Despite the fact that mansard windows are invented to illuminate the attic of the attic, the lug-free is still designing quite often, especially in homes made in a traditional architectural style. From the point of view of the design, this is not the most complex element for execution. Therefore, it makes sense to familiarize yourself with different possible solutions.
Lucarna - This is the view of a wooden superstructure on the roof, in which the window is placed vertically. Depending on what its width is in the plane of the roofing slide, the opening of a certain size is performed. This, in turn, tells various methods His execution.
The first way is to rafalle
The structure of the lumban placed between the rafters is exceptionally simple, since its walls are only a few boards, at the top of naught nipples, that is, shortened rafters (in this case, the beams that make up the overlap over lu-karny), and below Roofs, between which, in fact, it is arranged. There will be sufficient boards with a thickness of 38 mm and a width of 10 or 14 cm, located in a step of 60 cm, as well as in the frame wooden house. Such a design is so easy that it most often does not need to use thicker or dual rafters.
An excellent way to ensure the rigidity of the frame of the carcasin is lucnaya, is the covering of it from the outside by moisture-resistant plywood (a minimum thickness of 9 mm, better 12 mm) or OSB-plates (a minimum thickness of 12-15 mm).
The second way is the reinforced rafters
It is also obligatory to enhance extreme rafters - as a rule, due to their doubling. The design of such lumbana is similar to the previous type - with the only difference that the roof usually has two skates, and for the device suspended ceiling Lugars often use elongated roof rigels. Lubana design can be performed in accordance with the principles of construction frame house From the boards with a thickness of 38 mm and a width of 10, 14 cm or in the traditional way, using classic joinery and carpentry compounds, from a minimum of 5 cm thick.
Third way on wooden walls
Lubana design should not additionally load the roof design, and therefore the most the best way - If it is self-supporting. Highly good decision It is a device of short walls, which, at least partially, will rely rest the roof of the lug-on. The side walls of the lumban (frame, from the boards of 38 x 100 mm) and the design of the roof should be separated so that the load from the roof can be transmitted directly to the overlap.
The roof of Lubana is recommended to do a single-skate, reaching the skate itself, because with this solution it will be the easiest in the performance and most correct, in terms of design, the method. But such a solution is not always possible, as it depends on many factors: the size of the roof, the angle of slope, the material roofing, architectural style of the house, etc.
Isolation of lumbana
Finish Lubana from the inside also does not represent anything complicated - they will continue to be achieved any of the techniques remaining after finish finish Mansard - the same plasterboard (about the finish with their own hands can be read by plasterboard)
The outer surface is usually separated by the same materials that are separated by the main facade of the house - wood, all sorts of tiles, metal sheets ,.
Mocking lug-free rarely.
The roof is lucnaya, whatever it is made, double or single, also falls under general rule - The same material as the rest of the roof area, unless of course the task is to highlight it against the background of the roof.
Ventilation Lubana occurs due to ventilated gaps, and its goal is exactly the same as the ventilation device in the same attic - withdrawal from its moisture design.
The gap can be both one and several. If the gaps, for example, the two then first make between the minvata and the film (or with a solid filling with a coated regularity as mentioned above). The second is made between the roof coating and the underpants film. This is the most successful location - with it, one will dry the heat-insulating layer, another contribute to the evaporation of moisture from the bottom side.
But if the roof coating is made of flat coatings (bituminous tile, rubberoid, sheets), then the gaps are not left under them. Do not leave them when using a film with high vapor permeability characteristics (at least 1000 g per m2 per day).
If the roof device in luxury is duplex, then the air will penetrate into the holes between the counterbasses and rafters and flow up, going back into the hole in the skate.
If the luguer is a single one, then the gaps in the amount of 2 pieces are made where the scat ends, that is, the very ridge of the roof. With such a structure of the structure, the air into the space comes between the counterbasters and rafters and passing on the vent and will also be released at the skate of the main roof.
And if, for example, the surface of the roof is lucnaya is on the roof slope, then the beam (frontal) can overlap ventilation. In this case, you will have to make a gap right under the roof.
