Organization of mini-shop.
Selection - room.
Equipment for the production of furniture shields.
Staff.
Investments in mini business.
Financial plan.
Disposal terms.
Marketing.
Advertising.
Sales products.
Almost every person would prefer to have their own business than to work by the employee. There are several reasons for it. First of all, the business owners appear the opportunity to engage in a favorite thing and have a higher income. Even little business is prestigious. Independence from external conditions and the hardship of the employer is also an important plus.
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Organization of mini-shop.
For small-winding production of furniture shields, the opening of a small woodworking enterprise will be required, on the basis of which the furniture shield will be produced. Of course, you can focus on the production of furniture, but not the fact that it will be in demand. Release furniture Shield Allows you to form a portfolio of permanent small-winding customers, respectively, to ensure the constant income of the woodworking workshop.
You can advise to open a mini shop in areas where cutting is carried out and there is a lumber production, but even when the tree purchases with delivery to the business region will be quite profitable. Consider it in the details.
The main advantages of furniture structural material include:
- the use of new gluing technologies makes it possible to preserve and advantageously emphasize the natural texture of the tree;
- glued structures in contrast to the massif save their dimensions unchanged and practically do not give shrinkage;
- glued furniture shields are an environmentally friendly product used for furniture and premises;
- For production you can make a furniture shield of any size, which, accordingly, reduces costs for not effective use.
The production of the furniture shield is a good basis for any woodworking business, as there is a steady demand. Curly and coniferous species of wood are used as a raw material for production, pine is considered the most efficient value of the material.
The production process of the glued furniture shield consists of the following steps, is meant:
- Drying of lumber is preferably in its own drying chambers, it will provide high quality products;
- calibration and processing of sawnage defects;
- Wood dissipation on the lamellas and deletion of defects;
- trimming to the desired size and removal of defective places;
- Splicing of blanks (in length), on the ends of the blanks are cut toothed spikes and glue is applied, crossing in size;
- calibration of the lamellas in order to remove the glue layer and obtaining geometrically accurate blanks;
- Singing lamellas and gluing to shield;
- Cutting defective seams.
- formatting a shield with a split over width and format trimming;
- Clean calibration and finishing grinding.
Each process involves performing work on a special machine, some of the production processes can be carried out on semi-industrial woodworking machines, but still it will be necessary to make the most mechanized and automate production in order to obtain a high quality product. The size and characteristics of the workshop premises will depend on the number of purchased machines.
Selection - room.
The premises of the mini shop for the production of the furniture shield is usually selected in the industrial zone. To do this, you will need to rent a warehouse or shop at a territorially convenient enterprise. The infrastructure of the workshop should imply administrative premises - 20-30 square meters. meters, warehouse of sawn timber and finished products 30-50 square meters. meters (preferably divided into different rooms), the premises of the workshop of 100-200 square meters. meters.
Equipment for the production of furniture shields.
Universal quadrilateral four spindle machine Winner Blazer BL 4-23 for woodworking is suitable for a high-tech workshop, performs all the operations described. You can choose from inexpensive woodworking machines, their price is 12,000-36,000 rubles;
Bilateral Mida SPBF-2S / 500 or MV-2061 for lamellae, respectively, Portuguese and Chinese production. Raysmus Jet JWP-12 M can be purchased for 18,000 rubles;
OMGA Optimization Line of the T 2000 NC Series, the Russian Machine used can be purchased for 640000 rubles;
- OMGA FJL-183 end splicing line, the Russian version will cost 144,000 rubles, the semi-automatic machine will cost about 56,000 rubles;
Clee Applying Machine OSAMA S2R-1600, you can purchase a less expensive version of the machine for approximately 220,000 rubles;
Vaima Fan Trimwex Induk Type SL (P), Waima used can be purchased for 300,000 rubles;
The machine for aging wood in order to obtain a unique texture of the furniture shield will cost 320000 rubles;
Some types of machine tools from listed can be made independently. Accordingly, it will significantly reduce the volume of investments. When preparing a business plan, you can go in two ways. Buy new or capital repaired equipment on credit or leasing, most companies offer favorable conditions, respectively, it will be necessary only to work hard to pay for equipment. The second way implies the purchase of used equipment for their own means. This option also has advantages - no need to pay for debts.
