New construction, as well as repairs, are for our compatriot hardly the biggest headache. The construction of the house or repair of the apartment requires very serious material and physical costs. It is also often a person who faces repair, tries to perform everything with his own hands, which is in his power.
In most cases, it turns out that almost everything construction works Under the power to do not even specialist in one or another sphere. This also applies to such a task as, which is especially relevant to private house-building. Before running to the construction hypermarket or market, pay a little time to mathematics. To begin with, you will need to calculate the structural elements of the stairs, and only then go to the materials for the design. , width and length of design - all this needs to be thought out.
In this article, we will tell how to make the right, in accordance with the designations of design, security and, of course, common sense. Thanks to this article, you can make a calculation and with your own hands build a staircase in a private house from any materials.
Thanks to our resource, you have already been able to familiarize yourself with the types of stairs designs, and with the main building materialsapplicable to their manufacture. In a residential building, the most common march staircases are made of wood, less often metallic or reinforced concrete structures. Before proceeding with the elementary design of the stairs with their own hands, you must estimate the length of the staircase march, select the material and calculate the carrying ability of the staircase.
To determine the bearing ability, it is customary to dismember the holistic design on separate beams - necessarily statically defined. Depending on the type of pinching of the staircase march - hard on both sides, hinged, and maybe at all the console - the formula is selected to determine the main power factors. What is especially important to take into account when calculating the design with your own hands? Walking and running on the stairs is a kind of type of dynamic effects, even if minor. therefore bearing structures Stairs are required to have sufficient rigidity that will provide a deflection of no more than 1/400 span. The total load (constant + temporary) on the stair marches and the residential sites should be no more than 300 kg / m2.
It is scientifically confirmed that energy consumption for overcoming the horizontal distance of the widow is less than the energy costs on the rise in the inclined surface. Due to this, the ladder formula is practically established, which will be the most comfortable and safe for operation: the size of the sticky and the double height of the riser in the amount should give a middle step of an adult. The projection of the human step is considered to be equal on average 600 - 640 mm. Then, denoting the height of the approach of the letter A, the width of the sticky - the letter B, the formula will look: 2a + b \u003d 600-640 (mm). Alternative method for calculating the size of the steps
Calculate these parameters can and more simple way: a + b \u003d 450 (mm). This value is permissible to adjust 20 mm with a large or smaller side. Following these recommendations, it can be concluded that the step is obliged to provide a comfortable step when the leg relies on the entire plane. Therefore, for stickies, a width in the range of 200-320 mm is prescribed. Most often, coming is taken equal to 300 mm, and 150 mm is prescribed height. These geometric dimensions ensure that the stairs it will be convenient for you to move without hazardous health.
Idea! Having made a suitable attachment, you can increase its width. It should be noted that the length of the hinding over the lower-running step is taken within 50 mm for reinforced concrete or 30 mm for stairs from wood.
Speaking about the conditions of comfort of movement on a metal staircase or in design from another material, it should be noted that the dimensions of the steps, and the angle of inclination of its canvas to the horizontal surface. It is believed that the greatest operational reliability and convenience are the designs that have an angle of inclination equal to 23-37 degrees.
The stairs with greater can be used more space in the room, the steep on the contrary allows saving space. But, from the point of view of rationality, practical value does not represent neither the others. When the angle of inclination is less than 23 degrees, you can do the usual ramp. On the contrary, if the angle of inclination exceeds 45 degrees, then it is more logical to use the filthy stepladers. When the angle of inclination is more than 40-45 degrees, it is necessary to descend from the staircase back forward, otherwise it will be simply unsafe.
The angle of inclination together with the height of the floor determine the number of steps in one march. If you have decided where the ladder will be located in the plan, measured the height of the floor, you can calculate the number of steps with your own hand graphics. Then, according to the formulas, check the size of the sticky.
Tip! To build an accurate section of the staircase, it is best to use the Millimeter paper: on comfortable paper in a cage correctly make the calculation of the stairs in a private house will be easiest way.
If you have another small leakage, you should talk a little about the interdependence of the geometry of the stairs and the height of the floors. They call the difference between the level (marker) of the floor of the lower floor and the top. Thus, when you consider the height of the floor yourself, do not forget to turn on the thickness of the finish (screed, ceramic tile, parquet or linoleum, etc.). In the design of private housing, the height of the floor is 2.8 or 3.0 m, as well as 2.7 or 3.3 m (most importantly: more than 2.4 m and multiple 300 mm). With the specified altitudes, you can easily place the staircase in a residential space, and the accepted dimensions of the steps will respond to security standards. 
