Such a complex device as a gas water heater serves for quite a long time, care and operation is carried out according to the instructions attached to this unit. But all things deteriorate and sometimes minor or major repairs of gas water heaters or their prevention are necessary. As well as replacing some of the components of the gas column.
The internal structure of flow-through gas water heaters is of the same type and almost does not differ from different manufacturers. The main difference may be in additional options (display, automatic gas ignition, second temperature sensor, etc.), appearance device or in construction.
A heat exchanger is installed inside - a finned copper tube through which a water flow moves. A burner standing under the heat exchanger heats up the tube and the water passing inside it heats up. With a low water pressure or its absence, the incoming flow is blocked by a valve (curtain), to which a spark ignition switch is attached. This is for fire safety.
To repair a faulty gas water heater or prevent a gas leak (if you smell), you need to call a gas water heater repairman. But if you decide to call the workers of Gorgaz, then do not think that they will immediately come, sometimes they refuse to come, explaining that the repair should be carried out by the company (or store) that installed gas water heater.
Attention! Use only companies that have the necessary certifications to operate this equipment.
Now there are a lot of "left" companies divorced. and calling the workers of such organizations to their homes brings a number of other problems. Many craftsmen, seeing your incompetence in this area, find non-existent faults in the gas column or deliberately inflate prices.
To increase the safety of the population, it is prescribed that malfunctions associated with gas equipment be eliminated by employees of the relevant service. But there are some problems that you can fix yourself. If you know how to hold the tool in your hands, you can repair the gas water heater with your own hands.
It is not very difficult if you know the typical problems of these water heaters. Below we will tell you about the most common of them and show you how to fix this or that breakdown. And let's start by setting up the unit.
Adjusting the height of the burner flame - the closer to the maximum the hot water is.
Adjusting the water flow - the closer to the maximum, the greater the flow, therefore, the water is colder.
Winter / Summer - the mode of using the speaker at different times of the year. In winter, the power is greater than in summer.
Not all masters know how to properly set up a gas water heater and simply do not do it, leaving it as it is (by default). But we do not recommend leaving the factory settings and making adjustments yourself.
In the future, you can adjust the temperature with another knob (supply of heated water).
When adjusting the speaker, sometimes unpleasant moments arise. The new column either turns on at a very low pressure, or does not want to start at all. It depends on the increased or decreased water pressure in the pipeline and is eliminated in the following ways.
With our water quality, the heat exchangers in the gas columns are clogged with scale quite quickly and very much, which reduces their thermal conductivity and increases gas consumption.
The longest, in time, process - cleaning the main tube(radiator) from deposits arising from heating tap water... If you turn the gas knob all the way, and the outgoing water is barely warm, then this indicates that the heat exchanger is clogged with ordinary scale, which does not transfer heat well.
This happens quite often in the case of a gas water heater without auto-ignition (with an igniter). Scale also forms if you set the water heating temperature too high. The unit overheats, the tube (radiator) heats up to 80-850, which contributes to the rapid (a little over an hour) the appearance of scale. Isn't it better to just turn off the speaker in time? Then there will be no problems, because 40-600 is enough for all washing and washing processes.
Check the inlet cock or valve before starting work on the heat exchanger. Maybe the whole reason is their clogging. But if they are working properly, it is necessary to get rid of the deposits in the tube.
There are two ways to deal with the scale problem. We'll look at both options.
The Cillit KalkEx cleaning system does its job pretty well. With its help, you can quickly clean any boilers from scale. Unfortunately, it is not very accessible for ordinary users of gas water heaters.
This is an expensive method using a special device.(Cillit KalkEx) and a set of special preparations for flushing. Your speaker does not even need to be removed from the wall. You just need to disconnect the water hoses (inlet / outlet).
The purification device is connected to the column, and it runs the heated reagents in a closed loop (in a circle). Scale under their action decomposes, is washed out and drained.
Cheap but time consuming and laborious process... For its implementation, it is necessary to disassemble the water heater almost completely and then rinse it manually.
The following materials and tools will help us with this:
To remove the heat exchanger, proceed as follows:
After the water has completely disappeared, we put the hose on the heat exchanger tube and raise it above the column level. Slowly, pour the solution prepared by us into the hose and leave the column for 4-6 hours.