Staff.
The number of workers in mini workshops usually has 5-15 people. As a rule, workers and joiners also perform work on loading and unloading raw materials and goods. In general, it will be necessary to hire the following employees, it is better to choose people with experience or technical education:
The head of the workshop (he is the owner and the main master) - 70,000 rubles / month;
Accountant Secretary - 25,000 rubles / month;
2 professional joiners-wizard - 2 * 40000 rubles / month;
2 assistants of the apprentice - 2 * 20000 rubles / month;
1 machine tools - 50,000 rubles / month;
1 locksmith - 30000 rubles / month;
1 loader - 20000 rubles / month;
1 Cleaner - Storekeeper - 15,000 rubles / month;
2 Watchman-Watch - 10,000 rubles / month;
Total: 350000 rubles / month.
To work at the enterprise with workers, it is necessary to conclude a contract, as well as to issue insurance, since work in production causes risks to health and life in violation of technical safety standards.
Investments in mini business.
The necessary investments will depend on the power of the workshop for the production of the furniture shield and the level of its equipment. Required:
- Remove the premises for production, prepare it for deployment of the workshop, it may be necessary to repair, install the ventilation system, partitions, doors, gates and gearboxes. These costs are fully dependent on the selected room and its arrangement. The costs of this position without lease will be estimated at 100,000 rubles;
- buy or order equipment, assessment investments in technological equipment will be 18,00000 rubles (approximately 45 thousand dollars);
- Purchase of raw materials can be carried out under the order, 50 cubic meters. Meters will be quite enough for meters. The average price of 1 cu. M pine unedged board is 8000 rubles, respectively, costs will be 400,000 rubles;
- rental premises for 3 months - 54,000 rubles.
- Wages for 3 months - 1050000 rubles, in this case there may be options, since it is not necessary to contain employees without having downloads. Initially, you can hire an incomplete state, and subsequently expand it. For the first time, the costs of salaries to limit the amount of 400,000 rubles / month.
Financial plan.
For example, the cost of the furniture shield from the SS variety pine is 1,200 rubles per 0.04 cubic meters. meters, respectively, 1 cubic meters. The meter of the furniture shield will cost 120000 rubles, at the cost of the unedged board of 8000 rubles.
The first 3 months of work (incomplete download):
In this case, in order to recoup the costs of the content of the workshop in the first 3 months:
- 18000 rubles / month. Rent + 4000 rubles / month. communal payments;
- 400000 rubles / month. wages.
It will require an income of 422,000 rubles. When implementing per month 20 cubic meters. Meters of the furniture shield turnover will be 2400,000 rubles in the first months. Board costs: (20KUB. Meters + 30% for marriage) * 8000 rubles \u003d 208000 rubles. Accordingly, the cost of raw materials will not exceed 10%. The income will be:
2400000 (total sales) - 422000 (costs for the maintenance of the workshop) - 208000 (the cost of raw materials) \u003d 1770000 rubles.
The break-even point (based on the cost of raw materials and on the maintenance of the workshop) involves the manufacture and implementation of 3 square meters. Shield meters per month. Do not forget about the payment of VAT, salary taxes and income tax.
After entering the workshop for project power (50 cubic meters)
After the release of the workshop on the design capacity (about 50 cubic meters) income will be:
6000000 (total sales) - 105000 (costs for the maintenance of the workshop) - 520000 (raw material costs) \u003d 4430000 rubles.
The break-even point on the content of the workshop involves the sale of 13 square meters. meters of furniture shield.
Disposal terms.
Thus, we will assess the cost of investing business and estimate the planned income in connection with the planned production volume.
So, the first 3 months shop will work in experimental mode, produce and implement 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture shield. Income excluding taxes to draw up 1770000 rubles per month.
Investment in equipment according to our calculations complete configuration The shop (see "Equipment") will be 18,20000 rubles. In fact, with a properly established implementation, it is possible to emphasize the investment in the first 2 months of the work of the woodworking workshop. This makes it possible to think about buying high-class equipment in leasing or credit. But it is possible to postpone and form a financial asset, and after a year it is radically expanded by production. So from a small workshop you can create a fairly large woodworking company, which is engaged in the release of not only the furniture shield.
