Manufacturers of modern boilers, constantly improving their products, give it new features and at the same time complicate the choice of the desired boiler and its adjustment. This is no wonder, because the system of heating is modern country house It consists not only of boiler, pipes, radiators under the windows, but it also includes many heating circuits, which should be entrusted with automatic controllers.
Otherwise, homeowners will have to constantly adjust individual elements manually to ensure a sufficient level of comfort. However, a more complex management system is always a higher price. "Do I need it?" - Specifies the rhetorical question of the buyer.
In this small article, we will try to convey to readers physics of processes in the working system of heating, which is inherent in all heating systems, including complex. To have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat you have or gonna acquire is very important when choosing a heating system, its operation or modification. In the structure modern Systems Heating has already laid functions that imply its modification and improvement.
So, two boiler automation is entrusted essential functions: Security system and thermal comfort. Of course, security has the highest priority among other tasks. For example, the upper limit for regulating boiler water is set in such a way that it will never exceed the limit level due to the temperature. The magnitude of the possible temperature of the temperature depends on the design and material of the boiler and is taken into account by the automation manufacturer when the upper temperature limit in the boiler is set.
In our article, we focus on the work of automatics to ensure comfortable temperatures in heated rooms.
The feeling of thermal comfort is largely subjective. In this regard, specialists in the field of climatic systems operate with the concept of the complex of comfort by phaginner. It provides seven positions corresponding to subjective feelings.
This or that room temperature is established when the balance between thermal losses and heat transfer devices is achieved. At the same time, to maintain a given temperature value, any change in the heat loss caused by the change in weather should be compensated by the corresponding correction of the temperature of the coolant or its volumetric flow through the heating devices.
Consider at the beginning of the second case, namely the regulation of the room temperature by changing the bulk flow through the heating devices.
This task is easily solved with thermostatic valvesmounted on radiators or convectors. In this case, the task of boiler automation to maintain the temperature of the coolant at a given level (simply turn the potentiometer knob on the boiler console, setting the desired temperature). In most boilers, everything happens and does not imply nothing more. The algorithm of the boiler is varied depending on the burner: modulation, one or two-stage.
When working with a single-stage burnertemperature controller works as a threshold switch that includes and turns off the burner when the temperature feed is reached the threshold values. Between the thresholds of inclusion and shutdown, a certain difference is a "hysteresis of inclusion". As a rule, the on and off thresholds are arranged symmetrically relative to a given feed temperature so that the average temperature value for the extended period coincides with the specified one.
Problem It occurs when the volume of the coolant is small, and heat consumption is significantly less than the power of the burner, the temperature of the burner will grow too quickly. Occurs danger of too frequent burner inclusionsWhat can affect its resource. The problem is overcome different ways. For example, using the hysteresis value varying.
With low heat loads and, accordingly, short periods of boiler warming up, the increased value of the hysteresis is valid. If for the predetermined hysteresis time, the shutdown threshold was not achieved, the magnitude of the hysteresis automatically linearly decreases to the standard 5 gr. Celsius. The company "Budyrus" uses another algorithm called "dynamic switching" - when the feed temperature, comic or decreasing, is compared with the specified temperature and the system begins to calculate the integral of the mismatch change in time.
Turning on and off the burner occurs when the integral is achieved by the integral of the specified value, which is the temperature of the switch when the boiler is fast, than when slow. Thus, the switching threshold automatically adjusts to the characteristics of the heating system and the magnitude of heat consumption
For two-stage burnersthe process is not fundamentally different from what is considered above - only switching thresholds are twice as much.
Modulation burnerit makes it possible to constantly proportional to regulate the flow temperature, when the magnitude of the power of the burner linearly depends on the magnitude of the temperature mismatch. However, this regulation is not always possible, since many modulation torches have a power smoothly not from zero, but from 30-40% of the maximum value. If the heat consumption in the heating circuit is lower than this border, then we are confronted again with threshold regulation. So far, we have considered the processes when the set temperature of the boiler was installed manually by the potentiometer on the boiler console, and the task of the boiler automation was to maintain this temperature.
