Laying the floor on logs is the most commonly used type of leveling the floor surface. For wooden floors, logs are the main frame element. If you choose and install them correctly, the floor will be reliable and will last a long time. Mistakes made at this stage will be expensive: you will have to disassemble finish coating and eliminate imperfections.
SPECIFICATIONS
For waterproofing use roofing felt laying it on a concrete base. The overlap on the walls is 10 cm... The distance between the logs, their height depends on what the insulation, the finished floor will be and the load on it. The height is usually 5 to 10 centimeters(it should be one and a half to two times larger than the width), the distance between adjacent lags 30-50 centimeters.
The best for the manufacture of supports is dry coniferous timber thick not less than 5 centimeters... If, with lags, the floorboard is parallel to the light rays from the window, then the lags are arranged perpendicular to the boards. You can study the article on your own.
At a convenient distance from the floor (about one and a half meters), using the hydraulic level, markers are set in all corners of the room. All marks are connected with a chipping cord, getting a straight line. With the help of a tape measure, using the control line, they check the horizontalness of the subfloor near the walls and set the lags at a given distance.
At a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the wall, using several substrates, install the first lag. Having measured the distance from its upper edge to the control line with a tape measure, the extreme lag is mounted at the same height at the opposite wall. These are lighthouse logs: using a long rule or a cord stretched between the extreme logs, it is easy to set the height of all intermediate bars. The deviation from the verified plane should not exceed 1 mm per linear meter. Check the horizontality of each lag and their position relative to each other.
Installing lags
The lining under the logs should be dense and elastic: euroruberoid, rubber, conveyor belt. To prevent the material from moving, it is fixed on the logs with a stapler. It is convenient if there are several types of lining of different thickness. So that the lags do not move, they are fastened with auxiliary slats of the required length.
V doorways high permeability, which increases the load on the floor. Therefore, in these places, reinforced double logs are laid, the edges of which protrude on both sides of the opening. The adjoining room coverings will be supported by these reinforced beams.
Installation of beams
If the length of the beams is not enough, they will have to be joined along the length. The joints should be staggered with a take-off run of at least 50 cm, between them it is necessary to maintain technological gaps of 1.5-2 cm. Irregularities occurring on individual beams are locally smoothed out with a plane. it general rules installation of a frame made of beams. The technology may differ depending on the base on which it is mounted.
Such floors are made in houses from wood and mineral materials. There are load-bearing beams between floors and on the basement floor, where they isolate the floor from contact with the ground, serve for ventilation and thermal insulation. If the finished floor is installed directly on the joists, sound vibrations are transmitted to the walls, making the structure too noisy.
Logs on floor beams
Significantly reduces the level of vibration and sound vibrations, installed on independent supports that are not associated with the structure of the walls. Supports for logs are made of red brick. The foundation for the support bricks is a layer of compacted rubble or a separate concrete foundation under each brick. Instead of brick, they sometimes use screw piles... A layer of crumpled clay is laid on the ground as an incompressible base.
Lags on the ground need waterproofing
Distance between adjacent supports 50-100 cm, 30-50 cm between rows. If the logs will be joined along the length, the joint should be on the support. The height of the supports is calculated so that the distance from the inside of the floorboard to the layer of rubble or soil is no more than 25 cm. Waterproofing is provided by a layer of roofing material placed under the logs. The gasket between the logs and the brick support is wooden blocks treated with an antiseptic, the thickness of which is at least 2.5 cm.
For a reinforced concrete base, an elastic lining is needed, the thickness of which should be at least 1 cm. For fixing the lag, it is convenient to use direct suspensions, such as used when working with drywall. They are fastened to the concrete base with strong dowels through rubber gaskets. Movable and elastic pads of various thicknesses take on the entire load in the future, help to set lags and absorb vibration, you cannot do without them.
Option for attaching the lag to a concrete base
If reinforced concrete slab has significant irregularities, it should not be compensated for with a large number of spacers, it must be leveled with a screed.
Special, threaded polymer struts help you accurately and quickly
Wood flooring in your home is the traditional approach to creating a beautiful and durable flooring base. But someone who is not an expert in the construction business is unlikely to know that wooden flooring is arranged like a floor on logs. What is it, and how is such a structure constructed?