So, as we have already had to note, every step on the stairs, which has a different stage in the height of the stage, is in charge of the danger of injury, especially at night. Therefore, in order to calculate how to align the height of the steps with your own hands in housing with non-standard floors, it is recommended to undertake the level of pure floor of the staircase, which is above, with respect to the floor of the entire floor. This difference should not be made straight (in the form of a clamp), and organize a small ramp. The angle of inclination of the ramp will be insignificant, so it does not deliver discomfort when walking. There is another simple way to determine the size of the steps - graphic. It is possible to determine the width and height of each stage using an elementary graph. If we consider that a person is convenient to take a step equal to a 620 mm plane, then you will also understand what to raise your foot is capable of only half of the specified height - by 310 mm. Applying a breakdown on a horizontal axis with a step of 620 mm, and on the vertical - after 310 mm and, indicating the angle of inclination of the stairs, you will receive the intersection points that will correspond to the optimal parameters. Whatever the stairs for the material (metal or wooden, glass or concrete), this technique is valid and applied only for marching structures. You can also use one of the numerous staircase calculation services.
Independent construction of the stairs in own home It should always be preceded by calculations and preparation of the project - assembly drawing. Without this, it is impossible to build a truly convenient, reliable and decorating interior - simply impossible. When carrying out the necessary calculations, naturally, repel from the actual conditions, that is, on the characteristics of the location of the future staircase.
Some of the basic parameters of any staircase are the size of its steps - their height and width. These values \u200b\u200bare not taken arbitrarily - they must obey certain rules that are based on maximum convenience and the safety of moving people along the staircase march. There are several methods for determining the parameters mentioned - on tables, so called "security formula" Stairs, on the graphic construction of its profile. We offer the reader calculator calculating the size of the stairs. He needs some explanations that will be shown below.
Going to make a wooden or metal staircase with your own hands you need to pay a lot of attention to calculations. Despite the seeming simplicity - the staircase is a very complex engineering design, each node of which should be thought out, and together they must create a single ensemble.
The metal / wooden staircase project should include accounting for its functional and decorative component. Make it will be the harder than the less you have experience in this kind. Since not every day we are calculated, then you need to paint in detail how to make the calculation of the stairs to the second floor of a private house. General principles Building wooden and metal stairs do not differ. As the saying goes, "the devil lies in the details." It is them and consider in detail.
It is worth noting that the arrangement of stairs in multi-unit or administrative buildings Regulated by many documents. The main of these GOST 23120-78 stairs marches, platforms and fences steel and SNiP IV-14-84 Collection of 1-14 stairs.
However, in private homes, the height of which is often limited to two floors, the owner is free in choosing a configuration. Although, of course, the basic rules for the construction of the stairs must be supplemented.
Make a straight staircase in accordance with the standards in a private house interferes with the limitations of space. Therefore, many owners prefer complex designs: a marching staircase with a rotation or screw. Professionals put forward several recommendations as to where and how to place a staircase in the house so that she takes little space.
Useful tips from experienced masters:
In a private house there is an opportunity not so strictly follow standards and gta stories. However, the basic principles of the arrangement of the ladder must be observed, since the disregard of them may entail a decrease in the safety of this engineering structure.
Before proceeding with the calculations, you need to know that there are two important factors that will affect the result.
From the point of view of the design, all stairs can be divided into three types:
In private houses, a wooden and metal staircase with running steps is popular (with a rotation of 90, 180, 360 degrees).
The frame of a metal and wooden staircase can be made in three versions:
Many users do not know what to take into account to calculate the ladder correctly. Professionals argue that accounting of the three main parameters will make the design safe, beautiful and convenient to operate.
The ladder parameters are shown in the picture
The height is the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor (not the ceiling) of the second. Often the staircase upper end rests on the first floor ceiling. For the convenience of moving over such a staircase, there is a lumen.
The distance from the stage to the ceiling can be calculated as follows: the growth of the highest family member is taken and 100 mm is added. The recommended value of the lumen (the working height of the stairs) is 2 m. This value must be constant throughout the march.
Note. It is possible to place a staircase in residential rooms only if the rooms of the first and second floors are heated. Otherwise, it should be placed in a non-residential room.