Maintain a comfortable temperature in the room by regulating the temperature of the boiler water. This happens by introducing a room thermostat into the system.
Note that the room thermostat is usually not included in the standard set of boiler. Managing the work of the boiler in order to maintain a given temperature indoor can be carried out by one of two types of regulation: two-position (enable / disable) or continuous. In the first case, the control algorithm is the same as for a boiler with a single-stage burner. However, compared with the temperature of the boiler water, the room temperature changes significantly more slowly and this can lead it to large elections for threshold values. Therefore, two-position regulation is not recommended usually for heating systems with boilers more than 25-30 kW.
With continuous regulation The control exposure is the feed temperature variable depending on the deviation of the room temperature. The temperature sensor should be located in some specific room (call it reference) and the temperature in other rooms is set relative to the temperature of this reference room. Comfortable temperature B. different rooms differs from each other. In the bedroom, for example, it is lower. The day of the room is usually empty and maintained comfortable temperature - meaningless, empty waste of money.
Of course, the function of the task and performing the daily chart of temperature in the room. Daily temperature programming is often possible for different days of the week (weekdays, holidays, parties, vacation). A large problem with this control method becomes regulation of temperature in rooms relative to the reference, by linking to a single circuit.
In addition, improving comfort in the reference room, we risk reduce it in other rooms tied to the same control circuit. In addition, thermostators cannot be used in the reference room. heating devicesAs they are independent management systems with the same input parameters as the automation boiler.
To control the boiler, heating water at once for several heating circuits with different characteristics, it requires a general input parameter for these contours. A simple and effective solution was found.
Use as an input temperature air temperature outside the building
Indeed, the supply temperature of any heating circuit required to compensate for heat loss in the rooms is associated with the temperature of the outer air well known ratios that in the graphical representation are commonly called heating graphs or heating curves. It remains only to lay these ratios for each specific circuit in the algorithm of the boiler room control system. In the automation of most manufacturers, you must select one of the proposed curves. There are other approaches to this problem, such as the boiler boilers, it is enough to set two points by which the automation itself will build the entire curve. Note that it is extremely important to have a temperature sensor on the north side of the house in the distance from such heat sources as windows and flue pipes. In this case, weather-dependent automation works as correct as possible.
And what will happen if you open a window?System that controls the boiler Iotopy circuits by external temperaturecan react to unforeseen changes thermal Balance in heated premises. In most cases, such an opportunity is laid in the form of an automatic adjustment (most often - parallel transfer) of the heating curve of the corresponding circuit based on indications room sensor temperatures.
Moreover, many manufacturers offer an additionally to weather-dependent automation also a room thermostat. When sharing external and room sensors, thermal mode can be adjusted with additional sources of heat in the room. Simply put, if the stove is turned on in the kitchen, and due to this, the warmer is there, the controller "Consider" this fact and corrects the indicators external sensors Or the room is on the sunny side and requires heating only when the sun "leaves."
As the cost of automation to its capabilities, the ability to control more complex burners (with a step, step-by-progressive and modulation adjustment), a node of preparation hot water, one or more (the number of radiator contours is growing), low-temperature (warm floor) contours, implement various other programs (connecting solar water heaters), etc.
Let's summarize: what are all these difficulties with weather-dependent management? How is it better than the elementary scheme "Copper on a constant" plus thermostators on all batteries?
Supporters of weather-dependent management It is said that in the bulk of the heating season, the need for heat is much less than the calculated, so the coolant is constantly warm to the maximum temperature - in a vain waste of money. It is especially effective in the period of frost and thaws, thereby achieved the most comfortable room temperature and significant resource savings, because the inertia of the system and the boiler does not have to make an extra work, burning fuel. In addition, in the case of working with a constant temperature of the coolant, and it is almost always high, heat loss, which are growing, the greater the larger the temperature of the coolant. In general, the efficiency of the boiler decreases with increasing average temperature Boiler water.