First, you need to decide on the concept of lag. it wooden beams, which are installed across the room and are the basis for wood flooring... In fact, it is Basic structure, which must meet the criteria of strength and reliability. In addition, it must be flat so that the upper edges of the beams form a single horizontal surface. It is on these characteristics that the quality of the lag structure depends.
There are several types of bases on which logs can be installed:
Let's look at each option and determine how you can build a floor by logs, and also find out what materials are needed for this.
What is what bearing beams? These are longitudinal supports, the ends of which rest on the basement of the building foundation. As beams, logs, beams of large cross-section, metal profiles or reinforced concrete lintels of rectangular cross-section can be used. Let's face it, neither metal nor reinforced concrete is used today in private construction. It is expensive and difficult to conduct installation works... Yes, and logs are not in honor today, because they have an uneven surface, therefore further work they are difficult. That's why the best option- these are square or rectangular beams.
So, the beams are installed, now the logs are mounted on them. Since these two elements are made of wood, they can be fastened together with ordinary wood screws or pins through a through hole. Today, a more simplified connection method has appeared on the market, where special metal fasteners are used. Usually, it is for these purposes that a metal corner with mounting holes is used.
The log structure has a high criterion for the evenness of its upper edges. Therefore, they must first of all be leveled before starting to be attached to the beams. Remember that the leveling method is the same in all log floor structures, regardless of the type of subfloor.
There is a simple technology that gives one hundred percent results. To do this, you need to set at a certain height in one horizontal plane two logs, which are located at opposite walls. This is not difficult to do if you know how to use a tool such as a level. True, for this you will need both a hydro level and a regular building level. You can use a laser level. It simplifies work and precisely sets lags in planes. By the way, it is in the last version that the human factor is absent, which in any case will give a small error.
If any end of the log needs to be lifted, a wooden stand is placed under it, which can be cut from the same bar. If it is necessary to lower the end, then you will have to cut a small layer of wood from the lower end, on which the lag rests on the beam. So, two logs are exposed, now pull several rows of strong thread between them. Please note that it is necessary to tighten the threads so that they do not sag. So much for the plane - horizontal and flat. It is on it that the intermediate elements of the lag structure will be installed.
As you can see, load-bearing beams plus joists are a serious and very strong foundation that can withstand heavy loads. Experts unanimously assure that this is the best floor option in terms of safety and reliability. On such a base, you can lay floorboards or plywood, OSB or chipboard boards, even Knauf superfloor.
Horizontal check
When it comes to the floor base, many try not to avoid expenses, knowing that the quality of living largely depends on the quality of the floor. Usually, the floor on the logs along the supports is built, on the contrary, in the event that someone suddenly wanted to save money. In any case, this option seems to be so. But this is an imaginary economy, because the floor on the load-bearing beams, firstly, is built faster, and, secondly, it will be even cheaper in cost. Although the beams themselves are not cheap. So what's the savings? The fact that there are so many stages of erecting a floor by columns, and they use such a large amount of building materials, that there is no benefit from this.
Let's take everything in order. How is it going? First of all, the soft soil layer is removed from the soil. This usually results in a foundation pit up to half a meter deep. Then a zero level is selected and set, according to which the floor itself will be built. Its height is usually just above the base of the foundation. Then the location of the supports is determined.
What does it depend on?
For example, if the thickness of the floorboard, which will be used as a planking, is 25-40 millimeters in size, then the distance between the logs should fall within the range of 30-40 centimeters. If the thickness of the board is 45-50 millimeters, then the distance between the lags is 80-100 centimeters.
And what is the distance between the posts in one row, that is, along the log? This indicator will depend on the thickness of the log. The thicker it is, the greater the distance, the less support you need. As you can see, everything is interconnected, and you simply won't be able to get savings. Somewhere you win, but somewhere you lose. So choose the best option that seems right to you, but keep in mind that the thicker the board, the stronger the floor.
Insulation installation
Now for the support pillars. For their construction, you can use various Construction Materials... It can be a brick, a metal profile - a pipe, a corner, etc., reinforced concrete pillar, filled with your own hands exactly in place, or a stone.
