In the construction of any house there are moments when it is impossible to cope without a professional. Fortunately, in the case of the installation of the roasters, it is quite possible to do with your own hands and the skills that already exist. The main thing is to understand the device of the root, for which it is needed, the principles of its installation and additional processing.
Before we tell about the doom, you need to understand the structure of the roof.
The roof is a coating of any building. It protects the inside of the house from precipitation, wind, temperature drops. The roof consists of two or more rods - inclined planes, in turn consisting of a rafter design and doom. If the rods are two, then their horizontal closure is called a skate, and the edge of the rod protruding over the wall - Svet.
Slinge system four-tight roof ready to floor lace
The rafter - carrying construction, which consists of:
Dooming - solid or lattice flooring, securing on rafting legs.
Horizontal-oriented doomit ishes on rafters The roof is "cake" consisting of a fitting on a shepherd roofing and the underlying layers of the insulation, wind-and steam-savings.
The roof is cold (insulated by the attic) and warm (under the cut insulation, hydro and vapor barrier). The latter, in particular, is used for residential mansard.
Roofing pie in the most complete configuration requires a complex design of the root If the attic can be caught roofing without heat insulation, the waterproofing is always required.
Dooming performs the following functions:
Condensate on the inside of the roof causes rotting of the root, rafters, wetting and thereby worsens Heat insulating quality insulation.
The design (type of laying) and the material of the doors are selected depending on the following factors:
There are two classifications of the doors - by type of laying and the number of layers.
By type of laying, the lamp is divided into two varieties.
By the number of layers, the lamp is divided into three varieties.
The hydrobarier for protecting the insulation from condensate is created with the help of waterproofing materials - a subcoase microporphorized film, roofing pergamine or rubberoid, which is placed by horizontal sheets on rafters, starting from below from the sink.
For different types of dohes, different materials or combinations thereof are suitable.
Shield materials are convenient because they have a perfectly smooth surface and allow you to close a significant area at once. For the roof, the following products usually use.
The long side of the shield is placed in parallel with the skate, the shields themselves - in a checker order. The edges are attached to the rafters along the entire length of nails or self-drawing every 15 centimeters. Between the sheets should be a gap of 3-7 mm to compensate for a linear expansion in the heat.
Single-layer OSP Gearing is easily done if the step of the rafter coincides with the size of the shields We give some auxiliary data.
Pluses of a shield dryer:
The most commonly used material for the label. Preferred coniferous breeds humidity no more than 20%. Depending on the conditions, a edged or circulating board is used. The sawn timber is wider than 15 centimeters not worth using, as it is much more prone to the charge. The boards with a gap between them are 3-5 mm (with a continuous doom) and with a predetermined step (with a rarefied idle) are attached to the rafters of nails, the length of which should be equal to the twisted thickness of the oracle.
The board for solid dohes should not have defects - bitch and cracks If the rafter step is more than 80 centimeters, instead of the board it is better to apply a bar in cross section 50x50 mm or more. A 30x50 mm bar is usually coming to the counterclaim.
For controlled and dohes, a timber is used by a cross section, respectively, 30x50 mm and 50x70 mm The tree should be dried (raw robbing when it dries out, and nails fall out of it) and the antiseptic and anti-spires are processed.
Sometimes for the purpose of saving to the doom, the porch is a flat side up.
Pros of the boards when creating a doom:
Structures with risk of fire or having metal carcass carriers (Production buildings, garages) are chosen from a metal profile. It is used on the buildings of the remaining types, if the length of their rods is more than 6 meters.
For a metal rafter system, it is logical to apply a metallic profile hat Metallic is only a rarefied doom.
Metal elements for dohes are classified by:
Metal doomb is attached with self-drawing or welding (if slinge system also from metal). Most often for its manufacture use a hat profile.
Hat profile lamb can be used on the roofs of almost any form Pluses of metallic dohes:
The average figures of the value of the material in our study, I found it difficult. Too many variables: cross-section of the board and timber and their quantity depend on the design of the root, material and roof area. There are many calculators in the network: when you enter all the data, we receive the price. I recommend the Site Calculator Stroyday - in my opinion, he is the most suspended and full.
Using the calculator from the Site Stroyday, you can calculate and cut, and a solid doom In the same way, I can only bring only the average number of the cost of work of professional masters in recalculation per square meter.
For the manufacture of dohes, we will need the following materials.
In addition, you will need a standard toolkit.