Most Western manufacturers ( « Buderus.» , "Viessmann") make a bet onthe release of low-temperature boilers.
The opponents of the weather-dependent management appeal to the fact that the price of such automation is too high. And the price of fuel while completely compensates for costs.
Turn to specialists. on the forum, the site definitely says that the weather-dependent automation saves money and this is not counting the comfort that it brings to the house and provides a longer trouble-free job.
The company "Time" offers a programmable controller as a weather-dependent automation calormatic 430 West. In fact, it works as a remote remote control from the boiler. Homeowner does not have to run into the boiler room to make warmer or cold, if it installs a panel with a display in a convenient location.
To select the optimal gas boiler, you need to figure it out in its features.
Most wide use in everyday life received water boilers low power.
These aggregates are economical and easy to operate, and also have many configurations and models, each of which has its advantages.
One of the main elements gas boiler Is his burner. This is a special equipment that makes the preparation of fuel to burning and supplying it into the combustion chamber, where the jet of the gas-air mixture flames and highlights heat. The correct burner selection will ensure maximum fuel combustion efficiency, increase the total efficiency (efficiency) of the boiler and reduce the financial costs of fuel.
There are various species gas burners. To do right choice Burners, you need to take into account the type of gas burned, its calorieness, pressure, appointment and design of the boiler.
Household and spatial water heating boilers usually work on two types of fuel:
The physical characteristics of these gases differ from each other, therefore burner devices for burning them have their differences. But the type of fuel burned does not limit the selection of the unit. Any gas boiler on natural gas can be converted to burning propane and vice versa.
On a note.To ensure complete and efficient combustion of fuel, it must be pre-mixed with air, which contains oxygen necessary for combustion. There are several ways to prepare a gas-air mixture.
Atmospheric burners have simple design In the form of a pipe with holes. A gas is supplied to the pipe and comes out of the holes in the combustion chamber, where it is mixed with air. To ensure permanent air intake, combustion chambers are used open type.
Advantages of atmospheric burners:
Disadvantages of atmospheric burners:
Blowing (fan) burners have a more complex design that includes a fan. It produces forced air injection, in the required quantities, and mixing it with gas. Mixing can occur completely preliminary, partially advanced and during combustion.
The use of blowing burners provides for the use of boilers with closed chamber Combustion, with necessarily the presence of an additional fan for combustion products. Gas boilers with a compulsory burden do not need the presence of a bulky gas plant. Gas removal can be done with chimney Small diameter.
Advantages of blowing burners:
Disadvantages of blowing burners:
Diffuse-kinetic gas burners. The air into the combustion chamber is partially added, the rest is supplied directly into the flame. Such burners are rarely used in gas bolery Heating.
To ensure permanent maintenance temperature mode The room uses automatic systems. Automation for gas boilers of heating is a prerequisite, because a person does not always control the process of operation of the boiler. The automation performs the following functions: adjust the air temperature in the room and protect the boiler from accidents. There are several types of burners by type of temperature control.
The undoubted leader in the efficiency of work is the modulated gas burners, as they provide:
After reviewing S. various species Gas burners can with confidence decide on the choice of exactly the burner that is suitable for your goals.
Single-stage, two-stage and modulated burners for heating boilers. Overview.
When choosing burners, consumers turn out to be a difficult task - Which burner to choose . This choice allows them to make a small comparison of the burners of various manufacturers by type of regulation and the level of automation of the burner.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the opinion of the specialists of our company based on the experience of the use of combined, liquid fuel and gas burner Weishaupt., ELCO, CIB Unigas and Baltur.
Let's determine the basic requirements that are presented to the burners, depending on the application. Depending on the application, the burners can be divided into groups.