Attention! Regardless of what material the supports are built from, it is necessary that their upper planes be flat and in the same horizontal.
The process of constructing pillars must begin with the construction of the foundation for them. Here, free-standing foundations are used for each support. Therefore, you will have to dig out small pits 40x40 or 50x50 cm in size and up to 30 centimeters deep, which are poured with concrete mortar with a reinforcing frame made of metal wire. If you decide to build concrete pillars, then you must immediately install the frame under the pillar, connecting it to the foundation mesh.
Let's start with the concrete pillars. After the foundation is well dry - usually it takes 28 days - you can install plank formwork around the reinforcing metal frame. 3-4 tied pieces are quite enough. After that, a concrete solution is poured into the formwork, made according to a standard recipe. After seven days, the formwork can be removed. And the pillars can be loaded only after 28 days, when the concrete takes on its branded strength.
You may have noticed that this option is very long-term, which is why many builders give their preference to brick posts. For them, the foundation is necessarily poured on which the roll waterproofing material is laid. Now the column itself rises. If there are many of them, then the laying is made in one brick, and if there are few, then in two or one and a half. Again, everything depends on the distance between the posts. A prerequisite is waterproofing the surface of each support.
Floor arrangement diagram
This lagged structure rests on the edges on the base of the foundation and on intermediate support posts. It is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve one hundred percent coincidence of the surfaces of the basement and supports in the same plane, so you will have to set lags along the horizon. See the previous section of the article - the technology is the same.
A few words about the mount. Usually, in this design, the logs are attached to the posts with anchors or metal corners. In the second option, you will have to use two types of fasteners:
For those city dwellers who decided to make a wooden floor in their apartment, we also recommend a lag system. It can be safely laid on a concrete floor, the main thing is that it is strong and even. Although it is possible to keep silent about evenness, because such a wooden system can hide quite large differences. But a screed is usually poured onto a concrete floor slab, and it itself already creates a flat surface. So there shouldn't be any problems in this regard.
So, how are logs installed on concrete, or rather, how they are attached. There are three options:
Laying boards
With through fastening everything is quite simple, here it is important to set the logs and make holes in the floor for fasteners, so a puncher will definitely come in handy here. The bosses are a little more difficult, because you will first have to install the bosses themselves, fix them to the floor and only then install the logs. By the way, the support rails are a kind of mechanism that simplifies the process of setting the lag in the plane. The exposed beams are attached to the bosses with self-tapping screws - do not forget to install shims under them.
Installing a lag using leveling mechanisms is one of the most simple ways structures of a lag structure. Manufacturers are currently offering various variations execution of leveling mechanisms, which can be made of metal or durable plastic. This design is based on a bolted connection, it can be a hairpin or the bolt itself. It is important that the mechanism can withstand sufficiently heavy loads. The mechanism itself is attached to the concrete base with anchors, but the lag is bolted to it.
Floor device
Floor on logs is the only high-quality solution for arranging wooden flooring. But this is not a very simple process. It is associated with a fairly large number of materials and stages. But, according to the masters, you can cope with it if you strictly follow the technological norms and requirements. It is important here to choose correctly one of the three options that we have offered you. And you can find all the nuances of the structure on our website in separate articles.
Related publications
A variety of methods and materials can be used for flooring. Floors on logs are considered popular, which can be arranged on any basis, including for floors on the ground. The main structural element is wooden logs, they are stacked in a certain order. A heat insulator is mounted between the lags, communications can be laid. Then a rough sheathing is sewn on top. Usually plywood, chipboard, OSB, ordinary wooden boards are used, which often act as flooring.
The installation of a lag for the floor can be carried out by various methods, it all depends on the need to level the surface, on other installation conditions. When laying, it is necessary to follow exactly all the steps; the wood will first have to be treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant in order to provide protection from insects and fire.
The floor on logs has certain advantages over other structures. It turns out to be not only durable, but also warm. Such a floor allows you to level the surface, arrange a high-quality flooring for subgrade in private houses. Among the advantages it should be noted:
Lags exert the most minimal load on the foundation.