Next, you need to slightly open the water supply tap and watch the water that will come out of the column, if you saw a lot of scale, then our work was not in vain - we got rid of it... If there is no scale in the outgoing water, then we repeat the whole process again.
Failure of the igniter system can occur from poor pressure water. Open any tap with cold water and check the pressure, if it is weak, then you can call the ZhEK and find out what the problem is.
If the column does not ignite when water is supplied or turns on only at a very high pressure, then the problem is most likely in the membrane, which, due to wear, does not react well to the water passing through it. In this case, it must be replaced.
A temperature sensor is installed on each gas column, which makes sure that the column does not overheat in case of failure the column may turn off spontaneously during operation... It usually looks like this:
After normal operation, for some time, the heater "stalls" for 20 minutes. After this time, it can be turned on for the same period of time. The malfunction, as a rule, is seasonal and appears only in summer or winter with closed windows.
The device turns off when it wants and then does not light up... This can happen when the sensor wire is shorted to the body. Check wires are intact and well insulated.
In order to check the sensor itself for operability, two contacts should be removed from it and short-circuited with a needle, a paper clip, a piece of tin. If gas appliance turns on and works - the sensor needs to be changed.
If you see similar spots on your column, then be sure that it is leaking and needs repair.
This malfunction can occur mainly in gas water heaters that have been operating for a long time. The two main reasons for the leak are:
Tubes (bends) or gaskets in the joints are cracked.
Replacing a radiator or taps is quite expensive. Therefore, there is a reason to repair the gas column on your own. For repairs you need:
Due to the harsh operating conditions, the radiator or bends can burn out and holes appear on them. If you have determined where the leak is, then you can repair the small hole with an ordinary soldering iron.
Preparing the gas water heater for repair
When you have found the leaks, you need to do the following:
Attention! In some cases, with holes of about 5 cm, the craftsmen apply a "temporary" patch of copper or aluminum plate, securing it with a thick wire or metal tape. But as a rule, such a "temporary" solution remains for a long time. We recommend replacing the radiator completely and forgetting about its leaks.
Replacing flexible hoses of this type does not require special skills; anyone can do it with a wrench.
Very often, leaks are formed in the places where the outlets are connected to the outside of the heater or to the internal assemblies of the column. All connections are made by "American" with gaskets inside.
Due to constant heating / cooling, the rubberized liners either melt or lose their properties and harden. Cracks appear in them, along which water flows.
If you notice a gas column leak in such connections, then replace the gaskets. Using a wrench (mostly 24), unscrew the nut and replace.
It also happens that the flanges on the pipes crack over time - in this case, you need to replace the entire pipes.
Be sure to change the batteries in the gas column in time, because if they are dead, your column will start to emit pops when it is turned on. Also, due to dead batteries, the column may turn off spontaneously.
These startup and operating sounds indicate the following:
On your own, you can only eliminate the malfunctions described in the last two points.
This can happen for several reasons.
You can only adjust the temperature and clean the column yourself.
Remember! Self-adjustment of the gas column and troubleshooting requires special care. In case of poor-quality work, not only you can suffer, but also completely innocent people. At the slightest lack of confidence in your abilities, it is worth contacting the professionals of the gas service.
Set instantaneous water heaters started back in the days when there was no hot water supply. Old-style models are still found in some "Stalin" and "Khrushchev" buildings. However, residents modern houses do not refuse to install heating equipment, which is associated with seasonal outages.
It should only be taken into account that the models of the old and new model differ somewhat in the type of control. How to use a gas water heater correctly? If you have any difficulties with this, then our article will help you solve them.
It is easier to remember the rules for using the device when you understand its structure. Regardless of the manufacturer, all gas water heaters - "Neva", "" and others - have the same design. Only the location of the nodes can change.
Main nodes:
The lining of the column is made in the form of a metal casing - in some models it has a viewing window. The panel contains power and temperature controls. Electronic control complemented by a display.
Ignition unit. Depending on the type of ignition, the product has a piezo ignition or electronic battery switch.
Electronic devices can be equipped with a flame controller. With a reduced pressure, the modulator allows you to adjust the heating power so as to obtain the set water heating temperature.
