The drainage chute is in its essence channel or tray, which serves to collect and lead water during precipitation or melting of snow from the roofs. Its section usually has a semicircular or rectangular shape. The size of such elements is selected taking into account the intended load - the amount of water depends on the climatic conditions, as well as the corner of the roof of the roof and its area.
The design of the shape of the chute and the material of the product should be chosen taking into account the characteristics of the architecture of buildings, appearance and the roofing material. When choosing the size of the element of the drain system, you need to know that the more it is the cross section, the greater the volume of water can be taken and effectively removed.
Installation of the drainage chute should be carried out under a specific slope with the help of brackets or hooks. If the angle of the slope is too small, the water will be stirred in the trays. And in the case of a too large slope with the flow of water, the funnels will not cope.
Depending on the montage of the chute is divided into such types:
Distance between the funnels, and therefore maximum length One gutter should not exceed 10 m. In places of rotation, special angular parts are used. The top of the trays is desirable to cover with a special grid after installation. It will protect the leaves, trees and other garbage from entering them, which will prevent the normal water removal.
Today you can buy a drainage gutter of different lengths and diameter of the cross section of plastic and galvanized metal - this is an economical and practical option. There are also elements of drainage from copper, aluminum and various alloys. However, the price of gutters from such materials will be much higher and not available for everyone.
Watercolutions systems.
The removal of rain and melt waters with the roofs is the necessary measure that ensures normal operation of buildings. Methods for receiving and issuing must be justified in the project, and drainage devices comply with the requirements of guests.
In the simplest version of water with scope roof May die directly to the ground. This method of drainage is usually called unorganized. The justification of its application is exhausted by isolated cases: for example, for small buildings with single Roof (And provided that the water does not fall into the breakdown or sidewalks). But it is necessary to understand that an inorganized drainage in the end leads to damage to the elements of the facade, the destruction of the base and the premature wear of the foundation due to an excessive high hydrostatic load.
There are only two ways. organized Watercolutions: internal and outdoor. The outer drainage except the direct function of the water removal must have elements of aesthetics.
For inland drainage Pipes are located inside the building, usually in the distance from the outer walls. Roofing, endanders and suspension in this case should have biases to the water-driven funnels. The waterfronts need to be located evenly through the roof area at low sections and at a distance of at least 500 mm from parapets and other protruding parts of the building. The area of \u200b\u200bthe roof coming on one funnel must be installed at the rate of 0.75 sq.m. Roofs on 1kv.Sm. cross section Pipes.
With organized outdoor drainage Water flowing from the roofing water in the gutters is allocated to the outer drainage pipes. Such a drainage is the most popular, but also more time-consuming, compared with unorganized. It forms a drainage system, complied with several elements. For moderate latitudes with an average precipitation fallout organized drainage set by the perimeter of the building - the best way. However, it is impossible to say that the gutter and drain pipes spoil appearance building. On the contrary, chosen with taste, they give the house some finish and revive it, hanging the house with comfort and signs that he live.
Any exterior drainage system consists of horizontal wall or suspended gutters, vertical drainage pipes and plots by which the vertical elements of the drainage system are connected to horizontal elements.
The main features with which you have to deal with the device of external drainage in our conditions:
Above the entrances to the building and over other places of pedestrian zones on the pitched roofs, it is necessary to organize snowstand.
The main parameters of the calculation of the system.
1.
The main parameter when calculating the bandwidth of the drain system, its configuration is waterboat area. Most often, the area of \u200b\u200bthe catchment is adopted by the area of \u200b\u200bthe row or the area of \u200b\u200bthe rope of a horizontal plane.
2.
Bandwidth The gutters and pipes depends not only on their cross section, but also from the system design. For example, an increase in the length of the gutter twice leads to a similar reduction in its bandwidth, since it is the length of the gutter limits the volume flowing from the roof of water. It is necessary to choose the most suitable groove in size, that is, to make a configuration from the smallest number of basic and connecting elements and thus simplify installation, reduce the system as a whole. The boards of the grooves make a height of at least 120 mm, and the distance between the drain pipes is not more than 24m (usually 12 ... 14 m).
3.
Much attention to the bandwidth of the grooves has them bias. With an insufficient slope (less than 2%), "overheet" is possible, with very large-"chopping" of receiving funnels.
4.
Wall or suspended gutters are installed on the roofs, the coatings of which are made with a slope of more than 15%.
5.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe drainage pipe in the light is taken at the rate of 1,5cm2 of its cross section on the 1m2 roof area.
Main points of installation of the system.
The drainage system with a suspended chute.
1.
Picture of a cornice sweep.
2.
Hanging gutter.
3.
Hanging gutter with terminal terminal.
4.
Gutter with insert.
5.
Pipe drain. It is hung in two receptions from below: first grasp, then the elements of the drain pipe (the lower link, interflied, knee, funnel).
6.
T-shaped bracket.
7.
The suspension bracket is selected with such a calculation so that the pipes slope from the wall at a distance of 100-150 mm.
8.
Knee.
9.
Motion is mounted at a distance of 30-40 cm from the ground level.
Wall-mounted drainage system.
1.
Picture of a cornice sweep.