During installation, you need to correctly determine in which direction the logs will stand. There are rules for installing a sub-floor log. Finishing flooring is always parallel to natural light, and the joists should go in the opposite direction. This should be foreseen in advance so that you don't have to fix everything later.
If the laying of the floor is planned for rooms with a high intensity of passage, then the logs must be laid in the direction of travel in order to strengthen the structure, to prevent it from loosening. It is important to immediately foresee how the floorboards will go, how the sheathing boards will go if plywood is used. All fasteners of the finished floor must fall on the logs themselves, so that the flooring turns out to be durable.
Various methods can be used to secure the joists to the base. Previously, nails of the required size were used for this, but this method is not the best and most durable, such fasteners quickly fail. Today optimal method is the use of galvanized metal corners and dowels.
Lag fastening instructions:
Instead of corners, you can use a special mount in the form of a U-shaped part. It provides a strong hold, especially if the bars have to be extended. This method is applicable for large rooms where additional fasteners are required.
The joints themselves for the lag can be arranged in this way:
If it is necessary to strengthen the docking, nails are used, they are stitched into the fastener place.
Additionally, you can use pieces of lumber, which can have a length of about 1 m.If the beams are mounted staggered, then a step of 50 cm or more must be observed between the connection points.
Installing floors on logs is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. They differ the simplest design, they can be made for an apartment, a private house, a country cottage. Unlike concrete pouring, the weight of such a structure is less, but the floor is in no way inferior in strength.
To install lags, you need to follow a fairly simple instruction:
If the floor is not so even, then its height can be easily adjusted with lags. For this, special fasteners are used that can withstand a significant load, up to about 5 tons for each 1 m². The adjusting elements can be made of metal or special plastic. These are threaded elements that can be adjusted to the required height. Lags are attached to such elements, the required height is set. The markings of the floor and walls are preliminarily carried out, which determines the level of the finishing coating.
Dowels are used for the concrete floor, and self-tapping screws for the wooden floor that can withstand the necessary loads. After that, all surplus is cut off. The logs are fixed at the required height, if required, then the heat insulator is filled in so that the floor is more comfortable and the microclimate is more pleasant. Plywood or chipboard is laid on top, after which you can proceed with the installation of the floor covering.
The log floors are durable and reliable design to flatten the surface. It is not difficult to make such a floor with your own hands, there are many options, among which you can choose the right one. For work, only boards for the manufacture of logs, a heat insulator and sheets of plywood or chipboard for finishing are needed.
There are several basic tasks to accomplish regarding a flat and solid floor laid on joists. This is the exact setting of the lags in one horizontal plane, their reliable attachment to the base, treatment with protective compounds, plus waterproofing of the entire structure. Before you align the logs under the wooden floor, you must choose the right cross-section. Because this indicator affects precisely the reliability and strength of the entire structure. If the house is being renovated, and the logs have already been installed, then it is recommended to open the floors and check the beams for their quality condition. If necessary, some of them are replaced with new ones.
The appearance on the market of new floor coverings which required very Smooth surface, supplanted the technology of construction of floors on logs. They were replaced by screeds filled with cement-based solutions. This simplified the process of leveling the base for finishing, but this technology also had several disadvantages. One of them - you had to wait a long time for the screed to dry out. And this could take several days.
Modern technologies for the production of lumber have returned the method of constructing a floor on logs due to the correct geometry of the products produced, due to the use of dry wood. They were helped by protective impregnations, which penetrated into the wood, increasing its service life and preventing deformation under loads. Manufacturers, due to new technologies, began to produce improved inexpensive materials for flooring on logs. This is not only plywood, I would like to mention OSB boards. With the help of durable and even sheet and panel materials it became possible to lay laminate, linoleum, ceramic tiles on the floor along the logs.
We must pay tribute to the fact that wood construction became fashionable again. Increasingly, customers give their preference to construction wooden houses... And in such houses, wooden floors look harmonious. Although logs for floor construction are used not only in wooden structures. Today they are also used in city apartments, especially on the first floor, when the task is to insulate the floors.
But this design also has its drawbacks.
