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How to bring new apple trees
ANDvan Vladimirovich Michurin, the great converter of nature, said: "We cannot wait for mercies from nature; Take them with her - our task. " Sixty years of creative labor life Michurin gave the art of creating new varieties. He pointed out the way as you can create new plants.
This path of hybridization, or artificial crossing of various varieties of plants to obtain hybrids (possessions).
As known, fruit tree Without flowering, it cannot tie the fruit and give the seed. Only in the process of flowering, the pestle, the pestle is pollinated with pollen from the same or from another tree of the same breed and fertilization occurs. The seed arising in this way will be a carrier of signs characteristic of maternity and fatherly trees. And in hybridization, a person chooses producers intentionally, that is, with such properties, which he would like to give the future plant.
Here is an example from the work of I. V. Michurin. In the middle lane of the European part of the USSR, there are no pear varieties that would combine a good taste of fruits and ability to prolonged storage, that is, there are no winter varieties. To get such a variety, Ivan Vladimirovich came in this way. In 1903, several flowers for the first time of the bloomed young, six-year-old, the suture of the Ussuri pear, the small fruits of which are rude, were fertilized by pollen, taken from a pot of pear-piano - Italian variety with delicious and long-term stored fruits.
Of the five hybrids obtained from this crossing, according to Ivan Vladimirovich, "successfully connected both in the properties of the tree and in the qualities of its fetus the dignity of both plants producers." The fruits ripen late in the fall and are stored fresh to March (Bere Winter Michurina).
Another example. Currently, the Slavyanka variety is widely known by Ivan Vladimirovich when crossing Antonovka ordinary (Maternal variety) and the Renet of the Pineapple (fatherly grade), whose homeland is France. As a result of the hybridization, the beautiful flavor qualities of the rennet, its exceptional aromatics, it was impossible to be better combined with the winter hardiness of the Antonovka and a very significant fetus to the fetus (until spring).
How is the hybridization of plants? Young gardeners, especially working in circles, not only useful to know the technique of hybridization, but it is necessary to actively take part in the cropping of fruit trees.
The hybridization technique is. On the parent plant outlined inflorescences (so called groups of flowers that came out of one fruit kidney) with normally developing buds and remove the least developed, leaving two or three best. Buds ready to dismiss tomorrow, today it is necessary to open and castrate, that is, thoroughly pull all pollen bags thread or scissors.
In order for the castrated flowers with wind or insects, pollen from other flowers, processed inflorescences should be concluded in white gauze bags, gently and carefully knocked them.
Pollen from the Father's Futy Flower prepared a little earlier - in one or two days before castration. The discontinuity is ready to dismiss, but not yet blossoming bud, the pollen bags are torn off tweezers and fold them into a glass jar. The collected pollen is placed to ripen in a warm and dry place, but not on the sun. Pollen will soon ripen and falls out of the bags. In this form, it can persist, without losing vitality, month or more (this makes it possible to get pollen from remote zones in advance).
The next day after castration of the flower of the parent plant, in the morning, between 8 and 12 hours, pollination is made.
Pollen in the jar shake up and then the tip of the finger or a piece of rubber or cork, reinforced on the wire, is applied to the pistil.
After that, the inflorescence reincarnate to the insulator to protect the flowers, and subsequently marking and fruits from random damage. At the branch of inflorescences attach a label with a maternal plant and a pollinator variety, dates and quantities of polished flowers.
Each flower pollination must be repeated over the next three days.
In the future, as ripening, the fruits take off. Summer varieties give 7-10 days for final aging, after which seeds are chosen. The varieties that mature in a long lying are left for storage and choose seeds from them only when the fruits begin to deteriorate.
Selected seeds are stratified by the usual order and the spring is sown. However, with the stratification of seeds of winter varieties is impossible. It should be done in a timely manner. At the same time, of course, it is necessary to especially closely make sure that each group of seeds has its exact designation.
For greater success of hybridization, I. V. Michurin recommends proceeding from some provisions established by him.
So, the best result is obtained if the manufacturers are taken from different climatic, soil zones, from different reliefs, etc. The hybrids obtained from such crossing are easier to change to the direction you need when they are unusual for them.
Young apple trees that recently entered into fruiting, like adult trees, but with something weakened (arid weather, cold spring, affected by pests), have less chances to transfer their qualities a hybrid than plants in full strength of its development.
During the years with warm, moderately wet and quiet spring, there is the largest percentage of successful crosses. With such weather and the properties of the best varieties developed under favorable conditions of the warm climate are much more fully transmitted to hybrids in our area.
Especially important, Ivan Vladimirovich attached to those influences what a hybrid plant undergoes in the first years of life. The plasticity of the young hybrid is very large, the durability of inherited features is weakened with a new environment in which a hybrid plant is now. Therefore, the education of a young hybrid is of great importance.
Care for the trees in a hybrid nursery, soil processing, pest control should be carried out on a high agrotechnical level. However, in cases where one of the manufacturers is southern grade, fat soil is excluded. Hybrids giving on such a soil growth, are optimized. Only pumped into skinny soil, hybrids are resistant to frost.
