Often, lovers have something to repair or instinct the need for the processing of parts, nodes of pressure (pressing). An indispensable help in this will be a hydraulic press, with their own hands constructed.
The hydraulic press is an equipment intended for processing materials, various pressure products. The device is driven by a liquid that is under high pressure. The basis of the press is based on the law of Pascal.
The equipment consists of 2 chambers (cylinders). In the first, smaller, the liquid is given to a high pressure state and is fed through a pipeline or a special channel to a greater, the working cylinder, where the incoming liquid creates an effort on the piston transmitted to the material being processed through the actuator. The prerequisite for the work of the press is the presence of a stop, which does not allow the movement of the part or blank under the influence of the working piston . Special oils are used as a liquid.
In modern industrial hydraulic presses, the location of the working cylinder is most often vertical and sometimes horizontal. Depending on its purpose and the type of materials being processed, this equipment develops efforts from several tens to several thousand tons. The press was widely used in metalworking for stamping, forging, editing and flexible, squeezing profiles and pipes, as well as briquetting, packing, pressing different materials, Production of rubber, plastic, wood-friendly products and in many other areas.
In the home workshop press of small power can be a valuable assistant when repairing cars and other works.In order to discharge the bearing or silent block and press the new one in its place, it will not be necessary to contact the car service and pay considerable money. With the help of the press, you can bend a metal blank, make a richt, under pressure to reliably glue two parts with each other, compress plastic bottles, Tin cans, paper or cardboard, squeeze oil or moisture.
Purchase of the factory press will cost a round sum. But this equipment can be made independently, spending only the necessary materials. In this case, you can create a device adapted and adapted for specific needs, taking into account solved tasks. Since the press hydraulic homemade in any case will require some place, then in the absence of room under the workshop, it can be placed in the garage.
For a home workshop, enough press, developing efforts in 10-20 tons or even less - it all depends on the circle of tasks. In addition, this equipment has the following main characteristics:
To create pressure in the working cylinder, usually a manual built-in or separate hydraulic pump is used. It all depends on the choice of equipment for the manufacture of the press. The simplest, easily implemented version of the self-made press is a design based on a bottle-type hydraulic jack, which has a manual built-in pump.
Before proceeding to the manufacture of the press, it is necessary to decide, under what work it will be intended, and, accordingly, what effort should develop. After that, it is necessary to choose and purchase a suitable jack (if it is used when assembling the press).
The next, most important stage is to create a drawing of the future press. Any hydraulic press on the Internet for self-assembly, the drawings to which are attached, developed and is made on the basis of the metallic materials and hydraulic equipment that had been available. Therefore, if strictly follow foreign developments, then the press assembly can stretch to infinity and will be consistent with the construct and fitting the design under the acquired hydraulic jack.
When creating a drawing, you must first select the chart of the pressing equipment:
At the same time, it is impossible to forget that for the commercially produced jacks, the correct working position provided by the manufacturer, vertical, pulling up, cannot be turned over.
As a rule, the first option is used. The second is more convenient for some types of locksmith (in particular, to extract bushings, bearings from any details).
Next, we develop the box - the frame, inside which the jack will put pressure on the details. It should be durable and designed for an effort developed by the jack with a margin, since the pressing press will simultaneously press up and down, trying to break the frame. The base of the bed must ensure sufficient sustainability of the press and, desirable, to have a platform shape. The width of the opening of the frame depends on the size of the materials intended for processing materials, but it should be no less than the amount of the dimensions of the installed elements of the press equipment.
Height - folds from the size of the jack, the desired free move of its rod, the thickness of the movable desktop and the height of objects intended for processing objects. With a work diagram 1, the jack is installed on the base, and the top of the bed will be stopped for parts. Street from the rod will be transmitted to an object through a movable desktop. It is mounted on top of the jack on the frame, according to which it should freely move up-down, held by side guides.
On both sides of the jack, the delaying springs are fixed - one eye toward the base of the bed, and the other to the movable table. Their appointment is the compression of the jack in its original state, when the rod is not pulled out (the rigidity and size of the springs must be appropriate). A variant is possible when a fixture is dressed in the form of a mandrel, to which one of the peins of springs is fixed - the second is fixed to the base.
The second scheme of the press of the press assumes that the base of the bed will be stopped for details, and the jack is installed on a movable table, which is suspended to the top of the frame on the sprinkling springs. Under the head of the jack rod in both working circuits, include a socket on the conjugation node (bottom of the movable table (option 1) or the top of the bed (option 2). It may be a small segment of a suitable diameter pipe.
To adjust the free stroke of the jack of the jack and, accordingly, the height of the objects processed are the following solutions:
All sizes in the drawing should be listed, taking into account not only the dimensions of the jack, processing objects, but also the size of the expected for use when assessing the press of metal rolling.
The following tools will be needed:
As a power unit - the selected hydraulic jack. Extinguishing springs are the door, from the front automotive chairs or others. At the lower location of the jack as a detail of the delaying device, you can use a bridge fungus with shlits - it is dressed on a rod, the springs are attached to it and the base of the frame.
Metal rolling, which can be used (volume and sizes according to the designed drawing):
After creating the drawing and the preparation of the necessary tools, materials, components will be clear how to make a hydraulic press. First, the entire metal is cut in size specified in the drawing. If they are provided with the design, on the details marked for this.
Then, from segments, the base, seams on the joints boil on top and bottom. Top welding fasten the corresponding steel plate sizes. With the help of the welding machine, a P-shaped structure with strictly straight angles, which is reliably welded to the base - the window is ready.