Marketing.
Of course, such impressive results can be achieved only under the condition of well-established implementation. The task of marketing, which during the first steps of the business refers to the owner's responsibility zone, implies the sale of a furniture shield wholesale.
Usually, the wholesale means purchasing 10 cubic meters. meters. In practice, first of all, you need to conclude a contract with two wholesale buyers. To do this, you need to offer a lower product price.
In the following months, the portfolio must have 5 major customers. This all implies prior negotiation with customers and their search.
Advertising.
Obviously, in the first months of work, the mini workshop for the production of the furniture shield should focus on attracting wholesale customers to achieve a break-even point. At the same time, working with wholesalers does not exclude the sale of a shield in retail or in small-winding markets.
Any advertising must be focused on a potential consumer group. In our case, these are furniture enterprises. To prevent information about new production, you will need to make booklets or avenues in which the workshop will be described and its capabilities. For advertising in the markets among small-winding and retail buyers, business cards and pocket calendars will be required, which can be left in stores and on trays. You must not forget that the online store will help sell the goods.
Advertising costs will be:
- Avenues 1000-2000 pcs. - 16000 rubles;
- Booklets 1000-2000 pcs. - 6000-8000 rubles;
- Pocket calendars 1000 pcs. - 3000 rubles;
- Online store - 8000 rubles with advertising.
If you need an active advertising company, a separate employee should be engaged in this - advertising manager. The manager's salary can be negotiated and amount to about 15,000 rubles with an incomplete working day. In some cases, the functions of the advertising manager are taken by an accountant. It is quite enough for them - to order and get products, as well as close the financial documents.
Note that the creation of the site does not assume that it can be found without additional effort. This is exactly what is usually a content manager who promotes the site on social networks, search engines and forums. Typically, such specialists work on a contractual basis on the volume, so costs can be planned in the process of operating activities.
Sales products.
For the first time months of work, workshops are usually managers for the first time. At the next stage, sales agents, managers are attracted to work and the sales department or the sales department is created. Most sales agents work on a percentage of sales volume, so the owners of enterprises motivate merchants to conclude more contracts from which they are deducted percentage.
The independent work of the sales department gives a good result, the task of agents is to organize sales, the task of the workshop is to produce high-quality products. The functionality of the sales department over time is complemented by the functions of the advertisement and marketing department, which must generate productive implementation concepts, constantly raging the portfolio of large and small buyers.
The actually proposed review is an instruction how to create a small woodworking shop and develop it to a large woodworking factory. With a pragmatic approach to build a large business from scratch possible even today.
We wish you good luck in your first steps and hope that our review helped readers to start their business and achieve great success. Despite the skepticism of many, creating a large business from scratch possible, the main thing is to carefully plan and not be afraid of work. Of course, a particular importance is to choose the choice of business. It was in this choice that we decided to help you and facilitate the planning task.
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Furniture Shield - a variety of construction material, which combines the advantages of natural raw materials and advantages modern technologies. The natural basis and environmentally friendly method of production makes it possible to attribute a furniture shield to wood products. In fact, the furniture shields are a product of deep processing of wood and have all the operational and aesthetic qualities of natural wood.
Method of manufacture determines the structure of the furniture shield: Wooden strips (lamella) glue under the press and form a solid canvas.
Laying lamellas is done in such a way that the multidirectional of wood fibers compensated for the voltage inside the formed board. There are two types of furniture shield: a solid, glued out of a planed or sawn veneer without bitch, and a fascinating (in length or width) from small bars. Environmentally friendly glue, with an increased adhesive property, and a powerful press ensure the strength of the compounds. The stove is undergoing thorough grinding, as a result, the durable "patchwork" canvas looks like solid wooden plank, and is not inferior to natural analogues.
For the production of sawn timber, various species of trees are used (oak, beech, pine, ash, Karelian Birch, spruce, cedar, larch, bamboo, mahagony, palm tree, rosewood). The most popular and in demand in the market are furniture shields from oak, pine and larch. Wood of these breeds has a dense water-repellent structure, which eliminates the rotting of the material.
Warm color Tones And a beautiful drawing of wood give the product a noble view. Healing properties The tree gives furniture and interior items (doors, stairs, window sills, wall coverings) special energy.