The fertilizer of the seedlings, says Ivan Vladimirovich, should be proceeding only when they begin to lay their fruiting bodies. Enhanced nutrition must be continued during the first three to five years of fruiting, when all characteristic are defined. this plant Quality. In addition, it is necessary to hold the seedlings of hybrids from the development of a large number of small branches by the piece of side branching, to direct the movement of juices to the sequencies.
Often, non-specific suspicion relate to hybrid plants, without suspecting that many cultures grown by them on their garden sites are the result of perennial works of breeders.
In downtime plants, such as spinach, when growing in one section, one of the varieties need to remove male plants.
Crossing cross-permeable cultures on isolated plots. Much minimizes labor costs: pollination occurs naturally - wind or insects. In addition, on one isolated area it is possible to lay several plants of one variety, thus increasing the number of obtained hybrid seeds. A significant drawback of this method is in impossibility to completely eliminate the falling of foreign pollen. In addition, with a natural crosswise, about half of the plants are fertilized by the pollen of its variety.
In regions with a warm climate, where the growing season is sufficiently long, for plants with rapidly flowing flowers, insulation can be used in time intervals: different combinations of crossing are carried out on the same site. Different flowering dates exclude unplanned overstate.
In breeding practice, in the absence of sufficient space, insulating facilities are used to organize individual sites:
For plants pollinated by insects, with the construction of insulators, it is better to use materials such as a batter or gauze, for wind-painted crops - parchment paper.
The process of hybridization - plant crossing - aimed at obtaining varieties of plants with the winning properties of parental varieties, such as:
For example, if the father's and maternal plant is resistant to different, the obtained hybrid inherits resistance to both diseases.
Hybrid varieties of plants have better resistance, they are less susceptible to temperature differences, humidity, changes in climatic conditions than their non-mentioned fellows.
More information can be found from the video.
Among the amateur gardeners there are people, truly enthusiastic horticulture. The cultivation of the crop ceased to be for them in itself, they go further and try to invent something their own: for example, special methods of agricultural engineering or withdraw their own variety. Create a new variety of tomato for glood-lovers seems to be a very complex task. Let's try to figure it out: Is it really?
In the picture: The structure of the tomato flower: 1-petal; 2-stamps that have grown in the cone; 3 - Pestka Stil; 4 - column inside the pestle; 5 - maritime; On the left - the pestle is stilts inside the stitching cone, on the right above the cone.
Tomatoes relate to self-polishing plants. Therefore, to bring the new grade, artificial fertilization is necessary. The flower consists of a stamen with anthers (male organ) and pestle (female organ). To obtain a new variety on the parent plant, you need to choose the yellow-green bud (slightly opening) and cast the stamens (plugging the stamens), leaving a pestle with a stigger. At the same time, it is important not to damage them and isolate with cotton.
At one time this operation is carried out no more than two flowers of one brush. The remaining flowers are removed! The next day, on the father's plant in the morning (up to 10 hours), they take pollen from anthers on well discontinued yellow flower and apply a cotton or soft tassel on an isolated flower of a maternal plant. This polished flower is covered with cotton. Do not forget to sign the date and name of parental varieties.
Pollination is not always successful, so the operation is repeated at least 10 times in other brushes. Optimal temperature germination pollen 20-30 degrees. At a temperature of 8-12 and 35-40, pollen becomes sterile and not able to produce fertilization. It is successful to pollination, will be seen in a week. In pollarged flowers will begin to grow marks, and inrectated falls.
After harvesting, the seeds of these fruits will be hybrids of the first generation. IN next year When growing from these seeds, the same features are manifested - hybrid alignment. The following generation takes splitting on various forms of parental signs. Of the variety of received seedlings, it is important to choose those plants that will be the most yields, tasty, and most importantly, to meet your requirements. And only in the third generation varietal features are fixed. It is necessary to closely follow the plants and choose only those that are not split at varietal signs. Seeds with these plants will be given the beginning of a new variety that you have created.
Now let's talk how to choose parental lines. There is an arbitrary choice here. The main aspect on the withdrawal of a new grade is: omitability, yield, disease resistance and reduced temperature. It all depends on your imagination. In the first generation of hybrids, in most cases, the parent plant is similar. The progenitors of many varieties and hybrids are generally accepted varieties: de Barao, a bullish heart. Cosmonaut Volkov, Wolveye Heart, Giant Novikov. When you remove a new variety, it is difficult to collect all the best qualities of Tomato. If you bet on yield, taste is lost. So that the new grade does not hit the phytoofer, parent lines are necessary (better father) choose during the disease of the plants.
In 2008, I brought a very tasty high-yielding grade bag. The weight of the fruits reached 1 kg. Fruits of dark red, sweet, fleshy, in the brush 4-6 fruits. The plant of the intederminant type, powerful, resistant to drought and disease. Recent fruits collected in November. I won't tell about the parents of this variety. Let it be my secret, but I spent a selection work for one year. Material to select parental lines I have a huge: I have a large number of varieties of amateur selection. In the collection of more than 500 varieties and hybrids. More than 30 brought himself. Each season I plant about 200 varieties, and only units are casting. I also have outstanding raspberries (up to 10 g) and strawberries (strawberries) Weight weight 50 - 100 g. All Copta repair (fruit all season). I also have hybrids of high-yielding cucumbers and potatoes, which is not to taste a beetle.
