Construction of the roof - an important stage in construction country house. From the quality of arrangement and depends, whether it will be comfortable to live in the house throughout the year. It is the roof that protects the building from atmospheric precipitation and external influences, therefore, it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation based on the climate and the roof design. It is quite possible to spend this work with your own hands, if you know the installation stages and the main stages of work.
The process of insulation with their own hands is the creation of a "sandwich" of several layers of heat, steam and waterproofing. Works can also be carried out at the construction stage of the house, and after that. If the insulation occurs when the house is already built, then before installation you need to look at the roof, if necessary, repair it, check the serviceability of the wiring and other communications. To carry out work on warming with your own hands, it is recommended to install all materials from the inside of the building.
Mineral wool - The most popular and easy-to-use insulation. Mineral wool is distinguished by a large service life, fire safety, environmental friendliness. This insulation, for ease of operation, is produced in the form of plates. Such plates perfectly hold warm inside the room and do not absorb moisture.
According to its properties are similar to mineral wool. They can be used for, attic, scanty and flat roofs. Distinctive feature This material is that it is not necessary for it, which is a significant savings in repair.
Glasswater has heat resistance, chemical resistance. In addition to thermal insulation, it provides sound and electrically insulating at home. Fiberglass is convenient when installing and affordable. But at the same time, this material has low strength and perfectly absorbs moisture, which can badly affect the roof device.
Mineral wool laying scheme for roof insulation.
Penosol - material that has low density and good thermal insulation properties. He is not angry, and also does not respond to the impact of microorganisms, it is capable of effectively protecting the structure not only from the cold and dampness, but also from foreign sounds.
After selecting the material for thermal insulation, it is necessary to calculate its thickness. It differs for different climatic conditions and depends on the air temperature. Ideally, the thickness of the insulation is recommended to select for different elements of the roof: for the frontones, for the roof and for overlap.
The calculation of the thickness of the heat insulating layer is made by the formula:
L \u003d (R - 0.16 - z1 / x1- z2 / x2 - zi / xi) × xu,
LU - the thickness of the insulation, R is the heat resistance of the structure (on average for the roof overlapping, this value can be taken equal to 4.65, if necessary, specify it by special tables),
Z1, z2, zi - body layer thickness (insulation, trim, roof)
X1, x2, xi - the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material, it is determined separately for each design layer according to special tables.
If your home is a standard building, then the warm roof can be created by general parameters.
When installing with your own hands for the attic, a heater with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.04 W / m ° C is used. For the attic roofs, you can take a heater with any meaning of thermal conductivity, but a thickness of at least 1 m. That is, if the roof is scope, you need to choose rolled, slab or materials in the form of mats. For applied bulk materials.
Parosolation is structural mats that consist of durable highly pharred films. They prevent moisture penetration from home to heat insulating layer. The usual polyethylene vaporizolation film will quickly come into disrepair. Therefore, during construction with your own hands, it is worth preferred by special metallized films. The amount of material is calculated depending on the roof area.
The scheme of vaporizolation of the membrane roof.
If the insulation technology is incorrect, then the "cold bridges" can occur. These are plots on which the integrity of the roofing "cake" is broken. Their presence says that the repair of the roof with their own hands is incorrect. To get rid of the "cold bridges", it is best to shift the insulation with a new layer of vapor insulation, and the gaps and attachments to smear the waterproof paste.
If a lot of icicles appeared in winter on the roof, this is a signal that snow on the roof is heated by the flow of warm air from the house and flaws occurred in insulation. To eliminate errors, find the place where icicles are much, and warm the roof from the inside felt.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Device modern roof It is a complex multi-layer design, and the materials that are used are manufactured by new technologies Based on advanced developments. Roofing "Pie" contains insulating and saving heat layers. From the adverse effects of weather conditions, the inner premises of buildings protect primarily waterproofing and insulation.
A competently designed and professionally built multilayer warm roof helps residents of the house without any problems to survive cold and atmospheric precipitation.
The rafter design depicted in the photo, which is a roof frame, should be durable and reliable, otherwise the roof will not be able to perform the functions assigned to it, which will lead to leaks and expensive repair.
When creating roofing, we should not forget to provide additional ventilation. Freely circulating fresh air prevents the condensate accumulation between the dense layers of the roofing cake. Stropile structures And other elements of the roof of natural wood provide the necessary level of ventilation and at the same time slightly take roofing system. Another argument in favor of using these materials is their environmental safety.