Let us dwell on some types of roofing more.
The soft roof includes rolled and piece material (bituminous tile).
Under the soft rolled crumbling materials - rubberoid, metalism, polymer-bitumen materials, polymer membranes are required for solid floor-layer or two-layer type flooring, better from shields.
This bumbly under the soft roof is made correctly. Hats nails should be recessed, swirls in the planks of the steps. On the slot wider centimeter should be strains of tin. In places, the inflection of the coatings of the sharp edge of the shield, the bar or the boards should be rounded by the plane or even trim the roofing strip of the roofing tin.
Ruberoid is easy to put on a solid millet adhesive Stop the roof is needed in dry days so that the tree flooring goes under the roof in a dry form.
Bituminous tile, despite the name, also refers to a soft roof. It is made from the glass cholester (base), bitumen and stone granulate. Here, only a solid double or single doombtter from any material also applies here. It is important to make a perfectly smooth surface.
Bituminous tile also need to be laid on a solid foundation Folding roof is made of metal sheets or rolls: steel with polymer coating, copper, aluminum or zinc, connected by the so-called fold. Falves are single and double, each of which, in turn, can be lying or standing. Lying folds, as a rule, close the horizontal seams, standing - vertical.
Different types of folds are used in different situations and provide different degrees of tightness of the compounds. It is now rare, but still it happens that the roof lies with the traditional galvanized gland, and the folder's folders will manually make a manual.
Galvanized iron roof can only be done professional But much more often uses special roofing sheets - patterns of 0.55x8 m with ready-made self-catering folds.
Ideally, the folding roof is placed on a solid inches covered with hydro and vaporizolation. Requirements for a solid doomer are the same as in the case of laying a soft roof, only the presence of slots is not so scary. It does not avoid it in the case of small, up to 15 o, slope of the skate, and for complex architectural solutions of the roof. In other cases, it can be saved on a solid doom.
Self-challenging folds - a brilliant invention, they reliably combine the pictures under the usual press on the seam When using a rarefied outbreak, it is important to correctly determine its step and stick to it, otherwise the roofing metal will be fed. The most reasonable step is about 20 centimeters. Bar 50x50 mm is used, 32x100 mm board or metal profile. Under the metal coating is required by a hydrobarier with a controlled.
The breadwinner is mounted from the sink, in areas of overhangs, joints and intersections it is recommended to make solid areas from the boards. Due to the possible corrosion of metal, wood is especially important to handle the antiseptic in advance or even paint. In any case, you need to drown and paint the nails hats.
I will share observation. I changed laid in 1926 the roof of my house. The builders were used then for the roasting hill in a step of about fifty centimeters - of course, without counterfeiting and waterproofing, and a thick neoscinal iron lay on the roof. Due to this, and also - a large bias of the roof and regular color, it is satisfactorily preserved outside. But when these sheets were removed from the roof, we saw that they were deeply rushed from the inside. And the rust walked with stripes - in those places where the porridge did not lie down to the gland and air affected the metal attic room. What I did the right conclusions: replaced not only iron, but also a doom - on a solid, with a competently created hydrobarier.
Metal tile - something average between slate and a metal sheet with a coated sheet. Under it is made and solid doomed, and cutting - with a step equal to the step of the wave of metal tiles. Here is also required to lay the hydrober and counterclaims.
Typical dimensions of metal tile sheets are convenient because they are easy to determine the necessary step of the root The pitch of the sparse gentle must accurately correspond to the wave step of typical metal tile - 350-400 millimeters. It is enough to use a timing of a 40x40 mm cross section or a cutting board of 25x100 mm.
The pitch of the lap under metal tile is easy to calculate in the distance between the ridges of the metal tile In the areas of overhangs, joints and intersections of the roof, we need a solid flooring, so that the metal tile of the screws do not fall into the air during the fixation of the challenges.
In the area of \u200b\u200bthe skate, a rarefied idle is inferior to a solid Slate (schiefer - slate) - a generalized name of facing wall and roofing building materials, most often under this word understand asbestos-cement or shale slate.
Wikipediahttps://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80.
Slate is wavy and flat. Although the slate fragile itself, the wavy material is much stronger due to the ringer of rigidity, therefore it is used much more often. It is divided into two types in height and a wave step: 40/150 mm and 54/200 mm.
