A person knows more than can explain. This phenomenon is called differently: intuition, sixth feeling, subconscious, the call of hearts - as you please. And you worried about it repeatedly. For example, when you look at the photo of the interior, you see the setting, color and feel: something is wrong - or vice versa: excellent - And explain why, you can not. To the choice of color people are also suitable intuitive: for some reason, I like, and why? ... But today we will try to make so that one mystery has become less.
The combination of colors is the result of the interaction of all colors used and shades.
To deal with a combination of color, you need to be perfect for what to do. Color in the interior affects the visual perception by a person - it is not only beautiful and not beautiful, but also directed visual perceptions: spaces, prospects, balance, mood, temperature.
Space - Color you can visually increase or decrease the space.
Perspective - Color you can delete or closer objects in the interior, the combination of colors can create front and rear plans.
Balance - Color and combination of colors, balance the overall perception of the interior, or impose an imbalance to change the nature of the interior.
Mood - There are light joyful colors and opposite to them: heavy, sullen, strict.
Temperature - Color affects the perception by man of heat indoors: insulate and cool the interior.
Also, the color can be expressed by various associations: the sky, land, sand, attitude of the historical period or region.
The colors we use in the interior work together. One color can enhance, weaken or modify another color and its perception. For example, neutral will play with pinkish shades surrounded by bright yellow color:
And surrounded by Red, he is no longer:
Although it is the same single-gray gray color, and the changed color tonality occurs only in our eyes. Also look around, surrounded yellow color, Gray looks darker, and surrounded by a red lighter, but again, this change occurs only in our eyes.
If you are inappropriately filling the interior different colors, ultimately, you can get a color chaos. So that this does not happen, follow the rules of harmonious combinations. About them and will be discussed.
Harmonious combinations are combinations of different colors to create visual balance of unity and balancing the entire color composition in the interior. Differences in colors are called contrast.
Contrast - a visual difference between flowers relative to each other. The more difference in the colors, the greater the contrast between them or differently can be said - the colors are more contrast with each other. When distinctions in colors reach the limit - this is called polar contrast. The strongest polar contrast is the contrast of the combination of black and white.
In the understanding of most people harmonious colors are similar colors. From the part, it is true, but only from a small part. Harmonious color combinations work both in close color combinations and distant. Consider the options for color combinations and start with the most understandable and usual.
The monochrome combination comes from the concept of one color. This embodiment combinations are divided into two types: a black and white combination, and a combination of one color tone
Black and white monochrome combination - occurs when using black, white and gray color derived from black and white. The contrast between white and black is the strongest of all contrasts.
The combination of black and white color is initially harmonious.
Black and white can be both the entire interior and a separate part of the interior, in this case, there will be visual color zoning.
If you chose a black and white interior, then, upon subsequent desire, it can be transformed into another color combination, as the black and white colors are universal and compatible with all colors.
Black, white, gray - may be present at any color combination without disturbing harmony.
The monochrome combination occurs when using one color tone of chromatic color, followed by its lightening, dimming, or a change in saturation. Color tone is any shade of chromatic colors, that is, any color.
In monochrome color palette Harmony is achieved at the expense of the harmony of close colors. Let's look at the examples, which color variations acquire a yellow color in a monochrome color palette.
Brightening yellow white:
Blackness black:
Changing the yellow in saturation - blackout with gray gray:
Monochrome color combination choose people who like one definite color. Consider how many variations occurs with one color with simple procedures: changes in saturation, lightening, dimming - can be this diversity and it will be enough.
Contrast combinations of chromatic colors are based on the combination of opposite colors of the color circle:
The colors opposite are the most contrasting. The use of pure chromatic colors in the interior is not always convenient due to excess brightness. To make the colors more muted, they brighten them or darken and the combinations of colors are built on the colors of the corresponding light, for this, the color circle is used with a clarified and darkened palette:
The combination of chromatic colors is considered harmonious when, when conditional, mixing all the colors used, it turns out a black or gray color without a color shade.
Under the conditional color mixing is meant that the color is already contained in the material object, and it cannot be mixed, it is possible only to imagine it.
Consider how contrasting combinations of chromatic colors are formed.
