In this section, the experience of different people on the manufacture of solar panels at home is collected. Various approaches, designs and methods of manufacture. Samples and errors, conclusions and opinions. So, with the times, other information on the topic will be added. For example, controllers, schemes and methods of connecting and charging batteries, various methods Organization and optimization of energy consumption and other things that can be useful in the use of the energy of the Sun.
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The homemade solar battery is a full replacement of the released solar panels, because in terms of power it is not inferior.
They are the main element of the future installed on. It is from their features that the capacity of the entire installation made at home will depend. You can install:
The first are capable of creating the largest amount of electric current. Such their performance is manifested in conditions of excellent lighting. If the lighting intensity becomes less, their effectiveness falls. A panel with polycrystalline plates becomes more productive in such conditions. It preserves a small efficiency of 7-9% with poor lighting. Monocrystalline plenty of efficiency equal to 13%.
Amorphous siliconloading in productivity, however, due to the fact that it is flexible and invulnerable to impacts, he is the most expensive.
The most good photosensitive elements are expensive. This applies to those plates in which there is not a single defect. Defective products have a little less power and cost much cheaper. It is such a photocells worth using for their own created at home, current source.
In the most popular world online stores (it is there that there are the greatest number of proposals for software) sell different sizes of the photoflastic. For its battery you need to buy photosensitive elements with the same sizes. When buying, and even better, such nuances should be taken into account when developing a project:
The solar panel should generate such an electric current that can easily charge 12-volt batteries. To recharge them, a current with a large voltage is required. Very good when the current created by the solar batteries has a voltage of 18 V.
None of the small photosensitive elements gives such a voltage. You need to find out the current characteristics that one photo-element can create. Often, sellers indicate these numbers.
For example, one plate gives a current with a voltage of 0.5 V. To get at the outlet of the solar panel 18 V, you need to perform a sequential connection of 36 photocells. In this case, the general voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages of the currents obtained on all photosensitive plates. Current power during serial connections will not change. Therefore, it will be equal to the indicator that gives the smallest photocell in size.
See also: How to make the calculation of solar panels
If needed increase current strength, you will have to install an additional number of plates and connect them in parallel. The total current will be the sum of the strength of the currents created by each parallel to the connected plate.
The calculation of solar batteries that will stand on the roof of the cottage or private house, do this:
Most projects that concern how, provide for the manufacture of a product with an area of \u200b\u200b1 m². Often the power of such a battery is about 120 W. 10 panels will give more than 1 kW. If it is planned to fully provide your home with free electric energy, then the project should be developed, providing so many panels whose total area exceeds 20 square meters. m. When placing them on the sunny side and in places where the lighting intensity is very high, they ways to overlap the monthly need for 300 kW electricity. Even for the middle house, this figure is big.
It can be collected from any girlfriend, among which can be aluminum beer cans or foil rolls. You should not throw such banks, because of them you can collect a good air solar collector. It will accumulate heat of the sun and pass it from beer cans in the middle of the house.
See also: Features of fountains on solar panels
Materials for the manufacture of a frame can be:
Materials presented in the first two points are made of frame.
If the project provides for the use of wood and chipboard, the process of manufacturing a frame at home includes the following steps:
The transparent part in the form of glass or analogs is fixed at the very end.
In order to make a sunny battery with your own hands, it is best to use mineral glass. It perfectly absorbs infrared rays, protecting this panel from heating, and can resist shocks. It is expensive. The worst option is polycarbonate and glass. The latter is heavy and does not withstand shocks, like beer banks.
If the project provides using aluminum corners 35 mm, then the frame at home is done like this:
Modern realities are such that alternative energy sources are not at all cheap, and not everyone can afford to order installation of solar batteries from the supplier. Therefore, production becomes more and more popular solar panels do it yourself. And we will talk today about how to make solar panels at home.