Move the movable desktop. To do this, you can use a channel or pipe cut down for a length, a smaller intermediate distance between the frame racks. A piece of pipe under the rod of the jack is welded to the tube. As a guide table, the cuts of a strip length are used, which is equal to the width of the bed. The pipe between the frame racks, the sides put the strips and tighten the entire design bolts with nuts. Removable adjustment is made similarly, but in the bands opposite the racks drill holes for fixing at the desired height.
Then in the stipulated places, the delayed springs are affordable. Having drawn the moved desktop, the jack is installed - hydraulic press, with your own hands, ready. When it is not necessary, the jack can be easily removed and used in its direct intended purpose.
There are often situations in everyday life when it is necessary to compress items with a huge force. It is for this that the extruded devoted devices are applied. The most popular and reliable is a hydraulic design. Is it possible to make the press with your own hands any complexity and apply it to everyday life? To answer the question, you need to get acquainted in detail with the types of equipment and functions, and choose the desired model for yourself.
Read in the article:
The press is the most ancient industrial device, without which in many cases can not do. It is used to press a huge spectrum different species Products and structures (starting with jewelry, ending with airplanes).
In fact, the press is a device that has a powerful seal of different substances, as well as:
To date, 4 main types are produced:
Hydraulic design models are divided into: vertical and horizontal.
To the vertical belongs:
To horizontal:
Vertical models can be found in construction and mechanical engineering. They consist of a pump high pressurewhich is used with time-consuming pressing. For work on the guides, low pressure pump is used.
The popularity of hydraulics is growing every year in different fields. Such an indispensable equipment, industrial presss, excavators and powerful taps work effectively, thanks to an unpretentious mechanism. Consider the press that work on the basis of hydraulics and are used as in everyday life and in industry.
Press for silent blocks are used for pressing and exercising automotive bearings. The equipment performs a wide range of maintenance, repair and prevention of the car.
Opinion expert
Consultant for the selection of tools LLC "All-Testaments.ru"
Ask a specialist"If you are planning your mini car service or simply repairing machines yourself, then you can safely acquire a hydropress for silent blocks or make it yourself."
When developing an aggregate, you need to take into account the following parameters:
There are many parameters for the development of this press. Some in may stand a 1 ton car, in other multiple trucks. A simple press with minimal parameters is not suitable for the cargo machine.
Tip! The simplest device performed independently is made of simple hydraulic machines with a conventional manual pump.
Press for waste paper is simply necessary for home and workshop. Over the years, the number of unnecessary papers that need to be disposed of are accumulated in many homes. The device is made of medium power. And works from the mains, but does not absorb a lot of electricity.
The compact model is able to dispose of a plurality of unnecessary waste paper. Equipment is used as a press for cardboard, eliminates jets from tin and plastic bottles.
With self-assembly, the following parameters are taken into account:
For pressure, a hydraulic pump (manual or finished) is used. For the simplest model, an ordinary hydraulic jack is used.
Briquettes are common for the heating of private houses, this is the easiest and most effective way of fuel. Here for these purposes and the press for sawdust is manufactured.
The press for fuel briquettes is a mechanical device that consists of the following elements:
For manual drive, a jack is often used as a supplement, and for a mechanical electric motor. Also to the family, the briquette of the presses can be attributed and the roll press.
The device looks like a woody box that is planted on a frame from a reliable bar. Metal profiles can be used as a frame.
The box itself is placed without a roof, but with a gate. To make a homemade gender press for the hay, you will need some materials:
Initially, the treated boards are connected to metal corners, with the help of fastening bolts. Then, for the strength, we get the box with metal slats. Go to the door or gate, which is installed on the loop, as the standard door leaf.
To assemble a selection apparatus for the hay you will need:
Tip! The focus in the model is worth paying for a motor-block. The more powerful the mechanism, the greater the speed of rotation.
If you want to make your own hands in the garage press, it is best to use a manual drive (hydraulic pump). The model consists of chambers with 2 pistons that are connected by an oil pipeline. The hydraulic press is valid by the law of Pascal.
For the garage, models based on pneumatic piston, pneumohydraulic structures are created.
The principle of operation, for example, hydraulic equipment resembles a mechanism that can raise a cargo with human effort, the mass of which exceeds the possibility ordinary person.
At that principle, hydraulic energy operates, based on different mechanisms:
Today exists different types Pressures of powerful, industrial, and manual, intended for homework.
The press is used for the manufacture of facades for furniture based on wood tiles and PVC. As well as for decorative linings for door Towns do it yourself. Vacuum press will be a reliable assistant in fulfilling all these works.
The thermal pump includes:
From the outside PVC film with sealed edges.
Press pick-up, it is an indispensable and reliable design For cases when from the fields you need to completely remove the hay and straw.
The aggregate itself is useful for the agricultural part. There are 2 types of cleaner, they qualify for both large industrial aggregates and small models:
Industrial special equipment is an independent unit, and small models cling to the motoblock.
Each of the species has its own characteristics, so before creating a model with your own hands, we recommend to learn more about each model more, see the video:
The desktop press is divided into two main types:
Specialized models perform one specific operation, with ready-made equipment under this action.
Universal presses have huge functional differences. Desktop structures are designed for different operations and are equipped with various technologies for each function.
The desktop manual press can work, both automatically and in manual mode. The design has gained its popularity at the expense of its small size. Equipment reliable and has big resources.
Thanks to the press in manual mode, you can process:
Most often, this model can be seen in the locksmith. Thanks to the press, the masters will significantly save time on the manufacture of bearings and pressing.
This is an indispensable apparatus for the construction of country houses:
If you make a home model of the vibropress with your own hands for the house, you can stamp blocks in unlimited quantities, providing at least our own construction as a maximum of your business.