If we are talking about installing a lag in a city apartment, then there is only one option for location and alignment - this is laying along concrete slab floors, which are poured from above with a concrete screed. In principle, a fairly flat surface is obtained, but there is still a long way to go about one hundred percent evenness. Therefore, the lags in the apartment will still have to be leveled.
In homes, floors are constructed in three ways:
First of all, you need to determine the highest place on the floor. Usually this is either the corner of the room, or one of the edges against the wall. Therefore, we measure the height of the ceiling in each corner of the room. Smallest size- this is the necessary place. Now, from this corner to the others, a liquid building level extends from a transparent PVC tube, which is filled with water, and an air bubble is left inside. If the bubble rises to the indicated corner when setting the level, then the assumptions were confirmed - this corner of the room is the highest. The same can be done with the middle of the floor edges that mate with the wall surfaces.
Now you need to install one more lag element at the opposite wall and align it horizontally and in the same plane with the already installed one. Depending on the width of the room, you can use either a flat wooden lath or a long two-meter rule for this. One end of them is installed over the laid log in the corner of the room. You can start from either end. The rule is set horizontally, which will show an air bubble. A lag is laid under its free end, at the end of which lining is placed. The same is done with the other end. Then the lag is attached to the floor.
So, two logs are installed and secured against opposite walls. Now between them you need to stretch several threads (4-5 lines), which will indicate a horizontal plane. The threads are attached at the top ends with nailed nails. Now intermediate lags are installed along the threads, under which pieces of plywood or wood are placed. The main requirement is that the threads should touch the upper ends of the log.
Manufacturers today offer adjustable designs with which you can easily set the lags. These are metal or plastic devices that are attached to the floor with dowels or anchors. Bars are installed on them, which can be raised or lowered using a threaded connection. Using this alignment option, you can avoid complex measuring operations to determine the highest point on the floor.
Instead of adjustable structures, you can use conventional anchors, which are screwed into the concrete base of the floor at one end. A nut is screwed onto them, a wide washer is installed on top. A lag is put on, on top of which a wide washer is installed and a nut is screwed on. In fact, it is still the same adjustable device.
The operation of aligning the lag along the foundation and along the beams is carried out in the same way. But there are also differences.
Usually the logs with their ends rest on the foundation, which is the basis for the floor. It is always not filled evenly, so the lags have to be set in the same plane along the horizon. Everything is done here in almost the same way as in the apartment.
If the distance between the edges of the foundation is large, then support posts are built between them, on which the beams rest. The main requirement for the construction of supports is to accurately adjust them in height so that the logs lay on them tightly. If this cannot be done as accurately as possible, then lining is placed under the bars.
The construction of the floor on the load-bearing beams is considered to be very reliable. Large cross-section beams or logs are installed on the foundation or floor, on which the logs are mounted. There are two options for leveling the floor structure.
It is more difficult to align with logs, because this lumber is not even in cross-sectional geometry along its entire length. Therefore, the craftsmen try to process the upper and lower plane with a plane in order to give it the appearance of a plane. In this regard, it is better to use a timber, because it is a rectangular material that manufacturers today produce with precise geometry.
The alignment of the lag along the beams is carried out in the same way. This option is easier in the sense that it will not be necessary to lift heavy logs and beams in order to place plates under them. First, the joists are installed across the beams. That is, the logs are mounted on a large number of supports. Secondly, the beams themselves are a reliable and solid foundation. Therefore, choosing the section of the lag, you can stop at the beams of a small section, such as are used for the construction of the floor in apartments.
The alignment process itself is carried out in the same way as in an apartment. With only one digression - the logs can be attached to the beams either directly with self-tapping screws, since both elements are wooden, or with the help of metal corners. The rest of the installation technology is the same.
Wooden floors for the bathhouse have been used since ancient times. And today, despite the presence of a large number of new technologies, this option is rightfully considered optimal. We will consider several solutions for arranging floors, talk about the technology of their construction, advantages and "problem" sides.
Lags on the ground 
Making wooden floors 
There is only soil under the floor logs 
Logs for the floor in a log house
This means that there is nothing under the floor except the soil. The logs themselves, of course, never lay on the ground or various beddings, they need to be installed on concrete or brick posts.