Some grapes are sleeping and see how to bring a new grade, and what to crush such to get a hybrid shape, affecting the imagination with dimensions, color and taste ... I want to disappoint wishes to try on Michurine's Lavra. Selection - the process of long.
If you are not afraid of time, gain patience! You will need the next gentlemen set:
It is not, familiar with the professional literature. It may be a textbook on viticulture for the authorship of Negrul, and "Genetics and Selection of the Grape Vines" Ayvazyan P.K. And Dokuchava E.N.
You still need to turn your vineyard into an impregnable fortress, otherwise the fruits of your combinations can get a banal thieves that will be sold in the market, and you will lose all the results of your work. Such cases are not just knocked out of the rut, the bitter precipitate remains for a long time.
And you still need to put only fulfilled tasks. With the removal of frost-resistant grapes with good characteristics are engaged in integers scientific institutions, and the results are still modest.
A fan breeder such tasks are not on the shoulder. The probability of offspring with frost resistance -23 ... -25 ° С Get a variety with frost resistance -30 ... -32 ° C is the same as thoring jackpot in the lottery. The same can be said about high disease resistance.
Despite these restrictions, enthusiasts are very extensive among enthusiasts. It is possible to improve the color of the covers, the form of berries, the size, taste, structure, the timing of ripening, the power of growth, yield, the floor of the flower, Medemonant ... So work is enough.
Never cross pairs at random. Use the "Duet" rule: if you plan to withdraw a large-year grade with a given coloring cloud, then both parents choose a large-year-old. Use this rule when setting the selection task. The probability of getting a rim variety variety: when crossing ripped varieties, the probability of 3 to 1. That is, three seedlings will be routine, and one is one-sex. Previously, all same-sex forms were inflicted. But if it is done now, we would be left without a talisman, flora, flamingos, Victoria, Sofia, gourmets ... So do not rush to determine hybrid forms, maybe they will have other advantages. In industrial selection from a hundred seedlings, only one or two with specified properties were selected, the rest were damaged. In amateur selection, 20-30 seedlings are considered sufficient.
And last. It is noticed that the earlier time of ripening from the maternal form, the worse the germination of hybrid seeds. The lowest germination of super-art varieties is only 1-1.5%. And the maternal forms with an early ripening period - 10-25%. The best germination of seeds from late mother bushes.
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Loading...According to the lovers of violets, these plants breed easily, so, having an adult bush of varietal sensipolia, you can very soon to grow dozens of young plants. At the same time, vegetative methods are most often used with which it is possible to maintain all the varieties.
Senpairia is breeding with leaf cuttings, the division of the bush and even bloomon. In the removal of new varieties of violets spread the seeds.
In the article, you will learn all about the reproduction of violets at home, sheet, cuttings, dividing bush, etc. and about subsequent housekeeping.
Consider how to propagate the violence. Best of all leaf cuttings are allowed roots in the spring-summer period. For rooting, a healthy sheet of violets with a sufficiently long cutter is chosen (at least 4 cm long).
You need to take leaves not young, but not old. They must be large and without yellowness. Old and very young leaves usually die without putting roots.
The sheet should be cut off as close as possible to the stalk of the plant. If a piece of the cherry still remains on the maternal violet, it must be removed. Such a petiole can bend and destroy all the plant.
The sliced \u200b\u200bsheet is cut down diagonally so that the cut surface is as much as possible. After that, the sheet is rooted and planted into the ground. Sheet shifting allows you to get a plant that is fully appropriate to the maternal. Only a few varieties during reproduction sheet losing their varieties.
Shored leaf cuttings in water, in soil or sphagnum. Rooting in water is the easiest way. The glass pours the cooled boiled water and put the leaves there with cutting down. Temperature during rooting should be maintained from 20 to 24ºС. Under these conditions, the roots should appear after 2 weeks.
Do not hurry to plant rooted leaves in the ground. You can wait another 2-3 weeks until sprouts begin to appear on the cut. Now the leaves can be planted in separate pots with a soil for SENPOLIY. You do not need to plunge them very much, it is not deeper than 10-15 mm. After planting rooted sheet plates watered as adult plants.
Sometimes a fresh cut sheet is immediately planted into the ground. After that, it is watered in the usual mode, glass or can not be covered.
Roots and young leaves appear after 1-1.5 months. The rooting in the ground is associated with the risk of a sheet dropping and this method is considered not too productive.
Good results gives rooting of leaf cuttings in sphagnum.
In this substrate, they do not attend, since Moss-Sfagnum has bactericidal properties. You can use both dry soaked and alive moss.
Very often, violets are rooted right in the soil. To do this, choose large and healthy leaves without defects and damage. The sluggish, who fired, the broken leaves are not recommended, because they quickly disappear, without letting the roots. The sheets of the sheet are shortened, leaving no more than 3 cm. The bottom cut is made at an angle so that the area for the formation of the roots has increased.