Group 1. Burners for individual heating systems (In this group, we attribute burners with a capacity of up to 500 - 600 kW, which are installed in boiler houses of private houses, small production and trade and administrative buildings).
When choosing burners for this consumer group, it is necessary to take into account the wishes of the buyer in the level of automation of the individual boiler room:
· If you do not show elevated technical requirements to installed equipment and wish to have a reliable boiler room that does not require large initial financial investments, you can choose from burners with single-stage, two-stage modes of work;
· If as a result you want to build a high automation heating system, weather-dependent regulation, as well as low fuel and energy consumption, then you better apply modulated burners or burners with split-two-stage regulationthat will provide the ability to program power and a wide operating burner control range.
Group 2. Burners for large residential complex heating systems (In this group we attribute burners with a capacity of more than 600 kW for the needs of housing and communal services, central heating, as well as for heat supply of large industrial and trade and administrative buildings).
· For this group, smoothly two-step or modulated burners are ideal. This is due: the high capacity of boiler rooms, the wishes of the customer to build a boiler room with a high level of automation, the desire to provide the highest possible fuel consumption and electricity (apply frequency regulation Fan power), as well as apply equipment for automatic regulation by residual oxygen in flue gases (oxygen regulation).
Group 3. Burners for use on technological equipment (This group includes burners of any power, depending on the power of the technological equipment).
· For this group are preferred modulated burners. The choice of data burners is defined not even so much by the wishes of the customer, but the technological requirements of production. For example: in some production processes, it is required to withstand a strictly defined temperature schedule and prevent temperature drops, otherwise it can lead to a violation technological process, spoilement products and as a result to significant financial losses. The burners with stepped adjustment can also be used on technological installations, but only in cases where minor fluctuations in temperature are permissible and do not entail negative consequences.
Brief description of the principle of operation of the burner with different types Regulation.
Single-stage burners They work only in one power range, work m heavy for boiler mode. When operating single-stage burners, frequent inclusions and turning off the burner, which adjusts the automation of the boiler unit.
Two-stage burners , as follows from the name, have two power steps. The first step, as a rule, provides 40% of power, and the second is 100%. The transition from the first stage to the second occurs depending on the controlled parameter of the boiler (coolant temperature or steam pressure), the on / off modes depend on the automation of the boiler.
Seamless two-stage burners Allow a smooth transition from the first step to the second one. This is something average between the two-stage and modulated burner.
Modulated burners Heat the boiler continuously, as needed to raise or reducing power. The range of burning mode changes - from 10 to 100% of the rated power.
Modulated burners are divided into three types on the principle of operation of modulating devices:
1. Burners with a mechanical modulation system;
2. Burners with a pneumatic modulation system;
3. Burners with electronic modulation.
Unlike burners with mechanical and pneumatic modulation, electronic modulation burners allow us to ensure the maximum possible control accuracy, since mechanical errors are excluded in the operation of burner devices.
Price advantages and disadvantages
Of course, modulated burners are more expensive than stepped models, but they have a number of advantages in front of them. The mechanism of smooth power control allows the cyclical to turn on-off boilers to a minimum, which significantly reduces the mechanical stresses on the walls and in the nodes of the boiler, and therefore extends its "life". Fuel economy is at least 5%, and with competent configuration you can achieve 15% and above.. And finally, the installation of modulated burners does not require replacement of expensive boilers, if they function properly, while increasing the efficiency of the boiler.
Against the background of shortcomings of stepped burners of the dignity of modulated burners are obvious. The only factor forcing managers to make a choice in favor of stepped models is their lower price. But saving of this kind of deceptive: is it not better to spend a big amount to more advanced, economical and eco-friendly burners? Moreover, costs will pay off in the next few years!
Many buyers understand the benefit of using modulated burners, and now they can only choose the necessary models. What manufacturers are better to contact? Even with a superficial study of prices for imported and domestic burners, it can be seen that the difference is very significant. Some models of foreign manufacturers are more expensive than products. russian production more than twice.
