As a rule, when constructing monolithic type structures, the liquid concrete mixture is poured into a pre-installed formwork systemhaving a temporary character. Dismantling it is performed after solidification of walls or foundation. This method is labor cost, implies additional financial expenses. Failure opal The foam plastic is the ease of installation, does not require dismantling. The solution is poured into the design collected from it, and the formwork itself performs the functions of the insulation layer.
Foam formwork is dense hollow blocks. The emptiness is filled with concrete solution, after the frozen of which dismantling the formwork is not performed. It remains as an element of the structure, performing the role of the heat insulating layer. As a result, the object is obtained heat and noise insulating, and the foam material covers the design both outside and from the inside.
Fixed foam formworks in construction - real savings of time and finance. Such a technology for working allows you to save within forty percent of all costs.
This is primarily due to the low cost of polystyrene foam material. Plus to this, the installation of such a formwork design frees builders from execution additional eventsaimed at strengthening and insulation of the structure.
Comparing this technology with the usual all brickwork, allocate the importance of this issue associated with the material side. Analyzing the prices for building materials, it becomes clear that the construction of an object with a non-removable formwork design allows you to save well.
By field of application, non-removable foam formwork varies:
The formwork for monolithic construction from foam is divided into several species. In addition, this option for the construction of structures is divided into the following classifications:
The first option can be divided into two groups, equally used in the construction of monolithic objects:
A distinctive feature of block formwork is that it can be compared with the children's designer. It is represented by blocks sticking together and connecting with a special jumper. Inside the gap remains, which is filled with the concrete mass.
The following option is distinguished by reliability, because the conversation is carried out about the construction of residential facilities. In this case, the panel from the foam material is to be reinforced from two sides with a metal mesh, after which the solution is poured, but not inside, and on top of the design. Ultimately, the slabs are covered with a solution mass. Such a construction method is considered to be economical, because the panels do not require additional processing.
A modern way to build monolithic structures is an excellent opportunity to all who seek to build their home.
More recently, a low-storey object in construction required the cost of time and financial spending. And today cottage construction is conducted with a rapid pace, developers do not have serious difficulties associated with investments in materials.
Basic technical characteristics Foam formwork for foundation are the following indicators:
Indicators of technical and physical nature can be continued by the following characteristics:
It is believed that during the construction of a private house to one floor or a garage, a non-removable formwork from foam can be completely installed with their own hands.
The ease of installation and the small weight of block elements will significantly minimize physical loads. But if you disassemble the question almost, then everything turns out to be somewhat more complicated.
The fact is that the use of concrete solution implies a restriction in the number of formwork series. Often, experienced builders are recommended to run the laying of four rows of polystyrene foam blocks, taking them with the reinforcing belt of the foundation base, then pour the solution and wait a bit. After a few hours, the concrete gives a shrinkage, he is poured, releasing the reinforcement, which will associate the flooded ranges of the formwork with the subsequent.
In addition, the bolted concrete solution creates a certain load, and the formwork, erected into four rows and the connected reinforcement, does not any equally have the required stability, and it gives no less than a day so that the laying can settle and gain strength.
An important value is paid to the preparation of the starting basis of the foundation design, which is supposed to lay out the first formwork series.
If you build a formwork from foam with your own hands, then connecting block items, you need to perform all work carefully. If the surface is not compared to the horizontal surface, the subsequent block rows will fall, which will entail the collapse of the structure, because the initial rigidity of the non-removable polystyrene foam formwork filled with concrete solution is significantly lower than that brick masonry or wood.
The inner surfaces of such a formwork are experienced specialists advise to reinforce the grid and separate the plastering solution. In the presence of sufficient space, it is possible to separate the walls with plasterboard sheets or simply impose a decorative plaster material.
With the outside of the polystyrene foam formwork, things are somewhat more complicated. Sunny ultraviolet in a few years is able to turn the insulation in the crumbling mass, so that such sites should be separated by plastering from sand and cement, with top of it, arranging decorating layer of stone of artificial origin, plastic siding panels, etc.
Many foam formwork for the foundation is compared with the children's designer, the elements of which are simply snapped when connected. Each block case is represented by two sheets of foam, connected by jumpers with a thickness of five to ten centimeters. The thickness of sheets depends on what a colder object is recommended to use such a formwork. Block ends are protected by plugs.
Such designs are allowed to be used for both private structures and objects in several floors.