Slate sheets differ in the amount and size of the waves Under the slate, the doom is most often built from the bar, always perpendicular to the rafters. For small sheets (1200 × 680 mm), the pitch is about 50 cm, and the cross section of the bar is 50x50 mm. For unified sheets (1750 × 1125 cm) Step is about 80 cm, and the cross section of the bar is 75x75 mm.
The sheet must lie at least three bars, often put it on four. To achieve a uniform load, the tight contact of the sheets with a flooring and each other in the place of the flasks have to use the bars of different heights: with a three-barrucing support, the former bars should be 3 millimeters thicker, with a four-row - the second and third bars, respectively, 2 and 4 millimeters above Main. The cornized bar is made above 6 mm. At the same time, the bar of different sections is either used, or its height changes with a rubberoid or chip lining. In the areas of sinks, joints and crossings of the skates, it is recommended to make solid areas from the boards.
Bruks of different heights are used for the sheath under slate All these laws work for both Ondulin (euroshifer). Ondulin, first made in 1944 in France, is similar to slate, but color, four times easier and does not contain harmful asbestos. Only you need to change the pitch of the labels for the size of the Ondulin sheet, equal to 2000x950x3 mm:
Grubel under the tiles - the top of the qualification of the roofing master. Tile - one of the most ancient roofing materials, practically non-subjected to wear.
The quality and service life of ceramic tiles are tested by centuries I grew up in the house on Earth. There was a barn near the gate, my grandfather was also covered with ceramic tiles. How much I remember, the tile always remained unchanged. Moreover, when the shed demolished, I sold this tile, she was neatly disassembled and taken away. It must be assumed, she continues to delight the new owner, although she is more than a hundred years.
Now the tile is:
Disadvantages of traditional ceramic tile - fragility, severity, high price. Cement-sand cheaper, but has the same problems. Therefore, a polymer-sand tile was created from the molten polymer and sand.
The length of one shard is summed from the length of the working part, sink and spike. The spike of the previous element is covered by the next.
The roofing bag must be laid extremely accurately, the place of the junction of the elements was on the boards For the tile, a rarefied drying of a bar of 50x50 mm is needed, for more severe ceramic and cement-sand - 60x60 mm. A hydrobarrier and a controlled or a peculiar double structure are needed when a rarefied drying lies on a solid flooring with a hydrobarier.
In most cases, the cut and a controlled under the tile laid in a standard way to waterproofing Home fineness - Calculation of the step of the root, equal to the covering length of the tiles, and the most accurate embodiment of these calculations in practice. Skat must be covered with a whole number of shards in length and width. There are a lot of tile sizes, so the desired step of the root rush is fluctuated between 15 and 40 centimeters. The skate bars are put with an indentation from the ends of the rafted so that the tile of the skate rows is not closed. The gap closes the skunk tiles. In areas of soles, joints and crossings of the skates, it is necessary to make solid areas from the boards.
Ceramic tile coating needs special styling The speed of the root of the root troughs will increase greatly if you make a template with a length equal to the tile length.
Using a template for a root under the tile will greatly facilitate the life of the master Dranca, it is shingles and sindel - flat plates for roofs made of wood. It can be said that this is a wooden tile.
Ringing roofing needs a rarefied but frequent doom Since it is lighter than real tiles, then the bar for laying doomles thinner: 40 × 40 or 50 × 50 mm. The step is calculated not only depending on the size of the drank, but also on the number of its layers. More often used a double lap of the same type as for ordinary tiles.
The number of layers of the racing roof dictates and the pitch of the root In order to avoid rotting rafters, the loss of thermal insulation qualities of the insulation from wetting and penetration into the roof of rodents the lower side of the rafter sink should be closed. Traditionally, it was done by plywood, tin, clapboard, the root for which is also quite traditional, and its step is determined visually.
Grubelka under the trimming of the sink by clapboard or tin is made according to the familiar scenario But the lining, plywood and tin do not provide normal ventilation. Now there is a wonderful replacement - perforated panels or sofa, which protect and ventilate the underfloor space.
Sophia installed under Svez, noticeably decorate the house Sofita are:
Sofits are already equipped with mounting profiles: a J-profile for fastening (sophytes) and a H-profile are inserted into them to connect sofite seams.
Using profiles for mounting sofita greatly facilitates work Therefore, the construction of the roaring is reduced to the installation of two bruse guides for these profiles.
Profiles for connecting sofites provide their aesthetic compound on the corners Even if the roof is flawless and does not let the water, the tree in the roofing cake and the rafter system is subject to adverse effects of humidity and temperature drops, which provokes the formation of fungi and mold. In the roofing cake, mice and vertices are happy with pleasure. The tree is fire hazard.