A detailed analysis of the burner manufacturers market shows that Russian equipment is significantly inferior to imported analogues in terms of automation. In order to achieve high level automation of the burner of Russian production, it is necessary to invest no less cash for the purchase required systems Automation and installation work and equipment setup. Based on the results of all the work, it turns out that the cost of the adapter-based burners of Russian production is close to the value of import burners. But at the same time, you will not have a 100% guarantee that the dunk Russian burner will provide you with the necessary result.
Conclusion of our specialists
The right choice of burner is an important stage in the construction or modernization of the boiler room. On how responsible you come to this issue depends further work heating equipment. Stable burner work, compliance with environmental standards, a longer service life of boilers and the possibility of full automation of the thermal power plant is talking about significant advantages of applying modulated burners in boiler houses. And if the benefit from their operation is obvious, not to use it - just unreasonable.
Burners Weishaupt.
/ Germany , ELCO /Germany , CIB Unigas. / Italy, Baltur. / Italized as reliable and high-quality equipment. Choosing these burners, you get confidence and benefit! In turn, we are ready to provide for you acceptable prices and the shortest possible delivery time.Manufacturers of household heating boilers, constantly improving their products and endowing it with new features, at the same time complicate the choice of the desired boiler and its adjustment. To the greatest extent, it concerns the automation boiler house - now wall boilersThe previously managed using one potentiometer is now often supplied with built-in weather-dependent automation. However, a more complex management system is always a higher price. There is a reasonable question: "Does it need?". To help consumers respond to it, try to understand the main functions of the boiler automation.
The purpose of the management systems of household boilers is to ensure the safety, proper operation of equipment and comfort for living in a house or apartment. Comfort in our case is a comfortable temperature and the lack of the need to take some action to ensure it (for example, go to the boiler room, twist the regulator, etc.).
The most simple and understandable is the case with security: whether the control system is built into the boiler, or it comes separately - there is always a safety limiter in it. This device is a thermaline, the opening of the contacts of which leads to the cessation of fuel supply to the boiler when the safe value of the boiler water is exceeded. The triggering of the safety limiter is a serious abnormal situation, and its elimination, i.e. Replacing or reinstalling the safety device and the start of the boiler requires the intervention of maintenance specialist.
It goes without saying that security has the highest priority among other tasks, so the upper limit for regulating the temperature of the boiler water is set in such a way that it never exceeds the limiting temperature due to the elevation. What kind of temperature comes about?
Imagine the situation of a sudden cessation of power supply: the burner turned off, circulation pump Boiler contour stopped. The boiler turns into an isolated system. In the process of installation in this system of thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the metal decreases, and the water temperature rises by several degrees. If it was close to this increase to the maximum permissible, then the boiler accident when the electricity is shutdown is guaranteed. The magnitude of the possible elevation of the temperature depends on the design and material of the boiler and is taken into account by the automation manufacturer when the upper limit for regulating the water temperature in the boiler is established.
Let us turn to the main purpose of the boiler automation: ensuring comfortable temperature in heated rooms. As is known, one or another indoor temperature is established when the balance between thermal losses and heat transfer of heating devices is achieved. At the same time, to maintain a given temperature value, any change in the heat loss caused by the weather variable should be compensated by the appropriate correction of the coolant temperature or its volumetric flow through the heating instruments. This task is solved by the thermostatic valves mounted on radiators or convectors, while the temperature of the coolant remains constant. In this case, the function of the boiler automation is reduced to maintaining a given feed temperature.