When a warm roof is built, do not do without strengthening layers, which are solid and reliable materials, such as concrete tile, gravel, etc. They protect less strong roofing products from mechanical damage. True, having a considerable weight Materials for the roof improvement take it up with its design, so such nuances should be considered to be taken into account. The top layer of "cake" is a coating to create which roofing material. The choice of its texture, colors, aesthetic characteristics depends on the individual preferences of property owners and the design solution, it can be a professional, metal tile, slate or more modern products.
How qualitatively the warm roof will be made with their own hands, largely depends on the applicable insulating materials. When choosing waterproofing and insulation, the calculated parameters laid down in the project. For example, in the region where construction is assumed, climatic conditions require to provide houses good protection against moisture and precipitation or there are strong gusts of the wind.
When calculating, all alleged loads on the building, and, accordingly, they certainly take into account the roof. Therefore, the presence of layers of roofing "cake" for each house can differ significantly.
Waterproofing layer . It is necessary to create protection against moisture. Frequent and abundant rains, melting of snow and fogs can cause great damage to the building and people in it. The use of waterproofing materials is a reliable obstacle to water seeking to penetrate the roof design.
Vapor insulation layer . The use of such a type of isolation provides high-quality protection from all sorts of evaporation and prevents condensate on different surfaces.
Heat insulating layer . Allows you to maintain heat inside the building and does not give to penetrate the cold air masses into the indoor room from the street. The range of thermal insulation materials is treated today, so you can choose the necessary products for insulation, given the individual requirements for a particular home.
Noise insulating layer . Materials for suppressing high-profile sounds that are coming from the outside are not as often as other types of isolation, but they provide a comfortable environment for staying people indoors.
Large list of products for insulation allows you to choose the best option and create a truly warm roof in accordance with the design solution. You can give preference to inexpensive materials or purchase modern products issued on the basis of the latest scientific developments. True, the last option will be much more expensive to homeowners, but it will provide them with reliable protection of buildings and a long service life.
Ceramzit . This method of insulation of the roofs is applied for a long time. This lightweight building material, which has the form of an oval or round granule, which is made of natural burned clay. Thus, the crushes are well combined with the heat-insulating properties of the source raw, when the warm roof is created with their own hands.
Styrofoam . The insulation of the roof with its use is considered one of the most popular options for thermal insulation applied both for pitched roofs and flat. It prolongs the life of roofing design.
Polyurene Foolder . It is included in the group of gas-filled plastics and is considered to be more technological heat insulator. Work on insulation polyurethane foam is easier than when using clay. Produce this pretty soft Material In the form of large plates, with this and the features of its installation are connected. Installation requires additional strengthening of polyurethane foam in the roof design.
Penoplex. . Use it modern material Refers to new solutions in the implementation of thermal insulation. Paintex compact plates are perfectly retaining heat, although they are flexible. The thermal insulation layer, created by them, thinner than that of similar materials. Thanks to the characteristics described above, Penoplex is becoming increasingly popular.
As a rule, the roof is insulated in case of operation of the undercase, that is, with the device in it, the attic. If the attic is not going to use, then they insulate only overlapping the last floor. But in most modern private houses attic - residential. This means that the plane of the roof must be insulated according to regulatory requirements (In energy-efficient homes, the heat transfer coefficient should be less than 0.20 W / m² ° C). In this case, the thickness of the roof must be minimal to not limit the space under the beams that can be used.
Anyway, the insulation will be able to fully function only if moisture does not accumulate in it. With any weather and at any time of the year he must remain dry. With increasing moisture content in it, only 5% its heat insulating capacity decreases almost twice. From the inside facing the room, the insulation must be protected from moisture with vapor barrier, and with external waterproofing.
Exists many heat-insulating materials: Mineral wool based on basalt and fiberglass, polystyrene foam, foam glass, cellulose, cork agglomerate. For the roof, as a rule, use materials with a fibrous structure - based on basalt or fiberglass. They are not only characterized by good thermal insulation properties, but also shovel noise. In addition, they are not combustible. The total thickness of the mineral wool layers under the roof of an energy-efficient house should be at least 20 cm. In this case, the insulation is important to fasten well so that over time it does not slip down, it usually concerns soft thermal insulation materials.
In addition to the mineral wool insulation based on basalt, it can be used for the roof materials from fiberglasswhich consists of a variety of glass fibers, between which the air is located. The thickness of the fiber glass grooves is less than the thickness of the human hair and mineral fibers, therefore their amount in the conditional volume is greater. Therefore, in this insulation there are more air gaps, and therefore its thermal conductivity is lower, although both materials have similar operational characteristics.