To avoid this, you need a high-quality impregnation. It must confront all these dangers and deeply penetrate the structure of the wood, do not contain substances harmful to humans (arsenic, copper sipop), to dissolve well in water, do not wash off for a long time.
In our climatic conditions and conditions of a particular home, you need to choose what is more important - resistance to humidity or ignition. Wood is impregnated only once. And the first composition will be the main action. The coatings will work weaker in the second and third.
There are two methods of applying antiseptics.
The antiseptic is protection against fungus (fungicide), microbes (biocid), insects (insecticide) in one bottle. The composition of a good antiseptic should be completely harmless to humans. In antiseptics for external parts include coloring alkyd resin.
I can safely advise the antiseptic on a water-based water basis. It happens different series for different designs - "Ultra", "Bio", "Tor", "Sauna". We treated a variety of "ultra" rafters, overlapping beams, a doom. "Sezhen" is easily applied with a spray gun. With a small consumption, the means only slightly exceeding the claimed (250-300 g / m 3), the impregnation on the eye turned out to be high-quality and even decorated wood. The manufacturer promises biosis up to 35 years and the effect of "cure" of already amazed wood. For about ten years have passed, there is no reason yet.
I spent a small marketing research. It showed that in addition to "Cenage", Pinotex Impra and Pinotex Ultra production of Estonia are popular with popularity, such as highly efficient and possessing decorative effect. But unlike the "Senezha", they cannot be used for the already affected by the microorganisms of wood. And the domestic tool "Olds" protects against atmospheric influences and the sun, gives beautiful view The product, but has limitations on the humidity of the lumber: it cannot be applied if the humidity is greater than 20%.
"Woods" is inferior to "Sezheng" and on functions, and in terms of efficiency 
Pinotex Ultra is considered quite expensive, but high-quality antiseptic with a wide range of action 
"Sezheng Ultram" is the most affordable in price of the domestic antiseptic 
"Sezheng Bio" can be used not only for roof, but also when laying wooden parts into the ground 
Pinotex IMPRA is used for impregnation of hidden structures
You carefully figured out the principles of the design and material of the root, made right choice, deepened knowledge according to the selected technology. Now you can proceed to the construction of the roof with your own hands. You will succeed and you can be proud of.
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Professional flooring - Material is truly universal. It can be used to create various buildings, fences and, of course, as a roof coating. In this regard, it is especially good - it makes it possible to quickly cover any structure, but serves a long time. But that such a roof is truly durable and reliable, it is important to get acquainted so that the roof makeup under the professional flooring is made in all the rules.
This corrugated material is made of thin sheet steel, chromed or galvanized to protect the sheet from the appearance of rust. Its density and stiffness directly depend on which thickness the workpiece was used, as well as from the parameters of the corrugations. The material is distinguished by certain advantages and disadvantages.
Pluses of using corrugated as roofing material:
On a note! Professional flooring can be applied in the construction of cottages, residential buildings, garages, canopies, boxes, etc. Moreover, the roof can be done both single-sided and double, with an angle of inclination of the sides to 60 degrees.
But the material is not deprived of the shortcomings:
Professional flooring NS44 for roof - characteristics, scheme
Professional flooring H57 for roof - characteristics, scheme
Fasten the corrugated sheets to the crate must be special self-stakes with rubber seals. Due to these elements, it is not necessary to worry about the material.
The lamp that has already mentioned above is wooden boards, racks of about 30x100 mm, laid perpendicular to the rafters and fixed on them using self-samples or nails. It can also be made of metal, but for private construction this option is extremely rare.
The main function is to ensure the reliability and strength of the roofing design and the possibility of fastening the roofing material. If the lamp is not made, the whole roof will not be strong enough, and the roofing coating will deteriorate over time or can not be mounted (depending on which type of coating is used).
If we consider the professional flooring as roofing material, then it is just attached to this very crate. The design can also be used to carry out various communications, the necessary width of the ventilation gap is mounted under it, insulation can be laid.
On a note! The cuttlet can be solid or executed with a certain step, that is, there will be free space between the shelling boards. A solid doome is usually used when the roof is covered with a soft material of the bitumen tile. Also this option is placed next to chimneys and similar structures.