Lags on brick posts 
Columns from blocks for logs
The distance between the posts is calculated taking into account the thickness of the logs, floorboards and the maximum floor load. During the construction of baths, in most cases, no one makes such exact calculations, and they are not needed. The average universal values are selected, in our case we choose the thickness of the floorboards 30 mm and the logs 50 × 100 mm.
In this variant, the distance between the lags should be within 1.5 meters, the distance between the posts under each lag should be within 1.6 ÷ 1.8 meters. A few centimeters in one direction or another do not make the weather, move the columns taking into account the specific dimensions of the room.
The main thing is that the columns should be evenly spaced over the entire area.
Lag step depending on the thickness of the floorboards 
Lag dimensions at a step of 70 centimeters
Step 1. Take measurements of the room, decide on the floor level. Construction documentation has its own characteristics. One of them is that the zero mark does not touch the ground, as some people think, but the floor level. Everything that is above the floor is indicated with a "+" sign in the drawings, everything that is below the floor is indicated with a "-" sign. This means that the level of the location of the lag should be indicated by -30 mm (below the thickness of the board). Another note on the documentation. Accuracy in millimeters is indicated in mechanical engineering, in construction, dimensions in most cases are indicated in centimeters. We will gradually move on to standard designations for the dimensions of building objects, for now we use the usual, but not entirely correct designations.
Support posts for logs on the ground - diagram 
Construction of wooden floors by columns
Step 2. Taking into account the distances, pre-calculate the location of the posts and their number. The depth of the posts is approximately 20-25 centimeters.
Mark the posts. On the opposite walls of the room, using a laser or hydro level, beat off the zero mark (the level of the upper surface of the floorboards). He subtract it 30 millimeters (thickness of the boards) and 100 mm (thickness of the log). The level of the upper surface of the post is -13 centimeters. On the walls of the bath, make another mark at this height.
Dig small square holes of this size along the rope at the required distances; it is enough to make the depth of the holes in one bayonet of the shovel. Level the bottom, remove the crumbling earth.
It is highly advisable to fill in a sand cushion with a thickness of 10 ÷ 15 centimeters to compensate for the swelling of the soil during freezing / thawing. Pour a layer of sand at the bottom of each hole and tamp it. There is a desire to fill holes - make a concrete solution in proportions of 1 part of cement, 2 parts of sand and 3 parts of rubble. Make sure the surface is level and level when pouring.
Step 3. Collect all materials. For posts, there are several options: pour concrete in the ground or use concrete blocks. Above the ground, you can use red bricks or blocks, between concrete base and it is imperative to make waterproofing with a brick with roofing material. Take better brick, its small size makes it easier to work on the output of the columns to one level of the horizon. Blocks have to be cut, it takes a long time, the cut turns out to be uneven.
Support post made of brick - appearance
Step 4. Making columns. We make the sizes of the posts for a brick, the standard length of bricks is 25 centimeters, we take two bricks. This means that the side of the square of the post will be 25 centimeters.
Do you have multiple concrete blocks in stock? Great, the work will go faster and easier, lay out the columns from them.
The concrete is frozen - you can lay bricks. The thickness of a standard brick is only 6.5 centimeters, such dimensions will allow, by changing the thickness of the mortar, to accurately set the surface of the posts to the required height. You need to pull on new ropes, pull them according to the height marks of the posts. Check the position of the bricks with a level, the posts should be in an upright position. Using a cement-sand mortar, precisely match the surfaces of all posts along the string.
Step 5. Lags are laid on roofing material, it is better to lay two layers of waterproofing.
The length of the lag should be 3 ÷ 4 centimeters shorter than the length of the room, this is necessary to compensate for the expansion of the tree. The logs must be fixed to the walls in a sliding way in order to prevent them from tipping over to the side, but allow them to move slightly in the longitudinal direction. It is better to do this using factory standard metal connections, such are used during the arrangement of a floating rafter system... If it is not possible to purchase such connections - no problem, make them yourself. To do this, on one side of the metal corner, the holes must be made oblong. This side will be attached to the logs with self-tapping screws, do not tighten the self-tapping screws with great effort, the log should be able to slide. The second side of the metal corner is fixed to the bath wall.
