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Fundamental device Thermal insulation of modern flat roofs.

Fig. 2. Appearance Traditional modern roofing. 2 - reinforcement grid; 3 - Cement screed; 5 - thermal insulation layer of mineral wool or polystyrene foam.	Fig. 3. Flat roof with monolithic foam concrete. 1 - waterproofing carpet; 2 - screed from structural foaming D600; 3 - heat-insulating layer and slopes to the waterfront funnel from a particularly light foam concrete D200.

Table 1. Comparative Testing Construction Selection flat roof.

Shrinkage during operation.

Foams and mineral wools during operation, especially under load from the overlying layers of the roof decrease in size. At the same time, the roofing "pie" slides down, taking off the waterproofing from parapet.

Fig. 4. Traditional roofing with thermal insulation from mineral wool or polystyrene foam for 2 years after the device. 1 - waterproofing carpet; 2 - reinforcement grid; 3 - Cement screed; 4 - clay gravel to create slopes to the waterfront; 5 - thermal insulation layer of mineral wool or polystyrene foam.	Fig.5. The same roof after 3-5 years of operation. Damage to the waterproofing at the junction with parapet due to the sedimentation of the heat insulating layer is shown. 1 - layer of mineral wool or polystyrene foam after shrinkage during operation for 1-3 years.

In addition, due to unevenness snow load, mechanical loads (people walk along the roofs according to certain ways, and not evenly throughout the roof), due to the heterogeneity of the insulation material itself and the non-uniformity of the thickness of the dissolves in traditional roofing, the formulation of deepening in the roof planes, the so-called lenses where water accumulates. The roof over time becomes a "buggy". In places of education "Lens", the screed is usually broken, and at the slightest disorder of the tightness of the upper layer of the roofing carpet, water from lenses fall into the roof.
In the roofs of foam concrete, the formation of "lenses" and the recesses are impossible even in case of constant finding of people on the roof, since foam concrete is hard and durable material.

Compressive strength

Mineral wools and foams, including extrusion not possess compressive strength. They are characterized by load values \u200b\u200bduring deformation. This indicator gives us the value of the strength that shows the material compacted by 10%. Those. in an uncompressed state mineral woolnor foam plants are able to resist the load.

The strength at 10% of the deformation of the mineral wool with a density of 100-150 kg / m 3 and the extrusion foam does not exceed 300 kPa (0.3 MPa). Foaming strength of a density of 200 kg / m 3 begins from 0.3 MPa (300 kPa). Those. Foam concrete withstands the same load as mineral wool or extrusion foam when squeezed it by 10%. But with such a load, foam concrete is not deformed.

Water absorption of foam concrete.

Most thermal insulation materials Used on roofing has a large water absorption. 60% heat insulating roofing materials represented various species Mineral wat, the actual water absorption of which is up to 70% by volume (1500% by weight). This figure exceeds the water absorption of foam concrete to one, and even two orders.

Government standards do not value the water absorption of mineral watts, as it is understood that this material should work only in conditions of the complete absence of opportunities to absorb water. Naturally, in practice, in the conditions of the real construction site, this is impossible - both the production period and operation. Practice also shows that the layer mineral wool is practically impossible to dry, especially in the conditions of the lower layer of roofing pie, which cannot be arranged.

A little better things are dealing with water absorption in polymer foamed plastics, including the maximum achievable quality of extrusion polystyrene foam. Despite the low "paper numbers" on the absorption of water with foams, we forget that the material is on top of the foam to create roofing slopes. In most cases, this is the cheapest bulk material - the ceramzite, from top to which cement straineror flat sheet materials are mounted (asbetic sheet, cement-chip And pr.) By the way, exactly the same design of the roof is made on mineral wool plates. But in this case it is not so important due to the already huge water absorption of mineral wat.

A layer of bulk clay has a thickness from 50 to 400 mm and is a cavity under a tie, which can absorb from 25 to 200 liters of water per square meter! Moreover, in the event of a leakage through the screed, the leakage inside the building can be from it at a distance of tens of meters, finding a free path in the layer of clay. Detect damage to the roof waterproofing is extremely difficult. (see Fig. 5.)