Such equipment as a hydraulic press with an electric drive is applied not only in large industrial enterprisesBut in ordinary workshops.
It is at the expense of an electrical actuator, you can solve a significant part of the tasks:
You can buy a hydraulic press with an electric drive, but not every simple manual can afford such a luxury. We offer watch video how to make equipment yourself:
Experienced motorists make this kind of model alone from the girlish raw materials, which will continue to perform a number of free repair and maintenance of the car.
Note! In the independent production of hydraulic presses for the garage, the use of a manual drive is provided in frequent cases.
Before making a hydraulic press, we will need to develop a drawing with dimensions and a small instruction.
Before making an individual model, you need to decide exactly, under what kind of activity the device will be used and what power it should be.
The next and important stage is the development of the drawing of the hydraulic press with their own hands, consider several models:
| Models | Description |
|---|---|
 Complex hydraulic model | A schematic drawing of a common type requires the time costs and necessary specialized equipment. |
 Simple manual | Automotive, simple. It is quite possible to do by reading the instructions. |
 Normal tire machine | Two-speed with manual pump. There is a self-return system to its original position. Mobile piston. |
 Outdoor model | There is a valve from overloads. Outdoor installation, two speeds, manual pump drive. |
 Model is collected in simple conditions | When creating use a thick-walled pipe. For outdoor design, chawllars or corners with thick walls will be needed. |
Tip! Before developing the drawing, we are determined with the scheme and installation of the jack.
In most cases, the jack is set to bottom at the base. The design of the drawing includes such an important part as the device of the bed. This is very important momentAfter all, it is all the load, so you need to take care of the strength before being made.
Small step-by-step instruction:
Installation of spring elements and jacks is the final stage in the hydraulic press device for the garage. There are cases when the jack is not needed, it can be calmly withdraw from the equipment.
2 (fasteners);
3 (jack up to 20 tons);
4 (spring mechanism);
5 (moving design);
6 (stop);
7 (adjustment device);
8 (cross-construction);
9 (Support legs).
Everything is securely fixed
Hydraulic press with their own hands from the jack drawing with a bolted joint
Installation of beams will be needed for greater hardness.Tip! In the production of the hydraulic press from the jack, first of all, the strength of the frame should be ensured, it will be on it that will be loaded.
To date, a glass jack is most often used for the production of a hydraulic press. There are inexpensive devices that are able to squeeze more than twenty tons.
Note! But there is a problem in the use of similar equipment, they are not able to function in an inverted state.
It seems logical, consolidate a jack on the upper beam, and the bottom to use, as a support, but in this case the jack will have to refine.
Alteration of design:
To make a press from the hydraulic jack with their own hands, the formation of the rod is envisaged. Many masters claim that it is not convenient in work. Need a large area for the development of various, large molds and parts of large dimensions.
In the role of a pad, you can use pigs in which the deaf holes are made to strengthen with the main design of the press. If there are no financial capabilities, the nodes can be made independently. In the beam, you need to make a hole where the heel of the jack should be logged in, almost without clearance. Then make several holes for the return mechanism.
Then at the top of the node, weld the cutting pipe for the landing of the jack. The bottom is welded with the help of the corners.
Steel massive fingers are suitable for attaching a portable beam. On the vertical part of the frame, we make a number of round bits at different heights. The diameter of the seed must coincide with the cross section of all bolts.
The last part in the design of the hydraulic press is a return or spring mechanism. Here you can insert ordinary springs for doors. The task can be significantly complicated when using the upper grandmother, since its own weight may not allow the spring mechanism to shrink.
Tip! One of the options is an increase in the number of springs up to 6 or the use of more powerful parts.
Hydraulic press, made by hand, has a number of indisputable advantages:
To date, it is impossible to imagine a garage or car service without hydraulic equipment. After pressing the press with your own hands, you will get exactly the device that will serve you for a long time. At the end, we want to offer you a video to clearly be convinced of the subtleties of home production of the hydraulic press.
Hydraulic press with your own hands. Homemade equipment: drawings, schemes
Quite often in everyday life there is a need to perform all kinds of repair work or dispose of waste, in the process of which it is not necessary without a hydraulic press. Hydraulic press can be made by hand, guided by the rules of the work presented below.
In order to make a hydraulic press, you will need to prepare a traditional jack, which will perform as the main working element.
It must be remembered that the jacks can be different. For this reason, before the start of the press, it is necessary to determine which maximum effort will you need when working. Thus, if using a hydraulic press, the strengthening of which does not exceed 200 kN, then it will only be necessary to apply the force of a person to be attached through a special lever.
If it is supposed to use more powerful press equipment, then you will need to use the electric drive.
Before making a hydraulic press with their own hands, you need to consider that there are many varieties of this equipment, each of them is distinguished by structural features, location and the number of main components.
In order to make a hydraulic press with their own hands, it will initially need to prepare steel billets of different shapes and dimensions.
Thus, in order to obtain the base of the press, you need to use a thick steel sheet, if not, it is possible to make it from individual segments of the steel profile, the cross section of which is 100 millimeters. Dimensions of the foundation will depend on the type of work, which are supposed to be performed.
This parameter will depend on the stability of the installation during operation.
Before starting to make a hydraulic press with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account that the segments of the metal corner must be applied as the guide racks, the size of which is 100x100 millimeters, its height should be 1.5 meters.
Such blanks should be 4. These elements need to be welded vertically to the steel base, placing two on both sides. The step between the nearby corners should be equal to 100 millimeters, which is necessary so that the ends of the working stop of the structure are placed. They need to make the same width. In the upper zone, all racks must be interconnected by means of a steel profile welded to them, it is necessary to make it necessary according to the appropriate size.