For traditional marching structure, the length of the staircase is equal to the length of the march or the sum of the length of the marches plus the staircase between them.
When calculating the length of the screw staircase or stairs with overtakers, the average march length is calculated. In this case, the measurement is performed at a distance of 50 cm. From the railing (edge \u200b\u200bof the span).
The width is the distance of the stairs from the wall or between two handrails. Recommended parameters are shown in the diagram.
This is due to the fact that the gag steps are narrowed to the central element of the stairs.
The angle of inclination determines the convenience of using the stairs. Too cool, the staircase allows you to save a useful space, haul makes movement more comfortable.
The type of stairs depending on the steepness is shown in Fig. It is clearly seen here, at what angle should be a staircase in a residential room.
The most comfortable version for movement is in the green drawing area.
Material prepared for WWW.Site site
Note. At the angle of tilt over 45 °, you can only go back the stairs.
As practice shows, most often in the house apply combined options. To understand how an angle to put the handrail on the stairs, you need to hold a parallel between the base of the staircase (Kosoour, the guilty) and pave the handrail. Mathematically, this is a simple calculation of the angle on the Pythagorean theorem.
The number of steps is not regulated and depends on the height of the stairs and the height of the sticking (risen). In two-post stairs, it is recommended to do the same number of steps in both marches, but in practice, the steps are distributed between marches of irregular.
Note. For apartment buildings, the number of steps is regulated and amounts to 9-11 steps.
The distance between adjacent steps of 150 mm is recognized most convenient for movement.
Note. For those who make the stairs with their own hands - an excess height is easy to remove, adjusting the height of the sticky between the last and the penultimate step or between the first and second.
On the step of the stairs you need to rely on the full foot. Consequently, the optimal width of the staircase should be at least 230 mm. (35 size). The minimum permissible is 100 mm width. But frequent walking in such steps is fraught with injuries.
Note. If you increase the width of the step over 650 mm (the average length of the step of the adult), then when walking on such a staircase, you can get lost and stupid.
Increase the width of the stage by means of the stage. At the same time, the step should not hang over the previous one by more than 50 mm. Note. Having calculated the width of the stairs, do not forget that the distance between the balusters should be within 100-150 mm. Otherwise, such a fence will be unsafe. In turn, the balasins are installed so that the aesthetics of the fence is maintained - one on the stage, two per step or otherwise.
Stage length is determined by the design of the stairs. If two tents are used as the main constructive element - The length of the stage corresponds to the distance between them. If Kosur (one or two), then the length of the stage is determined by the customer.
Since all parameters are related to each other, to calculate them, it is enough to have basic knowledge of geometry. We will show how to calculate the staircase on the example.
In this case, the calculation is simple and suited to those who have a lot of free space in the room.
Determined as follows. The width of the ceiling overlap in 200 mm is added to the height of the room in 3000 mm. The resulting value is 3200 mm. We divide by 160 mm (recommended height of the approacon) we obtain the number 20. Those. The staircase will contain 20 steps.
Based on the fact that the recommended width of the stage is 300 mm - the length of the staircase should be 6000 mm (20 steps 300 mm). Or, if the stage is made by 50 mm, the length of the staircase will be 5000 mm (20 steps per 250 mm (300 mm - 50 mm)).
It is determined as: from 3000 mm (the height of the room) is subtracted 1900 (the recommended value of the lumen). We get 1100 mm. This value is separated by 160 mm (height of the stage) and we obtain the number of steps over which the overlap can be located. Outcome of the calculation - 6,875, i.e. 7 steps.
The remaining 13 of the 20 steps should be located in the freezing zone free. Otherwise, walking under them will be uncomfortable. The width of the stage is 300 mm, then the width of the opening will be 13x300 mm \u003d 3900 mm.
Checking 1100 (overlapping width) + 3900 (width of the opening) \u003d 6000 (ladder length)
However, not everyone has the opportunity to leave 6 or 5 meters under the staircase. In this case, it is worth playing the width of the stage or the height of the sticky. And you can make a staircase with a turn or with the steps "duck step". Such structures are more complex, which means it will also be more complicated.
An example of a drawing of a metal staircase on one Kourow
These calculations are more complex and can be performed by several methods. Among them are known as follows:
These methods combines the need for basic knowledge in the design of the design. The scheme of the stairs in graphical interpretation obtained by described above methods is shown in the figure.