It must be said that most household boilers have a built-in control unit and does not involve anything more: the feed temperature is set manually, although it is supported automatically. The control algorithm is different depending on which burner is equipped with a boiler: modulation, one-or two-step. In a single-stage burner boilers, the temperature controller works as a threshold switch, which includes and turns off the burner when the threshold value of the threshold values \u200b\u200bis reached. Between the inclusion thresholds and
A shutdown is given a certain difference - inclusion hysteresis (Fig. 1). As a rule, the thresholds of switching on and off are located symmetrically relative to the predetermined flow temperature θ of the loss so that the average temperature value for the long period coincides with the specified one.
If the volume of the coolant in the heating system is small, and heat consumption is significantly less than the power of the burner, the temperature after turning on the burner will grow too quickly. Accordingly, the danger of too frequent inclusions of the burner arises, which can affect its resource. This problem is overcome by various ways. For example, with the help of the amount of hysteresis-changing (Ariston): For 1 minute after switching, it is 8, for 2 minutes - 6, and starting from the 3rd minute - 4 K.
The algorithm for changing the magnitude of the hysteresis, depending on the situation, is laid in the KROMSCHRÖDER automation: at the service level of the control system settings, you can set an increased hysteresis (up to 20 K) and its operation time (up to 30 minutes). With low heat loads and, accordingly, short periods of heating of the boiler operates the increased value of the hysteresis. If for the predetermined hysteresis time, the shutdown threshold was not achieved, the magnitude of the hysteresis automatically dimly decreases to the standard 5 K. 
A fundamentally different approach is used in the Buderus boiler house, which uses the algorithm called the developers with "dynamic switching". When the feed temperature, rolling or decreasing, is compared with the specified temperature θust, the system begins to calculate the integral of the function of changing the mismatch in time (in fig. 2 - the shaded region). Turning on or off the burner occurs upon reaching the integral of the specified value. Obviously, with a quick heating of the boiler, the switching temperature turns out to be higher than when slow. Thus, the switching threshold automatically adjusts to the characteristics of the heating system and the magnitude of heat consumption.
Algorithm of boiler management with two-stage burner It is not fundamentally different from what is considered above - only switching thresholds, respectively, twice as much (Fig. 3). 
Finally, the modulation burner makes it possible to constantly proportional to regulate the feed temperature, when the magnitude of the power of the burner linearly depends on the magnitude of the temperature mismatch. However, this regulation is not always possible, since many modulation torches have a power smoothly not from zero, but from 30-40% of the maximum value. If the heat consumption in the heating circuit is lower than this border, then we are confronted with threshold regulation.
So far, we meant that the feed temperature is set by manually by the potentiometer on the boiler control panel and is automatically supported by its control system. However, the purpose of the heating system is to maintain a comfortable room in the room, and it would be logical that this temperature was adjustable. A device that supports the desired temperature in the room is a room thermostat - most often attached to the room itself and the main kit of the boiler does not include. However, since regulation occurs through the management of the boiler, we will consider a room thermostat as an element of boiler automation.
Managing the boiler operation in order to maintain a given room temperature can be carried out by one of two types of regulation: two-way (turn off) or continuous. In the first case, the control algorithm is the same as for a boiler with a single-stage burner. However, compared with the temperature of the boiler water, the room temperature in the room when the boiler is turned on, it changes significantly more slowly, which can lead to its large elections for threshold values. Therefore, two-position regulation is not recommended usually for heating systems with high (more than 25-30 kW) power. To avoid these elections in the KROMSCHRÖDER automation, for example, at the service level, the time interval of the inclusion of the 2nd stage (Fig. 3) can be set (Fig. 3), and thus, the 2nd stage does not turn on immediately upon reaching the threshold θVK.2, and Statisy times. This gives additional opportunity Temperature control settings for the characteristics of a specific heating system. 
With continuous regulation, the control exposure is the feed temperature variable depending on the temperature deviation in the room from the specified value (Fig. 4). The set value of the room temperature is the temperature, comfortable for the user, and it is not always the same - say, a comfortable temperature for sleeping under a blanket for several degrees is lower than for morning or evening hours, and during the day, the room can be empty and maintained in it high temperature It also does not make sense. It is likely to say the function of the task and performing the daily chart of the temperature in the room. Daily temperature programming is often possible for different - weekdays or weekends - days of the week, as well as for special occasions, such as a party or vacation.