A contrast combination of two colors is based on opposing opposite colors in a color circle:
For pure yellow color, the opposite will be purple. For clarified yellow violet clarified.
The opposite color in the interior is introduced to create a strong accent or visual balance of equilibrium.
To determine the three-color harmonious combination, the colors in the color circle are connected by an equilateral or an equilibried triangle.
The tricolor model of a harmonious combination makes the interiors more diverse and richer in colors. If your favorite color is yellow and green, then the third extra color to it will be red-orange. If this variation is not suitable, then look at the color combinations of four colors.
Similarly, if you enter the color circle: a square, a rectangle, a hexagon - the equilibrium color combinations are formed.
Multicolor models will lead to large color variability. However, it is worth not to forget that the variability dispels the view, and an excessive variety of colors can lead to color chaos.
The model of a polar or similar combination is built around one primary color and shades close to it containing, complementing colors.
A similar model for the main yellow color consists of a combination: yellow, green and orange colors:
If your color flavors lie in the field of similar colors, then you can use the model of a similar combination.
The consonant combination of flowers differs from the contrast of additional colors by the fact that the contrast rules take into account the additional contrast between darkened and clarified chromatic colors, and the participation of achromatic: white, gray and black - in a combination of color combinations. To determine the color consonance, the color ball is used, on behalf of the artist and the Colorist, who studied the theory of color influence on a person.
The middle of the ball of the equator, these are chromatic main and additional colors, in their maximum tonality.
When driving from the equator to the conventional north, chromatic colors are brightened with the addition of white, the pole has a natural white color.
When driving from the equator to the southern pole, chromatic colors are darkened and natural black is formed on the pole.
To simplify the pose of the ball, you will show it to the scan on the plane:
To determine the consonance of colors, you need to mentally imagine that the central point of the ball is a point of balance. Next, connecting colors along the equator or at angles, we define consonant contrasting colors. As in the case of a combination of opposing colors, models are used: two, three, four and multicolor combinations. Consider some options on the examples.
A contrast combination of two colors is built on opposing opposite colors in the color ball. By connecting two colors at the equator - we get the contrast of the additional color. Next, moving one end of the arrow to the north, the second end will move to the south, that is, the clarified color will be combined with its opposite darkened. Consider on the example of yellow color. For pure yellow color. The opposite is purple:
We move on a yellow level up to white and, accordingly, one level will shift purple, that is, darkened. We get a combination: clarified yellow - darkened purple.
A contrast combination of three colors is built on opposition of three additional colors in the color ball, connected by the vertices of the equilateral and an equifiable triangle. By connecting three colors at the equator, we will get the contrast of additional colors. Further, rotating triangles, we get multiple consonant color shades.
For pure yellow color, as in the contrast of additional colors, opposite - clean blue and clean red colors:
Swamps north of yellow - south of blue and red and we get a combination: clarified yellow, with darkened blue and red:
Similarly, you can shift and rotate the triangle as you like inside the ball, studying the resulting color consonances.
Consonance of additional colors will help create clear color accents in the interior.
Also, as we fit into the Ball of the triangle, and found the color consonance, similarly by the way: Square, a quadricon, a trapeze - you will get the color consonance of four colors.
In consistently entering polygonal geometric shapes into the ball, you will find a set of variations of color consonance.
For those who carefully read up to these lines, we will remind, at the beginning of the article we promised that the color world around you change. And so that you realize this, try to look at the interior photos that you have already seen before, but an experienced look. For example, on the same that it was at the beginning of the article:
Rate how those or other elements are located in which colors are made, why so. Which models of color combinations applied designers. Find what color may not be enough. Try mentally to imagine what you would change.
Take advantage of the color circle or color ball picking up the paint or wallpaper. Perhaps now you have a support point, and choose the options for combining colors will be easier.
For those who work or going to work with designers, now it will be much easier to understand each other, and create a joint interior in which you will be most comfortable as possible. Start to create!
In the nearest articles dedicated to the combinations of colors, we will make more detailed reviews Color variations on popular interior colors with examples and recommendations.
In the flowerism, three laws of optical mixing of colors are presented, the knowledge of which is necessary for artists in their practical work.