Table. Types of crates.
| A type | Description |
|---|---|
| The most frequently used option for professional flooring. The distance between the individual elements is 20-40 cm. |
| Such a crate of the width of the slit between its parts is only 10 mm. Free space is necessary in order to avoid deformation of wooden elements that can change their physical parameters due to fluctuations in humidity and temperature. In this case, a plywood, chipboard, OSP and similar materials are used in the construction of the roof. For the professional sheet, it is practically not applied. |
| This crate has the widest step - 50-75 cm, but maybe more. |
Installation of the crates is made after laying waterproofing and vapor barrier materials, which will protect and roof from water and collect excess moisture from the surface of the insulation.
This detail of the roof can be two-layer when the rails or boards will be mounted on top of the first cage, which will be called a counterclaim. In this case, the lower case is usually done discharged, and the upper one is solid or with a regular step. Details of the counterclaim are mounted perpendicular to the elements of the previously executed crate. A two-layer doom can be used if there is a need to put a thick layer of the insulation.
The width of the gaps between the elements of the crates affects:
The most important thing is to look at the thickness of the professional flooring used, as well as on the angle of inclination of the roof. According to SNiP, if the angle of inclination does not exceed 15 degrees, then the roof is better to "sew" with a solid crate. In this case, exceptions can only be made for metal structures, characterized by greater strength, rather than wooden. And even in this case, the step cannot exceed 40 cm. If the slope of the skate is 15-20 degrees, then the cutter is often made from the wooden elements and has a step of about 30-65 cm. With a slope of more than 20 degrees, a step can be even 1 m But this option is suitable only if the professional flooring itself is distinguished by high strength and excellent quality. Native when choosing the option, you can on the table shown in the figure below.
On a note! As a rule, when buying a professional flooring, you can read information directly about each type of material - manufacturers provide complete product information, and the recommended styling requirements will also be present.
In private construction, the shap is usually manufactured from the tree. It should be stopped on a spruce, oak, alder - the main thing that the material is durable. The tree should be dried, not to have cracks, be as smooth as possible and neat. Before installation, it is covered with antiseptics and preparations against rotting.
To calculate the required amount of wood, you need to know such indicators as the width and length of the roof of the roof and directly determine the step itself. Next, the most elementary mathematical calculations are used. It is important to remember that boards are bent along the eaves and the skate, and the step is beginning to count. And in the field of pipes, ventilation windows and other additional elements, the lamp must be reinforced.
On a note! When counting the amount of wood, it is required to take into account that part of the material can be thrown in the form of cropping. Therefore, about 8-15% of the stock is required to be added to the calculated amount.
As for the professional flooring, it is better to buy a material with a corrugation height of 35 mm and a thickness of about 0.6-0.7 mm. it optimal option With the good ratio of "price-quality-quality-strength-reliability." It will cost more than a professional steel professionalist, but it will be withstanding the average loads per capita without any problems. When using a professional flooring with a smaller profile height, the crate will have to do with a minimum step or solid, otherwise the material will not last long and deform.
From how much your set of tools will be, the course and quality of work depends largely. To begin with, we denote the list of basic tools, without which it is not one building, but it can be adjusted individually. First of all, it is:
The coloring cord (chopping) and the tool called the "horse" can also be useful, for applying the length of the rapid feet of equal segments to install Oberesten. You can make a template that simplifies the process of applying the markup.
Roof Disease performs a number of important functions:
And therefore, on how correctly the type of crate, the reliability and durability of the future roof depends on. The base should be smooth, tough and most importantly, it should be possible to fix it with nails.
There are several types of crates:
structurally:
single-layer
two-layer
for the continuity of the surface being created:
solid
in discharge
For example, the design of the crate under the metallic, natural tile or wave slate is limited by mounting one row of boards on the bars of the rafter system. The gap between adjacent obresatins is selected depending on the profile of the material used and can vary from 100 to 350 mm. The final choice of the size of the board and step is determined by the general requirements of the bearing cruise.
For the manufacture of typical crates, it is recommended to use a timing of 35 x 100 and 25 x 100 mm. All orachetins, besides first stuffed with a step of 350 mm, the gap between the first and subsequent is less than 40-50 mm in order to ensure the reliability of the fastening of the sink. The cross joints of the boards should be located strictly on the rafters, their length should exceed the distance of two spans of the rafting system. (Fig.1).