Entering the appropriate search query in the browser, there is a large number of sunscrem to solar panels, and in the CIS countries. Including in Belarus there were several firms and individual entrepreneurs offering solar panels and necessary elements autonomous power supply. Big viewing offers and catalogs of firms, saw such a picture. For example, the polycrystalline panels at 170 W were worth about $ 255, met for $ 420. (True, I did not specify, in which they are supplied, etc., only got acquainted with some of those. Characteristics). They were not cheaper in Ukraine and in Russia. It is very rude, but I think that in Belarus it is necessary to calculate somewhere $ 1.5 per 1 W capacity.
But at the same time, many Russian sites have seen the proposals for kits for self-assembly Small power, for example, a set of 36 polycrystalline plates in 76 W at 2550 grew. rub. or 63 W at 2300 grew. rub. Some bought photocells on eBay. There you can find sets of photocells much cheaper. But it will be necessary to register on eBay, Visa Classic dollar map, registration in the Pay Pal system and binding to the system of your dollar card. There you can also purchase absolutely working items, but discarded for any reason in the industry (B-type). In this option, for some reason no one speaks of delivery, but this question should also be considered. Delivery can be about $ 30.
All offered photoelectric converters are usually two types: polycrystalline and single crystal. Monocrystalline have a longer service life (up to 30 years), but when changing direct ingress of sunlight, the clouds are significantly reduced by power. In this regard, polycrystalline elements are more resistant to change weather conditions. But they have less life (about 20 years) and lower efficiency, equal to 7-9%. Monocrystalline have an efficiency of 13%.
First you need to determine the installed capacity. Calculate all your load that will be powered by solar panels. From here it will be clear how many photocells need to buy, and how much it is necessary to be needed for installation. In the future, they can be increasing. An important component is the angle of inclination of the panel. Naturally, they must be at the maximum sunny side of the house. It is necessary to provide a mechanical change in the angle of inclination, this will allow you to more effectively use the panels. For example, in winter, the angle of inclination is almost vertical in winter to avoid sticking snow.
Plexiglas are quite suitable as a transparent surface, there are examples of application and conventional glass. Here they come from the fact that the surface does not miss the IR spectrum, this will reduce the heating of the solar cells themselves. Aluminum corners are often used as a housing, but other materials (plywood, chipboard, etc.) are found.
Elements are often found on sale with already soldered guides, but maybe not so. You will have to solder anyway, but in the first version, the task is greatly simplified. Especially since the photocells are fragile, and you need to act neatly. Elements can burst, do not put them alone on one, because This can cause fractures of the lower elements. Flux and solder is pre-applied.
After the carcass and the soldering are ready, proceed to the panel assembly. Photo cells are gently transferred to the front surface. Between them should be maintained a small distance (approximately 5 mm). In principle, items can be immediately transferred to facialAnd there to solder, I think so even more convenient. The extreme elements are then soldered to the tires. They are in sets, broader conductors. "Plus" and "minus" is displayed.
Many sources talk about the output of the "midpoint", which will establish shunt diodes to each half of the panel. It will not give the battery to be discharged in the dark or in cloudy weather. Skotke diodes use diodes.
Before sealing, advised to test the panel to check the quality of the soldering. Abroad for sealing uses compounds that cost us quite decently. It is quite possible to do with silicone sealant. You can first fix the entire system along the edges and in the middle, and then pour the distance between the elements of the sealant. The back side can be covered with acrylic varnish, mixing it pre-with a sealant. Example of the manufacture of the solar battery can be viewed on this video. For the assembly, 36 plates were used (4 chains of 9 elements in each).
Hello dear blog readers! In our 21st century, any changes are constantly occurring. Especially acute they are noticed in a technological aspect. Cheap sources of energy are invented, various devices are extended everywhere, which should simplify the lives of people. Today we will talk about such a thing as a solar battery - the device is not a breakthrough but, nevertheless, which every year more and more enters the lives of people. We will talk about what is this device, which advantages and disadvantages it possesses. Also worth the attention of how the solar battery is going to do it with your own hands.
Summary of this article:
A solar battery is a device that consists of a certain set of solar cells (photocells) that convert solar energy into electricity. Panels of most solar batteries consist of silicon as this material has a good efficiency on the "processing" of incoming sunlight.