Small dots, strokes or strips of various colors, applied to the surface, from a certain distance seem to be monophonic, and different colors merge into one color.
First Law The optical mixing is as follows: the second chromatic color can be selected to any chromatic color, which, with optically mixed, with the first in a certain quantitative terms, gives an acromatic color.
Colors that in optical mixtures can give a sharm color, are called mutually additional colors. It can only be strictly defined colors. The ultramarine option is lemon-yellow color, to the carminno-red - bluish-green (the color of emerald green), to the lemon-yellow - ultramarine and to a bluish-green - carmino-red.
Second Law The optical mixing is that, with optical mixing of missile colors, colors are obtained, in its color tone intermediate between the mixed colors. When mixing yellow with red it turns out an orange color, when mixing yellow with green - blue color, etc.
Third Law The optical mixing is that the colors that look the same, in optical mixtures give the same results regardless of what is the physical composition of light flows that cause the feeling of these colors. "For example, the same monochromatic orange color, the wavelength of which is 610 μm, and the same orange tone, compiled from waves 590 and 630 microns, in optical mixes with other colors give exactly the same results, although in one case the color is monochromatic, and in the other complicated". However, the results of the optical mixing of colors differ from the results of mixing paints, which artists enjoy in the practice of painting.
The results of the optical mixing of colors are shown in Table 1, the results of the mixture of paints - in Table 2.
Artists are often used in painting the laws of optical mixing of colors. It is known that at the heart of the creativity of postimputsionists of the Xinyak field, George Sere - is the laws of optical summation of colors and the laws of contrast. Recalling the laws of the optical mixing of colors set forth in the book of Chevreil, Paul Signac insisted on the benefits of an optical mixing of flowers in painting compared to the usual mixing of paints. In the software book, postmingness Paul Xinyak wrote: "Any material mixture does not only lead to blackout, but also to discoloration, every optical mixture, on the contrary, leads to clarity and brilliance."
But as can be seen from Table 1, with optical mixing of additional colors and a color discoloration close to them also occurs.
The laws of the optical mixing in the practice of art knew not only postminglyonists, but also masters of Fayum painting, Pubbean painting, masters of the Venetian School of Painting High Renaissance, Diego Velasquez and many other artists.
Colored strokes on the local fresco color flax of Feeofan Greek and his students testify to the knowledge of the laws of spatial mixing of flowers, reviving the color in the icons of the Russian school.
Mixing flowers
Mixing colors is one of the most important problems of the theory and practice of the initial stage of learning painting. There are three basic laws of optical mixing colors.
First Law:the main feature of any color circle is the ratio of opposite (relative to the center of the circle) of colors, which, when mixed, gives a sharp color. Such colors are calledadditional. Complete colors are strictly defined:red - green, to yellow - blue, etc.
Second Law It is practical and suggests that the mixing of colors lying around the color circle is close to each other gives a feeling of a new color lying between mixed colors. So, for example, a mixture of red with yellow gives orange, yellow with blue - green. Thus, by mixing the three main colors (red, yellow and blue) in different proportions, you can get any color tone "considerable" optical effect.
Third Law: Same colors give the same mixtures. There are also those cases when the colors are mixed in the same color tone, but different in saturation, as well as chromatic colors with achromatic - "subtractive" optical effect.
In painting the desired color can be obtained different ways. For example, put the paint in pure form without mixing with others or get the necessary color by mixing two or several paints.
Mixing of paints with each other can be mechanical or optical (see Table 1-2). At the same time, the mixed paints can change their color shade, saturation and lightness.