The same element will act as a still stop when you make a hydraulic manual press.
According to this technology, the jack is supposed to be consolidated on the basis.
This suggests that the work must be carried out with the course of the rod. As for the guide racks, which should be located at the bottom of the jack, they must be strengthened with two bolts on each side for more impressive stiffness.
What is the cross-cutting holes in the nearby corners, which should be coincided with the bolts diameter?
Hydraulic manual press is made according to a specific technology, which implies the beginning of the assembly of one of the elements of the hydraulic press, it is called a removable focus. It should be set in such a way that the landing of the jack has been strengthened in its central part.
While the removable focus itself should slide between the guide racks. For this reason, its length should be equivalent to the distance between the outer edges of the racks, which is the corners. The work of the hydraulic press should assume the stiffness of the structure, for this, the removable stop must be made of the steel blades, the thickness of which is 10 millimeters. From it, with a metal-cutting tool, it is necessary to carve 10 plates equal in dimensions, the width of each of which should be 100 millimeters.
Two plates need to be shorter than those of 10 millimeters. After long plates, it is necessary to strengthen each other in separate points or seam. Then the short plates must be welded from two sides of this unit with a retreat from the ends of 10 centimeters.
When the equipment starts, the protrusions will not allow the removal to move to the side.
In the manufacture, it is necessary to perform a piston of the hydraulic press, as well as a return mechanism that is necessary to return the working part after the work. It is made using a spring in the amount of two pieces, as well as plates in which holes in the central part are made.
When you are drawn up a diagram of the hydraulic press, you need to take into account the dimensions of the return mechanism, which must be somewhat more compared to the diameter of the screw rod. This element will not allow to shift the plate when working. The top end of the spring must be fixed to the plate, while the lower plate is attached to the sole of the jack.
In order to make the rod move slightly less, you need to use additional inserts that are fixed to the focus. Among other things, you can change the step to the top stop, strengthening another plate somewhat below this item.
The manufactured press with a minor effort in the cylinder should increase the pressure several times. For the reason that the fluid used in such presses is not compressed, it will fully enter another cylinder, which has a greater working area.
Power in a large cylinder will increase so much since the area of \u200b\u200bhis piston will be more square Pistons in a small cylinder. Before starting work, you should be compiled a diagram of the hydraulic press, which will simplify the process.
According to the materials of the site: http://www.syl.ru
Hydraulically press manually, drawings, descriptions and video materials that clearly show the characteristics of the device.
The device under consideration is intended for processing materials and products of them with high pressure. Hydraulic manual printing has the vertical location of the working hydraulic cylinder and consists of five main elements:
Before proceeding with the design of the press, you need to choose a bottle (vertical) hydraulic outlet, which will be used in the design.
In our case, we installed a telescopic two-section plug, which has the following technical parameters:
If we know the settings of the socket, we will continue the selection of the springs voltage.
It is selected from the standard range offered by manufacturers.
With the geometric sizes of the elevator and spring, we can continue the development of the model itself, the details of which will be made of standard rental:
In accordance with the proposed drawings, we will produce parts from the proposed rolling, connect them together with the welded joint, using any welding equipment with which you are well coped.
Mobile panels
Fixed sound
The weld seams of assembly nodes are processed by an abrasive wheel and paint is applied, which will give the product a nice view.
The coating should consist of rust, powder and an enamel converter.
Let's see how it works.
Conclusion.
In such a seal in your home workshop, you can create a maximum of 10 (t) stresses in the following parts:
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Careful press care, compliance with the rules of operation, installed repair time - the main conditions of the uninterrupted operation of the equipment.
Information about the press, the features of its design and the arrangements arising from here are contained in the technical documentation, which the plant manufacturer supplies each machine.
In this documentation, first of all, the "Guide to the Press" should be highlighted, which includes the act of technical acceptance of the press of the manufacturer, the act of technical testing, as well as information on the prescription of the press, its design, on electrical equipment, the press launch rules and care for it, The procedure for adjusting the mechanisms and t.
The technical documentation also includes a press passport containing mass data, overall dimensions, as well as general form Press, factory number and other information.
Care for hydropress installation. All nodes and control equipment periodically examine, checking whether there are leaks, whether the desired setting of mechanisms is preserved, etc.
d. Tightening the nuts columns, for example, controls at least once a month using a dipstick. The gap between the crossbars and the ends of the nuts should not exceed 0.05 mm.
Pipelines inspect daily, as they are most susceptible to corrosion.
In case of insufficient control, the pipe rupture can occur. The practice has been established that high pressure pipes 39.2 MPa (up to 400 kgf / cm2), made of hot-rolled pipes with a diameter of 240-250 m and a wall thickness of 45-50 mm, serve about one and a half years. Special strong destruction Observed in places of pipe connections. Pipes in these places are first mounted, and then applied to the desired size with austenitic electrodes.
When the leaks are detected, the nuts in the connection or brew pipe are immediately tightened.
Tightening nuts in high-pressure pipe connections are checked at least once a week, and plunger seals and valve rods are examined daily. It is necessary to ensure that the valves of the control equipment are smoothly moved, they sat down tightly in the saddle, not passing fluids. Spools should also smoothly move in their housings.
Hydrosystems are purified at least once every three months.
The water emulsion used for cleaning in the press hydraulic system is prepared in a special installation consisting of. Tank and air mixer. It is a pipeline with holes in the walls. The tank per one third is filled with water, the temperature of which should be 30-40 °, then dissolved the calcined soda in water (when the air faucet is supplied).
Next, an emulsol is poured into the tank at the rate of 2-4 liters per 98 liters of water (and the air into the mixer is allowed). Having obtained a homogeneous creamy mass, it is diluted to the desired concentration of clean, without visible mechanical impurities with water and stirred again, after which the ready-made emulsion by the centrifugal pump is pumped into the pump of the pumping station.