A roof with a monolithic foam concrete behaves quite differently. Particularly light foam concrete is completely closed from water leaks with a layer of structural "black" foam concrete, which absorbs water to a depth of about 10 mm. In case of damage to the waterproofing, an array of foam concrete is able to stop the promotion of moisture into the roof. It should also be noted the wonderful fact of the self-drying of foam concrete - the water that fell inside the foam array is used by a cement matrix of the material to continue the hydration reactions going with the chemical binding of free moisture. The hydration reaction seals the foam concrete structure and stops the further promotion of moisture. In the case of serious damage to the roofing carpet, the roof of the roof is locally - only in the place of damage, and not under the entire surface of the screed, as when using claying to create slopes over the foam and mineral wool.

Fig. 5. Water leakage in traditional roof. Through the damaged waterproofing, water fills the layer of clay gravel and emptiness under the heat insulation layer. Then through discontinuation at the base of the roof, water falls inside the room. 1 - damage to the layer of waterproofing carpet; 2 - layer of water over thermal insulation; 3 -Led water under thermal insulation.	Fig. 6. Water leakage in the foam concrete roof through waterproofing is localized at the site of penetration. 1 - waterproofing layer; 2 - Foam concrete screed D600 density, protecting thermal insulation foam concrete D200 from leakage; 3 Thermal insulation foam concrete D200.

Spray

Foams are perfectly burning - thanks to numerous fires, the most distant citizens know about it. The combustion of foams is accompanied by the release of poisonous gases, which, however, occurs not only during burning, but also with the most insignificant increase in temperature. One drop of welding when performing lightning protection on the roof, and the fire is more than probable, for the period of building a building.

Mineral wats are not burning, but smoldering. The drainage is provided by a phenolofehydic binder. Naturally, when burning, nothing good in the atmosphere will not allocate.

Foam concrete is a foamed stone, and the stones are not lit. On the contrary, foam concrete can be used as protection against fire, such as metal structures.

Roofing cake design.

The design of modern flat roof is made up of several elements. As we have already been described in the section "Water absorption", these are three layers:

Layer of thermal insulation (minvat or foam);

Layer forms the biases of the roof to waterfront funnels (clay gravel);

Screed (cement-sandy solution with reinforcement grid or leafy materials).

In the case of using a monolithic foam concrete, the thermal insulation layer and the incident layer are performed from the monolithic particularly light foam concrete with a density of 200 kg / m 3, which significantly increases the heat shield of the roof. The screed over this layer is also arranged from foam concrete, only more durable and dense, density of 500 kg / m 3.

Naturally, homogeneous materials through the affinity work is better both in the heat engineering and in the structural sense. There are no failures, detacies, bubbles and other defects on the roof, so frequent for traditional roofs.

Features of the roofing device

When performing a layer of thermal insulation from the slab material, difficulties always occur when the thermal insulation of complex architectural elements On the roof, in the locations of communications (electrical wiring, ventilation, sewage, etc.), places for mounting equipment of buildings on the roof (air conditioners, etc.). The exact clump of the boards of time consuming and is practically difficult to control. As a rule, all these places in the future will have problems with freezing and blotting.

The monolithic foam concrete fills all the empties of the roof, forming a solid warm shell of the building, coloring the roof. The problems of the traditional roofs described above does not occur by definition.

Durability of the roof

Both polystyrene foam, and mineral wool (having a polymeric binder) as any other polymeric material during operation are susceptible to degradation. Especially in extreme conditions roofing conditions Related overheating and often moisturizing.

Hundreds of books and articles tell us that any polymer has a limited service life. This is especially true of thermal insulation polymers.

Foam concrete, like any concrete during operation, only dials strength. Our own studies show that foam concrete having ages 28 strength of 0.3 MPa in the years of operation to harden up to 0.5 - 0.7 MPa. Recall that hardening goes when binding free moisture in the material due to which the foam concrete is occurs, even in hermetic conditions.

The roofs of the monolithic foam concrete are lighter than traditional roofs, which in some cases makes their device with a non-alternative opportunity, especially when conducting reconstruction work.

Table 2. The weight of the traditional roof, insulated with polystyrene foam.

Table. 3. The weight of the roof is insulated monolithic foam concrete.

Please note that the monolithic foam concrete allows slopes with a smaller degree than traditional roofs with a tie of clay.

Defects of roofing carpet.