As a heater, you can use and liquid foam - foamwhich refers to the new generation of carbomid foams. From expanded polystyrene, this material is distinguished by vapor permeability and high resistance of fire, low density, resistance to microorganisms and affordable price. In addition, foamizol has good thermal insulation properties.
When choosing heat and soundproofing materials, it is desirable to focus on the following universal criteria:
. specific gravity. Than it is less (up to a certain level), the better. Standard range - 14-20 kg / m³. Easy material saves delivery costs and installation time, reduces the load on the design and often wins on heat and sound insulation parameters;
. thermal conductivity. What it is less, the smaller the cost of heating the room. This value indirectly depends on the air content in the material (specific gravity);
. high vapor permeability. This is the key to the optimal humidity regime indoors and in the roof structures.
. non-calamity. Special an important indicator for the components of the roofing "cake", since ventilated gaps are present in the roof designs, contributing to the rapid spread of the flame in the case of the use of combustible materials;
. ecology. The composition of materials should be used natural raw materials, they must have relevant European certificates.
First the counter test is laid waterproofing. It is harvested horizontally, providing an overlap of the film at least 10 cm and a slight sagging in case of temperature expansion of the material. Film joints seal. Then between rafters tight, without gaps, laid insulationwhich from the side of the underpants is sewn with a vapor insulation film. It is desirable that this layer is also sealed. The heat insulating plates or mats must be semi-rigid to keep them well on inclined and vertical planes. The number of layers of layers depends on the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation, the value of which is indicated in the certificate of conformity.
Warming overlap of the last floor
On the overlap, the insulation is laid in two stages. First between beams put mats or stoves. For ventilation between the insulation layer and the windproof film (regardless of how well it passes air), it is recommended to leave the slot 3 cm. Then follows pick up an extra wooden grid and lay a layer of mineral wool. Its thickness is individual for each material, and also depends on construction norms For the appropriate climatic region. The insulation should be laid tightly, avoiding the gaps on the joints to eliminate the linear bridges of the cold. Preventing the formation of point bridges of cold at the joints of the brushes and coatings, you can, having a regular lattice and setting another layer of insulation. Instead of wooden bars, you can use profiles for plasterboard systems.
Getting Started at home insulation, remember: to achieve the maximum heat conservation effect, you need to comply with the principle of a closed thermal contour, which excludes the presence of unpaired sections. therefore heat insulation material It should be laid tight, avoiding the formation of slots and gaps between adjacent plates. The most unreliable junction of walls with overlaps and roofs, slopes of window openings, places under the windowsill, outputs to the balcony or terrace.
In addition to a loose fit of the material the cause of the formation of cold bridgesthere may be an insufficient thickness of the heat insulating layer. Too thin layer of the insulation will not cope with emerging loads. It will skip cold in winter and hot air in summer.
Using insulation insufficient stiffness And the wrong choice of geometric sizes can cause sliding and saving the material, the result of which is the ruptures of the heat insulation carpet and the appearance of cold bridges.
Cold bridges are linear and point. Linear causes the intermittentity of the heat insulation layer (for example, around the perimeter of window slopes or balcony doors and jumpers in the area of \u200b\u200bstructural nodes), point - various fasteners (suspension, anchors, etc.), in places of connection with the designs of the house (for example, at the points of installation of television antennas, canopies, etc.)
Heat insulating tandem for roof and walls
Roof insulation is produced by laying insulation on overlapping over the last floor (with the arrangement of a non-residential attic) or on the skates of the mansard (with the arrangement of residential space). Wall insulation in most cases is performed from the outside - this is a plaster and ventilated facades, as well as insulation under siding. Be sure to ensure that the insulation of the walls and roofs create a continuous thermal circuit. After all, the essence of the insulation of any structures is precisely in the creation of a thermal circuit, the interrupt of which leads to thermal losses, disruption of the microclimate and even the destruction of structures.
If the elements of the heat insulation of the roof and walls are tightly in contact with each other, then it is enough to just fix them in the desired position by garter to the removal of the fishing line or tape. It should be traced that slots are not formed in these places.
In the country with a pretty harsh climate an important point Arrangement of your own home is the insulation of its main elements - walls, gender and roof. Properly selected material and competently performed insulation will create a comfortable in the house temperature mode And save considerable means on heating - well thermally insulated room is twice as long as heaves heat. In addition, it will save your health and health of your loved ones, which is much more expensive than money. So this aspect of the improvement of your housing should pay serious attention.
The insulation is used:
In addition to these, today the most common insulation, there are other. Traditionally, the ceilings were insulated with liquid clay with the addition of sawdust or straw, slag.
When choosing a material, all major parameters and functional characteristics should be taken into account: weight, thickness (fraction size), resistance to temperature differences, durability. It is also necessary to take into account from which the house and the type of roof is built.