Manifold with outlet. Located at the top. Pipes are connected to the branch pipe for the removal of combustion products to the street. In devices with a closed combustion chamber, the collector is located at the bottom and is equipped with a fan for forced removal of combustion. These are turbocharged models such as "Neva Turbo", "Neva Lux 8224", Bosch WTD.
Loudspeakers brand"Astra" and "" are produced only with open chamber combustion.
Heat exchanger (radiator) is the main part in the water heater. Water flows through its pipes, which is heated by a burner. A quality radiator is made of pure copper. If impurities are added to the alloy, then the node quickly burns out and leaks. Read the article « » to find out more about his device.
Burner is located under the radiator. A reliable body must be made of steel. The part distributes the flame to the nozzles for uniform heating of the heat exchanger.
Gas unit can be on top of the water (in older models) or to the right of it. The work is regulated by turning on and off the gas.
Water block is located nearby, thanks to it, fuel enters the system. When the water starts up, pressure builds up in the system, which causes the rubber membrane to bend. It pushes the stem, which turns the fuel valve.
An ignition device is located near the burner. Also, the equipment is equipped with protection sensors:
When one of the sensors is triggered, the device turns off.
Electrical diagram of the device:
There are a number of regulations and rules according to which the use of gas equipment... Let's consider the basic requirements for open columns:
Columns with an open combustion chamber are most at risk for gas leaks. If you smell, then:
Before starting the appliance, check the presence of draft in the chimney.
There are two "popular" ways to check:
It also happens that everything is in order with the mine, but there is no traction. The room may not be ventilated, so there is no supply of combustion air.
Before turning on any equipment, there must be water in the heat exchanger. Therefore, first open the water valve.
Electric models:
With a long break in the operation of the device, an air lock forms inside, due to which the burner does not ignite the first time. The way out: open and close the mixer several times until ignition occurs.
Semi-automatic devices:
Launching modern technology is not difficult. But what about the old-style product?
A device with a manual ignition is considered obsolete. The design provides for constant burning of the wick and manual shutdown. Ignition occurs from a burning match, less often - with the help of a piezo ignition. These include: "Iskra KGI-56", series L, GVA, VPG. They are equipped with a turn signal or a lever for temperature regulation.
The principle of operation is the same as that of modern models... The only difference is in the features of turning on the heating. If you are launching for the first time, then you should know that:
For ignition, it is more convenient to use long matches that reach the igniter well.
KGI-56 launch
Turn off the fuel and water valves. Now turn the left adjuster all the way to the left. Hold the button solenoid valve if it is provided in the product. Continuing to press the button, ignite the igniter with a match. After that:
Done, you can go take a shower.
Switching on type L, GVA, VPG devices
Start as with other types with gas and water supply. Move the handle on the panel to the first position. Press the valve actuation button and bring the match to the igniter. Hold the button for another 10 seconds. In the same way as in the first case, turn on the tap and quickly turn the regulator to the maximum mark. After ignition, use can be started.
It takes ~ 3 minutes to read
A gas water heater (water heater) is the simplest and most economical solution for hot water supply in a home. This device is installed in many private houses and apartments. Old houses are likely to have early equipment. It is not only ineffective, but also dangerous. In this case, the installation of a modern type gas water heater is simply necessary. Such speakers comply with safety rules, are easy to use, and have a low cost.
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It is not hard to guess that electrical equipment can cause accidents. Therefore, there are rules for installing a gas water heater, standards, failure to comply with which threatens with problems with the law. This is correct, because rash decisions of the speaker owner can lead to tragedy.
Connecting a gas water heater on your own is an extremely dangerous activity. In accordance with government regulations, only services with a special license for installation can carry out these works (same with heating). However, it is allowed to replace the old device with a new one, but it is not possible to thoroughly install it from scratch.
Below are the standards for installing a gas water heater according to SNiP, they are valid for both apartments and private houses in Moscow.
These were the latest SNiP norms. The old ones are somewhat different. If you have an old type column in the bathroom, you can replace it with a new one - this will not be a violation of the law.
Initial installation is often costly and a lot of documentation. However, this fact does not discourage apartment owners.