Route the leaves in small plastic pots up to 5 cm wide. On the bottom there is a drain layer, equal to the thickness of 1/3 of the porce height. From above, a wet substrate for rooting is poured. It includes an earthen mixture for violets and perlite in equal parts.
The leaves are cheered not deep - no more than 2 cm. In order for a heavy sheet to hold firmly and did not fall out of the soil, it is fixed with chopsticks or matches. For a speedy rooting, it is put under a glass jar or placed in a plastic bag along with a pot.
The temperature for rooting should be within 22-25ºС. Lighting leaves - scattered, not less than 12 hours a day. The substrate as it needs to be moistened, and leaves - open and ventilate. Under these conditions, they are rooted much earlier than in water.
The violet can be raised not only from the whole sheet plate, but even from the leaf fragment. To do this, it is necessary to properly prepare the planting material. The sheet is cut in half and remove the central vein. Then it is cut into fragments that have at least one veil.
The planting material is drying 15-20 minutes so that the sections dried. Then the leaf fragments are planted on the ground. They should not be shuffled. The best pieces are rooted that are not covered, and simply tightly in contact with wet ground. For their fixation, sticks apply.
Located parts of the sheet are covered with glass jars. The substrate is moisturized as drying.
The temperature for rooting is maintained at no lower than 22ºС. Under these conditions, a lot of young plants can be obtained from one sheet, since babe grows from each veil.
Practice shows that the best pieces of the sheet are rooted not in the soil mixture, but in pure moss sphagnum. This material is very moisturizers and has bactericidal properties. In case of rooting in it, the planting material gets extremely rarely, well powers and forms kids.
Fragments of the sheet are breeding violets only experienced flowers, since any error leads to rewarding or drying the planting material. But sometimes this method of reproduction is the only possible.
This happens if the valuable sheet of violet begins to disappear. Then all his patients are removed, cut the sheet into fragments and root them.
This method is multiplied by all varieties of violets, even those who lose their varietal features when reproducing sheet. Typically, SENPOLIA HAMERS is so spread. When growing them from leafy cuttings, young plants often lose a unique color.
The division of the bush can be carried out with a spring transplant of a very scorched plant having many shoots.
Separate shoots that grow from the base of the bush and already have their roots. Such sockets are neatly cut off so that a sufficient number of roots are separated with them.
In reproduction of the flower, the varietal signs of the phialokatim way is also possible to propagate all the varieties of indoor violets with the preservation of their varietal signs. Choose a flowers, recently flashing or with flowers so that there were small leaves on it.The flowers are cut above the sheet and below 1.5-2 cm. Then it is rooted in water or sphagnum and planted into the ground to such a depth so that the leaflet is on the surface.
Varietary seeds of indoor violets can be bought in flower shops or garden centers. Sometimes it is possible to get them at home.
During flowering, you can pollinate the flowers of violets, and sometimes they themselves are pollinated if the pollen from the neighboring flower hits the pestle. After that, a box with seeds is formed, but seeds ripen for 6 months, and in some cases and even longer.
Before growing a seed violet, you need to prepare everything you need for seedlings. The seeds of violets are very small, in each box is from 100 to 300 pieces.
Seeds are sown at the end of March or in early April. They are not sprinkled with soil, but only pressed to the ground. Water with moisture sprayer.
Temperature during germination should be maintained at no lower than 22ºС. The container is closed with glass, but regularly ventilated to avoid reproduction of fungi. In such conditions, the seeds germinate after 2 weeks.
Seedlings as they grow picked 3 times. During the third dive, they are planted in separate pots. The reproduction of violet seeds is not the easy task.
The substrate for violets should be nutritious and at the same time loose and breathable. You should also take care of the sterility of the soil mixture, since violets are subject to various fungal infections and easily rotate.
The soil for violets is sold in flower stores in assortment. Each manufacturer of soil mixtures provides customers with substrates for these popular indoor plants. To sterilize the purchased soils, heating or freezing at low temperatures is used.
The soil for violets is difficult to cook alone. But if you really want, you can try. The soil for violets should be in its composition:
The resulting mixture is added by humus - 1/10 part of the total volume.
For the burst of the soil use perlite and vermiculite. They are mixed in equal parts and add 1-2 glasses per 1 bucket of soil mixture.
Ready soil for violets be written. This procedure destroys the eggs of pests, harmful bacteria and fungi.
Children of violets appear at the base of the paper sheet. If the sheet rooted in the ground and was covered with a glass jar, it is gradually open. While the kids are too small, they do not touch them, but only moisturize the soil as drying. Young plants need scattered light, sun rays can burn them.
As soon as young sockets reached a diameter of 5 cm, they are seated into separate pots.
By this time, the rooted old sheet is already dried. For miniature varieties, the diameter of the transplant socket can be 2-3 cm. Babes ready for transplant must have 2-3 pairs of leaves. If there are fewer them, the likelihood is greater that the young plant has a very weak root system.
When transplanting, it is necessary to prepare several plastic pots with a diameter of 6-8 cm. Drainage is placed on the bottom, and 1-2 cm of soil for violets are poured on top. Young outlets are removed from the pot and gently shared. Each kids should have well-developed roots. They are planted into a new pot, sprinkling roots with soil. The ground in the pot is slightly condensed.