Ideally, the insulation should be bio and moisture-resistant, non-oxide, resistant to mechanical and chemical impacts, with a long service life, environmentally friendly, easy to install and not too expensive.
From the inside
It assumes the insulation of the ceiling overlap, directly roofing and frontoths (if any). Complex thermal insulation will significantly reduce heat loss.
Features of the warming of the roof of the house of Uznutrith
When mounting the insulation on any surfaces, it should be previously cleaned from dirt and dust, eliminate existing defects and arrange a waterproofing layer. Perhaps the optimal option (value for money) will be mineral insulation.
It is important to remember that the waterproofing canvases are stacked by the flask (10-15 cm), the joints are sampled.
Outside
Insulation of the roof (the device "Roofing cake") is performed during its installation. After the collected and securely fixed slinge systemThe pair insulating layer on the bottom side of the rafter. Between the rafted over the entire roof area, the insulation is tightly laid (if necessary in two layers, so that the second layer overlap the joints of the first). There is a ventilation gap of about 5 cm between vapor barrier and insulation.
Insulation Technology Roof Painoplex Outside
After mounting the insulation on the upper side of the rafter, the counterclaim is attached to the top side (usually from wooden bars or rail), a layer of waterproofing is mounted on a controlled (one more ventilation clearance), then the root and finish roofing (slate, metal tile, ondulin, etc.). This method is suitable for stove and rolled insulation with high density.
If polyurethane or other polymer mixtures are used as a heater, then they make a solid boardy flooring on the rafters from the side attic room. As a rule, work with polymers requires special equipment, so it is better to trust professional builders.
Flat or single beds You can also additionally insulate outside.
Cold roof
Such roofs differ from insulated in that there is no thermal insulating layer in their design. To prevent large heat loss, you should thoroughly insulate the ceiling floors. If the overlap is made of reinforced concrete plates or concrete, you need to close the cracks and potholes the cement-sandy mixture, carefully clean from dust and garbage and treat the soil.
Insulation cold roof Ecowataya
After drying, disseminate the waterproofing (necessarily with the falsestone), the joints should be punched. Then installed wooden lagows From a bar (cross section of at least 5 cm) in a strictly horizontal plane and are attached to concrete with a dowel-nail. The distance between them should correspond to the size of the insulation. After mounting the insulation (any kind of insulation, including bulk materials), it is set up a board of flooring - you need to go up onto the roof from time to time, and it is not too convenient to go straight along the insulation.
For insulation, the ceiling is good to use polymer insulation.
Attic
Even if the attic will not be used as a residential premises, it should be instep - this will allow you to better keep warm in the house and increase the service life of the roof. Cold or poorly insulated attic contributes to the formation of condensate in the underfloor space, which, in turn, will lead to rotting wooden structures, the appearance of fungus and mold on them, as well as to corrosion of metal elements.
The most common insulation for this purpose:
Semit suitable materialyou need to stock necessary tool. It will take:
The living attitudes need to warm up the walls, the floor and the ceiling.
You can make a comprehensive insulation - use different types Heaters for different surfaces. Paul Mansard (that is, the ceiling overlap of the house) needs the heat insulating layer so that the heat is in the house. Usually, the insulation of the attic begins with it. Warming technology is described above. The difference is that in residential attic you need to do the finish flooring. After that, the walls and the attic ceiling are insulated. Warming is made by the same scheme.
On the draft flooring (from the boobs, chipboard or other materials), the waterproofing films are fastened with brackets, the insulation is tightly stacked between them. Then another insulating layer is satisfied and the walls are ready for finishing finish. If the frontones are made of brick or block, it is better to use foams as a insulation. It is necessary to fit the plates tightly, and if the gaps still remain, they can be seal mounting foam. The insulation is attached to such walls with special plastic dowels "umbrellas", at least 5 pieces per stove.
When the attitude of the attic is a roof of the house, then "roofing pie" is sufficient insulation. It is only necessary to strone raftered the selected building materials.
If the attic will be used as a utility unheated premises, then the walls insulate no need. It is important not to forget about ventilation systemThe roof must have a flow of fresh air.
Scope roof
The best way to insulate scope roof - It is to equip "roofing pie." It consists of roof, waterproofing, insulation, vaporizolation and two ventilation gaps. To avoid errors in its arrangement, it should be thoroughly examined by all specifications Materials you are going to use. Incorrectly selected insulation can lead to the formation of condensate. You need to correctly place the films and stoves, the working surface in the desired side.