In the absence of a gas pipeline in the house, you will have to lay the gas supply lines yourself. This will require a lot of funds, so it is advisable to team up with neighbors who also want to install speakers.
What stages of documentation should the owner go through?
First, to obtain consent from gas distributors and transporters for the supply of gas and for the installation of a land plot under the gas pipeline. Plus, calculate consumption and get an extract with technical conditions.
Second, create a project. This includes the conclusion of a contract, the collection of all documents and their thorough examination, obtaining permission from the inspections.
Thirdly, after the completion of the assembly work, an agreement must be concluded with GORGAZ and OBLGAZ.
It is impossible to legalize such activities without the appropriate documents. Below is a list of them.
Now we come to the actual installation gas water heater in the apartment. After you have managed to register the activity in all inspections, install gas lines, receive a full set of documentation and fulfill all technical conditions, setting up a gas water heater will not be difficult.
Main steps:
The norms for installing a gas water heater in an apartment assume the correct placement of equipment. First of all, they are based on the installation of the hood in accordance with all the rules, the convenience of the location of the water heater and the possibility of communications.
The volume of the room must exceed 8m3.
The wall on which the unit is hung must be fireproof. Otherwise, a galvanized metal sheet with a thickness of up to 1 mm is used. If we talk about at what height to hang the gas water heater, then everything is for sure - from the side panel to the wall at least 15 cm and at least 60 cm of free space in front of the front panel.
In a living space, you can either place a new appliance in the kitchen, or replace an old one in the bathroom. About how to install a gas water heater in a private house, we can say that the installation rules are the same as in apartment building... These were the requirements for installing a gas water heater in an apartment, private housing. It can also be placed in non-residential specialized premises with appropriate permits.
If you need to replace the column, then first of all we dismantle the old device. Be sure to check the quality of the valve closure for gas pipe to avoid gas leakage. All valves in the water supply must be closed.
Now disconnect all pipes and a flexible gas hose from the column. The chimney is also dismantled. The column is removed (after detaching the front panel).
Very often the wall needs cosmetic repair... Old fasteners are removed, and the holes are filled with a special solution.
For a fine installation, the wall is leveled. A special adapter is connected to the chimney for connecting the corrugation. pipes.
You will need:
To gain access to the water heater fasteners, you need to remove the front panel. Further, according to the marking of these fasteners, mark on the wall the places where the anchors or hooks are attached. The location of the marks must be checked by level. Using a drill, holes are drilled (2.4 pcs.), Where anchors or dowels are then placed.
Most modern models have a plate that is primarily attached to the wall. This greatly simplifies the installation of the gas column. The plate is applied to the wall, leveled, and the attachment points are marked.
Drill a hole at the desired height and fix the plate, mark it with a level. Next, drill the remaining holes. This completes the installation.
It remains to fix the water heater. Set the bezel aside to avoid damage (it is too early to attach).
The chimney for the column is most often corrugated flexible pipe of steel. Walk along the wall with a puncher, then insert the chimney. The remaining gap is either closed non-combustible insulation, or just filled with foam.
When installing the equipment for the first time, a gas pipe is required. This work is carried out exclusively by specialists of gas services who have the appropriate permits. To do this, you will have to fill out an application and invite masters. They will be engaged in tapping the tee into the pipe going to the plate. A pipe is connected to the tee and then moves to the installation site.
If you know exactly the model of the device, bring the tube to the place of its joint in order to avoid using flexible hose... Note that there is a gas valve in front of the connection. First of all, the column is installed on the wall, and therefore the gas pipe is supplied to it.
An even easier way is to bring the edge of the pipe up to 50 cm to the installation site and complete the path by connecting a gas valve. In this case, you do not have to rely on the work schedule of the gas service masters, and carry out the installation at a convenient time.
A pipe with cold water is directed to the device, and hot wiring is carried out throughout the house. It is better to connect to the water heater using an American (connection with a movable nut).
Be sure to place ball valves in the hot and cold water lines as shut-off valves.
The durability of the heat exchanger depends on the purity of the water. Therefore, it is advisable to install a filter.