If some kini kini are still very weak, they are also planted in new pots and cover with glass jars. In conditions of high humidity, young sockets are rapidly rooted. When they go into growth, banks can be removed. If the sheet gave just one babe, it is transplanted in a pot of larger hand transshipment.
After transplanting, young sockets need to pour. Next, they need to be care for adult plants. After the violet has 5-6 large adult leaves, the old minor leaves can be neatly trimmed.
The first 2-3 months after transplanting the sockets do not feed. Then you should start feeding with liquid complex fertilizers for flowering plants. Usually, young violets, rooted in the late spring, begin to bloom already at the beginning of autumn.
Now you know how to multiply violets at home correctly. About the main care for sensipolia can be found here.
dom-Florista.ru.
How to bring new varieties of violets to please a girl for a birthday) who already did it or who Neum is who knows who did it I do to throw pictures in komenti)
The work of the breeder to eliminate the new variety of violets, requires him of tremendous patience, experience and knowledge. The process of how to withdraw a new variety of violets is described and has been studied for a non-one millennium. Its principle is based on a multiple process of crossing various varieties of violets and requires years of painstaking labor. To bring a new variety of violets, you must first of all get a strong basic knowledge of the cultivation of various varieties of violets and be able to grow healthy flowers of various varieties. Then you need to learn them correctly pollinate. In order to properly pollinate the violet flower, you need to put pollen on the pestle, which is borrowed from the yellow anthers of the plant. The boot is opened in advance with a sterile needle. Pollen is ready for pollination after ripening, on 5-6 days after the flower disclosure. After ripening, it remains active for three months. The maturation of the pestle can be found out according to the characteristic droplet of the fluid, due to which the pollen will attach well to the surface of the pestle. After pollination, the accumulative ovary will finish forming a box, in which small seeds similar to dust are formed with ripening, having a dark brown color. Following 5-7 months, when the seeds cling to his maturity, the stalk will start and the box can be easily separated from the plant. The ripe box must be removed from the plants, dry it for several days and opened with the needle. Seeds are placed in paper kules and stored in a dry and dark place. Seying seeds can be 2-3 weeks after ripening, although depending on the variety, they can maintain the germination of six months or more. The transfer of the peculiarities of parental couples The new type of violet is extremely complex. For example, if we cross the purple and pink violet, you can teach offspring with blue and purple colors. If you cross the violet with simple colors and terry, the likelihood of getting offspring with simple colors is extremely high. Throughout multiple pollination, you can withdraw new, no one previously created varieties. But to grow a new grade it will take time, and not one year.
Well, perhaps on the 50th anniversary of the girl ... it is very difficult and for a very long time if your girl loves violets and collects them, then go to any site dedicated to trading in varietal violets and order the planting material of steep varietal violets, get in the mail and handing a girl. You can open the catalog and ask the girl to choose the violets that she liked. The main thing is to stop on time ...
This matter is very long and painstaking, if you can now begin to be in five years and please it with a new variety. But this is if you are already experienced flowerflower and the cultivation of violets from seeds is not a problem for you.
Buy ready-made, at the exhibition. I think your girl will get ready any violet if so is not in her collection
indoor-plants-tips.ru.
Also during the laying of the boutons, you can make a feeder with a fertilizer with a phosphorus content, and for young plants with a large amount of nitrogen. Fertilizer for violets can be applied not more than 1 time per month, alternating various types.
For a good growth in a pot can "live" only one plant, so when you grow up, extra sockets need to disembark, but with caution, so as not to hurt the roots. This makes it possible to get another plant without spending extra finances.
There are several ways with which the Uzambar violet multiplies. Care at home will make it quite easy to prepare the planting material for its reproduction and even growing new varieties:
The optimal time for this: spring and summer, because in the winter the plant is at rest and requires specific conditions for care.
The easiest way, with which you can grow at home many plants of the type Uzambar violet - reproduction with cuttings. To do this, use the largest leaves that need to be cut through a very sharp knife at a small angle (so as not to remember the stem).
There are 2 ways to root the leaves:
When the adult violet has already rummaged well, then subsidiaries begin to appear next to it, which will also help multiply this plant. To join the outlet, you need to wait until it rotes the minimum to 5 cm in height. After that, it is very gently separated from the main stem, trying not to harm the roots.
It is better to plant in the same soil, after rooting after a month, the violet will release fresh young leaves and the formation of buds will begin.
The varieties of Uzambar violets are a great many different colors and shapes of leaves, which were derived by professional biologists specifically or even lovers at all. Moreover, in reproduction with cuttings, any flower water can grow a completely new grade (degenerate varieties).
SENPOLIA varieties are divided into several groups largest outlet, varieties of colors and form of leaves.
Thus, the varieties with a monophonic color or with a border naturally inherit the features of the parents during a sheet of reproduction, and the border may appear only during the second flowering.
Fantasy species (decorated with stains, stripes, points) is recommended to multiply with flowers or with the help of steps, then they inherit such a color. In the same way, violers, having a drawing on colors in the form of a ray begged in the same way.
Ampel varieties having a long stem and growing at several points are distinguished by a large number of colors and multiple sockets.