2.
Picture of a wall gutter. Stacked at the end of the coating curisa Nights. Usually there are between the water-driven funnels with a slope of 1:20 to 1:10.
3.
Pool tray.
4.
Bracket wall mounted. Installation work system starts from their installation. Put on top of the cornice paintings.
5.
T-shaped bracket.
6.
Bracket joining a tray with a water-driven funnel.
Service of the drainage system.
Elimination of small defects and faults.
Malfunctions of drainage devices, entering the mooring of the house designs, must be eliminated immediately.
Drainage pipes and other parts made of black roofing steel periodically, after every 3 years, stain with oil paint.
It is impossible to allow accumulation of garbage in the gutters, internal drainage funnels and drainage pipes. In the spring, after melting snow, the roof is cleaned of garbage, inspect the surface of the roofing layer, clean the drains, damage is eliminated.
To clean the water bridges from dust, alley and dirt are removed and removal lattices and glasses. To prevent the internal drainage waterfronts for preventing the waterfronts, special protective caps are installed above the water driving funnel.
Periodically check the density of the pairing carpet with funnel, the serviceability of the compensation termination (to compensate for temperature and sedimentary deformations) located in the upper part of the drainage riser, the density of the connection in individual links of the riser, as well as serviceability hydraulic shutter, revisions and cleaning. With a faulty "compensator" bursts the roofing carpet in connections to it with antelotable funnel.
To avoid frost drainflowers and pipes need to arrange thermal insulation of pipelines within attic room, technical underground (floor) and issues.
Cleaning roofs from garbage, snow and ice.
On all types of roofs of residential buildings during operation, it is required to clean the roofs and drainage devices from garbage, which prevents the flow of water. It should be cleaned with protective grilles, waterfronts of both internal and outer drainage.
The roofs sweep as leaf clusters on the roof. The prerequisite is cleaning the roofs and gutters from the garbage in the fall before falling down the snow and in the spring after melting of snow.
The roofs with an outer drainage must be periodically cleaned from snow, not allowing the accumulation of its layer more than 30 cm. During thaws, snow should be discharged with a smaller thickness. Cleaning from snow and ice roers should be entrusted to roofers, as well as workers who know the rules of roofing, and are performed only by wooden or plastic shovels, with leaving a bitter-adjacent protective layer 5 cm thick.
Test and icicles on the raids with an outer drainage should be periodically removed, not allowing their formation.
The use of steel shovel and scrap at cleaning roofing from snow is categorically prohibited.
It is forbidden to produce the creamy of leaves and garbage into the gutter and funnel of internal and external drainage.
When dropping snow from the roof, it is necessary to take measures that exclude damage to electrical and telephone wires, visors, signs and green spaces.
Funnels of outer drain pipes are recommended for the winter with special leaf-leaf-leaf lids, to prevent snow accumulation in funnels, ensuring the flow of melt waters during thaws.
To protect the walls, the foundation of the house from the rain or melt water, it is necessary to equip his roof water removal system. If the water from the pitched roof flows directly to the ground (the so-called unorganized drainage), then with time due to the high hydrostatic load, the termination of the base and the foundation, damage to the facade of the building may occur. Water-feline systems collect water from the entire surface of the roof and direct it into one specifically reserved place. The water removal system consists of several elements, including drainage pipes, wall-mounted chute or suspended with fasteners, funnels for draining water. When choosing elements of the drainage system, it is necessary to take into account the aesthetic component - its color and materials from which are made are made, must be combined with the roof, windows, platbands at home.
The outer organized drainage is suitable for use in those climatic zones where water in the outer pipes will not freeze. When organizing such a water removal system should be considered the following points:
Let us dwell on the designs of the gutters for water flow and consider their features, advantages and disadvantages.
The drainage system will protect the house from the effects of precipitation and melt water
Wall-mounted chute is mounted on the edge of the roof of the roof near her sweep. The design is a low facet, installed at a small angle to the scene so that two gutters converge at the lowest point are hung them directly above the drone drainage pipe. Water, staining along the roof, hits the wall of such a side and then goes directly into the pipe. The undoubted advantage of such a system is that it prevents an avalanche-like slope from the roof and the formation of icicles.
The wall chute is more durable than the suspension, and more suitable for harsh snowy Russian winters. Such designs are produced both made of plastic and more durable metal. The material is selected depending on the roof material. Thus, the copper wall-mounted chute is best suited to the roof of the copper - the photo below shows an example of a roof of the roof and the drainage system.
The lack of wall structures is that winter time Floinding and snow, accumulating in them, with raising the temperature are saturated with melt water, and leaks may occur.
The drainage system will protect the house from the effects of precipitation and melting water. Wall-mounted gate
The suspended gutter is mounted under the sink of the roof using special metal brackets repeating their shape. The fastener is mounted either to the rafters, or to the frontal (wind) board, which is located under the scene. When installing, it should be borne in mind that in the case of attachment to rafters, the brackets must have a different deflection, the value of which will increase towards the corner of the house, where, as a rule, the drainage pipe is attached. If the installation is carried out to the front board, it suffices to install the fasteners details at different levels, thereby providing the design required slope. It is best not to interrupt the chute over the funnel of the drainage pipe, and the hole to cut out in this place is the hole of this diameter so that the water in it does not accumulate.