Main advantages:
Now we'll figure it out in detail with negative moments. It turns out that they are still available. Some consumers assure that the foam is burning. It is true, but the wood in this issue is significantly ahead of the foam formwork. From the toxicity of the material, you can protect if all the technological requirements and to separate the surface of the formwork with a plaster layer or other materials.
Buying material, specify the availability of the corresponding certificate confirming the quality.
It is time to clarify significant minuses:
The formwork is a design of boards or slab material for the fill of concrete. She implies further dismantling. Failure formwork, as can be seen from the name, after hardening the concrete solution is not removed. And polystyrene foam will serve as a thermal insulation layer. The article we will talk about the types not removable formwork and the construction of the house on this technology.
Benefits of non-removable formwork
Tip: The most responsible stage of construction is the fill with concrete. Since the monolithic frame is difficult to trace the uniformity of the filling of all cavities. For this reason, the work is made in stages.
Types of non-removable formwork
Manufacturers of non-removable formwork sell it as a finished set, which includes cast polystyrene foam blocks and various jumpers and locks that provide the desired rigidity. This method immediately includes several building processes, so it is often choosing it for independent construction at home. In addition, the assembly process itself does not require special knowledge and is available to the majority.
There are several main types of non-removable formwork: from a ceramzite concrete, from the arobolite, from polystyrene foam, from glass edgehosis.
Tip: separately worth saying about non-removable formwork "Technoblock" This is the easiest way to build a house yourself without special skills. Since the blocks already have an external decorative and thermal insulation layers, for fixing the kit includes fasteners. In addition, they have the ability to dismantle the inner layer of foam after filling the walls. The resulting walls are so strong that is suitable for multi-storey construction. But to build from such a material, the project of the house must be optimized for the size of the blocks.
Installation of non-removable formwork for home with your own hands
The construction of the house for this technology takes place in several stages.
First prepare the foundation. Diagonal check the evenness of the angles. If there are deviations, then you should apply markup in the form of a stretched twine under the laying of blocks. From the base, they consider all the garbage, and make waterproofing with rubberoid or liquid primer.
Polystyrene Fieldwork Installation Scheme
Instructions for installing polystyrene formwork
Polystyrene foam formwork for foundation
Tip: Partial foundation is located underground. Since a non-removable formwork is used for work, expanded polystyrene will remain as a heater. Mice love to make holes in this material and will definitely spoil him with their moves. This will lead to a partial freezing of the foundation and the destruction of concrete. If there is an opportunity, the foam is desirable to replace penplex or any other extruded polystyrene foam.
Installation of non-removable polystyrene formwork in the construction of a low-rise building
To fill the foundation, a forming element is needed, which will hold the liquid mass of concrete. To do this, traditionally apply a formwork from wooden shieldswhich is removable. There is a lot of time on the construction of formwork. It has to be attached to a multitude of elements, and after the fill again disassemble. A non-removable formwork is also applied, which remains in the ground after the fill. New innovative technologies allowed to create a non-removable formwork that is going to the children's designer. The most well-known formwork for the foundation from polystyrene foam, when using all the processes of creating a foundation remained unchanged, except for the formation of the formwork itself.
Consider in detail the whole process of creating a foundation.
When the project is ready and the size of the foundation is known, it should be cleaned and aligned with the platform. After that, its markup is made, according to which the main outlines of the foundation begin to be determined. In the traditional option, then you should pull out the trench in size of the contour, put the pillow in it from the sand and rubble mixture, and after mounting the formwork. The pillow contributes to the alignment of loads, drainage and is a heat insulator. Typical removable formwork is a complex design of wood, including a plurality of elements. At the same time you need to possess certain skills and skills. At this stage, the significant differences between the new technology for creating a non-removable formwork are manifested.
How to make a formwork foundation from polystyrene foam? All children's designer "Lego" is known, which is going from cubes with protrusions and depressions. The protrusions of one cube are inserted into the depressions of the other, and the result is a monolithic design. Similarly, a new formwork is created. The protrusions and depressions have each block of formworks are respectively below and from above. It is assembled from separate blocks with jumpers inside. The body of the block and jumpers are made of one material - polystyrene foam. The width of the cavities inside the blocks is designed for the width of the foundation. The formwork is also made from individual elements, and then assembled into a single design. Blocks can be solid and collapsible. The collapsible design of the block is used to assemble the foundation on the non-type option.