When working with an emulsion, it is necessary to monitor its acidity, since degreasing and oxidation occur quickly and cause corrosion.
Acidness or alkalinity (the latter is especially harmful to non-ferrous metals) are checked with phenolphthalene or lactium paper. The first in the presence of an acid is painted in red, the second defines alkalinity.
If the press works on the oil, it is filtered after the descent from the system. Tanks and filters are thoroughly washed, then the oil is poured into the tank. Fully oil replaced every six months. In addition, the penetration of dust and dirt from the environment is limited to the penetration of dust and dirt.
All these measures are taken in connection with the aging of the oil, the reason for which are all sorts of pollution, the effect of heat and light, the penetration of oxygen from the air. As a result, the oil darkens, organic acids, resinous substances, slags, etc. All this activates corrosion, leads to clogging of the elements of the hydraulic system.
The filters use various grids from perforated tin (coarse filter for delayed large particles of contaminants), wire (10-20 holes per 1 cm2), or felt inserts.
In addition, magnetic filters, which are, for example, plastic tubes are used to eliminate metal particles, in which permanent magnets are located with intervals. The tube from time to time is removed from the liquid, wipe and again lowered into the liquid. The filter is put on the bottom of the tank or suspend on the wire.
The "Press Guide" indicates the pressure on which safety valves must be configured, as well as electrocontact pressure gauges existing in the system.
Special attention is paid to valves.
Sealing their surfaces are often damaged due to the irregularities of the saddle, which are generated when contaminated, sand, etc., and also due to a loose closing of the valve.
Then the liquid flows through it with increased speed. It is necessary to ensure that the opening and closing of the valves is gradual.
The high wear resistance of the rubbing parts of the press is ensured by the right choice of lubricants corresponding to the timely lubricant. General The lubricant is shown in ch. X.
Details carrying a large load are lubricated under pressure (for example, from an automatic lubricant, while liquid lubricant is used).
Manually lubricate the plungers of workers and other cylinders (with their water or emulsion), the columns of the press, the guide of the movable table, etc. Lubrication mode - once in shift. At the same time, used by consistent lubricants of US-2 (solidol), synthetic solidol, etc. Hinged joints of the levers, rods, shafts and other control mechanisms are lubricated from the manual oil with industrial oil or consanguine.
Oil to the bearings of electric motors, pumps and other nodes from special oil tanks located below the floor level of the workshop, is supplied with a gear-type oil pump (Fig.
116), which works as follows. Two gears (gear wheels) 5, entering each other and driven from the electric motor, raise the oil into the injection fitting 4. The supply is adjusted with screw 1, pressing the spring 2 of the valve 3. If the pressure rises in moreover that the spring is adjusted, The valve will open and excess oil over the channels A and B falls into the suction tube 6.
116. Gear-type oil pump
The main malfunctions of hydraulic presses, their causes and elimination methods are shown in Table. 6.
6. Basic malfunctions of hydraulic presses, their causes and ways to eliminate
| Character of malfunction | The reasons | Remedy |
|
Noise in valves of distributors and pipes when opening valves |
Discharge valves have an overly large gap inside the main valve, so when opening is vibrated under fluid pressure. |
Adjust the desired discharge valve |
|
The diameter of the drain pipe is excessively increased compared to the valve cross section |
Install in the pipe throttle washers that reduce its diameter |
|
|
When closing valves, sharp blows are heard |
Air in the valve. Coupling when the valve is opened, the air is quickly expanding and the valve on the saddle sharply plant |
Lower air through air-sloppy stoppers or through pipe connections in seal places |
|
Shone in the mechanisms when closing the valve |
Hydraulic blows due to fuzzy valve operation |
Adjust the valve lifting value by clapping or loosening valve springs |
|
Handle in the "Return" position, but the mobile cross does not touch |
Hences the drain or work valve. Faulty valve drive in the distributor |
Open the valve, eliminate the lubricant, eliminate the lubricant, eliminate the shaft |
|
Insufficient fluid pressure |
Install the handles to the "Stop" position, find out the reason for the pressure drop and eliminate the malfunction |
|
|
Handle in the "lower" position, but lowering does not happen |
Zaplin valve in reverse cylinder distributor Air in the hydraulic system |
Open the distributor, eliminate the valve jamming Open aircraft corks, pull the air |
|
The press does not develop the necessary effort, although the handle is in the "Working" position |
Filter valve does not close |
Stop the press, translate the handle to the "Stop" position, turn off the high pressure source, remove the pressure in the filling system, open the filler valve and eliminate the fault |
Note. The emergency magazine records data on extraordinary repairs.
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Modern cars, cars and cars, despite the seemingly complex device, are a collection of so-called simple machines - levers, screws, collars and the like. The principle of operation of even very complex devices is based on the fundamental laws of nature studied by physics.
As an example, compare the device and the principle of operation of the hydraulic press.
Hydraulic connection
A hydraulic pressing machine that creates a force significantly exceeding the original product used. The name "Press" is pretty optional: such devices are often used for pressing or pressing.
For example, for the production of vegetable oil, oil seeds are strongly compressed and the oil is extruded.
In industry, hydraulic presses are used to produce products by stamping.
But the principle of the hydraulic press machine can be used in other areas. The easiest example: hydraulic elevator is a mechanism that allows you to use a relatively small effort of human hands to raise goods, the mass of which clearly exceeds the power of the person. In the same principle - the use of hydraulic energy is the built-in work of various mechanisms:
The popularity of such mechanisms in various field areas is explained by the fact that it can be transferred to huge energy through a simple device consisting of thin and flexible pipes.