Photoelectric silicon cells that are spacing in a common frame (frame) take over sunlight. They are heated and partially absorb the incoming energy. This energy immediately exempts electrons inside silicon, which in specialized channels enter a special capacitor, in which electricity accumulates and processed from the permanent variable to devices in the apartment / residential building.
Of the advantages you can select the following:
Of the shortcomings, the following can be distinguished:
As you can see, this source of the energy of the pluses is still more than minuses, and the cons not so terrible as it would seem.
Despite the fact that we live in a modern and fast-growing world - the purchase and installation of solar panels remains a lot of secured people. The cost of one panel, which will produce only 100 watts varies from 6 to 8 thousand rubles. This is not counting something that separately it will be necessary to buy condensers, batteries, charge controller, network inverter, converter and other things. But if you do not have a lot of money, but I want to switch to an environmentally friendly energy source, then we have good news for you - the solar battery can be collected at home. And if you follow all the recommendations, the efficiency of it will not be worse than that of the option assembled on an industrial scale. In this part we will look at step-by-step assembly. We will also pay attention to the materials from which you can collect solar panels.
This is one of the most budget materials. If you are going to make a solar panel for home from diodes, remember that only small solar panels that can save any minor gadgets are collected using data components. The D223B diodes are best suitable. These are the diodes of the Soviet sample, which are good in that they have a glass case, due to the size they have a high-density of installation and have a pleasant price.
After buying diodes, clean them from paint - it is enough to put them in acetone for a couple of hours. After this time, it is easily removed from them.
Then prepare the surface for the future placement of diodes. It can be a wooden plank or any other surface. It requires the holes throughout its area between the holes, it will be necessary to observe the distance from 2 to 4 mm.
After we take our diodes and insert aluminum tails to the holes. After that, the tails need to be cut against each other and solder so that when receiving solar energy, they distributed electricity into one "system".
Our primitive solar battery made of glass diodes is ready. At the outlet, it can give energy in a couple of volts, which is a good indicator for handicraft assembly.
This option will already be more serious than diode, but still is a sample of harsh hand assembly.
In order to make the solar battery from transistors, you will need to begin with the transistors themselves. Breeding them can be bought almost on any market or in electronic technology stores.
After buying, you will need to cut the cover from the transistor. Under the lid hides the most important and element you need - semiconductor crystal.
Then we insert them into the frame and solder them between each other by following the "I / O" norm.
At the outlet, such a battery can give the power, which is enough for work, for example, a calculator or a small diode light bulb. Again, such a solar battery is collected purely for fun and is not a serious "power supply" element.
This option is already more serious in contrast to the first two. This is also incredibly cheap and effective method Get energy. The only thing, at the exit, it will be much more than in variants from diodes and transistors and it will not be electrical, but thermal. All you need is a large number of aluminum cans and hull. Well suits the body of the tree. In the case, the facial part should be closed by plexiglass. Without it, the battery will not work effectively.
Before starting assembly, you need to paint aluminum banks of black paint. This will allow them to attract sunlight well.
Then, with the help of tools at the bottom of each bank, three holes make their way. Upstairs, in turn, a star-like neckline is made. Free ends are bend outward, which is necessary in order for the improved turbulence of heated air.
After these manipulations, the banks are folded into the longitudinal lines (pipes) into the case of our battery.
Then there is a layer of insulation between the pipes and walls / rear wall ( mineral wool). The collector is then closed with a transparent cellular polycarbonate.
This is completed on this process of assembly. The last step is to install the air fan as an energy source engine. Such a battery though does not produce electricity, but it can effectively warm the living room. Of course, it will not be a full radiator, but heating small premises Such a battery is under power - for example, for giving an excellent option. About full-fledged bimetallic radiators heating we talked in the article - in which we examined in detail the structure of such heating batteries, their specifications and compared manufacturers. I advise you to get acquainted.
Leaving homemade options We will pay attention to more serious things. Now we will talk about how to properly assemble and make a real solar battery with your own hands. Yes - this is also possible. And I want to assure you - she will not be worse than purchased analogues.