Table 1. The results of the optical mixing of colors.
|
Purple |
Indigo |
Blue |
Blue-green |
Green |
Greenish yellow |
Yellow |
|
|
Red |
Purple |
Dark pink |
White-pink |
White |
White-yellow |
Golden yellow |
Orange |
|
Orange |
Dark pink |
White-pink |
White |
White-yellow |
Yellow |
Yellow |
|
|
Yellow |
White |
White-pink |
Whiten green |
Whiten green |
Greenish yellow |
||
|
Greenish yellow |
White |
Whiten green |
Whiten green |
Green |
|||
|
Green |
Whiten blue |
Aquamarine |
Blue-green |
||||
|
Blue-green |
Aquamarine |
Aquamarine |
|||||
|
Blue |
Indigo blue |
Table 2. The results of the mechanical mixing of paints.
|
Cinnabar |
orange. middle |
|||||||||
|
reddish violet wool OTT. |
serovo |
zelen-Wato |
then blue |
with blue |
green-watt |
|||||
|
Dark lily |
reddish with purple |
Serovo |
greenish |
|||||||
|
Purple |
Kornnevo purple |
Dark brown. |
SERO YOLT. |
Serovo yellowish green |
yellow-Vatu |
muddy Biro- |
||||
|
serovo green |
Yellow-green |
blue-wagged |
||||||||
|
Pinkish pinkish yellow. OTT. |
oTO. |
|||||||||
|
Pinkish |
Sandy yellow. |
|||||||||
|
Red-Wato |
Orange |
watt brown. |
||||||||
|
Red brown. |
Red brick |
vatosnov- togo. |
||||||||
|
Cinnabar |
Red Alya |
|||||||||
|
purpur Ott. |
There is some difference between the results of an optical and mechanical mixing of paints due to the physical nature of the paints. To better imagine the difference in the final result of the optical and mechanical mixing of colors and colors, you can give the following example: on the rotating disk yellow and blue color will give a gray mixture color, while the mechanical mixing of the same colors on the palette will give green paint.
When mixing paints, it is necessary to keep in mind not only the color characteristic, but also three ways to compile them:
1) method of mosaic connection of small smears (optical mixing of colors);
2) a simple mechanical mixture of paints on the palette;
3) the method of lesing is a sequential overlay of several layers of paint one on another.
Mixtures of paints in chemical composition may be homogeneous and inhomogeneous. Within one group, taken separately - luster, armrest or cabinet, they are homogeneous: allowed smooth fills and gradual transitions in lightness and color shades. Inhomogeneous mixtures are obtained by mixing lescing paints with cabinet; At the same time, the fillings become uneven, with subkear and breakdowns, and their light-resistance is often falling. Paints included in the consecutive group give satisfactory fills both with lustering and body colors.
An important circumstance that should be taken into account by the novice painter working in watercolor is in particular paints when dryingbrighten and lose greater or lesser degree color saturation.
To obtain a strong, saturated color, it is recommended to use paints with greater color.
Lesson on the materials of the book: Sokolnikova N.M. "Basics of painting."Optical mixing of colors.
Optical mixing of colors is based on the wave nature of light. It can be obtained with a very rapid rotation of the circle, the sectors of which are painted in the necessary colors. Recall how you rotate the top in childhood and was surprised for the magic conversions of the color.
In science "Flower science" (color) color is considered as a physical phenomenon. Optical and spatial mixing of colors differ from mechanical mixing of their mix. Optical mixing of flowers
The main colors in optical mix - red, green and blue.
Basic colors with mechanical blunders - red, blue and yellow.
Additional colors (two chromatic colors) with optical mixing give a achromatic color (gray).
Remember how you were in the theater or circus and rejoiced by the festive mood that creates color lighting. If you carefully follow the three beams of spotlights: red, blue and green, then it can be noted that as a result of the optical mixing of these rays it will be white.
Optical mixing of flowers
You can also conduct such an experiment to obtain a multi-color image by optical mixing of colors: take three projectors, put color filters (red, blue, green) and, at the same time crossing these rays, get almost all colors on the white screen, about it like it, like In the circus.
The sections of the screen illuminated at the same time blue and green flowerswill be blue. When the blue and red emission is addition, it turns out a purple color on the screen, and the addition of green and red is completely unexpectedly formed.
Compare: if we mix paint, then we get completely different colors. 
Mechanical mixing of flowers
Folding all three colored beams, we get white. If you set black and white slides in the projectors, you can try to make them colored using color rays. By doing this experience, it is difficult to believe that the variety of color shades can be achieved by mixing three rays: blue, green and red.
Of course, there are more complex devices for optical mixing colors, such as TV. Every day, including a color TV, you get an image on the screen with many shades of color, and it is based on the mixture of red, green and blue emissions.