1. Sking bar base roof house
2. Roof rafters Lubana cross section 6 x 18 cm (Net Failures)
3. rafters of the main roof
4. Speaker plates with a cross section of 6 x 18 cm provide rigidity
5. Mauerlat
6. Racks with a cross section of 8 x 10 cm, forming side wall frames Capless
7. wooden beam (jumper over the window)
1. Sking timber cross section 6 x 10 cm roof lug
2. Scroll with a cross section of 6 x 10 cm roof lug-free
3. Running cross section of 8x 12 cm above the walls of the walls of Lugar
4. Windshield beams. When the width of the lumban does not exceed the triple step of the rafted, cut out two rafters falling into the location of the lug-free. Cropped rafters are intercepted by two windshield beams with a cross section of 15 x 18 cm
5. Dual rafters, which relies the structure of the lumban. Dual rafters have a greater bearing ability than single
6. The main roof rafters
7. Stoics section 12 × 12 cm Design frame side walls Capless
8. Wooden beam (jumper over the window)
1. The ski ramp of the roof of the house, on which the upper ends are resting
2. Run a liter laid on the laying (or overlapping). The frame racks of the side walls of the Lumplings are restored
Film strips are stacked horizontally, as in the rest of the roof. Put them from the bottom side towards the skate. The edges of the bands impose one on another with an overlap from 10 to 20 cm.
1. Horse, not covered with film. IN double roofs Near the skates are arranged holes for air outlet from ventilation gaps in the rods. The holes cannot be closed with a film, so the insulation should end at a distance of 5 cm from the skate
2. Lower strip of film bent on the side of the ease
3. Additional strip of film width of at least 30 cm, ensuring the tightness of the junction of the roofing slope with the roofs of the roof of the lug. Film strips protecting roofing rods must cover this strip
4. Film bent on the side wall of lug-free; The size of its bend-15-20 cm
5. The edge of the film of the main roofing is bent on the wall lug-free to height 15-20 cm
6. Film on the walls of Lugarne performs the function of wind insulation
| 1. | Inner cladding of plasterboard plates |
| 2. | Mineral wool thickness about 12 cm-thermal insulation of walls lug |
| 3. | Wooden frame, fortified on the walls of the walls of Lugar. Parosolation and plasterboard plates are fixed to it. |
| 4. | An additional layer of mineral wool with a thickness of approximately 2 cm, laid between the wooden frame bars, to which plasterboard plates |
| 5. | Film of vaporizolation protects mineral wool from moisture, which can penetrate the side of heated space and reduce its thermal insulation properties. Film must be laid with joint seals |
| 6. | Protective steel apron |
| 7. | Windproofing of walls lug-free from roofing film |
| 8. | Wooden frame, reinforced on the racks of lumban, is attached to it boards outside the walls of the walls Lugar |
| 9. | Wooden sheathing |
| 10. | Roofing film. Film with increased vapor permeability can be laid directly on the insulation. Otherwise, between it and thermal insulation should be a ventilated clearance width 2 cm |
| 11 a. | Board farmery Sve. |
| 11 b. | Bruks of the crate cross section 4 x 5 cm. They carry roofing; stacked with a step of 30 cm |
| 12. | Coupling with a cross section of 2.5 x 4 cm, nailed to the rafters of the roof of the luxuria through the roofing film |
| 13 | Thermal insulation of the roof is lug-free of two layers of mineral wool. Its total thickness is 22-25 cm. One layer is laid between the rafters, and the second is between the profiles of the suspended ceiling. Warming can be performed by mats or mineral wool plates. They connect them very tight so that there were no gaps between them |
| 14 | Pendant ceiling profile suspensions, roof rafters Lubana |
| 15. | Suspended ceiling profiles. They are fixed with vapor barrier and plasterboard plates. Distance between profiles - 40-50 cm |
Once lug-haired, superstructure over the roof, served only for ventilation space under the roof, but the time "prepared" for them is a new purpose. They became for the roof of a stylish and unusual decorative detail with many functionality, for example, they are used for lighting residential mansard and increasing the useful area.
The invention of the auditory window is associated with the surname of the masters of the inventor, for the first time established a similar design on the roof of the Moscow Maneja. The surname was his rumors, which is why they are called auditory. This is just one of the versions of the descent of the Russian version of the name of Lubana. There is such: the initial purpose of such openings was ventilating, and the word "hearing" once corresponded to the value of "purned" and "hole".
Lugarna looks like a small house having a roof, walls and a glass facade, as a rule, corresponding to the general style of the house with its finish, architectural details, etc. It is often intersecting the roof of the house at the level of the skate, that is, in the highest point.
Perhaps Luberna would have prevented its decorative purpose, but over time, with an increase in the population of Europe, there was a need for additional housing in parallel. Thus, an idea arose to use the attic space in this capacity, which could be illuminated and tired only through the opening on the roof. Mansards are not just a tribute to the past, they are still successful even under residential floors. That is why Lugarna and today did not lose its relevance.