Osa type varieties - one of the new and original species of violets, in which the flower has 2 short upper petals and 3 lower, longer and narrow, forming an exotic appearance.
One of the popular varieties is now - a blue violet, derived in Russia, has large, up to 10 cm, bright blue flowers, and the plant itself is a strong tv and high up to 40 cm. There are several such varieties of violets having a different flower shape:
Violets are very whimsical plants requiring certain humidity of air and soil, a lot of light, but not direct sunny, defined care and feeding. But even when all these conditions are fulfilled, the plant is ill.
The main task in such a situation is to learn how to determine the cause of the disease and distinguishing infectious diseases of the Uzambar violet and non-infectious diseases, i.e. caused by the shortage of some beneficial substances or incorrect conditions of content.
One of the common problems is the yellowing of the leaves in the plant, which is most often caused by the irregularity of the soil, too bright sun or strong shadens.
Infectious diseases of violets:
The most common pests affecting Senpolia:
The Uzambar violet, or SENPOLIA - is very beautiful and diverse in color and varieties a decorative plant, which is successfully grown on the windows with many lovers and professionals of decorative flower growing.
The violet is an annual or many years of herbaceous plant, which has more than five hundred varieties, characterized by coloring, shape and size of leaves and flowers. Since he blooms in early spring, His bloom seems to marvel the end of winter. It is believed that the birthplace of violets is Australia.
This flower can be grown in a greenhouse or at home. The violet reaches a height of 30 cm and is characterized by active growth.
Flower care is quite simple and does not take a large amount of time. The violets love good lighting, but should not be placed under direct sunlight. The best side for growing will be the northern, in the extreme case - Eastern or Western.
In order to ensure uniform growth and development of violet from all sides, it periodically needs to turn it with different parties in relation to light.
In the ground with a pot, it is advisable to add coarse sand and peat moss. Do you need to prepare a drainage in advance so that he takes no less? Pot.
The violet loves water, so the soil in the pot must be constantly wet. However, it is not worth pouring the water too much, otherwise the roots can start garn.
Paletka is necessary once a year. However, you should not take a pot of larger. It is enough to change the earth and plant a plant in the same pot.
The reproduction of violets is carried out by leaflets or their fragments, that is, a piece of sheet. The rooting of the sheet can be carried out in water or soil.
Rooting a whole sheet in water
Rooting a whole sheet in the ground
Rooting a fragment of a sheet in water or soil
If in the process of cultivation to use "tight" varieties of violets, then kids may appear no earlier than four to six months from the date of landing. In this case, it is possible to stimulate faster growth of children, if you intentionally damage the leaf plate. With the help of a sharp knife you need to cut one third or one quarter of the leaflet. The cut can be made by male, cutting the triangle on the veils, or in a straight line, as shown in the photo below.
The method of landing part of the sheet is the same as the whole.
Upon respecting the rules of care and reproduction of violets at home you will please the luxury hats of beautiful colors.
There are several breeding methods of indoor violets and cannot be unambiguously called simple or complex, as well as the process of their reproduction as a whole. The violets are whimsical and delicate plants, but those who grow for a long time, confidently argue that with experience it becomes absolutely simple. What are the subtleties, what features are, and what method gives the greatest likelihood of rooting a new plant, let's tell further.
There are vegetative breeding methods: a sheet, integer or part of it and a color-seed, or seed sowing method. Everyone has their own pros and cons that everyone understands how it will be easier for him, we describe each way in detail.
The reproduction of violet with the division of a sheet or a whole sheet is the most common and simple way. Here everything is primitive and simple: from the parent plant is cut, a healthy leaf is cut or carefully and settled into the ground. You can wait for the rustling of roots in the water and only after that, knowing for sure that the roots are already there, plant in the ground. This is already individually for everyone. For the extension in the store, special soil is selected for violets (may also be called "for SENPOLIY"). If the germination occurred in water, then rooted cuttings are planted into the soil with great care, as the root is very fragile and sensitive.
If there is no possibility to roigate a whole sheet, or you want from one sheet to get a few sockets, that is, the separation options for the sheet. From it is cut off the upper part, but not horizontally, but in the lounge (triangle is cut off) and this part is planted for the formation of sockets.
It is possible to divide the entire sheet into a few segments and land them all into a kind of greenhouse, then the boring will be created much more. This, of course, a few jewelry, requiring accuracy, skills and a very acute tool (the use of which also requires accuracy and skills), but with a great desire to try. The first time may not work, but every subsequent everything will become much easier.
It is worth noting that not all violets are subjected to such a method of reproduction. Common and favorite "Phialcomanama" of Saintpolia with this method are very well multiplied, but for chimer it does not fit, varietal signs when separating the sheet are not transmitted.
Immediately warn that not all blooms are suitable for breeding, so they should first examine them, and then determine whether to use whether to use the sheet. So, if there are slightly leaflets on the flowers slightly below, it can be the basis for a new violet.
Here, again there are two options: you can simply bend such a flowers to the ground, giving it the opportunity to grow, so the roots, or gently cut it and coincide as a sheet. When choosing an option, it is necessary to be guided by the place of the color-based and whether the bending of the plant does not injure.