Industrial multi-purpose presses, crane levers and excavators - all these cars that are indispensable in the modern world, work effectively with hydraulics. In addition to powerful industrial devices, there are many manual mechanisms, such as trailers, clamps and small presses.
To understand how this mechanism works, we need to remember what communication vessels are.
This term in physics refers to vessels that are interrelated and filled with a homogeneous liquid. The law on the creation of communication states that homogeneous fluid in the bond vessels is at the same level.
If we stop at idle the liquid in one of the vessels, for example, we pour the liquid or press it to its surface so that the system balanced the state, which seeks to each system in communication with other data, the fluid level raises the vessels.
This occurs on the basis of another physical law called in honor of the scientist who formulated it is the Law of Pascal. Pascal law consists of the following: the pressure in the liquid or gas is evenly distributed to all points.
What is the principle of operation of any hydraulic mechanism?
Why can a person just raise the car weighing more than one ton to change the wheel?
Mathematically, Pascal's law has a form:
Press P depends directly from the applied force F. This is understandable - the larger pressure is applied, the greater the pressure. And inversely proportional to the area of \u200b\u200buse used.
Each hydraulic machine is a communications tank with pistons. The figure shows the diagram and hydraulic press device.
Imagine that we pressed on the piston in a larger container.
According to the law of Pascal, the pressure began to flow into the vessel fluid, and in accordance with the law on the communication of the courts to replace this pressure, it fears in a small vessel. And if he moved one distance to a large pistol, then in a small vessel, this distance is several times more.
Thanks to the experience or mathematical calculation, it is difficult to notice the template: the distance on which the piles moved in containers of different diameters, relative to the relationship between the smaller surface area of \u200b\u200bthe piston as a whole.
The same will happen if the opposite force is applied to a smaller pestle.
According to the law of Pascal, if the pressure obtained by the action of force acting per unit surface to a small piston is distributed in all directions in the same way, in a large piston it will also increase under pressure only as the same as the area, another piston is a larger smaller Square.
This is a physics and structure of the hydraulic press: an increase in power depends on the ratio between the piston areas.
By the way, the opposite ratio is used in the hydraulic buffer: the hydraulics of the impact absorber is extended.
A model of the hydraulic press is presented in the video, in which the effect of this mechanism is clearly shown.
Design and work of the hydraulic press cover golden Rule Mechanics: victory in power, distance loss.
Blaise Pascal, which theoretically thinks about the principle of the hydraulic press, calls it a "machine to increase power".
But more than a hundred years have passed since theoretical research to practical implementation. The reason for this delay was not inapplicable of the invention - the advantages of the power to increase power are obvious.
Designers built a number of experiments of this mechanism. The problem is to create a seal that would allow the piston to fit tightly to the wall of the container and at the same time allow him a simple sliding, reducing the cost of friction - rubber, because it was not.
The problem was solved only in 1795, when the British inventor Joseph Brahm patented the mechanism called the Brahma Press.
Later this device was called the hydraulic press. The scheme of the device, theoretically cited by Pascal and embodied in brahma, has not changed in recent century.
Since the reception point in the basement had large restrictions on the area and height of the ceiling, we made our small homemade press Under al.Bank and PET bottle. I ask not to be confused with the creamy press. Our press is designed to the convection of Al.Bank and PET bottles, about it and it will go further.
Polyethylene boxes in the photo will be clarified regarding the size of the press and briquettes. Two vodka drawers put on each other - this is the height of the briquette with al. Banks ... (Briquette on the right) Three beer drawers also supplied by a briquette with PET bottles (left)
We set ourselves the task - to score the car to the failure of the lifting capacity.
It is ridiculous to carry a semi-trailer by loading one ton there, and maybe that less. On the bull you can lay 3 tons of Al.Bank. Gazelle can be overloaded at all. And someone will say now that
the pressing of the bank is excessive, and in bags will come good. Dear, ... Do not forget about our premises and about how much rationally use it.
Collected the press from the collective farm scrap metal, chose the most tallest option.
The press successfully worked for 6 years, all shoals corrected during the work. Repeatedly asked to collect competitors, refused. Tretectantly tried to copy, photographing the press and passing the sizes, without my knowledge and consent.
And there was not enough to collect brains, just spent in vain.
There are some tricks that are not visible without drawings. Without them, alas, the press will not work.
Specifications of the homemade press:
Press height - from 1800 to 3000 mm
The height of the press in full dependence on the length of the cylinders.
How much will allow your ceiling, such a height and make the press.
This includes technical explanations in the manual, the drawings are attached.
Press width - 570 mm
Thickness - 800 mm
Engine power, kW - from 3 to 7 kW. 380 volts.
It is possible to translate the press by 220 volts, but the speed of the task will decrease ...
Selection of email with the pump is described in detail in several versions ...
Everything is selected regarding the volume of each collector in a separate order ...
Fees are all different ....
Manual control of the hydraulics system.
Hydraulic unloading briquette.
The occupied area is less than 1 square.
m.
The weight of the resulting briquette -
Al.Bank - 23-24 kg 300x400x500 mm.
PET - 26-28 kg 300x400x600-700 mm ..
Path has a lot of elasticity and when pulling out the Kipu is cut a little, therefore it turns out a bit more and a briquette with banks. Photos of briquettes are attached.
After taking the piles are tied with a caprony thread (2 pieces), the most that the combines are tied up with straw piles. Possible the press is possible and on the tape (as on Strautman).
Ribbon to tie more convenient and faster. Reinforcing piles of such a ribbon - the chic is immeasurable and unjustified. Clamping bracket, gun, tape itself all costs money.