A solid suit is used to lay a roof from rolled materials, since a soft coating has an accuracy of copying the surface on which it is used. As a base, OCP plates are often used (inlet), the phaneur of increased moisture resistance. A equally claimed lumber of pine breeds, namely the cutting board or circulating, sorted by sizes with natural humidity no more than 22%.
Depending on the step of rafters or additional crate wood flooring It may have a different thickness, some values \u200b\u200bare shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The most practical and rational can be called the design from the sheets of moisture-resistant plywood and OSP slabs, with support for the execution crate in the discharge. The coating of the base is solid, sufficiently flat, not fearing moisture, inexpensive and with a minimum amount of waste, because The place is found for any trimming.
The design of a solid base is applied over the sparse cage. In the event that a board is used as a coating, then according to the technology, it is stacked at an angle of 450 relative to the skate run, in a step of 1 to 5 mm. When installing flooring from a sheet material, such as moisture-resistant plywood or OSP plate, the cross-cutting seams are not allowed. The butt connections are placed, and there are a gap of about 3 to 5 mm between sheets to compensate for a linear extension that cannot be avoided due to the change of temperature modes (Fig. 2). Fastening is recommended to produce with the help of ershone nails or screws.
In addition to the specific rules for mounting the crate under one or another type of roof, there are general requirementswho need to be adhere to when assembling any flooring.
First, before installing the crate, it is strongly recommended to check the geometry of the roof of the roof, the length of the parallel sides, the rectangles of the angles, the difference of diagonals and the surface flatness (Fig. 3). If there are deviations from the design values, then on the surface of the skate, it is necessary to repel the figure with the tolerances satisfying the requirements and already relative to it lead the main markup. For convenience, malarious cords are used for convenience, it allows one movement to ignore stropile design along the entire length. This allows you to fill obresatin parallel to each other and with a given step, even if the geometry of the slope in the roof is impaired or there is some embedded element.
Secondly, in order to avoid the appearance on the wooden parts of the roof of the roof, mold or different types of fungus, the sawn timber is recommended to be previously treated with antiseptic means. Also, at the stage of preparation of materials, it is necessary to select the boards or bars, since there is no overview on the surface of the sawn timber, which is a favorite place for malicious insects and increased batch, which can cause cracks.
The location of the annual rings in the transverse section of the sawn timber is not important. They should be oriented in such a way that the alleged chord rests on the rafter foot (Fig. 4), since in this area of \u200b\u200bconstruction, items should work on compression.
When using wet wood, the ends of edged or replicated boards are fixed on each side with two screws. These techniques reduce the risk of wood curvature during drying (Fig.4).
Another rule that is worth paying attention to. No matter what type of crates is selected for the main part of the roof, the sections where the pipe output is scheduled, auditory windows etc., for the convenience of installing roofing, they are framed only by a solid crate. This will not only simplify the task of fastening the structural elements, but also ensure reliable protection against moisture in the field of adjustment.
If you take into account the design of the roof as a whole, then the system of the crates can be rented. It usually precedes the main crate and serves to fix the waterproofing layer and the creation of airspace between the insulation and the roofing material. Control Rake has a section
the size of 25 x 50 mm (Fig. 5) and is located on top of the waterproofing, along the ribs of the rafter legs. Perpendicular to the direction of counter rail is hampering the main lattice.
It is very important when installing the crate to withstand the estimated dimensions, especially this concerns the bases under the piece material. Any no match or error can lead to the fact that when laying a roofing material will be disturbed by the mounting scheme, and this will not be better reflected in the operation of the entire roof.
Upon completion of work on the installation of the crate, you can move to the Stope of Endovism, the ventilation and drainage systems and the actual roofing material itself.
One of the main stages when building a private house includes a roof dryer. It serves as the basis for the rafting and roofing system and is a stable protection against condensate indoors. And although the system from the rafter is called the structure of the carrier, yet it is impossible to underestimate the value and the crate itself. If it is wrong to do, then the consequences can be quite serious: deformation or oiling roof, insulation disorder.
If you do not install the roof lamp, it will arise or the roof collapse.
Therefore, it is necessary to approach this construction process very seriously and responsibly.
Today there are a large number of thematic sources, where you can learn how to make a roof shave with your own hands. Also many specialists will be able to advise you in this matter. But in fact, this process is not very complex, but still has some subtleties. Below, in this article, all the nuances will be considered that relate to the question of the roof of your home.
Regardless of the construction of the construction of your home, 2 types of crates are distinguished:
A sparse income on the roof is used if the roof flooring consists of sufficiently sheet material.
