation of formwork to the right vibration of the already flooded concrete, not to mention the fact that this work is heavy and dirty.
Fill belt Fundament - Clean this work will not definitely call
It is simply unreasonable to start something without prior preparation. The beginning of all began in construction - this is the compilation project documentation; And to make the project of the house and the foundation, in turn, you can only be based on the results of the geological expertise of the site, which will identify individual fitness of the soil and will take the relief.
The lower point of the freezing of the soil in winter It will make it possible to determine the type of foundation and the depth of it. Detailed analysis of the soil and the choice of the foundation type is better to entrust qualified specialists.
Landscape design will help choose the most convenient location of the house, auxiliary buildings, tracks and arbors. Modern technologies Allowed to see the future house in all angles.
Linear base size is only part of the foundation project
Stage preparatory work occupied important place In the process of building a house. First of all, it is necessary to cleanse the area from the construction trash, cut the extra trees and reverse the stumps, remove the dry grass.
Preliminary zoning of the site will allow efficient use of each corner during operation. Leveling of the adjacent territory is best done before construction work and the labeling foundation. This will not only give the site an attractive look, but will greatly facilitate the performance of construction work at all stages. Relief area with large drops requires stepwise leveling of the territory.
Next, determine the exact location of the house and perform the markup of the foundation. For this, on all corners of the future building, pegs are installed. If the standard is a standard rectangular shape, the result is a figure with ideally equal angles at 90 °. If the angle is not sustained, it is necessary to achieve this result, moving the restrictive cord in one direction or another.
Along future walls, on the same distance from each other, pegs are also installed and stretch the rope or cord between them. The diagonals carried out between the corners of the structure should accurately equal to each other.
An example of checking angles in the markup - if the diagonal is equal, it means all the angles of 90 °
When performing marking under the ribbon foundation, it is necessary to retreat from the walls of the house for a distance equal to the width of the foundation. Most often, this indicator is no more than 20 cm.
You can dig a trench either by hand or using specialized equipment. It is formed by at least 20 cm below the water freezing point characteristic of this area in the winter period. Keep the trench must be clearly adhering to markup and forming a flat bottom.
The soil copper and the fill of the foundation under the house concrete mixture are the most expensive stage in the construction of a country house. Perform all the work independently or to trust it with professionals - everyone decides himself.
The formation of a small-breeding foundation will save a significant amount of funds. However, it is suitable only for the construction of low-rise buildings from lightweight materials. In all other cases, the foundation of deep downlies, erected below the Earth's freezing point.
The formwork assembly is performed from the boards, which can later be used as a roughing floor for other works in which appearance The material will be on a secondary plan.
After soaring the concrete, the formwork board is removed and can be reused
On our site you can find contacts construction companiesthat offer building and repairing foundation . Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
When pouring the slab foundation, you can save, using a more subtle base with the formation of rigid ribs.
The possibility of using fiberglass fittings instead of steel materials will also save slightly.
The slab foundation is most often used in the construction of brick, frame and stone country houses. At the same time, the plate is located not only under the carrier walls of the house, but also under the entire structure and requires the formation of a perfectly smooth surface.
For the fill of the slab basement, a sand pillow with a height of up to 30 cm is filled, stacked reinforced concrete platesThe reinforcing frame is formed and a concrete screed is performed.
It is the most expensive, but fully ensures the strength and reliability of the foundation during the operation of the object.
Slab foundation has a rather complicated structure
Foundation is often confused with pile, but in fact it is two completely different technologies. If the piles are necessarily screwed below the depth of the soil freezing, then the column is a pit, a depth of about 50-70 cm, the bottom of which is covered with sand, and the concrete is poured on top, which is a mixture with some stones.
On a note! For a residential building, the foundation is not suitable for a residential house, since it is designed for ultra-light buildings - small baths without a stone oven, gazebos, sores and the likellower.
A columnar foundation does not require additional work on waterproofing, but, like the pile, eliminates the possibility of building a cellar or basement. Since it is laid on a small depth, it is predominantly used on sandy soils and squeezes that are indifferent to the bent and natural movement of the soil.
For the pouring of a column foundation, concrete blocks are used, bonded by reinforcement and filled with the finished concrete mixture. Any material is suitable for the formation of concrete blocks:
cobblestones;
ready concrete blocks.
Column foundation - Shallow budget base for hozpostrok
Poles are installed in all corners, as well as in places of intersection of walls and points with an increased load at a distance of no more than 2 meters from each other. In this case, formwork is formed, the posts are installed and the reinforcing material is compared. The whole design is poured with a mixture of concrete.
The ribbon foundation is laying on the depth below the ground freezing point. The fill of the belt foundation includes the following steps:
preparatory work;
trench formation;
arrangement of sand pillows;
the formation of the reinforcing frame;
installing formwork;
single mixing of a concrete mix and fill the frame.
Viscable all work on the preparation of the site and the fill of the foundation, see the video:
Before pouring the foundation for the house, it is necessary to form a strong, reliable formwork. For formation removable formwork can be used:
wood;
Failure formwork becomes part of the design and avoids the dismantling step. For its formation use:
polystyrene foam;
wood slabs;
fibrololite.
Block failure formwork For belt foundation
For the formation of a reinforcing carcass in the corners, reinforcing bars are installed. On the bottom of the trench, the longitudinal reinforcement is placed and vertical rods are installed every 30 cm, the height of which exceeds the depth of the trench to the height of the foundation above the ground level. This distance should be at least 25 cm.
Horizontal reinforcing rods are fixed at the same distance from each other in several levels to the very top of the formwork. Fragments of the frame can be associated with a soft wire.
The necessary stage of work during the construction of the house is drainage. It allows you to take an extra moisture from the construction during the rainy season or spring melting.
For formation drainage system Used corrugation. They are placed on a depth of 50 cm in pre-equipped trenches around the entire perimeter of the house at a distance of no more than one meter from its walls.
So that water and moisture can be moved in pipes, they are placed with a slight bias and perform a geotextile winding.
Visually about the drainage of the foundation in the video:
For the formation of the foundation, concrete M200 - M400 is usually used. When mixing a concrete mixture, a mixture of river sand and gravel is often used as a filler. For the construction of a country house, the ratio of these materials taken in proportions 3: 1 will be sufficient to knead the common mixture.
Preparation of a high-quality concrete mix and the filling of the foundation is an important stage of the construction work of a country house.
The sand pillow is necessary element During the construction of any structure. For its formation, the bottom of the trench is falling asleep with river sand to a height of at least 20 cm. Each layer of sand is thoroughly shed water and tamper.
For the reinforcement of the foundation, fittings and reinforcing rods of different diameters are used. Along the trenches it is better to use thicker fittings. Connect the reinforcing elements using a soft wire.
If you buy a concrete at the factory, you do not have to think how to pour the foundation under vacation home. The car mixer evenly mixes the concrete mixture to a uniform, plastic consistency and unloads the finished concrete immediately to the site prepared for the foundation.
The car does not just bring concrete to the construction site, and also slides him directly into the formwork of the foundation
Works start with the corners of the foundation, trying tightly fill all empties. Concrete is evenly distributed throughout the perimeter using shovels, excess air and bubbles are removed.
The finished foundation is wrapped with a film and periodically moisturize the surface. This will help to prevent the formation of numerous cracks when dried.
We looked at all nuances how to correct the foundation for the house. From which it follows that the exact observance of all technological stages of work and their qualitative fulfillment will fully ensure the strength and reliability of the house during operation and will avoid incorrigible errors, so it is strongly recommended to trust this work by professionals.