Suspended structures Provide full collection of all the water from the roof, including drops from the cornice, which is their advantage. The disadvantages include exposure to deformations in the event of forehead and icicles, besides, the snow and ice coming from the roof can disrupt the design from fasteners.
Suspended chute is mounted immediately under the sink of the roof
The area of \u200b\u200bthe roof is the main parameter from which the diameter of the elements of the hydrogen system and the required number of funnel depends. When calculating, the following points should be taken into account:
In addition, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of the slope. A small bias can lead to its overflow by water, and a large angle can lead to the fact that the funnel will not pass the desired amount of water. When installing the tilt of the gutters are made at the rate of 2-4 mm per meter of its length.
Watering system roofing for precipitation protection
A properly mounted waterproof system will help protect the walls and the foundation of the house from the destruction caused by water. When calculating and installing the design, you need to consider a number of important moments: Choose the material of the components of its elements correctly, determine the fastening method and choose the angle of inclination of the grooves, calculate the diameter of the pipes and the number of funnels, etc. Therefore, to be confident in the fact that your home is reliably equipped with a high-quality waterproof system, it is best to entrust this work to professionals.
Central Research
And organizations
Mechanization and technical assistance to construction
TSNIIIMTP
Typical technological map
On the device and repair
Metal roof
Moscow 2002.
The technological map covers the issues of the device and repair of the metal roof.
The map was developed on the task of the management of the development of the Government of the Government of Moscow in AOZT Tsniyomtp by the staff of the Scientific and Production Center.
Responsible performer Koloskov V.N.
1.1. The technological card is compiled on the device and repair of a metal roof.
1.2. The technological card is compiled in accordance with the "Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction".
1.3. The analogue adopted a four-storey sixteen-alarm house with dimensions in terms of 33.6 × 13.2 along the axes (Fig.,).
2.1. Device metal roof
2.1.1. Prior to the start of the metal roofing device, organizational and preparatory activities should be performed in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 * "Organization of construction production."
2.1.2. All installation and related work are completed, acts on hidden work in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and Fencing Constructions".
2.1.3. Preparatory work include:
checking compliance with the design slopes of the roofing rods;
checking the correctness of the device of the crate;
sorting and checking the quality of the supplied metal sheets.
2.1.4. The roofs of galvanized or black roofing steel are provided for roofs of buildings with a slope of from 30 to 60% (16 ° -30 °).
2.1.5. The main materials for heated steel roofs are the delicate steel roofing non-zinc (black) or galvanized.
2.1.6. Roofing steel is produced in the form of sheets of 1420 × 710 mm, 2000 × 1000 mm, a thickness of 0.4-0.8 mm, mass (depending on the thickness) from 3 to 6 kg.
2.1.7. Non-scattered (black) sheet steel is used limited in construction and overhaul Buildings.
The roofs require frequent pains with the use of olifa.
2.1.8. The most efficient use of roofing galvanized steel. It is less corrosion, its service life is much larger. The galvanized steel surface must be smooth, without films, bubbles, chapels, with dense and uniform galvania.
2.1.9. In addition to leaf steel, during roofing works:
roofing nails with a thickness of 3.5-4 mm, a length of 40-50 mm with a large hat for taking sheets of steel to the crate on the cornese skes and fastening the curver;
construction nails with a thickness of 2.5 to 4 mm, a length of 50-100 mm to feed crutches and hooks;
klimmers (made of roofing steel trimming) for fastening the roofing sheets to the crate;
hooks (performed from strip steel 5-6 mm thick, 16-25 mm wide and 420 mm long) for mounting wall-mounted gutters;
crutches (performed from strip steel with a thickness of 5-6 mm, a width of 25-36 mm, 450 mm long) to maintain the cornese swells);
milking for fixing drain pipes to the walls of the building;
clamps on bolts for fastening drain pipes, funnels and low tide.
2.1.10. Any roofs consist of two main parts - carrier and fencing (roof itself). With wooden carrier design The roof from the sheets of steel and the distance between the rafters of 1.2-2 m is usually suitable for a sequence of a cross section of 200 × 50 mm and bars with a cross section of 50 × 50 mm.
2.1.11. Bruks and boards have a distance of 200 mm from each other. With this location in the crate of a person's leg going on the roof of the roof, will always be relying on two bar, which will prevent the roofing deflection.
2.1.12. The shell under the roof of sheet steel should be smooth, durable, rigid, without protrusions and recesses. There is no more than 5 mm between the control rail length of 1 m and the crate.
2.1.13. For the device of the eaves and wall chutes, they laid a solid adhesive flooring from edged boards width in 3-4 boards (700 mm). The facet of the eaves should be straight and freeze from the cornice to the same value throughout its entire length.
The solid flooring from the edged boards is also arranged under the raging (on a width of up to 500 mm in each direction).
2.1.14. Along the rank of roofs, two converging edges of the boards are placed, which serve to maintain the skate joint.
2.1.15. The durability of the roof depends on the proper device of the crate, since even a slight deflection of sheets on it weakens the density of the joints (folding), which leads to leaks and the destruction of the coating.