The income on the roof of the first type is used if the roof flooring consists of sufficiently sheet material. These types of roof include slate, metal tile, Ondulin and Biolaine. This device of the crate involves the use of a sufficiently thick bar, and the size of its cross section should be 4.5-5 centimeters. This means that with this form of work between the boards there will always be a certain distance that should not exceed the length of the corresponding material for the roof roof.
The device of a solid fitting on the roof is used for its roof using soft materials. This includes bitumen tiles and isoplast. This crate device is applied continuous, solid layer. In this case, for attaching bars, it is necessary to use nails of a certain size. They should be 3 times the thickness of the roof itself. And the distance between the bars or boards with this form of work should not exceed 1 cm.
Also these are enough different species The roof crates are a kind of common element. As a rule, both types construction work Made in one-layer order. But it is recommended to make a two-layer typeface device. This means that the boards are stuffed onto rafting legs, and then covered with a special waterproofing film. This type is more reliable and durable. Another common time, which combines the above types of the crate, is a real opportunity to make them with your own hands.
For the roof crates, there will be such materials such as tes, bars, boards.
For such a construction work, like a roof dryer, you will need the following materials:
Experts recommend these materials to cover with a special water protection and antiseptic agent. They should not have any serious and small defects. Material must be used if it is completely dry. Such preventive measures are made to prevent any breakdowns and defects in the crate.
And, of course, in the process of this work, especially if you do it yourself, you need such tools:
The quality and uninterrupted work of work is achieved only with the full availability of all required tools. The above list includes all the most basic tools for the crate. However, during operation, it, of course, can be corrected. Naturally, this is done completely individually.
For rolled roofing requires a solid doom.
For a roll coating that will be pasted on a flooring from a tree, it is necessary to make a solid crate. The boards intended for this work need to be laid 2 times, and very tight. For these purposes, it is necessary to select the boards with a width of 60-70 mm and a thickness of 20 mm. Sick them to the work flooring at an angle of 45 degrees. At the same time, hats of nails that will be clogged along the edges of the boards, should be very tightly bleeded in them. After that, the front boards are very neatly spinning around the edges, so that the roll material can be easily recycled.
The main flooring with the roof shave for a roll coating must comply with the following requirements:
The device of the shingles under the tile assumes the presence of bars with dimensions 6x6 cm. For a single-layer coating, it is necessary to have the appropriate materials with a parameter 5x5 cm. In fact, this device is a lattice frame. This type of work is fairly in demand, since such a material for the roof, like a metal tile, is very popular and relevant in the market.
It is very important to correctly make the cornice parts - they should be above all the others by 25 cm. Often in practice they are replaced by a special bar, which has a sufficiently large thickness, and nailed to the equalization rack. The distance between the nearest and long-distance edges of the boards is taken per step. For the roof, tiled must be used high-quality, calibrated under one tree. Quality parameters are very relevant and if all these works you will do with your own hands.
Create a crate when the roof is from slate, it is possible from one or of two layers of timber.
It is not very difficult to make the roof shave under the corrugation. In this case, it can be either rarefied or solid. In the first case, you will need to prepare the boards with a cross section of 50x50 cm, and in the second - the size of 30-40 cm. The main thing for the roof of this type is an ideally smooth surface, so the crate must be done very well. To fully meet these requirements, the pitch of the bars should be about 22 mm, and on top of the boards that have a width of 20 cm, it is necessary to bring down the basis. It is easy to make it yourself.
Create a crate when the roof is from slate, it is possible from one or of two layers of timber. In the first version, they should be put in increments of 0.5 or 1 m. In the second version, the bars must be knit to dry and processed boards. Their step should be 0.5 m, and the cross section is 5x5 cm. It is necessary to arrange them across the rafter.
Under each slate sheet, it is necessary to put 3 bars, and the carnome should be thicker than the rest. Even elements, as a rule, are always 30 mm more than odd. This is done with the aim of a more uniform distribution of the load and the tight location of the slate sheets themselves. When using a unified profile, the pitch of bars is 0.8 m, and their cross section - 7.6x7.5 cm.
It is impossible to equip the roofing system without a crate, the laying of which is carried out on top of the rafting legs. It serves as a place of directly attaching the roof finish cover.