Well, if there are such estates in the field of packaging of instrumentation, it is possible to do with a ribbon. Capron thread proven itself as the most favorable option, especially since it is possible to use it again, albeit a little longer in time.
As a day, 6 briquettes were made (130kg - 6,000 pieces of jars), between the case and not in a hurry. The press copes, you can and more if the raw materials find. Consider your admission cans and it will be clear that the day will have to do from the strength a couple of briquettes al.bank and one PET briquette with a break of three days.
Well, if you need more, then it is possible to do.
One person freely copes with the work of the press. Ideally, the receiver is a man, he also presses between the case.
Nothing loaders and crane plants, everything freely loaded with hands, briquettes 23-28kg.
To burn the press to the "hard-to-reach place", you can disassemble it to the size of 2100x60x40 and dragged, assembled in place. This is certainly not a toothbrush, but in doorway Take it however.
All components for the press domestic, are widespread throughout the former USSR.
I do not see special obstacles in the manufacture of your own press.
The easier the press will be made, the better ... At the same time, you get a service center on hydraulics in your hometown ... I mean that you can always find any zap. Parts in the shops of the hometown.
Few notes attention to the fact that when the same cylinder or pump is out of the factory press, you will have to order it with the manufacturer. And this is the road, detailed description Problems and not the fact that instantly react to your request.
And how to work all this time?
Situations when it is necessary to compress items with a lot of force, in everyday life.
Here are a few of them:
For these actions, a press is required. The most popular design is hydraulic. The liquid is not compressed, so it is sufficient to equip the hydraulic device to compress - pressing, and you can develop actually unlimited effort.
These fixtures are compact enough. For example, the illustration shows the machine with a height of less than a meter, and the force it develops up to 10 tons. And manually controlled.
Such a press can be bought in the instrument store, however, the cost is quite high. If you look close to the design, you can see that the power element is very similar to the usual car bottle jack. It became possible to make it with your own hands.
Power elements Performed from steel thickness of at least 15 mm, or steel profile. As vertical racks, you can use the hairpin, corner, profile pipe, or the same channel.
Threaded heel is preferable, since it can be used to quickly adjust the size of the workspace.
It is such a scheme that take as a basis for understanding the design.
In the base (7) 20 mm thick, two studs screwed (4) Threaded at the bottom (5) And in the top, to adjust the height of the upper platform.
Studes (4) Move from the steel circle with a diameter of 30 mm. The upper thread is cut at the calculation of the lifting height of the rod of the jack with a small margin.
Bottle Hydraulic Jack (6) Installed on the base.
It is desirable to fix it there. Mounting can be taken removable to be able to use a jack in direct appointment.
Lower platform is vertically moved by stiletto (3) .
If the metal thickness is insufficient, the holes can be enhanced by bushings to prevent skewers.
Upper power platform (1) mounted on pins with powerful nuts (2) With the help of which the height of the workspace is carried out.
As a result, the power design of this type is obtained:
This is not an axiom, the design can be any, the ratio of the size of the more. Drawings You will develop on the basis of the presence of a material and type of hydraulic jack used.
The principle of operation is as follows - matrices (sleeves, punches) or other devices are fixed on the platforms, between which the part is processed. The jack rises in a traditional way - an effort occurs between the platforms, equal to the lifting capacity of the jack.
However, the most popular application of the design is the puller of bearings and sitenings when servicing the car. 
The design can be improved by adding adjustable puller traction. To do this, it is put on the top platform a P-shaped design of steel corner and thick threaded studs. 
On the bottom, the elongated nuts with woven M-shaped hooks are screwed on the studs. 
As a thrust rod, when the shaft is squeezed out from the bearing or silent block from the eye - you can use the shank from the cardan shaft or the semi-axis of a suitable diameter. Such a "device" is easy to find on the caring. 
The design is collected in 5 minutes, and the press turns into a powerful puller. You can remember how much the replacement of silent blocks is worth, and to calculate savings. 
As sleeves and couplings for pressing, it is well suited to fit the bearing of various diameter bearings.
And for dessert - somewhat exotic, but very popular use of the hydraulic press. Having made a simple device from a tray, an old aluminum pan and wooden chocks - you can easily press the juice from grapes or apples.
And if you work a little with a tree - from the homemade hydraulic press you can construct a real oil block. 
The usual car jack, plus a little smelting and unnecessary at first glance - and you will receive a set of tools that only industrial production and services could boast.
In conclusion video, in which it describes in detail how to make a press from the jack on the example of its own design.
If you plan to engage in the manufacture of fuel briquettes, paper harvesting or as a result of your economic activity, a redemption is formed in large quantities, then in order to save a place you need to get a press for waste paper. There are proven ways to manufacture such a press with their own hands.
For storage and imparting a "commodity type" waste paper, it is necessary to reduce it in the amount of or allocate a separate room for its storage. Attempting to jump on it with the whole family or invite friends from the Soumo section will not solve the problem.
This requires special press equipment of factory or homemade manufacturer, allowing you to reduce the waste paper in tens of times.
To offer to buy a factory mini-press, we will be careful. Its cost can reach 200 thousand rubles, and therefore it will accumulate to be painfully long. There is an option simpler - make it yourself. The press is quite universal, it is easy to convert into something else: for example, if you have a desire to do the waste paper, it will be enough to redeem it to repair vehicles.
The principle of operation of various types of presses is extremely simple. In the mechanical press, a musk force or energy of a working power plant is converted by the lever system into a pressure force, which is transmitted to the movable working surface. In a hydraulic, a similar effort is transmitted using a liquid using the principle of reporting vessels and the law of Pascal.
So you decided to make the press alone. Where to begin?