Today, furniture items made own handsare very popular. After all, it is in them the master can embody all their original ideas that will help to decorate and make an individual dwelling interior. In this regard, the question arises how to make.
Furniture shield can be purchased in a construction store, and you can do it yourself, saving money.
Many people who never engaged to gluilding boards believe that in this process there is nothing complicated and the work technology is quite simple. But gluing shields is far from simple work that hides a lot of features.
Not only the material and its texture are affected on the quality of the furniture shield, but also the skill of the wizard combine the drawing of the wood, the accuracy of the joint and the quality of the glue.
Properly prepared shields have the following characteristics:
I think that it is necessary to make any piece of furniture, it is necessary to choose the material correctly. Typically, furniture shields, having a thickness of 2 cm (or 20 mm), are used in production. It means that at home it is necessary to make billets of such a thickness. Here and the difficulties begin: the boards of a total thickness of 20 mm are not suitable for gluing the shield. Even the most perfect wood with gluing will require additional processing. It will need to be plane or grind. Therefore, the boards must be taken with a margin.
The best option for the manufacture of a furniture board - boards with a thickness of 2.5 cm. The allowance of 0.5 cm is removed in 2 reception: when processing surface defects before gluing and with finishing after it. Thus, the workpiece is adjusted to 2 cm thick.
Choosing the material, it should be immediately abandoned the vigorous or uneven wood. It is better to cut blanks from massive board Thick at least 5 cm: sawing it along on 2 parts, you will get boards with the same color and texture. It is also necessary to pay attention to the length of blanks. It should have a stock from 2 to 5 cm, which will allow efficiently processing the end cuts of glued shields.
For the manufacture of material with your own hands at home, it is necessary to prepare conventional carpentry tools:
Machine device for gluing blanks.
It will also be necessary to prepare wood from which bars will be cut. It is better if it will be such woods such as pine, aspen, birch or oak. Each furniture shield is made from the bars of one breed. Typically, the sizes of bars have a ratio of width and thickness 1: 1, but other dimensions can also be used, for example, 1: 3.
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After the material is prepared, its surface must be chopped thoroughly, and then cut the wood by the timber of the desired size. Sections should be made strictly at an angle of 90 degrees.If any defects or irregularities are formed, the shield will not work. In some cases, it is possible to eliminate small chains with a planer or fuganka.
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An extremely responsible step is the combination of blanks in color, texture and drawing. It is not necessary to hurry here, you need to pick up bars as accurately as possible to each other. A properly glued shield must be even the same color, with a continuous pattern across the entire width. If parallel patterns of the pattern pass on one edge of the workpiece, they should pass on another edge of the product.
In the case when the bars are glued incorrectly, an inverted shield is similar to a fence from individual boards. That this does not happen, it is necessary to try to choose wood for a product with direct, rather than a curvilinear or oval location of the fibers. In addition, close attention is required to devote to the orientation of annual rings on wood sections. They have them according to two basic principles:
Each wood has its own shade, so it is very important to choose the right color for each shield.
In the first case, the surface of the shield after the manufacture has a slightly wavy pattern, resembling numerous deficits. With the second method, the figure resembles one big deflection. This method of manufacture can be used when working with solid and stable wood rocks, such as cherries.
Annual rings orientation should be taken into account in the manufacture of furniture various destination. So, when assembling countertops, which are experiencing small loads and are almost not blocked, this factor may not have a decisive value. And in the manufacture door Towns or massive tables that do not have reinforcing elements, preference should be made by assembling the method of alternating rings on the bars.
After all the elements are selected to each other, they are marked with triangles. It allows you to fold the bars during gluing the way you have thought.
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In order to glue the furniture shield qualitatively, it is necessary to construct an easy fixture. The main feature of such a fixture should be in its smooth surface. Prepare the following materials:
You can use grinders for grinding the shield.
The next step is to assemble the device. List chipboard put on the table. Along the sheet with clips or screws, planks are installed. Prepared rails are laid out between the planks according to the marks made with their sorting. The principle of operation of the device is indicated in the diagram: Image 1.