To begin with, it is worth saying that it is likely that the real silicon panels are used in the free market, which are used in full solar panels. Yes, and they will be expensive. We will collect our solar battery from single-crystal panels - more cheap option, but perfectly showing yourself in terms of generating electrical energy. Moreover, the single-crystal panels are easy to find and cost them enough. They are of different sizes. The most popular and running option is 3x6 inches, which produces 0.5V in equivalent. We will be enough for us. Depending on your finance, you can buy them at least 100-200 pieces, but today we will collect the option that is enough to keep small batteries, light bulbs and other small electronic elements.
As we argued above - we chose a single crystal basis. You can find it anywhere. The most popular place where it is sold in gigantic quantities is Amazon or Ebay trading platforms.
The main thing is to remember that there is very easy to run into unscrupulous vendors, so buy only those people who have a rather high rating. If the seller good ratingYou will be sure that your panels will reach you well-packaged, not broken and in the amount in which you ordered.
After you rain your parcel with the main photocells, you must choose a place to install your solar battery. After all, you will need it to work for 100% power, right? Professionals in this case are advised to install in the place where the solar battery will be directed slightly below the heavenly zenith and look towards the West-East. This will allow almost all day to "catch" sunlight.
After your base is ready, you can place your items on its surface. Photo cells place along the entire design by conductor down (encounter them into our drilled holes).
Then they need to be soldered together. On the Internet there are many schemes for which you have a soldering of photo cells. The main thing is to connect them into a kind of unified system so that they all together can collect the resulting energy and direct it into the capacitor.
The last step will be a soldering "output" wire, which will be connected to the condenser and output the resulting energy.
This is a final step. After you make sure that all items are assembled correctly, sit tightly and do not hang out, they are well closed by plexiglas - you can start mounting. In terms of installation, the solar battery is best fixed on a solid base. Great suitable metal carcassStrengthened by construction screws. On it, the solar panels will sit firmly, do not stagger and do not give in any weather conditions.
That's all! What do we have in the end? If you have made a solar panel consisting of 30-50 photocelers, it will be quite enough to quickly charge your mobile phone or light a small household light bulb, i.e. You have a full-fledged homemade charger for charging the phone battery, a street summer lamp, or a small garden lantern. If you made a sunny panel, for example, 100-200 photocells, then it can be about "SET" household appliances, for example, boiler for water heating. In any case, such a panel will be cheaper purchased analogues and save you money.
This section presents photos of some interesting, but at the same time simple options Homemade solar panels that can be easily collected with their own hands.
Let's summarize everything in this part that we learned in this article. First, we figured out how to collect a solar battery at home. As you can see, the solar battery with your own hands when instructions are assembled very quickly. If you are step by step to follow various manuals, then you can collect excellent options To ensure you are environmentally friendly electricity (well, or options designed for the sampling of small elements).
But still, what is better - buy or make a sunny battery? Naturally, it is better to buy it. The fact is that the options that are manufactured on an industrial scale are intended to work as they should work. With manual assembly of solar panels, it is often possible to allow various errors that will lead to the fact that they simply will not work properly. Naturally, industrial options are big money, but you get quality and durability.
But if you are confident in your abilities, then with the right approach, you will collect a sunbath, which will not be worse than industrial analogues. In any case, the future is already near and soon the solar panels will be able to afford all the layers. And there, maybe there will be a complete transition to the use of solar energy. Good luck!
Electricity is an indispensable part of our life. But at the same time this is expensive pleasure that causes harm to the environment. To get uninterrupted lighting, heat and work all electrical devicesThe whole world uses solar panels. Collected design is fairly easy, you can independently cope with the task.
Many are starting to install solar batteries on their homes that allow you to receive electricity absolutely free. It is enough just to make a sun module yourself, having spent a small amount on materials. But for a start, it is necessary to figure out how the panel from the primary materials works.
Solar Battery Scheme:
The collector is a designer of small parts. The operation of the device consists in the transformation of solar energy into the flow of electrons of a positive and negative charge. High voltage current typical parts to produce not in force.
The norm is considered to form a single element - 0.5 W. solar collector There should be a current current voltage of 18 watts. This energy is enough to charge the battery with a power of 12 watts. For large charges, a large area of \u200b\u200bthe module will be required.