In reproduction, thus, the varietal signs are always transmitted, in which plus, but there are two minuses. Firstly, the flowers with leaves rarely happen, secondly, not everyone wants to deprive their beauties of its main decoration - colors.
The breeding of violet seeds is also practiced, but not too often and there are two good reasons for it. The first is that this process is long, painstaking and unreliable, and the second that when sowing seeds does not retain the original plant grade, that is, the violet is multiplied, but not the same. The method is used mainly to remove new varieties.
The method of sowing seeds, as can already be understood, the breeders are used. To prepare enthusiasts to future results, we note that no more than 1-3% of the new plants will continue to grow after first bloom, everyone else will become unsuitable and will be thrown away. In addition, germinated sprouts will require constant supervision, control and care, so at home this method is not considered appropriate and generally real, so we recommend choosing any method vegetative reproduction violets.
The article was given two versions of the vegetative breeding of violets: a decorator and a sheet or part of it. They are used most often and give good results. There is a third option - reproduction by side sockets, kids.
Babies grow quite often. This may be caused by a plant injury, the extraction of the stem of an adult plant or maybe a species feature. Children can grow in the sinuses of the leaves or on the stem, but also so, and so they are easy enough to separate. The branch of the children is generally recommended so that they do not interfere with the development and growth of the main plant. An unambiguous advantage of such a method of reproduction is the absolute repetition of species signs and simplicity, moreover, children are rather quickly rooted.
And at the end of the useful video and cultivation of violets from the sheet.
The reproduction of violet sheet at home is possible. However, there are a number of nuances that need to be considered. There are certain requirements for seedling, there are also rules for its primary processing. In order for the sheet to start to start roots, you need to properly put it in the ground or water. In the first case, it is impossible to forget about watering mode so that soon the plant has rooted, and about the dangers that can be caused by bacteria seedlings.
The multiplication of violet sheet takes place in several stages. They consist of:
Best time The year for reproduction of the plant is a leaf - spring and summer, since in this period enough light, and heat. But if the breeding of the plant sheet is the only way to save a rare variety, then experienced flower It will be possible to make a conceived and the rest of the year. To do this, create greenhouse conditions. The temperature in the room should be at + 22 ... + 26 ° C, the humidity is considered optimal at 50-60%.
Before starting a plants transplant, it is necessary to study the planting material. Choose juicy, dark green sheets without defects. Tips for the choice of a flower transplanting material:
k-dou18.ru.
Uzambar violets are attractive for home maintenance with their long-lasting flowering, variety varieties, unpretentiousness and possibility of light reproduction. These colors do not need a lot of space on the windowsill, sometimes they contain them at the racks next to the window, highlighting daylight lamps. SENPOLIA is considered a symbol of home comfort, they are almost in every apartment. Let's talk about how you can propagate these gentle plants with just one sheet.
The violet refers to the family of heesnery. For the first time this plant was found in East Africa. SENPOLIA is classified as a herbaceous plant with a very short stem and a lush sheet. The leaves are most often the heart-shaped form, they can be rounded and more elongated. The top side of the sheet has downwards, its painting can be different shades of green. The lower part of the leaves is brighter, greenish or purple. Leafs look quenched due to pronounced veins.
On one blur formed from 3 to 7 small flowers. With full bloom of an adult rosette on a violet can be at the same time up to 100 flowers. With good conditions, SENPOLIA content bloom continuously 8-9 months a year. Currently, almost 1,200 new hybrid varieties. Their difference can be seen both in the size of the sheet socket, and in the form, painting of flowers.
Violets with simple, semi-world and terry inflorescences are derived. Califer chimeras are increasingly popular. Their gene structure is changed in such a way that the synthesis of pigments occurs differently in different parts of the petals and the color is obtained very unusual. Unfortunately, the varietal signs of such plants are lost during the reproduction of the sheet, remaining only in the steps.
The quality of planting material is strongly affected by the ability to roouging. If you decide to multiply the violet sheet, choose it from the middle layers of the sheet outlet. The lower old leaves are already weaker and have a smaller stock of vitality. Their proximity to the Earth increases the risk of pathogenic microflora and argument of mushrooms on them. And if you cut off the sheet from the paint socket, it is easy to damage the point of growth, in this case the plant will cease to develop.
On a note! The sheet selected for breeding should be fully formed, have a good turgor and sufficient sizes.
If you got a leaf, obtained by mail or brought by your familiar who managed to become slightly sluggish, it will help soaking in warm boiled water with the addition of several potassium permanganate crystals. It is desirable to hold it in a solution of about 2 hours, this will allow you to restore elasticity and will kill the pathogenic flora at the same time.
After that, the sheet should be blocked up with a napkin and cut the edge of the cutter with a sharp knife in such a way that its length is 3-4 cm. Single can be made both direct and at an angle of 45 degrees. Next, proceed to the rooting process, which can be produced in two ways: in water and in the substrate.