The need for a hearing window is not doubtful. Indeed, if we assume that in the Space, the attic under the roof the air does not move, then sooner or later the structures of the tree will begin to rotate. The fact is that when contacting warm air with a cold surface of the roof, condensate is formed, the moisture from which subsequently flows into the elements of the crate and the rafter system.
For the movement of air in the attic from the outside there should be cold air, it will overclock and dilute the warm air that comes from below. Therefore, the effect of condensation can be avoided. As a rule, an auditory window with a louvered grill is used for a cold attic.
Nevertheless, fully ventilated cold attic Only at the expense of hearing windows is not always possible. For an additional air intake from the atmosphere in apartment houses Install ventilated eaves.
If the space under the roof is equipped under residential, they are used for natural lighting. Although according to experts, the flow of light through the opening of a litter is less than that of the attic, since the presence of side walls significantly reduces the volume of penetrating light. Operactions can be located in one or more rows.
And finally, Lucarna is the possibility of entering the roof for emergency service, say, in a fire, flood, etc. It may be possible to do with one way out, but imagine how uncomfortable in the case of a long building. As a rule, in the form of wooden gangs, they are satisfied with the edge of Lugar, which, naturally, should be in the middle of the entrance. Couples of boards on which transverse strips are fixed, it is enough to get up on them up to the roofing skate. At the same time, as a rule, the distance between the lower edge of the opening and the surface of the floor of the attic is about 90 cm. The upper edge of the opening is placed on the basis of the height of the centenary of the attic room. It is clear that the higher the structure of the Lubana design is placed, the more highlighted the underground space will be.
Luggines classified by the following parameters:
As an example, consider the three most common.
The challenge is lucopany with a flat roof (a slope of not more than 15 °) is to ensure the influx of the largest volume of light and air into the undercase. Considering a sufficiently small bias to drive excess water, the drainage gutter is installed. The same parameter affects the choice of material for coating, for example, the tile in this case is not suitable. More appropriate will be the coating with metal, zinc, copper and aluminum.
Luggnar with one slope is considered the easiest option. This design has a flat roof with an angle of inclination slightly less than inclination of the main roof. Besides what it is the simplest option Devices, it and pretty profitable. Such a design allows you to get more space than a two-screw, having the same width. And the slope slope is less, the space turns out more. The only thing that should not be forgotten by designing a single carnana is to ensure the proper flow of water. Depending on the decorative tasks set, the roof of a single-table lumbana may have a rectangular or trapezoidal form.
Choosing the design of this window, it is necessary to take into account that a large single-sided looks not entirely elegant.
Such a lug-in design is more complicated by a single-table option, moreover, its construction is more expensive. In the form of her roof can be island or rounded, and the rain water in this case will be dragged on both sides. With such a device, Luberna "eats" the ceiling height, that is, the main part of the area formed during its device can not be used as a residential.
The design of such structures does not charge severe restrictions. The location that auditory windows may have dimensions, more depend on the individual vision of the designer and destination - whether it performs a decorative role or practical.
Nevertheless, since the roof with auditory windows has a long history, over these years certain patterns were revealed. On their basis, a number of requirements were developed. The norms, in particular, provide that:
Triangular most often can be found in private construction. As side walls in this case, the rods of the roof are lug-free. GOST 12506 81 Hearing window with triangular opening has its advantages. Externally very attractive and elegant, they can be placed on pretty high levelAnd the small amount of adjoins from the main roof reduces the volume of waterproofing work.
For these lucos, it is very important correctly calculated size, it should not be too small, nor too big. The tilt must be about the same limits as the main roof. The issue of obtaining useful space on the attic in this case is the secondary, most importantly, to ensure the possibility of greater illumination and the influx of fresh air.
But at the same time it is necessary to know that if you do not withdraw the facade part of the lug-free in the facade of the structure, then the inner illumination of the attic will suffer.
Luggasins have not only the form of a polygon. In the era of Barroko, hearing rounds were the most popular, and today they were replaced by more original semicircular designs. Semicircular auditory window known under different names:
These designs on the roofs lined with tiled or shale look especially nice. Narrow semicircular lugars look like fools and are appropriate if the building needs to give a historical look. From their advantages, you can select the following:
Popular once wooden whale windows gradually lose their relevance. Their positions today are occupied by plastic, which is much more affordable for the price, and such care do not require.
Lugarnaya gives an expressive appearance of the roof of the building and allows you to light the attic room during the daytime. Consider the features of the construction of this design.