It is impossible to allow too much proviscial insulating film and it is necessary to ensure that the ventilation gaps are at least 2 cm.
Flat roofing
Flat roof, if necessary, can be inspired inside and outside. Warming of the attic room is made according to standard technology - the insulation is laid between the lags and is sewn with waterproofing material.
If the roof turned out to be insufficiently warm or its thermal insulation properties decreased during operation, then the roof surface can be insulated. Pre-roof must be cleaned from dirt and different layers, remove all the influx and eliminate the existing defects. Then you need to be treated with soil or special composition, depending on the type of roof and vapor barrier material.
After a steamer layer is arranged. You can glue membrane canvases, rubberoid or use bituminous mastics. The insulation is laid on vaporizolation, cement-sand tie is made. After its complete drying, a layer of waterproofing is satisfied. It is important to keep the necessary slope and drainage system.
In different regions, the price of material and the cost of roofing works are significantly different, but if you insulate the roof own forcesThat is guaranteed to save from 300 to 500 rubles on each square meter.
It is quite possible to warm your roof on our own. This work is not the simplest, but if you wish, you can cope with it, the main thing is to have a clear idea of \u200b\u200btechnology and at least one assistant.
Good thermal insulation of the roof is an important component for the safety of heat in any house. A common way to insulate the roof, which is not so difficult to carry out their own hands, is the "Canadian Sandwich", it is a system of several layers: insulation, a vapor insulating layer, windproof and moisture protection, ventilation gap. When performing data of work, as in any construction, it is important not to violate instructions for laying, so you will avoid leakage during operation. Today we will talk, as you already understood, how the warm roof is done.
According to SNiP, the insulation layer for the roof should consist of non-combustible material, have a density of 20-125 kg / m3 and selective water permeability. Material, in addition, must have the following indicators:
The following insulators are most popular in our time:
For a warm roof, it is preferable to acquire thin insulation with a high degree of thermal insulation. Most often in the paper uses basalt fiber or glass gamble plates.
To avoid, you need to trace so that the roof device eliminates moisture penetration into their constructive elements. We will analyze Aza! We all know that in the nature of the moisture occurs in three states, with water and ice exist at certain temperatures, and steam - with any. Moisture clusters B. different materials Called differently. For example, humidity is a cluster of moisture in the air.
Different types of materials react differently on increased humidity.
Insulation of fiberglass is hygroscopic, it requires reliable hydro and vaporizolation.
Mineral wool (especially semi-rigid and hard sheets) are well opposed to water, but require additional protection From pressure of water vapor. The highest moisture resistance has extruded polystyrene foam.
In order to protect our insulation from moisture, which falls on the roof of the house, you need to make a vaporiesoitoneal layer. For these purposes, an ordinary film is suitable (playproof or "breathable" - to choose from). First install so that there is a gap between the insulation and it, and you can lay the second to the insulation. Parosolation must meet two requirements:
Let's go to the case and wonder how to make a roof warm. The roof is the most upper structural part of any building, it is designed to protect the structure from all sorts of external influences. The device is made taking into account the local climate, the structure of the structure. does not depend on the material from which the house was built: roofs and bricks, and wooden buildings Warm on the same technology. If the room is dwelling, then the roof is recommended to make insulated and outside, and from the inside, and if the building is used as non-residential, then the last item can be skipped.
Before conducting work, you need to inspect and eliminate all malfunctions (if required, replace damaged areas with new ones). In addition, it is necessary to eliminate the mold on the entire roof surface, to handle it with antiseptic or other special toolwhich prevented the appearance and spread of mold and fungi. Eliminate all malfunctions in wiring, plumbing and other communications. Performed? Then the time came to make your roof warm.
Let's go to practice! ! To begin with, you will need to make a hydrobarrier between the roof and rafters so that the waterproofing material has enveloped the rafting "legs". The material is attached to the stapler. Next, the case is on the installation of the heat insulating layer. The thickness of the material is not more than the size of the rafter legs, but not less than 10 cm. Stacking start from the bottom from the skate, attach "insulation" sheets with the help of rails, stuffed perpendicular to the rafter "legs". Sheets minerals, if you chose this product, stack without big gaps. To heat insulation, install a layer of vapor barrier (construction membrane film with perforation - excellent option) And attach it to the rafters.
Now about flat roof! The technology is somewhat different from the method described earlier. The fact is that flat roof You can process both outside and from the inside. But if you produce double work (inspit and outside, and inside), you spend a lot of means and strength, so it is recommended to first make insulation outside, wait for the winter if this layer is not enough, then additionally inspire inside. In most cases, repeat works do not have to perform. Most often for