2.1.16. Of the total work on the device of metal roofs, approximately 50% are mounting workperformed directly on the roof, i.e. In the most difficult conditions.
2.1.17. Roofing installation works include the following operations:
coating of cornisses;
laying of wall gutters;
order coating device (roof rope coating);
speed \u200b\u200bcoverage.
The scheme of the organization of work in the device of the metal roof is presented in Fig. .
Prepared in advance roofing patterns raise the roof using the KS-35714K automotive crane in special containers. To receive them on the roof there is an inventory-collapsible platform and a lightweight stand for storing sheets (Fig.).
2.1.18. The covering of the cornice begins with the installation along the ride of crutches designed to maintain paintings. The crutches are naked to the crate after 700 mm from each other with a removal (Svet) from the edge of the crate of 130-170 mm.
All the crutches must be laid with the same Sve, so first nourish two extreme crutches, and one of the nails on each crutch is not completely clogged. Between these nails, the cord is stretched, which determine the positions of all intermediate crutches.
2.1.19. The roof coating sheet steel is made from pre-harvested sheets, called paintings.
Pictures can be single and double (of two sheets) connected by short parties. The last method is more productive, as it reduces labor costs to connect the sheets on the roof and allows the use of enlarged roofing elements (Fig.).
The preparation of patterns is to bend the edges of the sheet from four sides for the subsequent connection of them on the roof of the fold (Fig.). It can be done manually or by a mechanized method on folding machines.
Roofing sheets are usually connected to a short side of the sheet with laying folds, and in long-standing (swinding). When covering the rocks of the roof, the ridge folds are located on the skate, and the laying - across (parallel to the roofing), which does not interfere with the flow of water from the skates. Fold compounds may be single and double.
As a rule, the compound of sheets to cover the roofing rods is made by single fold and only with small slopes of the roofs (about 16 °) and in places of the greatest cluster of water (gutter, suspension) - double.
Coating of roofing rods one of the most time-consuming operations in the device of the roofing of sheet steel.
In the complex of work performed on the roof of the device on the device of an ordinary coating of the skates, the greatest labor costs occur on the connection of the paintings by graveling folds, since the length of the last two times the length of the lying folds, of which half is running in the workshop when painting paintings.
Usually, the combination of roofing patterns with rowing fold is made by roofers with hammers or hammer using a log bar (Fig.).
Recently, an electro-grabbing machine (Fig.) And adaptations-Grebeliebiba are proposed and applied to perform work without the use of roofing hammers.
2.1.20. Prepared earlier and put on the roof, the cornisic patterns are placed on top of the crutches on the sink of the roof so that the edge of them having a turnorive tape is tightly joined the protruding part of the crutch. The unfriendly edge of the sheets on the opposite side is nailed to the cutting of nails with a distance between them 400-500 mm. Hats nails are further closed with a wall-mounted chute. Pictures of the cornisic sink are combined with each other with false folds (Fig.).
2.1.21. At the end of the coating of the cornisses, laying of wall chutes produce. Usually, the gutter has between the water-made funnels with a slope of 1:20 to 1:10. Works start with the installation of hooks, which are placed on a line scheduled for styling of grooves and a chopped with a watered cord. Hooks are put on top of the cornice pictures at a distance of 650 mm one from the other. Crocheus should be located perpendicular to the line of wall gutters and navigate two or three nails to the crate (Fig.).
2.1.22. At the end of work on laying wall chutes, the roofing rods are coated. The patterns of the ordinary coating of the forcep roofs (two-tight) are usually placed, ranging from the nipce wall (front), and the buckle (four-tight) - from the edge of their skates.
The paintings lay out the roofs in the direction of the roof in the direction from the skate to the groove (Fig.). Pictures in each band connect with each other with false folds. In this way, several bands are laid, which are temporarily attached from the skate to the cutting of nails (behind the edge of the folding edge of the ridge).
Fronton Svet must hang from the crate by 40-50 mm. The fastening of the sink is performed by end beams installed after 200-400 mm, which, together with a longitudinal bend, the ordinary band are bend in the form of a double standing fold (Fig.).
Fronton sinks of monumental buildings, as well as buildings built in areas with squall winds, should be fixed as well as cornice skes, i.e. On crutches with the device of closer tapes with drippers.
2.1.23. Along the collected from the paintings of the strip to the side of the crates nourish the beammers (Fig.) At a distance of 600 mm from each other. Then collected the second strip and put it in such a way that the rented large edge of the first strip adjacent to the small bent edge of the sheets of the second strip. At the same time, adjacent bands shifted relative to each other by 40-50 mm so that the lying folds of neighboring paintings were arranged.
2.1.24. Stacking ordinary bands on the skate are carried out with a release of 50-60 mm above the roof skate for the formation of a skate crest. In order to avoid meeting on the skate of two swords of the opposite rocks of the roof, they have a rotator on a mutual distance of at least 50 mm.
2.1.25. Neighboring stripes of paintings are first connected by the ridge fold only in the klimmer, while they are tightly tightened to the crate, and then all over the combed fold.