There are two ways to lay pipes:
Check for seams before starting. Gas and water pipes must be tight. To check if this is the case, there is a tried and tested way:
treat all connections and fittings with soapy water;
The launch is carried out according to the instructions of the purchased device. Another important step is customization. It is produced using a pressure gauge (the price of this device can vary greatly depending on the functionality). The gas pressure is affixed with the adjustment bolt, and the air supply - with the shaber.
Despite the widest range of electrical heating appliances on the market, the gas water heater is still one of the most popular means of heating a house and providing it hot water... This is a fairly economical option, since it allows you to simultaneously provide several drainage points in the house. Another advantage of gas water heaters can be considered the fact that they allow you to use hot water, practically unlimited, without any restrictions.
The geyser device looks like this.
Two pipes are connected to the gas column. The first of them is designed for gas supply, the second - for cold water supply. In addition, a pair of burners is located at the bottom, one auxiliary, one main.
Important! The device of the gas column can be different, depending on the method of ignition - it (ignition) can be electronic, manual and with the help of a piezoelectric element.
Such devices are designed to provide hot water for household and industrial facilities... The essence of their work is quite simple: cold water from the pipeline enters the column heat exchanger, where it is heated by burners (they are located under the heat exchanger). As you know, fire needs oxygen, so that the burners do not go out, the column is connected to ventilation system houses / apartments. The exhaust gas is eliminated by means of a special chimney, which is combined exclusively with a gas water heater.
What to look for when choosing a water heater
All the described types of columns function somewhat differently.
So, if the device is turned on manually, that is, the gas has to be ignited with matches, the burner will ignite from the fact that you turn the fuel supply valve. Although it is worth noting that such designs have long been outdated. Modern designs equipped with either an electronic ignition or a piezoelectric element.
New models are activated at the touch of a button located on the front panel of the device. Piezo ignition creates a spark that ignites the pilot. In the future, everything happens in automatic mode - the tap opens, the column lights up, hot water begins to flow.
If the gas water heater is fired up electronically, then it is perhaps the most reliable and durable device. The system is turned on by means of a pair of batteries supplying the charge necessary for the formation of a spark. No buttons, no matches, the only thing you need to do to turn it on is to turn on the tap. In most cases, batteries last a very long time because the energy to charge is minimal.
The use of gas water heaters, however, like any other equipment, is accompanied by malfunctions, frequent or rare. At the same time, there are such malfunctions that can only be eliminated by specialists who have necessary knowledge and admission. But there are those that can be easily eliminated with your own hands, so we will consider them.
Video - sensor malfunction
Important! You can check the draft of the chimney in the old "old-fashioned" way: bring a lighted match to it. If the fire on the match deflects in the direction of the chimney, then everything is in order with it. If this did not happen, then he needs a complete cleaning.
It is for this reason that the gas water heater should be inspected annually - this is the only way it will work correctly.
Modern gas water heaters are small and compact, so they can be placed in almost any convenient place. Their service life depends largely on how correctly they are installed and used in the future.
As you know, the device of the gas water heater is such that it has to work with a rather dangerous fuel. For this reason, during installation, make sure that, God forbid, there is no gas leakage. If you cannot, for one reason or another, take care of this, or, even worse, cannot eliminate all the leaks, then further operation will turn into a dangerous activity that sooner or later can lead to an explosion.
For this reason, it is categorically not recommended to install a gas water heater with your own hands. It is better to have professionals who have all the necessary skills, experience, and the appropriate equipment to do this.
So, for installation, you need the following tools:
The device is installed only in the kitchen and only on the wall, which is made of refractory material. The distance from the column to the wall surface should be at least 2 centimeters, if it turns out more, then this is even better. An asbestos sheet should also be laid here, which must have a minimum thickness of 0.3 centimeters.
Important! The apartment / house must have a chimney that will remove the products of gas combustion. It will consist not only of vertical, but also of horizontal sections, and on them it must go at a slope (approximately 0.2 centimeters per each running meter).
So that the pipeline does not accidentally burst, the gas column should be installed only when the water is completely drained from the system.
But editing, as we have already said, is not the most important thing. It is also important that the device is used correctly, for which certain operating rules must be followed. If you do not do this, then even the most expensive and high-quality model will soon break down. So we want to prevent this from happening. Firstly, we must not heat the water to a temperature that would exceed 60 degrees. The point is that too much heat will lead to the formation of salt scale on the walls of the heat exchanger. The result is more frequent cleaning or, even worse, replacement of the heat exchanger.