The design of the mechanical press is more simple, but the hydraulic press is distinguished by high power pressure. The decision on which the press is outdoor or desktop, as well as the issue of stationary directly depends on the mass of the equipment, the use of the power plant (engine).
Hydraulic press in the farm - the dream of any rural resident. Having high efficiency (80%), it performs high-quality pressing with several large dimensions and weights than that of mechanical, and somewhat more worse in maintenance. If the oil is timely changed, monitor the condition of valves, seals, level of fluid, the press of this type will be faithful to the truth for a long time.
The invention of the principle of operation of hydropress dated 1795 and is to use two interconnecting cylindrical vessels Various diameters with pistons. The greater the difference in the diameters of the cylinders (pistons), the greater the resulting force can give the press, since the forces acting on the pistons are proportional to the areas of these pistons. This is something resembles the movement of the car in the mountain on the first gear.
In our case, the hydraulic press is mounted on a massive bed (frame) a hydraulic jack with a movable rod that performs the function of the gulling element. The role of the power plant performs a jack.
With a mechanical or electrical injection of fluid in the main cylinder, an increase in internal pressure occurs. When the pressure increases in the jack, the liquid squeezes the rod with a davile platform (plunger) from the working cylinder in its end to the stationary part of the frame, reducing the distance to it and squeezing (pressing) in this space paper mass.
The hydraulic press is mounted on a massive bed (frame) hydraulic jack with movable rod
For the manufacture of the press it will be needed:
When creating the drawing, the size of the frame, racks, legs, plunger, direction of movement of the rod and fastening of the jack is determined.
From the rod and load capacity of the jack, the size, weight and performance of the installation are directly dependent.
For example, we present a set of material required in the manufacture of a press with a power unit with a load capacity of 16 tons.
We start with blanks. Armed with a meter, a grinder and hacksaw begin to measure and drink the pressure parts of the presses of the desired size. In the right places are placing holes. To the hydraulic jack we weld or screw the stubborn area and plunger. To the Plunger on the sides we weld the guide plates.
An example of a hydraulic press drawing
When collecting the press, we will proceed from the fact that the corners, the channels are already cut off, the plunger and a stubborn area (plate) are attached to the jack, and the guide plates are attached to the sides of the plunger.
Press Collection Stages:
1st stage
2nd stage
3rd stage
4th stage
And finally, the most difficult final action is trying to raise this Mahine and put on your feet.
To start pressing the waste paper, you need to place it under the plunger. You can make a form, and then you will have paper bars. Before the start of pressing, the paper can be mixed with water, then it will be formed into a more dense mass. Naturally, paper with various density And the press will be different. For example, corrugated cardboard in size will decrease multiple times. When wetting the waste paper, leave the paper after pressing, you do not need to create any special conditions for this.
The design is universal and without any alterations can be used to pressing or pressing not only waste paper, but also other materials.
Considering that the installation is not tested, increase pressure when pressing carefully and progressively, listening to the operation of the mechanisms and controlling the oil pressure in the jack. Overly to remind that the bolts must be twisted and clamped, welding seams - in integrity, stability - reliable.
Model simple mechanical press
A prerequisite for creating a press for waste paper is the correct selection of material. Stainless and easy-to-treat materials (aluminum, stainless steel and other metals with anti-corrosion coating, plexiglass, etc.), as water is used when using the manual press.
Before assembling the press, it is necessary to determine the size of the structure, for which it will be necessary to measure everything thoroughly and form the drawing.
The basis of the press is a frame of metal channels or corners, covered with metal sheets and enhanced by transverse beams.
The basis of the press is a frame of metal channels or corners, sheathered by metal sheets and amplified by transverse beams:
After collecting the metal box, we start forming the so-called piston:
After pressing, the wasteual mass is removed from the press and dried. As after squeezing by the hydraulic press, the mass extracted from the box is placed for drying on smooth surface on open air.
Rotationally movements nuts with lever or wheels, make the piston descend and scrape the waste
Thus, the method of operation of the press is very simple, which makes it possible to easily compress the waste paper even in a limited space, for example, a garage or shed.
An unusually simple manual is a compact manual paper press, according to the principle of action resembling a kitchen duty for garlic.
After fixing the design on the wall, everything is ready for checking a mechanical manual paper press.
First you need to grind paper using the mixer:
Remove the formed briquette from the manual press by opening a folding bottom cover on the box. Dried waste paper briquettes can be used with confidence in solid fuel boilers in domestic conditions for heating houses.
On the above principle of operation, a stationary manual press for waste paper can be constructed with greater loading and performance. Dimensions and shapes of the box or container for loading the waste paper may be different.
Dried waste paper briquettes can be used with confidence in solid fuel boilers in domestic conditions for heating houses. Removing a generated briquette of a manual press by opening a folding bottom cover on the box manipulation of pressing several times to achieve the effect of maximum compression of the waste paper after loading the waste paper is inserted into the box and the lever is accompanied by a force down until the alternative hand-made press pavement diagram is attached to the wall after filling The box is inserted piston for further offication. Formed paper mass fit into a metal pen Press Preparation of raw materials - crushed wet waste paper.
Currently, collecting a press for waste paper is not too much difficult. There are enough medium skills that most residents of our country have for collecting and making parts. All the necessary material for the press can be found in the paragraph of accepting scrap metal, and the rest to buy in specialized stores or markets.
The design of the press, hydraulic and all the more mechanical, is an elementary mechanism that does not require any energy costs. Unpretentious in operation, convenient and easy to use.
Such an invention, as a homemade press for waste paper, will be a good "assistant" in the economy and an indispensable "associate" in the sphere of utilization of waste of the pulp industry.