Then wake each side of the bars in contact with each other. Here will suit any glue used to glue the elements of wood. It may be PVA or "Stolar". To apply glue, a soft brush is used, but you can work, smearing the composition with your finger. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the adhesive is enough to glue the elements, but not very much.
All surface melted surfaces are tightly pressed against each other. To fix the future shield on the edges of the planks perpendicular to them, 2 more planks are installed. They can also be fixed with clamps or screws. Planks protect glue elements from bent and deformation.
For a more dense contact, the bars can be pressed to each other with wedges. Wedges are driven under the straps until the glue drops will appear between the blanks. This is the first sign that the procurement is sufficient for high-quality gluing pressure. In this position, the shield should be left no more than 1 hour. Then it is taken out and dried during the day.
Features of the technology of manufacturing furniture shield
(SPBGLT, St. Petersburg, RF)
The Article Places for Consideration Key Regulates of the Technology of Manufacture Furniture Scheld, As Well As Conditions and Factors Having Influence on The Quality of Treatment of the Furniture SHIELD AND ITS Gluing.
Furniture shield - as the main semi-finished product used in the production of housing furniture products from solid wood, stair parts, etc., is the most popular environmentally friendly material. And at the same time, the process of its manufacture is characterized by labor, material-, and energy consumption, in contrast to the manufacturing technology of slab materials such as remap, fiberboard, MDF.
The multi-performance technological process is due to the specifics of the material itself - woods - as an object of processing, used equipment and materials, as well as requirements for the quality of the final product. Wood possessing anisotropy properties, various density, the structure, vices, the type of sawing significantly affects the choice of technology. There are several technological manufacturing schemes, but the most common and efficient so-called "Swedish" technology. But in any case, compliance with technology, modes, processing parameters is a guarantee of obtaining a high-quality furniture shield that meets consumer and operational requirements. As a rule, lamellas in the furniture shield are glued to a smooth fugu using adhesives based on the PVAD with the addition of a hardener or without it if it is not specified in the technical task. Such binders have a transparent, elastic adhesive seam of high strength, which is necessary for the furniture shield, withstand temperature and humidity deformations, mechanical loads. Using these adhesives in gluing technology, you can use the intensification of TWH heating or conductive.
It is necessary to note the following technological conditions, without which the gluing of a high-quality shield is impossible:
The homogeneity of humidity rates of painting of sawn timber. The final moisture required by technology (for the furniture shield it is 8 ± 1.5%). Such rigid moisture limits are due to operational and technological requirements. The lower, is associated with the gluing process (the wettability of the surface of the binder, absorbability, the penetrating ability of glue), further mechanically processing the shield (calibration, grinding, milling). Pereaded wood worsens the quality of its processing, forms chips, the fiber is brought, it has low plasticity. Too high moisture content of lumber to be treated leads to another worst problems When gluing a shield, its further grinding and finishing. When planing, the quality of the injected surface of the lamella turns out unsatisfactory due to the formation of porcelability. High humidity of lamellae affects the duration of the excerpt in the hot press, on the polymerization of the binder and the strength of the adhesive seam. The heterogeneity of humidity performance of the quality of sawn timber, especially moisture drops by their cross section, as a result of cutting on the lamellands leads to the fact that rains with different humidity differ in the shield. This contributes to the emergence of various kinds of deformations. The desire of a lamellae to an equilibrium humid state in the glued shield when exposed to it in certain conditionsx contributes to varying degrees to their drying and swelling. Such processes entail or blocking the shield, or cracking it along the ends when processing and operating it.
Of course, the homogeneity of humidity rates of drying quality, is a key condition for the production of a furniture shield at a high level.
Geometry of the lamellae, i.e. rectangle and form reduction. For pressing this is a very important condition. If it is not respected, proper contact between the surfaces of the gluing is not provided, it is formed by non-flock over the entire length of the shield - this is a marriage. The lamella geometry can be achieved by the accuracy of the equipment setting, the qualifications of the service personnel and the technical equipment of the machine tools on which timber treatment is performed. Modern equipment allows you to perform this requirement, but not always. Sex planing guarantees geometry, in the event that knives in the planing drums are exhibited perpendicular to the tables (planing bases) and the clarity of the handling of presses and feed rollers. When using the Swedish technology, that is, planing of sawn timber with simultaneous revealing them on the lamellas, the most accurate perpendicularity of the processed faces is ensured, since the saw shaft with the supply of saws is perpendicular to the tables. The correct positioning of the saw shaft in relation to the tables of the four-sided machine, as well as the setup of the presses will give the opportunity to get a lamella with strictly perpendicular sides.