The most frequent defect of the traditional roof is the presence of swirling on the roofing carpet when it is heated in summer period. This occurs when the water vapor is heated under the waterproofing layer. Foam concrete roofs are practically deprived of the defects of this type, since the overpressure of water vapor is evenly distributed in the pore spark of foam concrete. In more detail, the mechanism of this phenomenon is considered in our article "buffer foam concrete ties with the reconstruction of flat roofs" in the magazine "Building materials" for November 2012.

Appendix 1. Work in winter conditions

The main disadvantage of roofs with monolithic foam concrete is limited opportunities for winter work. Industrial production of foam concrete is possible at positive temperatures, for the aggregate causes - the main of which is the movement of the hoses for water supply. In addition, our principal is not recommended roofing work In winter conditions, also for a number of reasons:

• Gas overflow to remove ice and snow;
• Payroll over the removal of ice and snow;
• The impossibility of control over the absence of snow and land inside roofing structures;
• Gas overflow on the sticker of the waterproofing layer;
• Damage to materials and equipment by frost.

At the same time, it should be noted that the technology allows you to work at temperatures up to -7 degrees.

Appendix 2. Polystyrebetone, like insulation.

The use of polystyrene batter on roofs is most often unreasonable for economic reasons, since polystyrene granules, which are aggregate - most often unreasonably roads.

At the same time, there are additional negative circumstances that need to be taken into account by working with this material. Polystyrene granules during operation are reduced in size. As a result, in a year or two, instead of a polystyrene bontoon, we get a large-foam concrete with polystyrene foam crumb. As a result, the strength and thermal conductivity of polystyrevbetone sharply deteriorates. The photographs below present the polystyrene block at the age of 5.

It has several important advantages over inclined or double, thereby actively used in residential and industrial construction.

Various bitumen, polymer and polymer-bitumen mastics, distinguished durability and excellent waterproofing properties can be applied to produce a flat roof.

Device of flat roofing

The design of a flat roof consists of several layers, each of which has its functional purpose. After laying and fixing the slabs of the overlap, the vapor barrier, thermal insulation layer and the waterproofing carpet are stacked. Thus, the flat roof is able to reliably protect the indoor rooms from any effects of the external environment.

Montage of flat roofing

Flat roof is stacked Almost any type of foundation: concrete plates, layer of thermal insulation, metal, wood, asphalt concrete, old rolled coating, slate and any other traditional base. The main requirement put forward to it - this is strength.

Flat roof slope

With construction soft roof The question is very important. dispose of sediment water From the roof, since if they accumulate in large quantities, then no material will endure such an impact. To do this, during the construction there is a small bias towards the center of the roof, where the chute and valve valve are installed. It further goes to inland drain And get away from the building.

It is worth noting that the general drain Best to do heated Since with severe frosts in winter, water can freeze, and the ice cork will not allow water to leave the roof.

Operated or not operated

Also worth knowing that flat roofing may be exploited or not operated.

See also:

Operated flat roofing

Operated flat roofing - This is the on which various severity is stored, and the accumulation of people is organized or various works are constantly carried out. In this case, the roof coating is subjected to increased mechanical loads, and in most cases they also have uneven character. It is because of this, before laying a waterproofing carpet on the root, you need to put a special tie or other rigid base, which will ensure the necessary strength.

Not operated flat roofing

Not exploited flat roof is such a roof that is not intended to store heavy things and other items.

The roof is the most vulnerable place of our buildings. Traditional roof overlaps can be destroyed after a couple of years since their installation. Most often, the destruction of the roof occurs in the summer: under the action of sunlight from the wet insulation, water evaporates, which remained from spring.

From condensate and other natural phenomena, excessive pressure under the waterproofing layer is created. This very often leads to a delays of the roof from the base.

The roofs of traditional materials have the property to be squeezed under the action of physical exertion, for example, in winter when the snow is clusted on the roof. The insulation is compressed, its volumetric weight becomes greater, the heat-shielding quality of the roof is reduced. In case of water in the body of the roof, heat-shielding properties are instantly falling.

Equip the building, if you make roofs from foam concrete. Compared to the traditional method of insulation of the roof, in the process of filling the roof foam concrete materials, the materials are consumed significantly less, and the result exceeds all expectations. In addition, foam concrete does not miss moisture, and therefore this material is in high demand from buyers.