Fits a newcomer in the design area and makes it easy to calculate, both marching straight and stairs with running steps or screws. After all, there is a feature, namely, the steps are narrowed to the center.
Calculation of a metal or wooden staircase with running steps 90 and 180 degrees by proportions is based on a uniform distribution of space on the rotary area. The calculation is performed in this way:
Data from the sketch is transferred to the staircase blanks according to the scale.
The ladder scheme with running steps and turning 90 degrees is clearly represented in the drawings.
The staircase with running steps with a rotation of 180 degrees is calculated in the same way.
The scheme of the stairs with running steps with a rotation of 180 degrees is presented below
Such a method of calculation can not be called ultra-precise, but calculations sufficient to build the staircase with their own hands, you can get. If you do not trust him, you can contact a specialist or use the computer program.
The process is similar to the calculation of the stairs with running steps. The difference is only in the method of fastening. It is possible to fasten or without it.
The calculation of the staircase of the spiral type is performed similarly to the calculation of running steps. But in this case, you need to accurately determine the configuration. From the point of view of the design there may be four types.
Note. Spiral staircase It is considered the most dangerous in terms of moving.
Drawings of screw stairs
This configuration is good because it takes a minimum of space, but in the manufacture and operation of such stairs are very troublesome. The staircase is installed, the duck step is established if the angle of the slope exceeds 45 degrees, and there is no desire to use an appal staircase. The peculiarity of this design is that only one leg is based on one step. However, despite this, the design of such a staircase is no different from the frame of the route. The difference is only in the form of steps.
Scheme of stairs stairs goose step
Note. According to the standard, the number of steps in the stairs duck should be odd. Moreover, the first stage is preferably to do on the right. This is explained by the fact that most users have a leading leg right. The maximum coming is also installed on the right.
The software method allows you to create a 3D project, visualize the project and get a staircase drawing with an accurate indication of all parameters. Programs received the greatest distribution as:
Calculation of the computer method or method of proportions already implies the presence of a drawing of the future staircase. However, even those who make a simple marching staircase worth creating a sketch with sizes applied to it.
Note. On the sketch you need to apply not only the parameters of the stairs, but also indicate the main parameters of the room. For example, the presence and size of the window protruding the windowsill, columns or other objects that can be placed to change the configuration or parameters of the stairs during operation.
Prepared, therefore, you can start building the stairs with your own hands.
Most often, two-story owned homes are erected. Some have home and greater floors. But all at home combines the fact that stairs are thought out at the design stage. The latter are not only the main transition to the upper floors, but also an important attribute in the interior.
The main measurements for which the stairs are chosen and build stairs are safety, convenience, long service life and aesthetic aspect. To correctly calculate the size of the stairs, its steps, you need to have accurate size of the room, where all this beauty will be.
The size and number of building materials for the staircase made of wood depend on its design (straight, with turns, spiral, etc.). To calculate the wooden staircase online, select the desired calculator:
If the room allows, the ladders of the swing type are constructed. They are suitable for a solemn and little pompous interior. In it, the swollen staircase will emphasize all the advantages. But most often they set a narrow single-span staircase, which takes up little space, but also decorates the room.
Straight wooden staircase on assets
The most popular material is a tree, because any products from it give the room sophistication and comfort. With proper care, the wooden staircase will serve as a wooden staircase. The main thing is to ensure that the fire does not get to it, for the tree has a significant drawback. It quickly obeys fire that can destroy the stairs.
Wooden staircase with twists 90 degrees and smooth areas
The most important element of the staircase design is a step. If in time and qualitatively design them, it will save the owners of the house from many troubles. Calculating the required number of steps, strictly adhere to several rules.
First, the size and height of all steps should be the same. Secondly, the construction of the staircase with three steps is allowed, but no less. The maximum allowed number of steps is eighteen. Designing a house, calculate the acceptable slope of the stairs. It is at least 30 degrees.
Wooden staircase with swivel steps
Steps make the same width that the width of the human foot. Then the housekens do not have to rise on tiptoe or take extra steps. There is a publicly available formula for calculating the width of the standard staircase: a \u003d 45-b.
In formula A, denotes the width of the stage, B is the height of the riser, and 45 is the ideal amount of these two parameters. Reward and swivel steps are calculated on this formula only partially. The formula is suitable for calculating the width of the step directly in its middle. Another 10 cm is added to the results obtained. When building the staircase, first of all pay attention not to compactness, but for comfortableness.