2.1.26. Following the coating of the roofing rods, there is a coating of sparheads from the skate to the scene (Fig.). The discrepancies collected in the workshop and the strip of the lane in the rolled form are deployed and placed in place so that the longitudinal edges of it fit under the edges of the edge coating of the rods, which are cut off with manual scissors along the limit borders. Then the edges of the suspension are combined with the edges of the ordinary coating with a false fold, bent towards the suspension, with the final seal of folds in Cyan.
2.1.27. After connecting to the ordinary coating, the upper end of the suspension, adjacent to the skate, is cut into the shape of a skate, and the lower, adjacent to the wall chute - parallel to the direction of the gateway with the leaving the edge for the fold. Then the suspension is combined with a ridge ridge fold and with a wall-mounted chute - with a fold, bent toward the gutter (in the direction of water flow).
2.1.28. The folds, which are connected by the shears of the suspension among themselves and with ordinary roof coating, should be missed by a sulb smelting.
2.1.29. In order to better drain the water due to pipes from the top side of the pipe, they make a triangular cutting (diverse) in the form of double roof From boards or bars, navalized to the crate and sheet steel coated steel (Fig.). Water flowing from the roofing rope, cutting into a cutting and flows through the skates. The collar's edges formed by the edges of the paintings should be tightly wrapped the trunk of the pipe and connect in the corners to Falk.
2.1.30. As an option, the framing of pipes can be carried out by a collar, which is made according to the template in the form of P-shaped half (Fig.), Which are connected by double folded pearly on the flow of water on the roof.
Blood adjoining K. chimney pipe It is suitable by embedding the edge of the coating in the otter.
2.2. Repair of metal roofs
2.2.1. Repair of old roofs from sheet steel depending on the degree and the nature of their wear is divided into two types: capital and current.
The overhaul refers to the complete (or large areas of the roof) of the roofing coating, as well as drain pipes and linear coatings on the facades of the building.
Current repair includes a partial shift of roofing ( small sites Or individual sheets), setting patches, sealing fistula, replacing the unsuitable parts of the drainage pipes.
2.2.2. In case of major repair of sheet roofs, which provides a continuous or significant change in roofing, work on the workpiece or laying of roofing paintings is performed by the same methods and techniques that when the new roof is appliance. In this case, only an operation on the preliminary removal of the old roofing coating that has come into disrepair is added. When disassembly, the roof is first infringe on or cut off the ridge folds, then disconnect while lying.
2.2.3. Removed from the roof roofing steel is carefully sorted. Sheets suitable for reuse are cut off with scissors, straighten and clean.
2.2.4. Current repair is performed as follows. Before starting the repair to detect damaged places, the roof is viewed simultaneously from the outside and from an attic room. Inspection of the attic is made on the lumen in heavy rain or after it.
The detected places of damage to the roof are delineated by chalk and applied on the roof circuit, where the dimensions of the replaceable roof sections indicate.
2.2.5. Removal (disassembly) of damaged areas of the roof is performed on the entire width of the sheet (between adjacent swords). When setting new sheets or paintings, first connect them to the old coating by the false folds, and then comb with simultaneous strengthening clemmers. At the same time, the folding line of one band should not (as in the new coating) coincide with the line of the lying fold of the neighboring strip.
2.2.6. With small places of damaged places, the roofs on them are posplanted from roofing steel. To do this, the damaged part of the sheet is cut down with a chisel along the shell lines so that the new junction is located on the hard base. Patches on the roof put on the entire width of the sheet (between the comb folders). Works are produced in the same sequence that when changing whole sheets or paintings.
2.2.7. When repairing the roof, it is sometimes a partial or solid change of wall grooves, eaves or rash, which are destroyed by rust faster than others.
When changing the grooves, it is necessary to first make sure that the coating of the cornese swells is correct, otherwise it is first necessary to change the unsuitable parts of the sinks so that it subsequently did not have to remove the renovated gutter.
2.2.8. Repair of cornisic soles is to replace damaged areas with new or in straightening the brushed parts. When changing damaged cornisses, you must first disassemble the gutter and remove the hook. When changing the grooves and rashheads, it is necessary to make sandings to the ordinary coating, as the use of old lying folding of the ordinary coating to connect their paintings of the gutter or the suspension is not allowed.
2.2.9. Small repair of roofs from sheet steel involves a supply device. Fistula and holes up to 5 mm are cleaned of dirt, rust and fragile painting with a steel brush and close up with a thick oil sulb smelting outside and on the side of the attic, overlapping a damaged place by 20-30 mm.
In case of damage to 5-30 mm, the torn edges of the holes are adjusted and cleaned. The hole canopy the palauls, impregnated with thick drying paint. The purified place with the legized hole on top is missing with a sulb smelting, then it is imposed on it to pay the size of more damaged space for 80-100 mm from thin fiberglass, impregnated with thick drying paint. The pay is thoroughly smoothed and pressed to the metal sheet following the complete impregnation of fiberglass and the quality of gluing, especially around the perimeter of the patch.