In addition, we can damage the structure of the heat exchanger by using too hard water. To avoid this, the water should be softened by using special means, or install a special filter in the system.
If you decide to purchase a geyser device for yourself, then pay attention, first of all, to the power of the model you have chosen. It should be enough to provide all your family members with hot water. The power of almost all modern models fits into the range from 3 to 60 kilowatts.
Important! The more powerful the gas water heater, the greater the volume of water it will be able to heat up within a certain period of time.
The average “cell of society”, consisting of four people, needs a device with an average capacity of 16-24 kilowatts. It is more than enough for the dishes to be washed and everyone was able to take a shower. Even if the device has low power 16 kilowatts, then he will be able to give 10 liters of hot water, which is enough so that you can wash and wash dishes at the same time. Of course, if you can, then buy a column with a capacity of 24 kilowatts, since it can provide 24 liters of heated water.
In addition, it is advisable to take into account the water temperature that a specific model can provide. For its designation, the Latin letters DT are used. For example, if water is already supplied to the heat exchanger with a temperature of 12 degrees, then it will heat up to 24 in it. therefore, it can be used even without prior dilution.
Today there are models that are capable of heating water even up to 50 degrees. Their power, as well as the cost, is an order of magnitude higher than conventional models. For this reason, if several plumbing elements are simultaneously connected to the system at once, then it is better to purchase a more powerful column so that it can provide them all with hot water at the same time.
Also, when buying a gas water heater, see if it is equipped with safety sensors. They are of the following types:
And remember: gas water heaters are only allowed to be installed in the kitchen! Installation of a gas water heater in the bathroom is prohibited! Unless she (the bathroom) meets all existing requirements.
As a conclusion
So, we have sorted out what a gas water heater is, what are its features, what malfunctions may arise during operation and how to fix them later. We only note that such devices are extremely economical, especially in light of the ever-increasing utility rates. And the last thing: do not forget that preventive maintenance of the column's performance should be carried out annually.
2017-03-10 Evgeny Fomenko
Consider the typical malfunctions of the Mila gas water heater, and what repairs you can do yourself. For example, take the automatic model Milla HSV 10 LCD with open type combustion chambers. Everything renovation work are made after closing the gas valve in the apartment.
One of the most common breakdowns is heat exchanger tube leakage. The manufacturer tries to make the pipe walls thin, thereby reducing heat loss. One of the side effects of this is that it increases the likelihood of fistula formation.
If water slowly begins to drip from the bottom of the Mila water heater, you need to remove the casing and carefully inspect the heat exchanger. Large holes will be noticeable by drops of water, smaller ones by rusty traces of a greenish tint. Since the heat exchanger is most the prices of the entire device, you can do a partial repair with your own hands:
After the fistula is eliminated, water is pumped into the column and its operation is checked with both cold and heated liquid. It can be additionally carried out with a dry napkin to make sure there are no small smudges.
The next common failure is deformation of the water block membrane. She is responsible for opening the gas at a sufficiently strong water pressure. Since it is flexible and made of silicone or rubber, it can stretch or tear over time.
Signs of this will be too little or no flame. Also, water may start to flow out from under the cover of the water unit.
To replace the membrane, the casing is removed and the union nuts are unscrewed at the place where the pipes are connected to the water unit. Next, the bolts are unscrewed from the cover and the membrane is removed. It is important to buy exactly the same model, the markings can be found in the instruction manual or go to the store with a filmed example. When installing, do not confuse the sides and align all the holes. After replacement, the device is assembled in the same way.
The column may not light up if nutrients have sat in it. In this case, a spark is produced, but its power is not sufficient to ignite. The control electrode does not give a signal and the gas is not started. This is solved by replacing the batteries. To do this, you do not need to disassemble the water heater, the container is at the bottom. It is best to purchase expensive alkaloid batteries that will last many times longer.
If replacing the batteries did not solve the problem, the column control unit could fail. In this case, you need to contact specialists who will find what exactly is faulty in the electronics.