The amount of binder applied to the glued surfaces (glue consumption). The glue consumption is governed by the supplier company, but is specified by the conditions of gluing, viscosity, wood of wood with its humidity, equipment for applying, etc. On average, consumption is 120-150 g / sq. M. Insufficient application of the binder is the cause of low adhesive strength and as a result, the opening of the shield. Too much expense - it is necessary to increase the length of exposure, both before pressing and in the process of gluing, the performance of the driving equipment drops sharply. In the technology of applying glue, it is convenient to use a roller way. Upper clamp adjustable, lower - corrugated with grooves, depth and width of which has certain dimensions. The glue in the process of its application on the lamella should be located on the surface in the form of smooth strips without breaks.
Pressing pressure. An integral gluing condition, without pressing pressure, ensure proper contact between the glued surfaces is impossible. Optionally, the pressure must be high to eliminate the deformation of the lamellas in the shield. The criterion for estimating pressing pressure is a small amount of adhesive in the ends and on the surface of the shield.
The conditions listed above are necessary, not fulfilling them entails serious economic problems for the enterprise. The percentage of marriage increases, well if it is monitored on the initial operations, and not in the final product at the consumer.
In addition to the basic conditions in the technology of manufacturing a furniture shield, there are a number of features that should be mentioned.
First, the duration of the technological exposure of the material. It is believed that the tunched rack in a free state should not be for a long time, more than a day, that is, all that was shooting should be glued. This is due to the loss of activity of the adhesive surface, namely its oxidation and closing of wood pores. Shield extract after gluing before further machining. German specialists believe that the glued shield must be held at least 4 hours, some speak at least 6. In any case, shields should be maintained, especially after hot pressing, to ensure the relaxation of temperature and humidity stresses occur during the gluing process.
Secondly, pressing temperature. Temperature is the intensification of the process, for various breeds, it should be regulated. For coniferous breeds, the pressing temperature should not exceed 75 - 80 ° C. If the drying of the sawn timber was carried out without crystallization of the resin, then the high temperature of the pressing contributes to the separation of the resin on the surface of the shield, and this is unsatisfactory affecting further grinding (the abrasive of wood dust is quickly clogged together), the grinding surface becomes wavy and in some cases burns. As a result, there is a non-grinding process as one of the types of wood cutting, but rubbing wood. Consequently, the decoration of such a shield with paint and varnishes will be problematic. For hardware, especially for oak there is no need for high temperatures. The base density of oak is significantly higher than that of pine, respectively, the thermal conductivity coefficient is greater. The polymerization of the binder in addition to the temperature also affects the duration of shield shields in the hot press. It is believed that for coniferous rocks, the length of exposure is at least 1.5 - 2 minutes for each centimeter of the thickness of the shield at a temperature on the surface of the press plate 75 - 80 ° C. For particularities, these values \u200b\u200bmust be adjusted depending on the breed of its initial humidity and other factors. Specifically for the furniture shield from oak, the excerpt should not be long, as well as high temperatures, because there is a dubble coloring substance and when interacting with the binder, dark glue seam is formed.
Thirdly, when the shield is set, the condition should be respected by the condition of the correct orientation of the annual layers in adjacent lamella, as well as radial, tangential and mixed cuts, especially for oak materials. You can not allow in the same shield of racks of various sawmills, it is necessary to perform a strict sorting. Failure to comply with these conditions in place with poor-quality wood, entails serious consequences in the operation of such shields. Various dehuman (swelling) in radial and tangental directions, when shielding, in certain conditions, can cause their strong deformation and integrity disorders.
In the conclusion of this work, it is necessary to note the following, all listed features of the technology of manufacturing a furniture shield is only a small part of a huge question. Answers to which in the specifics and originality of the problem under study, as few of the manufacturers of the furniture shield pays due attention to its technology, an increase in the useful exit when striking, quality improvement, rational use Woods - as a product of wildlife.
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