Luberna (also called an auditory window) - add-in on the roof scap, in the front part of which the vertical window is provided. Lugarna - decoration of the building, as well as a way to illuminate the attic and increase its volume of its space, as the roof of the lug-free is located above the citation of the main roof. Lugarna is an alternative to the attic window (or combinations of such windows), possessing in comparison with him a number of advantages and disadvantages. It is more interesting in the architectural plan, in addition, the vertical window can be opened to ventilate the room at any time of the year, while on the built-in roof mansard window In winter, snow can lie, which does not allow you to open it and prevents the penetration of light into the room. At the same time, the vertical window of the lumban lights the room is not so evenly as the inclined attic of the same size, since the side walls and the roof of the luxuria narrow the light stream. Of course, the degree of attitude of the attic with luxurian will depend on many factors, including from the dimensions of the window, the slope of the main roof and the method of dissection devices, but in any case of darkened zones in the room there will be more than when using the attic window. In addition, it is much easier to embed the roof in the roof than Luberna. It should be noted that its construction assumes many constructive complex nodes, so it should be erected on the basis of a detailed project, trusting only to highly qualified specialists.
In most cases, the walls are permanent in the form of a frame from wooden Bruschevfixed by stropile design Roofs building. The width of Lubana, as a rule, corresponds to several interconnect spans, which means that its device involves a break in slinge system. So that the roof keeps the necessary bearing ability, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lug -ana you have to strengthen it in one way or another, the choice of which project organization Based on the information about the length of the skate, the bias of the roof, the step of the rafter, the load from the lug-and -ana, etc. often provide additional vertical racks. If the planning of the attic does not allow such racks, they establish reinforced insony-free runs (for example, in the form of dual rafting legs or beams of glue wood) and rest the side walls of the lug-on on them. Wooden wall frames are filled with insulation - usually plates of stone or glass fibers, which are placed by the versius between the elements of the frame. In places, the frames of the frame of the carcass lug-free to the rafters have to use cropped plates, carefully sealing them when mounting. According to a number of specialists, it is a problem node in the design of Lugar. Even with high-quality execution mounting work no clearances between plates and wooden carcassIt is fraught with the freezing of the walls of the lug -ana in these zones. Moreover, the use of alternative materials capable of creating a solid thermal insulation layer (for example, sprayed polyurethane foam or emotional is economically unjustified, if the main roof is insulated with stone or glass fiber plates.
From the inside of the premises, the fibrous insulation is closed with a vapor insulating film (fixing it with brackets or nails to the rafters), on top of which the base is fixed for finishing, and then the finishes itself. Vaporizolation is laid with fatty cloths at least 100 mm, the places of fuel and the batons are sealed with special materials (single and double-sided ribbons, adhesives, pastes). From the street, the thermal insulation is covered with a hydraulic displacement membrane (it is also fixed with brackets or nails), then a controlled is usually installed, and then the substructure for outdoor decoration And the finishing itself. The control is allowed to provide ventilating gap in size 30-50 mm. In most cases, the roof of the roof is not different from the main roof of the building and also assumes a layer of insulation between rafters, vaporizolation, hydraulic protection, the ventilation, which is generated due to the control, the cut (solid or stepping), on top of which the roof is placed on top of which. Parosolation and Ventzazor are the measures necessary to protect the insulation and wooden elements from moisturizing due to the condensation of a water vapor, seeking from the attic towards the street. An important question for the walls of the walls is lug-free: how to organize an influx and air hood from a vent-gap? One of the options is to connect Ventkanals in the walls of lug-free with ventkalas of the skate, located under it, as well as with ventkanals available in the roof of lug-free. Then the air will go under the roof on the sink of its cornice, move along the ventsors and removed either through the ventilation horse on the roof of the roof, or - in case it is non-ventilated - through the ceremony of the main roof, to which the air from the roof of the lug-free should be unhindered. (For this, in the design of the roof, the lumban is provided, in particular, the ruptures in the bar of the brucks are controlled so that the air freely penetrates from one intercropyl span to another.) Recall that the influx of air under the roof of the roof is carried out through the gaps on the casting cornice or holes in its frontonone. . If the lug-free small size, and in the attic it is not supposed to be a room with high humidity, according to some experts, you can do without ventilation of its design, provided quality insulation and creating a reliable parobacker. We note and such a moment: Lugarna itself is an obstacle for the movement of air in the ventzazor of the main roof, and therefore additional ventures on the roofing (aerators, ventilation tiles, etc.) are installed to enhance its inflows and exhaust. They are put in front of luxurian and after it. The greater the lucos on the roof, the harder it is to achieve a full-fledged ventilation of its design.