Rooting in water
The "water" method will be more suitable for inexperienced flowers, since with this method of rooting it is easy to observe the process of increasing the roots and the state of the cutting. It is advisable to use boiled or filtered water so that it does not spoil quickly. The dishes are better used from dark glass. For rooting in water, it is necessary:
If the process goes as it should, then the appearance of the roots can be seen in 2-4 weeks. Sometimes it happens that the end of the stainstand is still loading. In this case, it is necessary to immediately cut the affected fabrics to a healthy place and put the sheet into a cup for rooting. In this case, the dishes are treated with an antiseptic, and then poured fresh water.
Attention! Some violet lovers with the "water" way of rooting leave a sheet in water until a young outlet appears. We do not recommend this, since in this case the shoots can be weakened, which will worsen their further development.
When boarding a sheet with roots into the soil, keep in mind that it is impossible to plunge it strongly, otherwise the outlet will be harder to break up the top. 1/3 planting pots are filled with clay, on top of which the loose soil mixture is placed. The planted sheet is covered with a glass jar, pre-moisturizing the substrate. The jar is raised daily for 5-10 minutes to ventilate, it is necessary. Remove the shelter in 2-3 weeks when the young outlet appears.
How to breed a violet sheet in water: video
Rooting in the substrate
If the sheet cutlets sat down immediately into the ground, the rooting will occur even faster than in water. It is better to resort to this way if the leaflet is not quite mature or, on the contrary, the old, lost the tour. When landing into the ground, the sheet of leaf is trimmed slightly shorter, up to 1.5 centimeters. The pot is enough to take a very small, 5 cm in diameter. It must be a drainage hole. The drainage layer is covered on the bottom, and then the soil consisting of fertile land and perlite. Perlite will contribute to the deduction of moisture in a small amount of soil and at the same time will facilitate air access to roots.
Helpful advice! For antibacterial effect, you can add sphagnum substrate.
Some flowerflowers share the experience of planting leaf cuttings in peat pills. They argue that, due to the presence of nutrients, with this method of planting roots and young sockets are formed very quickly. For successful rooting in the substrate, heat and light is important. Light day should be at least 12 hours, and the room temperature is 22-26 degrees.
Showing a latch paper sheet in the substrate: video
In order for violets to remain healthy and long-lasting, they need to create comfortable conditions, providing the necessary temperature, lighting, humidity, producing feeding and transplants in a timely manner. Let us dwell on these important points.
Temperature and lighting
Violet violevis. The minimum temperature of their content should not be lowered below 18 degrees, the optimal indicators are equal to 20-24 degrees of heat. Plants must be protected from drafts. If in the winter the windowsill are too cold, put pots with violets to heat insulating stands so that the roots are not transferred.
Lighting SENPOLIAMS need bright and scattered, without direct sunlight. In summer, they are better to have them on the northern and eastern windows, and in the winter to move to the southern and western windowsills. In very sunny days on the windows it is necessary to organize shading, in the winter of plants, the opposite is shoved. To the socket is not curved, it is periodically rotated to the light with the other side. You can grow violets with completely artificial lighting, it does not affect their growth. For this, daylight lamps are quite suitable.
Air humidity and watering
Violets do not like dry air. Especially the flowers suffer from it in the period when the central heating is included. At the same time, it is impossible to spray the leaves due to the fact that they are pubescent. Pork can delay water, on the leaves, as a result, rot rot. To moisturize air, it is desirable to use special humidifiers or arrange on the windowsill with water tanks.
You can water violets on top of a fringe or leaks with a narrow nose, such watering is called drip. At the same time you need to be careful with the amount of water and follow so that it does not get on the leaves. If it is difficult for you in this way to regulate watering, watering sensipolia through the pallet.
There is purely pure dilated water, give the soil to impregnate moisture, after which the water residues merge. This method is considered more secure in terms of overvoltage. Some apply a wick watering, but it is not suitable for all varieties and has a number of shortcomings. This method is better to apply if necessary, for example, at the time of departure on vacation or business trip.
Upborms and transplants
For feeding, you can use superphosphate granules that are laid during transplantation into the soil. This stock of violets is enough for a while. After 1-2 months, it is possible to begin to make weekly complex and organic fertilizers, alternating them among themselves. The organic is well assisted only adults and healthy copies. Complex fertilizer is bred in water according to the instructions and watered the moistened soil with a solution.
In big pots, the violet is not worth it, otherwise you may not wait for flowering. The new pot must be 2 cm more old in diameter. Better if it is made of plastic. You can land the violet and the former capacity. In this case, it is getting out of the pot, cut the old and dead roots, shake the old soil, and then plant a flower in place, slumbering a little fresh earth. The pot is better to rinse well inside with a brush to disinfect it and remove fungal disputes.
As a soil, you can take a special land for Senpolya, adding perlite and vermiculite in it.
Before boarding the bottom, it is necessary to put a drainage layer of clay. The soil must be wet, but not raw. Plant plant so that the sheet socket does not touch the ground. The first watering is carried out in two days after the transplantation.
Flowers advise to begin breeding violets with simpler varieties, capricious hybrids require experience in content. If you provide a plant perfect conditions, It will not create any special problems. As experience accumulates, you will make less errors, learn to "understand" your flower. After that, it will be possible to start to contain and multiply more exotic varieties.
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