Spatial mixing of colors.
The spatial mixing of colors is obtained, if you look at some distance to small, concerning each other color spots. These stains are alive in one solid spot that will have a color derived from mixing color small sections. 
J. Singer. The circus
The merging of colors is explained by the light scattering, the characteristics of the structure of the human eye and occurs according to the rules of optical mixing.
The patterns of spatial mixing of flowers are important to take into account the artist when creating any picture, since it will be considered necessarily from a certain distance. It is especially necessary to remember the possible effects of mixing colors in space when performing significant picturesque works designed for perception from a long distance.
This color property was perfectly used in their work artists-Impressionists, especially those used by the technique of a separate smear and wrote small color stains, which even gave title to the whole direction in painting - Pointelism (from french word. "Pointed" - point).
When viewed by the picture from a certain distance, small multicolored strokes are visually merged and cause a feeling of one color. 
Paul Signac. Papal Palace in Avignon
An interesting experiment on the decomposition of color to the components was carried out by an artist Giacomo Ball. Not only color, but also movement, he decomposed into the components of its phases, using the principle of consistent fixation of the movement, as when performing the instant photo. As a result, the amazing picture of the "Girl closing to the balcony" was born, which only during consideration was published on the basis of the spatial-optical mixing of colors reveals the idea of \u200b\u200bthe author. 
J. Point. Girl closed on the balcony
Mechanical mixing of colors.
The mechanical mixing of colors occurs when we mix paint, for example, on the palette, paper, canvas. Here it is necessary to clearly distinguish that the color and paint is not the same thing. Color has an optical (physical) nature, and the paint is chemical.
Flowers in nature are much larger than the paints in your set.
The color of the paints is much less saturated than the color of many objects. The brightest paint (bleel) is the lighter of the darkest (black) paint only 25-30 times. It seems that it would seem, an unresolved problem - to transfer all wealth and a variety of color ratios of nature with such scanty means in painting.
But the artists successfully solve this problem, using knowledge of the flower digital, choosing certain tonal and colorful relations.
In painting with various colors, depending on their combinations, one and the same color can be transferred and, on the contrary, one paint is different colors.
Interesting effects can be achieved if you add some black paint to each color. 
Sometimes mechanical mixing of colors can be achieved by the results, similar to the optical mixing of colors, but, as a rule, they do not match.
A vivid example - mixing of all colors on the palette is not white, both in optical mix, and dirty gray, brown, brown or black.
For lesson, the text of E. Stasenko "Imit the Imitment Course"
Lessees It is called a method of applying watercolor with transparent strokes (as a rule, darker on top of the lighter), one layer on top of another, while the lower no time should be dry. Thus, the paint in different layers is not mixed, and works on the lumen, and the color of each fragment is folded from colors in its layers. When working in this technique you can see the borders of smears. But, since those are transparent, it does not spoil painting, but gives it a kind of invoice. The strokes are accurately carried out in order not to damage and not blur already dried picturesque areas. 
Perhaps the main advantage is the possibility of creating paintings in the style of realism, i.e. The most accurately reproducing one or another environmental fragment. Such work externally have a certain similarity, for example, with oil painting, however, in contrast to it, they retain transparency and color ringing, despite the presence of several layers of paint.
Bright, fresh lescing paints give watercolor work special combustion of color, lightness, tenderness and radiant coloring.
Lesstation is a saturated color technique, deep shadows filled with colorful reflexes, soft air plans and infinite Dale technique. Where there is a task to achieve color intensity, the multi-layer reception is in the first place.
Lesstation is indispensable in shaded interiors and remote plans to panoramas. The softness of the interior lighting in a calm scattered light with a multitude of all sorts of reflexes and the complexity of the overall picturesque state of the interior can only be transferred to the lesser technique. In panoramic painting, where it is necessary to transfer the most important air gradations of promising plans, it is impossible to use cabinet receptions; Here you can reach the goals only with lescing.