Roofs Lucares are distinguished by a variety of forms. They are single, duplex, bantal hip (with triangular rods), semicircular, with a curvilinear surface (they are called "bat", "bullish eye"), etc. Depending on the architect's plan, the roof of the lug-free can be covered as the same Roofing material as the main roof and the other. At the same time, difficulties may arise when arranged roofing lucares. So, it is often problematic to use large-format or high-profile materials - ceramic and metal tile (ordinary or composite), wavy bitumen or asbestos-cement lists et al. It is more convenient to use coatings stacked by a folding method (copper, zinc-titanium), as well as materials in the form of low-profile or flat tiles - ceramic or cement-sand tile (in particular, "beaver tail"), slate, flexible tile, piece elements from copper or zinc-titanium (rhombus, rectangles, plates in the form of a "beaver tail"), etc. When installing the roof, it is necessary to perform a hubbard coating node to coating the main roof. So, if the roof is lucnaya is a double, then in the place of the convergence of its skates with the roof of the building there are two rtsov. It is important to ensure the tightness of the roof as in the Endanda itself, and at the junction of the lower edge of the endand with the row of the main roof, as well as in the roof adjoining area to the walls of lug-on (using various solutions depending on the type roofing material: For example, in the case of ceramic or cement-sand tile - grooves from painted aluminum or galvanized steel, corrugated ribbons from aluminum, lead, copper, clamping metal strips of a special profile, etc.). When there are several lucos on the roof on the roof, then large snow "pockets" are formed between them and the risk of leaks under the roof is increased with a capillary lift of water in places of joining the roof of the building.
A vertically correlated window in the dome or a roofing slant, closed on three sides: from above and sides are called lug-in (front window). Operation, as a rule, is located in one (or parallel) plane with the facade wall. Often, lug-haired visually continues front walls.
The facade window performs some purely utilitarian functions, but besides this, it is an important element of the building exterior. It is often decorated with a variety of decor elements, such as stucco, carved plants etc. Giving an additional expressiveness of the appearance of the whole building, Lugarna allows you to penetrate the attic or attic to the sunshine, and opens access to the roof surface for repair or technical works.
Consider some of the main varieties of Lugzern:
Luberna with a flat roof. A roof is considered to be flat with a slope of up to 15 degrees. Integrated into a similar roof of Luberna allows at daytime to illuminate the attic (attic) with natural light and ventilated the room. If necessary, through such a luguer, you can get on the roof (or back). But at the same time, it is necessary to provide protection of the daytime from entering it, for which the roof of the lug -ana itself is usually equipped with its own drainage system. Window openings Lugun on flat roofs Usually have the form of a rectangle or a square.
Lugarna with a single roof. Here, the angle of inclination of the roof exceeds 15 degrees.
Luggart with a duple roof. This type of roof allows you to make a full and comfortable room from the attic, including residential. The width of the window opening here is usually 1 - 1.5 m, which ensures the receipt of a sufficient amount of natural light during the daytime. In large houses, it is sometimes made lug-haired with a width of the window to 3 m. It is not very rational, because with such large sizes, its own roof is out of the limits indoor space Mansard, as a result of which the illumination of the room decreases somewhat.
Lugznar with three rods on the roof. Lubana of this type, differ in complex outlines of the ceiling.
The shape of the window opening of the front window is determined by the desire of the customer (or the designer) with the obligatory taking into account the possibilities of the roof design. The most common are the following geometric forms of windows in Lugarny:
Elliptical or oval forms of windows Lugarne and sometimes referred to as a "frog of mouth" and "bullish eye". Typically, such luxuries are mounted on the roof with a coating of ceramics, tiles and other similar materials. This form is good because it prevents the accumulation of snow during the winter, and in other times of the year it provides unobstructed flow of water. Oval (ellipse) is easily integrated into the basic design of the roof. Additional advantage is the originality external view Such windows and giving the appearance of an individual style building.
Oval Lugzern and disadvantages. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe window is too small for the illumination of the indoor room. And the installation of such windows is quite complicated, so its value is relatively high.
Triangle. The windows of such a form are usually suitable in small auxiliary premises, such as storage rooms, wardrobes, corridors and bathrooms. Triangular shape For the window is not too convenient, because it creates some problems: it is inconvenient to open the sash, it is difficult to choose a curtain or blinds to such a window. Large triangular windows are used in lugarns to form an original embelling style of the attic and the appearance of the building.
Sometimes there are lug-haired with pentagon shapes. This is only possible on flat roofing With a weak slope. Such lugins have a rather complicated design. own roof. It should have at least two slopes.