2.2.10. The need for machines, mechanisms, instrument, inventory and devices are given in Table. .
Table 1
|
Name |
Type, Mark, GOST |
Technical specifications |
Purpose |
Number on the link (brigade) |
|
|
Automotive crane |
KS-35714K. |
Load capacity - 16 t, Arrow Telescopic 8-18 m |
Feeding materials on the roof |
||
|
Lock |
4C 1-6,3 GOST 25573-82 |
Load capacity - 6.3 tons |
Also |
||
|
Container |
Feed to roof metal sheets and roofing paintings |
||||
|
Inventory |
Receiving containers with roofing patterns |
||||
|
Inventory stand |
Storage of individual roofing paintings |
||||
|
Electric breeding machine |
Weight of 26 kg |
Fitness bending and sealing |
|||
|
Roofing hammer |
MKP-1 MKP-2 MKD-3. |
Mass of 0.6 kg Mass of 0.8 kg Mass of 1.6 kg |
Roofing |
||
|
Bowls Maintenance |
GOST 7214-72 |
Punching holes |
|||
|
Chisel cleaned |
GOST 7211-86 * E |
Mass of 0.1-0.2 kg |
Metal cutting |
||
|
Construction ticks |
GOST 14184-83 |
Mass of 0.39 kg |
|||
|
Measuring ruler |
GOST 427-75 * |
Measuring linear dimensions |
|||
|
Metal measuring tape measure |
GOST 7502-89 * |
Also |
|||
|
Scissors |
GOST 7210-75 * E |
Mass of 0.7 kg |
Cutting sheet steel |
||
|
Electric scissors |
IE-5407. |
The thickness of the leaf is up to 3.5 mm. Mass of 4.4 kg |
Also |
||
|
Combined pliers |
GOST 5547-93 |
Mass of 0.23 kg |
Different works |
||
|
Caller check |
GOST 3749-77 |
Mass of 0.89 kg |
Check and marking direct corners |
||
|
Circle Vocket |
Mass of 0.21 kg |
||||
|
Mounting belt |
GOST 12.4.089-86 |
Mass no more than 2.1 kg |
Safety technique |
||
|
Casque construction |
GOST 12.4.087-84 |
Mass of 0.4 kg |
Also |
On the brigade |
|
|
Construction mittens |
GOST 12.4.010-75 |
Also |
Also |
FACADE
Fig. one
Roof plan
Fig. 2.
Scheme of the organization of work when applying a metal roof
- workplaces of roofers
1 - Crane automotive KS-35714K; 2 - needle flooring from boards; 3 - doom; 4 - inventory; 5 - metal stand; 6 - picture of ordinary coating; 7 - picture of a wall gutter; 8 - the border of the danger zone near the building under construction.
Fig. 3.
Inventory team-collapsible
Metal stand
Fig. four
Double painting
Single picture
Fig. five
Types of folds
Greblya single
Comb Double
Lying single
Lying double
Fig. 6.
Connection of Pictures Captive Fold
Roofing hammers
With the help of hammer and timber
With the help of electric welding machine
Bar discovery
Fig. 7.
Scheme of the device of the cornis
1 - rafter foot;
2 - doom;
3 - needle flooring from boards;
4 - picture of the cornice sweep;
5 - crutch.
Wall-mounted charts
1 - rafter foot;
2 - doom;
3 - picture of the cornice sweep;
4 - hook for a gutter;
5 - picture of a wall gutter;
6 - Tray.
Fig. nine
Diagram of the device of the roof of sheet steel
|
1 - Picture in the ordinary strip; 2 - Lying Falset; 3 - comb Falk; 4 - ridge ridge fals; 5 - board; 6 - slinge foot; 7 - doom; 8 - crutch; |
9 - nursery flooring; 10 - picture of a wall gutter; 11 - hook; 12 - picture of the cornice sweep; 13 - funnel; 14 - tray; 15 - Fronton Klimmer; 16 - roofing nail. |
Ridge ridge folding
Fastening of the frontal edge of the ordinary strip
Fig. 10
Connecting the sheets of the sheets of standing folding with the fastening of their murmerous to the crate
1 - klimmer;
2 - roofing sheet;
3 - obsek.
a - D - sequence of operations
Fig. eleven
Diagram of the resolution device
Fig. 12
Roof adjuncing schemes to chimney
1 - cutting;
2 - otter;
3 - doom;
4 - collar.
3.1. In the process of preparing and performing roofing works from. Sheet steel check:
the quality of the supplied sheets;
the readiness of the structural elements to perform roofing works;
the correct implementation of all the adjoints to the protruding structures.
3.2. The reception of the roof must be accompanied by a thorough examination of its surface, especially in the drainage trays, in the suspension and places of the adjoints to the protruding structures over the roof.
3.3. Leaf steel roofing must meet the following requirements:
have specified slopes;
the coating in all compounds should be dense and waterproof, be a surface without convexities and depression;
roofing sheets must be firmly attached and fit tightly to the crate;
when examining the coating with the roof, the attic should not be visible to the lumen;
comb folders must be mutually parallel, the same in height and not to have cracks.
3.4. The production defects found during the inspection of the roof must be corrected before the commissioning of the building.