To keep the blocks to the concrete, the reinforcement rods are clogged into the sand-gravel pillow, which will be attached to the blocks. Then above the pillow is poured a layer of concrete, which is leveling the bottom to the horizontal level.
After solving the leveling layer, the formwork for the foundation of polystyrene foam is mounted. The blocks of polystyrene foams are planted on reinforcing rods protruding from the bottom of the trench. Broadcasting blocks are connected by the type "groove-ridge", as well as additional brackets. Vertical blocks are laid out the same with the dressing, as bricks are put. Thus, vertical seams overlap. At the corners, blocks are cut in half. They are easy to hand. Builders apply special machines for this when high performance is required.
If necessary, the strength of the compound is raised by the use of special foam. To strengthen the angles, it is necessary to use special angular elements. Such a design does not require additional fasteners that are widely used for a wooden removable formwork. However, an additional fastening does not interfere with the substrate, if the foundation is performed large width and height. For this, the polystyrene polystyrene formwork for the foundation is additionally strengthened by the boards, which are pressed to it from the outside and are attached using spacers.
At the bottom of the trench, check the presence of slots under blocks. They should be selected by cement-sandy solution.
In the formwork lay the reinforcement. The blocks provide places for fittings. First, vertical racks that provide additional stability are installed. Horizontal fittings laid longitudinally in the grooves at the bottom and tied up with a wire between themselves, with transverse rods and racks. Similarly, reinforce the upper part. The bottom of the reinforcement is mounted immediately after laying the first layer of blocks. This greatly facilitates its installation.
The foundation requires passing holes for communications. To do this, the blocks are laid transverse pieces of pipes of large diameter. This can be done before they are installed in the formwork. Passages must be made in different places and with a margin. A greater inner section will allow you to lay communication at an angle and with a slope.
Disadvantages:
Technology with a non-removable formwork applies for the following purposes:
Blocks are sold in large specialized stores. Usually the block length is 500-1250mm, and height and width - 250-300mm. There are firms, the main activity of which is the technology of non-replacement formwork from expanded polystyrene. They supply products and can produce its installation and fill the foundation at the request of the customer. These firms can order blocks of the most suitable format. Buying a formwork directly from the company may be more profitable because the shops make big charges for sale.
Before buying, you should correctly calculate the required number of blocks, taking into account the fact that they will be cut during installation and will remain waste. In addition, blocks may be with a defect or damage during installation. Therefore, the availability of stock is necessary! The project of the house may provide curvilinear surfaces. Therefore, for the installation of the foundation, certain structures of blocks may be needed, which should also be ordered. Different manufacturers can be different methods Fastening, sizes and shape of blocks. Therefore, you should take everything at once and one supplier.
Building a foundation for buildings various destination Does not do without using formwork. It represents frame design With voids between boards or slabs. Concrete flooded in emptiness, and after drying it, the formwork is removed. In the future, the foundation is carried out in waterproofing, insulation and other protective action. Development modern construction Allows you to reduce the cost of materials, speed up the process at the expense of new technologies. Such new products includes a non-replaceable formwork made of polystyrene foam. The construction assembly is made in a short time, and it can be erected on its own.
Construction of a foundation using a non-coordinate formwork from polystyrene foam on Russian sites is applied relatively recently. European builders use such a method for over 50 years.
Unavailable opal From foam plastic is a kind of constructor. In production, the foam is poured into forms with locks and connections, after the hole, such blocks are similar to the Lego constructor. At the construction site, the constructor is collected and cement is poured inside the block.
The name "Vaulting formwork" implies that structural blocks remain on the foundation, that is, they become part of the founding of the future building. Installation and construction will not require the use of special construction equipment. Formwork blocks have a small mass, and ordinary builders can cope with their installation. Already at the stage of construction of the foundation, financial expenses will significantly decrease.
The beaming formwork for the foundation from expanded polystyrene provides many opportunities for builders and architects. With it, you can build not only the foundation, but also build a full-fledged building. At the same time, such houses receive many advantages over buildings raised by old technologies.
The material for the manufacture of formwork blocks is polystyrene foam or foam, as well as extruded polystyrene foam.
The polystyrene is made by the extrusion method, where the foam granules melted and form a monolithic slab. As a result, a durable block is obtained.capable of passing air and not absorb moisture, besides, polystyrene foam is stronger.