First, you need to fix two opposite logs, pull the ropes between them and put all the rest on it. If there are problems with the level, use different pads. A height spread of up to two millimeters can be tolerated, these irregularities are eliminated during the finishing of the flooring.
Step 6. Plank flooring. Check the quality of the boards, it is better not to use materials with visible signs of defects. If the boards, as a result of a violation of production technology, have a curved side surface, you need to purchase ready-made or make your own special devices for tightening them.
For this purpose, ordinary metal staples and wooden wedges can be used. Prepare several wedges at once with different angle slope. Metal staples are driven into the logs, an unnecessary board is placed between them, and wedges are driven in between the floorboard and it. The driving force should ensure leveling of the surfaces. The boards are fixed to the logs in this clamped position, after driving in all the nails, the wedges are removed and a new floorboard is inserted.
Bowrench - floor plank pulling tool 
Do not forget to leave a gap of 1 ÷ 2 centimeters near the wall to compensate for linear expansion, the gap is then closed with a plinth. For flooring, you can use both ordinary and grooved boards. If all operations have been performed correctly and the boards have no deviations in thickness, the floor is ready for finishing painting or varnishing. If there is a noticeable difference in the height of individual boards, then they will have to be leveled with a special manual jointer.
To improve the quality of the coating, the floor surface can be sanded.
Step 7. Nail the baseboards around the perimeter of the room - the floor is ready to use.
Fastening wooden skirting boards
There are two more nuances in the arrangement of floors in the steam room. The technology of flooring boards changes slightly, taking into account how the water will drain. If by gravity in the cracks, do not pull the boards tightly, leave a gap of several millimeters between them.
If water goes into the drainage system, you need to make a hole. The best option is to have an electric jigsaw. Drill a "starting" hole in the board with a drill, insert a jigsaw blade into it and carefully cut a hole of the required size. No jigsaw - use a chisel and chisel. The work gets a little more complicated, but that's okay. Small irregularities of the holes made in this way will be covered with a decorative drain grate.
A more complex and expensive option for arranging floors. Lags are placed on a level concrete screed, the floors can withstand significant loads.
Step 1. Mark the floor level, put marks on the wall. You need to mark both the position of the lag and the position of each layer of the cement base.
Step 2. Level the surface of the soil, remove the top fertile layer. On the ground, you need to pour a base of sand or gravel, tamp the base with special vibration mechanisms or manually.
Sand pad compaction example
Step 3. Prepare a concrete solution. During the manufacture of concrete, we recommend giving two parts of sand and three parts of crushed stone for one part of cement. This concrete recipe can be considered universal, it is suitable for the manufacture of most architectural structures of buildings using concrete.
Step 4. Fill the concrete base. You need to fill in the lighthouses.
For beacons, you can use purchased metal or ordinary wooden slats. Reiki need not be pulled out of the solution, they do not affect the final performance characteristics... Check the plane of the concrete with a level. If there are significant deviations, make a screed with a cement-sand mortar on top. Do the screed in accordance with all the rules, do not allow irregularities and deviations horizontally.
cement-sand mixture
Step 5. Between the concrete base and wooden logs install waterproofing.
If you do not plan to insulate the floor, then as a lag, you can take bars of 30 × 50 mm and lay them flat. Big square the lag stop completely excludes their deflections, and the thickness is sufficient for firm fixation of the boards. Dina lag must take into account linear expansion due to changes in the relative humidity of wooden structures.
Step 6. Boards are laid in the same way as we described above using the example of their laying on logs along the ground.
In cases of construction of baths, this method of flooring is rarely used. Such floors can only be made in a recreation room, for a steam room or shower method is not suitable. The plywood is covered with laminate or soft flooring. The thickness of the plywood is determined by the total loads, but in any case, it should be more than one centimeter. Depending on the thickness of the plywood, the lag step is adjusted. Experienced builders advise lags to mount them at a distance of no more than 50 centimeters.
Plywood must be moisture resistant, ordinary cheap varieties are unsuitable.