3.5. Acceptance of the finished roof must be issued as an act with an assessment of the quality of work.
3.6. In case of acceptance of work performed, the acts of hidden works are subject to certification:
blood adjoining to the protruding parts of the ventshacht, antennas, stretch marks, racks, etc.;
device roofing sheet steel.
3.7. Requirements for quality and control objects are given in Table. .
table 2
|
Name of processes and structures subject to control |
Specifications Quality Assessment |
Subject of control |
Method of control |
Monitoring time |
Responsible for control |
|
|
Preparatory work |
||||||
|
Device metal roof |
Compliance project |
Distance between the elements of the crate |
Measuring tape |
In the process of work |
Master |
|
|
One lumen not more than 5 mm is allowed between the control rail and the crate |
Luckiness of the crate |
Control rail length 1 m |
Also |
|||
|
Geometric dimensions and quality of metal sheets |
Metal sheets |
|||||
|
Metal Sheet Roof |
||||||
|
Compliance project |
The coating in all connections should be dense and waterproof, smooth without convexities and depression. When inspecting the roof covering from the attic should not be visible. Comb False must be mutually parallel, the same in height and not to have cracks |
Visually, Roulette Measuring |
||||
Table 3.
|
The code |
Unit of measurement |
Scope of work |
Justification (Yenir et al. Norms) |
Rate of time |
Labor costs |
|||||||||
|
workers, person-h |
machineist, Chel.-h (Masha) |
workers, person-h |
machineist, Chel.-h (Masha) |
|||||||||||
|
Cutting device |
100 m 2 skate |
Yenir 1990 §6-9, Table. 2 No. 1G. |
13,5 |
87,8 |
||||||||||
|
Device of cornice skes from roofing steel |
1m |
93,6 |
Yenir 1987 §7-6, No. 1a |
0,17 |
15,9 |
|||||||||
|
Device of wall gutters |
1m |
93,6 |
Yenir 1987 §7-6, No. 5a |
0,18 |
16,8 |
|||||||||
|
Roof covering ready-made paintings |
10 m 2 coatings |
Yenir 1987 §20-1-113, № 5 |
123,5 |
|||||||||||
|
Preparation of paintings for coating skate |
10 m 2 coatings |
The same, number 3 |
65,0 |
|||||||||||
|
Preparation of paintings for covering the eaves of soles, wall chutes and suspensory |
10 m 2 coatings |
The same, number 4 |
78,0 |
|||||||||||
|
Feeding materials on the roof |
100 T. |
Yenir 1987 §1-5, No. 1 |
22,0 |
11,0 |
||||||||||
|
TOTAL |
395,8 |
Roof steel steel |
Snip IV § B Chapter 8-4 |
0,51 |
0,51 |
|||||||||
|
Boards 40-70 mm |
m 3. |
1,47 |
1,47 |
|||||||||||
|
Bar 50-70 mm |
m 3. |
0,65 |
0,65 |
|||||||||||
|
Construction nails |
kg |
|||||||||||||
|
Roofing nails |
kg |
|||||||||||||
|
Construction forgings (crutches, hooks, etc.) |
kg |
72,0 |
72,0 |
|||||||||||
7.1. Roofing work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNIP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction" and GOST 12.3.040-86 "Construction. The works are roofing and waterproofing. Safety requirements".
7.2. Persons are allowed to the device of roofing work that have been allowed to teach secure methods and techniques to perform these works that have received the appropriate certificates and the insertion in the workplace. Extraordinary safety instructions are carried out with the transfer of workshops from one type of roofs to another, with changes in the work of work, violations of the rules and safety instructions.
7.3. The admission of workers to the performance of roofing works is allowed only after inspection by a pro-worker or master together with the health brigadier and the integrity of the supporting structures of coatings and fences.
7.4. It is not allowed to perform roofing work during ice, fog, eliminating visibility within the front of the work, thunderstorms and wind at a speed of 15 m / s and more.
7.5. The heads of the construction organization promptly notify the specialized division leading roofing, on sharp changes in weather (hurricane wind, thunderstorms of snowfall, etc.).
7.6. All persons on the construction site are obliged to wear protective helmets. When performing work on the roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, the workers should apply safety belts. The belt fixes are indicated by the Master.
7.7. The coating materials must be supplied in a technological sequence ensuring the safety of work. When serving roofing materials To cover the crane, the lines of goods should be performed only by inventory slings. Elements and parts of roofs, including protective aprons, drain links, plums, etc. must be submitted by workplace In terms of harvested form. The billet of these elements and parts directly on the roofs is not allowed.
7.8. Place materials on the roofs are allowed only in places stipulated by the project production project, with the adoption of measures against falling, including from the impact of wind.
7.9. During interruptions, technological devices, tools and materials must be fixed or removed from the roof.
7.10. The zones of permanent hazardous production factors include:
roofing shelter coating with an angle of inclination of more than 20 °;
plot of feeding and receiving roofing materials.
7.11. The zone of potentially active hazardous production factors is the site of the construction site, located on the perimeter of the building, on the roof of which work is underway.