Extruded expanded polystyrene is made of polystyrene granules under the influence of high temperature and increased pressure with a foaming agent. The most popular extruded polystyrenex is a penurex, a formwork from which can be made with your own hands.
The use of foam formwork is due to its environmental performance. The composition does not emit toxic substances, does not enter chemical reactions With reagents of storm stocks. Pluses of material:
TO weak places Applications like construction technology These moments include, for example, after the construction of the foundation of the house becomes impossible engineering networks: Make holes for heating or drainage pipes, without violating the integrity of the wall, is impossible.
All difficulties are overcome at the design stage, then no problems arise in the operation of the structure:
For arrangement of permanent formwork When building the foundation, you will need to perform several stages:
The construction of a foundation with the use of non-co-formwork involves the ability to add to concrete mix Largeframe crushed stone. The size of the fraction should not exceed 8 mm.
Traditionally, for the manufacture of foundations and walls in monolithic concrete houses, concrete floated into a temporary formwork, which was removed after the concrete drying. The technology of building using non-removable formwork is an alternative to such construction. The formwork is made of polystyrene foam, which is folded as LEGO blocks. After mounting the formwork, the valve is installed, the formwork is aligned and the concrete is poured into it. After drying the concrete, throughout the life of the building, the polystyrene foam works as an insulating material. It seems that it seems, a very good technology of rapid construction of the house. Easy formwork that does not need to be removed, ensures the actual lack of waste. Buildings built using non-removable formwork, have increased strength and positioned as energy efficient and eco-friendly. But is it really good enough non-removable polystyrene formwork?
It should be noted that polystyrene foam with a very large stretch can be attributed to environmentally friendly materials. Nevertheless, it is so often labeled. This is true, if only not to consider it from the point of view:
The impact on a person - styrene, from which polystyrene foam is made, is poison for a person, in polystyrene foam it is polymerized, but not completely, therefore the poison is gradually allocated to the environment, but under the influence of light, oxygen, heat, etc. It begins to stand out more active. In case of fire, it burns with very high temperatures 1100 ° C, destroying even metal structures, and emits poisonous substances. Of course, modern polystyrene is processed by antipirens, so they talk about fire safety, but the anti-epires are also not harmless to humans.
Environmental impacts - after the end of the service life, expanded polystyrene is sent to the landfill, but there he will lie hundreds of years, poisoning the environment, since it has the bad properties of biodegradation.
Question: Does such an "eco-friendly" material need?
Houses made of non-removable formwork difficult to reconstruct. It is necessary to carefully think about the design of the house and foresee all possible necessary changes in the future. For example, to add a window or door, you have to cut monolithic concrete wallThat is not easy and take a lot of time. It is also important to take into account all the communication systems in advance: electrical wiring, plumbing pipes, ventilation, etc., because after completion of construction it will be difficult to carry out all these communications.
The block segments should be installed very tightly, otherwise the external insulation of the wall can be for insects an excellent place of residence and can be seamless to it. groundwater. But this is partly solved problem, there are blocks treated with insecticide, and with water protection. Nevertheless, as a rule, such blocks are more expensive than ordinary.
This construction technology is relatively new to Russia, so finding qualified practicing builders who completely mastered the construction method, difficult. It also increases the cost of construction, since qualified workers are in demand and their work is more expensive.
At temperatures below 0 ° C, the constriction of concrete is almost terminated, it is necessary to pour it at temperatures above 5 ° C. Also in a hot period, it may be necessary to moisten the concrete with water.
Immediately after the construction of the house there may be problems with high humidity. Improving humidity in the house occurs due to the fact that the concrete is still in the process of curing. After it completely freezes, the level of humidity can go to the normal level. To dry the air, you can use the air dryer.
The walls erected in a similar way are badly "breathing", since polystyrene foam has low vapor permeability. Therefore, in the house, it is necessary to provide a system forced supply and exhaust ventilation.
The use of metal reinforcement requires a home contour device and reassembly.
The construction technology of a non-removable formwork house has obvious advantages, but it also has a number of shortcomings that are mostly associated with the use of polystyrene foam. If, when choosing a building technology in the calculation, not only the speed of construction and cost, but also other factors, then the technology using a non-removable formwork will not be the best choice.
Screenshot of the video Youtube.com. The foam formwork. (Part 3)
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