Batteries for solar panels for home or cottage provide the amount of electrical energy. The charge of one module is not enough. But much depends on the devices that work from the power of the solar panel.
The number of batteries with time will need to increase. At the same time, the collectors must also be purchased. For one system, you can take more than 10 batteries.
Batteries and inverters will need to buy in a specialized store or on the market. But the solar battery itself can be built from the remedies.
The principle of operation of the inverter is to process the mined current into electrical energy. When buying a device, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the element. The power of the device should be at least 4kW.
Make a safe and practical wind generator can be independently. What you need to recognize in the following material for this:
Frame for solar panels can be made independently from the primary materials, which will help save. But you can and purchase ready option. For self-making it is best to use duralumin. But you can specifically prepare another material that is covered with special protection.
For charging current at 3.6, it will be necessary to connect parallel to 3 chains. For this, the number of necessary parts is multiplied by 3 chains. If you multiply this indicator on the price, then you can find the cost of the panel.
Details on the solar panel must be connected in parallel and sequentially. It is necessary to observe an equal number of elements in each chain.
In fact, the calculation will be less, as the sun is unevenly shine throughout the day. For a full charge, you will need to connect several panels together. So it turns out 6 series of editions.
Required tools for work:
The number of tools can change. To place all the elements on the frame, you will need a module with a size of 90x50 cm. If other sizes are in finished frames, then other calculations can be carried out.
Geopanel should operate at a temperature of 70-90 degrees. But it is not easy to control this indicator. That is why the frame will need to do the holes for ventilation. Their diameter is approximately 10 mm. Elements for the battery will have to be soldered.
To purchase a set of elements for plates, you will need to spend a certain amount. But in the end, it will still be cheaper than those options that Mariupol and other plants produce. These are silicon plates capable of processing solar energy into electricity. Polycrystalline silicon is used for their production.
Soldering of parts includes such steps:
Before work, it is worth considering that it is not easy to turn the welded design. It is for this purpose that elements are soldered first, and then rows. On extreme elements make a tire for minus and plus. The output wiring is insulated. The outer side of the frame is equipped with a terminal.
If there are difficulties in soldering, you can process the contacts with zero emery paper.
After connecting the elements, you should check their performance. For this use the tester. Optimal instrument indicators - 17-19 W. This event is carried out for several days and only after that go to sealing.
The sealant is applied on the frame and plexiglas. It is necessary to highlight the time to dry silicone. The plexiglass is attached to the plexiglass frame. All seams also need to fill in a sealant.
After the spike collect all the elements together. First you need to deal with inverters. They recycle the current and change its tension.
Types of inverters:
The amount of battery for the house will have to calculate, based on the required power. Also plays the role of the number of panels and the height of their installation. The higher the solar battery, the better.
For domestic needs of the family, 4 kW is needed.
To the battery, the solar battery is connected using a diode. Such an event will not allow batteries to discharge for the night. To exclude recharging and boiling instruments, the charge controller is purchased.
To make a sunbath with your own hands at home, you need to stockpenter with the necessary materials. Needed a copper sheet, plastic bottle Without neck, kitchen salt, warm water and 2 clamps. A tester, electric stove and sandpaper will be useful made of tools.
Consistent Solar Battery Assembly:
Such simple design Can work even without solar energy. But this is a fairly simple panel. It is suitable for charging a mobile phone, no more. You can check the performance of the module using the tester.
Many perform excellent solar modules from remedies. For work, you can use tin cans. At the same time, the material of such bottles is necessarily aluminum.
How to make a solar battery from beer cans:
For the skeleton of the solar module, the foundation will be required wooden Rama and plexiglas. The base substrate is made of foil. This will strengthen the reflective function of the base.
The use of solar energy as a source of electricity is ecological safety. The use of primary means saves on the arrangement of the solar module. Everything remains from such a win.
Make a solar battery will be able to everyone. This does not require special skills and material. Homemade devices are performed from the remedies. But, if you do a serious panel, you will have to purchase batteries and inverters.