The composition of foam concrete: sand, cement, water and foaming agent. The structure of foam concrete - bonded closed pores. In contrast to other insulation, for example, aerated concrete, which has through pores, foam concrete does not absorb moisture at all.

In the roofs of foam concrete weight and thermal conductivity are always constant. The durability of foam concrete is much higher than that of traditional materials, the planned repairs of the roof from foam concrete are reduced to the repair of only the upper roofing carpet, and not the whole roof.

In foam concrete high fire safety; Unlike traditional materials, it is not a fuel. When laying the roof of the foam concrete, the use of cranes and other heavy construction equipment is required. To the height of up to 30 meters foam concrete is fed by hoses.

Disappears the need concrete screed On the roof of foam concrete. Unlike plates, foam concrete can also be used on uneven surfaces.

The field of application of the stacking of foam concrete on the roofs is practically not limited to the height of the roofs: neither by volume nor for its intended purpose. This is a device of new roofs and repair old, as on industrial enterprisesand in residential buildings.

An important advantage is that any "uneven", rough, litter, damaged surface, which foam concrete, as it were, can be the basis for filling in foam concrete, and a "lines". Due to the ease of foam concrete (300 - 400 kg / m 3), it can be applied even on light floors, for example, from a professional foot or tree.

Using the foam concrete for pouring the roof, you get rid of yourself from experiences about the prudent roof, excessive heat losses, external noise. Due to the uniform filling of the voids, the roof of foam concrete is leading in relation to insulation from wool and ceramzite concrete. Using foam concrete, do not customize joints, fill the seams, transfer heavy building materials by hand. Foam concrete low density is an excellent insulation that has a number of advantages, such as the roof homogeneity of foam concrete, the immutability of technical parameters.

Pouring floors and roof foam concrete is extraordinary popularity, since this material is affordable, and in its properties it is not inferior even the most expensive building materials. Specialists suggest that foam concrete is the material of the future, and with such a statement it is impossible to disagree!

The cost of the roof of the monolithic foam concrete, as well as fill foam concrete in the formwork can be clarified by mail [Email Protected]website.

Many city inhabitants have a country a private house. At the dacha, it is pleasant to relax in the summer. Fresh air is very useful for mental and physical human health. But if the house is not insulated, then you can live there only in the warm season. Increasingly, the city inhabitants think about the possibility of moving to the cottage on an ongoing basis or simply to carry out there time in winter. To do this, make the installation of the insulation of the private house. So that the house was a pleasant microclimate, you need to insulate:

• floors and roofs;
• walls at home;
• windows and doors.

At the same time, many forget that it is through the roof most of Heat. Therefore, the warming of the roof does not differ properly. It often happens that even in the professional heat insulation of the walls and windows in the house is still cold. To avoid this, you should consider the effective thermal insulation of the roof of the house.

To do this, you can use a variety of insulation materials. From tested by time of environmentally friendly insulation to modern means of thermal insulation.

How is the insulation of the roof foam concrete

Foam concrete is a filler insulation, which is excellent for the thermal insulation of the roof. Such a device has a number of advantages:

• low cost;
• ease;
• the installation of foam concrete is not very complicated;

There are several features of work with foam concrete. For example, its heat loss is higher than other popular insulation. Consequently, a layer of foam concrete should be thick enough so that the insulation is effective. This method is excellent for thermal insulation of a flat roof. The installation of the insulation from foam concrete is as follows:

• first you need to remove the roof;
• install the frame;
• pour liquid foam concrete in the frame;
• to lay the roofing coating.

Such actions are sufficient to insulate the roof of foam concrete. So that work passed on summit, You should contact a professional who will be purchased all the materials will make measurements and will warm the roof.

How to order cheap services for thermal insulation roof foam concrete

If you decide to insulate the roof of foam concrete, you should know that the final cost of services depends on the volume of work performed and on the number of roofing insulation.

You can order services for inexpensive insulation insulation from foam concrete on Youdo. To do this, you need to make an application on the site. In the application you need to specify, the execution of what works you want to get, as well as an acceptable price for you on the thermal insulation device. Registered on the site performers will be able to find your order and proceed with the performance of work if your conditions arrange.

You can also view the list of masters that are engaged in the installation of the roof insulation, compare their rates and choose a suitable candidate. Laying insulation from foam concrete will be held at the highest level, since all performers undergo a mandatory check for professional-benefit when registering.