The actual temperature value is measured by the sensor located in one of the rooms at home, which is the reference and determines the mode of heating in all other rooms at home. However, the more the rest of the premises, the less performed the task of comfortable heating by linking them into a single heating circuit, controlled by temperature in the reference room. To control the same boiler, heating water immediately for several heating circuits with different characteristics, a input parameter is required for these circuits. It could be calculated on the basis of temperature testimony in the reference rooms of all contours. However, the distribution got a simpler and spectacular solution: Use the air temperature outside the building as such a parameter. 
And indeed: the supply temperature of any heating circuit required to compensate for the heat loss in the rooms is associated with the outer air temperature of well-known relations, which are usually called heating graphs or heating curves (Fig. 5) in the graphical representation (Fig. 5). It remains only to lay these ratios for each specific circuit in the algorithm of the boiler room control system. In the automation of most manufacturers, you need to select one of the selection of heating curves, but there are other approaches: for example, the Buderus control system setup is enough to set two points by which the automation calculates the entire curve.
Can a system that controls the boiler and heating circuits at the external temperature, to respond to unforeseen changes in the heat balance in heated rooms, for example, due to an open window, or a burning fireplace? In most cases, such an opportunity is laid as an automatic adjustment (most often - parallel transfer) of the heating curve of the corresponding circuit based on the readings of the room temperature sensor. Moreover, going to meet the demands of meticulous users who want to make more active participation in climate management in the house, many manufacturers offer an additionally to weather-dependent automation also a room thermostat. We only note that at the same time there is always a risk, improving comfort in the reference room, reduce it in other rooms tied to the same heating circuit. In addition, in the reference room it is impossible to use thermostators on heating devices, as they are independent control systems with the same input and output parameters as the automation boiler room.
What are all these difficulties? What weather-dependent control is better than the elementary scheme considered by us at the very beginning - the pot "on constant" plus thermostators on all heating devices? 
Supporters of weather-dependent automation are usually referred to the fact that the bulk of the heating season is warm the need for heat is much less calculated, so the coolant is constantly warm to the maximum temperature - a waste of money. But after all, money is not the temperature, but the heat produced, and if in two cases the same amount of heat is consumed, then, maybe it is the same amount of its number? Unfortunately, no, because in addition to heat consumption there is always its losses, which are the higher the higher the temperature of the coolant (Fig. 6). In addition, the efficiency of the boiler decreases with an increase in the average temperature of the boiler water. This is from these percent and develop an economic argument in favor of weather-dependent automation. However, at our inner energy prices, this argument is easily frightened by the argument of a significantly higher price of the automation itself.
We also consider some functions of boiler automation, the purpose of which is not to create comfort, but to ensure as long as possible trouble-free operation of the equipment. In addition to the methods of preventing too frequent burner launches already described, the minimum boiler water temperature can be attributed to this group of functions. The simplest but, nevertheless effective method The implementation of this function is the so-called pump logic, according to which, with the burner turned on, the circulation pump of the boiler circuit stops whenever the water temperature in the boiler turns out to be below the allowable threshold and does not start until this threshold is surpassed.
But not only the boiler can take care of the boiler automation. So, some control systems are equipped with a function of preventing blocking pumps and three-way valves: once a day (example - boilers Vaillant.) Or a week (Buderus) all pumps in the system are included for a short time, and all three-way valves are also fully open for a short time, after which they are returned to the state preceding this procedure.
When reading the documentation of manufacturers, it seems that the developers of boiler management systems operate according to the principle: "More functions are good and different!". True, it often turns out that under different names, the same functions lie, differences only in detail.
S. Zotov, k. T. N.
Journal "Aqua-Term" №2 (54), 2010