When writing in this technique, the artist is relatively independent in the issue of chronological framework: no need to hurry, there is time to think without a rush. Work on the picture can be divided into several sessions, depending on the possibilities, necessity and, in fact, the desire of the author. This is especially important when working with the images of a large format, when you can perform various fragments of the future picture separately from each other with their subsequent final association.
Due to the fact that the lesing is performed on dry paper, it is possible to achieve excellent control over the accuracy of the smears, which allows you to maximize its intention. Gradually, applying one layer of watercolor after another, it is easier to choose the necessary shade for each element in the figure and get the desired color solution.
As practice, we will draw a sheet of wood. The sheet will suit absolutely any, below I will give examples of photos from which the sheet can be sught.
An example of phased-drawing sheets can be viewed by reference.
Creating a design of any space begins with color. Determining with the general style of the room, the designer already represents it in certain colors, since it is they send fantasy into the right channel. The combination of colors in the interior design is one of the factors pointing to the style, the subject of the room. Country style is dominated by noble rich tones, all shades of wood, white, beige, bordeaux, brown. To create a "Provence" style, pastel colors are used with slight intestinal dark shades. On the "Sea" style indicate blue, white, gray, blue and dark wood color. The classic is characterized by a wide range of beige, chocolate, coffee. Ethnic style Plays contrasts, using brown, bardo, black, redhead. Choice color solutions - This is the most important stage, from which the success of the interior design in general depends.
The joke that all men distinguish only 16 colors, as in the default settings, it has real roots: a woman's eye is much more "color-sensitive" cells.
However, as studies show, human eye is able to perceive a huge number of colors and their shades: about 250 pure and more than 10 million mixed.
Not to get lost with such a variety will help a simple understanding of the colors of the main spectrum.
They are only seven: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. Taking on the basis of these colors, diluting them or mixing them with each other, the colorists create a huge number of tones and shades for use in the interior. These are the so-called achromatic colors add to them, that is, not carrying any color load. Their only three: black, white, gray.
The feeling of warmth is caused red, orange, yellow, and their all sorts of shades. Warm colors use to make the room more cozy, add light into a poorly lit room, adjust too much empty space.
The feeling of coolness impose blue, purple, blue and their different tones. Cold colors are suitable for well-lit rooms, visually expand the space, give freshness, cheerfulness.
How to choose a harmonious combination of colors in the interior design?
The choice of colors and their combinations are a complex process, which sometimes puts even professional designers in a dead end. But with the help of a universal simple to apply the color circle to cope with the faithful selection of colors can now anyone. It is only necessary to remember that inside one room should be combined from three to five colors, no more.
Color circle
This is a proven and reliable way for calm natures that do not like to risk too much. The room is "filled" with all sorts of shades of the same color: from the deepest, saturated to the lung, barely distinguishable. Smooth transitions and a guaranteed successful combination will give the interior of calm, harmony, peace.
The way radically opposed to the previous one. As a basis, two contrasting colors are taken on the color circle opposite each other. Contrasts are played in the interior with neutral colors, such as black, white, gray.
As a basis, one of the colors are taken, in which I would like to make a room. Two more, located on the left and to the right of it in the color circle, are "delivered" to it. In this case, the colors will form an original and beautiful combination, without sharp transitions.
A somewhat more brave move, but without excessive odds. To identify three successfully combined colors, a triangle is used. It can be turned inside the circle until the angles indicate the most pleasant eye combination for each individual case.
The effect of color on the mood and emotion of a man has long been open. That is why it should be very carefully picking up the color for interior decoration, depending on the designation of the room.
It is not recommended to make a bedroom with sharp contrast tones, since this place is designed to relax and calm down. It is perfectly suitable pastel colors, inappropriate shades. Warm gamma is preferred, but cool shades can also be used if the room is small, and the windows come south. Make comfort in cold colors will help competently selected accessories, adding white, the correct placement of accents.
In the interior of the living room you can be bolder with the choice of color solutions. The game with contrasts or the use of catchy accents will add cheerfulness and give the interior a stylish spectacular look. If the windows look north - it's worth getting warm shades as the basis of the interior. If the living room is small - it can be slightly "expanded" by applying a light cold palette. It is important to take into account that cold tones are good only for bright rooms, where the sun does not leave the room for a long time.