Thanks to the roof, the building not only gets decorated appearance: It also assigns a protective function to prevent ingestion of rain floors, snow, heat and cold. In addition, due to the roof, the impact of wastewater on walls and base surfaces is noticeably reduced than the service life of their service is significantly increasing. Most often on the roof of the building there are 2 or 4 skates: with the second design involves several options for arrangement.
In the composition of a conventional bartal roofing includes:
In general, the roof is divided into cold and warm subspecies. The first option provides styling of thermal insulation in the attic space: the roof in such a scheme is not inspected. The second method involves laying insulation and waterproofing. Basically, such an approach is used for the design of indoor residential floors.
Thanks to the crate, the following tasks are achieved:
Before making a roof shabby, such tools and materials should be prepared:
By studying the question of how to make the roof crate, it is important to know about the most popular system designs. The choice of a suitable variant of the crate directly depends on the roofing material used.
There are two main types of crates:
After the rafter system is fully equipped, the roof is attentive. Do it with the help of a rope, which simplifies the measurement of diagonals. When comparing two indicators, it is desirable that they do not differ from each other more than 20 mm. In case of exceeding this tolerance, the subsequent work can come across certain difficulties. Next is the laying of vaporizolation and insulation, in the form of mineral wool or other suitable material.
The roof makeup is assembled with their own hands on top of the previously laid waterproofing film, when laying which is observed in 15 cm. It is more convenient to mount the canvas from the top and down, taking the direction of the rafylic. Building stapler is suitable for fastening the film. On top of the rafaline, the planks are made, to create a counterbalax.
It is important not to forget about the ventilation gaps separating the film and the laid roofing material. Simply put, when filming, it is important to leave savings. By the same way, the film and insulation is separated. To simplify the task, how to make a crate on the roof, the cage pattern is used, which is designed to clearly comply with the design parameters.
If the soft roof is stacked, the installation of the crate elements is carried out by alignment and docking. In order to avoid subsequent deformation, a solid construction must be attached to a special care, using at least two nails on each bar.
For laying rolled cloths, they need a roofing cutter of a continuous type, made of bars and boards with a thickness of at least 25 mm. At the same time, the flooring should have dense, without cracks, laying. The shadow step is selected at least than 15 cm, otherwise the roofing material will begin to deform. It is important to achieve the perfect smoothness of the cerebral surface, with the mandatory drowning hats of nails and screws deep into the wood.
Installation of soft-type roof crate is most often occurring due to the high popularity of this roof. There is such a material inexpensive, and it is very simple to mount it. It also takes a solid type crate, which is equipped with a special calibrated board. Such styling has a two-layer structure, in compliance with the maximum mechanism of the joints.
A tipped board and roofing plywood, which passed the preliminary antiseptic impregnation, has proven well. In order to avoid damage to the soft roof on the angular sites, the ends of the boards must be rounded.
According to experts, it is the tiled roofs possess the most optimal operational characteristics From the point of view of quality and durability. It is usually single-layer structures, a doomle for which is shut-off from a cross section of at least 6 cm.
Stacking step oriented on the dimensions used. Some situations suggest the creation double crate, from the same material. To achieve the uniform fitting of the tile, it is necessary to build the maximum flat design plane. This implies the use of a bar with the same size.
To improve the crates can be using one or two layers of laying. The first option involves the use of a bar with a square cross section of 50 mm. The optimal step in this case is 50 cm, with laying elements in the parallel direction to the skate. If instead of the usual wavy slate use a unified profile, the step can be increased to 80 cm, with an increase in the cross section of the bar to 75 mm. The main thing is that at least three crossbars be under each slate spiral.
Most of all the eaves are loaded in this design, so its thickness should be increased. Skates and skes are made up with solid flooring. To achieve a uniform distribution of load and density of sheet laying, even bars are made thicker than 30 mm. In order for the design to serve as long as possible, before mounting the crate on the roof, all its wooden parts need to be treated with special compositions of fire and antiseptic action (more: ""). For their application you will need paint brush: The impregnation is carried out in two layers.
To test the quality of the fire supply, it is enough to split a small fragment of the treated wood and try to set it up. Well protected material flashes only when an open flame affects it: to remove it, the substance immediately fades.
Competent design and arrangement of the roof will be a key to both aesthetic beauty of the house and its protection against all external influences. At the same time, it is important to achieve a good quality of each individual part of the roofing design. The lamp, despite his imperceptibility, plays a very important role, so it is important when it is important to comply with all the necessary requirements and norms, how to make a roof crate. Special attention is paid to the selection of suitable building materials of the relevant quality.