7.12. To reduce slip legs on the roof during the work of the roofers should wear rubber shoes.
7.13. On the entire perimeter of the part of the buildings on which the roof covering or repairing, on Earth, denotes the boundary of the zone dangerous to find people. The width of such a zone should be at least 3 m from the wall of the building. The border of the danger zone is denoted by signal tapes, signs, inscriptions and installed on the racks.
7.14. The installation of the caps and umbrellas on the headings of the flue and ventilation pipes should be performed from scaffolding. It is forbidden to use for these purposes.
7.16. In a relationship fire safety Manufacture of works on the roof device should be organized in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01-97 * "Fire safety of buildings and structures" and "Fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation work".
7.17. If the fire occurs in the workplaces, it is necessary to extinguish it using fire extinguishers.
7.18. In cases of accidents that occurred as a result of the accident, all operations on the evacuation of victims, the provision of first medical care, delivery (if necessary) in medical institution Performs a roofer under the leadership of the wizard (pro-bar).
Regulatory labor costs workers, people .......................................................... 60,9
Regulatory expenditure of machine time, Mash.-h .............................................. 0,7
Duration of work, shift ...................................................... 1,7
Development per worker in shift, m 2 ............................................................. 13,1
CONTENT
For the Wall-mounted chute muster on the mounted cornice, the previously applied on-clone lines restore (see Fig. 88) in both sides of the water-section. On these lines, the "funnels and the watershed are settled by lighthouse hooks; Their vertical from-gibbs should be on the specified lines. Between the beacons (perpendicularly lines), the remaining hooks with gaps of 670-130 mm are fixed in the same way. The hook on the watershed is installed perpendicularly perpendicular to the corrosion.
Popular patterns of the gutters are collected, like a cornice coating. In the manufacture of paintings, the direction of water flow is taken into account. The assembly leads from water-driven funnels to the watershed. The boost of the groove is connected with a mustache with each other, taking into account the direction of water flow. At the same time, the upper edge of the paintings on the eaves is always located above the top of the boost of the gutter. On the watershed and when sheocking the funnel, the paintings are connected by double lying false. The boards of gutters on hooks fix rivet. The upper longitudinal edge of the wall-mounted chutes is connected with the patterns of the ordinary coating of the folding seam. The tray is installed along the axis of the water treatment site with such a calculation so that its tail-tavern should be under the ends of the wall-mounted chutes.
Fig. 89. Wall chute device:
1 - pin with a bracket, 2 - water-driven funnel, 3 - tray, 4 - floor-groove flooring, 5 - Slinge foot, 6 - Nutil, 7 - Oberestenina, 8 - picture of wall chute, 9, 13 - nails, 10 - crutches, 11 - hook for the Loba, 12 - picture of the cornese swell , 14 - Cleame
Lapel fasten four 30x40 mm nails. The bead of the tray. And the grooves are connected by the corner folds, rejected on the inner planes of tray boring (Fig. 89, node 2).
Trays for water-made funnels collected in the bush of the roof of the building are somewhat different from ordinary trays installed on its cornices. If the trays can be prepared in advance for trays, then the corners of the trays are usually done on the spot along the station. At the same time, take into account the width of the wall-mounted chute, their position relative to the eaves and the height of the sides.
Suspended grooves are semi-round or rectangular trays that are hanging directly under the drain edge of the cornese swell. Suspended gutters serve for the same purposes as wall mounted. Water collected by the grooves is given to funnels.
On the cornily, the chute is located so that water does not shimmer from the skate through its front side.
Before installing tray brackets in terms of level, the horizontal of the front edge is checked. Staples are fixed in such a sequence. At first, there are two extreme (weapons) brackets, stretch the cord between them and are placed on it and the remaining staples are embedded in the milking base.
Raised to the cornice of the chute (Fig. 90) laid on the tray brackets 2 and fasten with klyamers 6. In order to extend the consequences of the expansion of the gutter at temperature fluctuations, compensators are arranged or made moving seams.
The compensator is a water-made in Ronca, which includes freely embedded ends of the suspended gutters on both sides. This design of the same-LOBA allows it to be freely lengthened or crushing 10-15 mm, which is quite enough for temporal changes in different time of the year.
Movable seams are made at the point of the highest lifting of the grooves. Here the end ends of the gutters close up with tin plugs. Between their ends, the temperature gap is 30-40 mm. Both ends of the gutters are closed on top of a tin lid (two-skate), in which water flows into the ends of the gutters. In some cases, it is possible to limit the rigid fastening of the same-bed to one of the brackets located in its middle, leaving the ends only movably fixed in the klyamers.
Fig. 90. Suspended chute device:
a, b. B - variants of the device of the grooves (villages are given at points of the highest lift); 1 - chute, 2 - tray bracket, 3 - roofing, 4 - flooring, 5-slave, b - kleer, 7 - screw with head Woven, 8- picture of the cornese swell, 9 - nail, 10-strut
Device of waterfronts. Water-receiving funnels make round or rectangular shape. In both cases, one or two holes for entering the gutters are arranged in them. The funnel is fixed to the eaves a standard pin with a crimp clamp. Revulsions of the rim of funnels are recommended to additionally fasten with rivets with both tray boards. After that, the pictures of the cornese swells are placed (if they are provided - renance) and proceed to the coating.