Important. When marking the placement of the lag, it is tedious to take into account the dimensions of the plywood sheets.
The fact is that under all joints there must be lags. It is better to pre-draw on paper a diagram of the arrangement of plywood sheets; during the calculations, both longitudinal and transverse joints should be taken into account. You can fix the plywood to the logs with carnations or self-tapping screws.
And, in addition, it has good heat-shielding characteristics, which makes it possible not to use additional insulation for floors. Do not forget to glue the joints of the sheets of technical cork with tape. Otherwise, during the production of work, they will be displaced, which complicates the installation of the laminate and makes the work more "nervous".
plywood sheets
Insulation of the floor along the logs - scheme 
For warming pilaf, you can use two types of insulation. None of them are ideal option... Why?
Let's start with mineral wool.
According to many performance indicators, it has high characteristics: it keeps heat well, it is easy to work with it, the heat-insulating layer has no cracks. But cotton also has a drawback - the material quickly absorbs moisture and gives it away for a very long time. Prolonged exposure of wooden elements in direct contact with damp cotton wool significantly accelerates the appearance of rot and fungi. Wooden structures need to be impregnated with antiseptics, use mechanical methods of steam and hydro protection. Such construction activities are quite expensive.
The second insulation is foam plates.
This material does not absorb moisture. The fact that it has comments on environmental friendliness is not critical for the premises in the bath, no one is going to live in them. Foam plastic is not "ruined" by environmental friendliness and physical indicators, it is "ruined" by rodents.
None of the manufacturers warns that mice really like this material for unknown reasons, they gnaw it with great pleasure and with great speed. Get rid of rodents completely on summer cottage nobody has succeeded yet. We hope that this information will help you make the best decision when choosing a floor insulation material.
You can take both rolled and pressed material. The only remark is that if you take pressed mineral wool, then the dimensions of the sheets should be taken into account when placing the lag.
Nail thin slats or bars to the side planes of the lag, the subfloor will lie on them. For its manufacture, you can take unedged boards, pieces of lumber, the remains of plywood or OSB sheets. Mineral wool must be reliably protected from moisture penetration from below, the ground under the bath will always have high humidity values.
For vapor protection, you can take any of the existing materials, all of them have excellent performance characteristics.
Lay the mineral wool on the subfloor carefully, do not leave gaps or gaps. The thickness of the mineral wool cannot be greater than the height of the log.
The upper surface of the insulation must be covered with waterproofing and only after that start to deal with the finishing flooring.
One of the options for floor insulation. The film is fastened with staples over basalt mineral wool
If there is an opportunity to replace mineral wool with glass wool - immediately use this chance. Glass wool is much cheaper than the "branded" material, and in terms of its physical and operational properties is in no way inferior to her.
Glass wool - insulating material 
One of the disadvantages of glass wool is considered to be its "prickly". This is not a problem, work in working canvas gloves and nothing will "bite" you. For your information - fashionable mineral wool is made from rock basalt, and this is the same glass, only with different impurities. Mineral wool does not "bite" only because the diameter of the glass fibers is much smaller, they break very easily and cannot damage the skin. But there is much more fine glass dust from it, and this is harmful to the lungs.
mineral wool
In this version, the work is slightly simplified and cheaper. The subfloor is made in the same way as in the case of insulation mineral wool... But steam and water protection can be omitted, this can significantly reduce the cost of work. The problem with rodents will have to be solved independently. Some suggest laying a galvanized metal mesh with small cells on the subfloor, while others will gorge themselves that the rodents will not spoil all the foam. How to proceed - you will have to decide for yourself.
Styrofoam is perfectly cut with a special carpenter's knife. Make the sheets a few millimeters larger when trimming. The sheet will be easily compressed, due to this, the density of adherence to the lags will significantly increase. With the correct cutting, the amount of unproductive waste material is reduced, the work is done faster and better.
Styrofoam
Schemes engineering networks you should have before starting the construction of floors, they must be taken into account when marking the locations of the logs and laying insulation. Let's give a few practical advice for the installation of engineering communications.
Underfloor communications
During the installation of sewer pipelines, it is better to stock up on throughput, to play it safe against clogging. The path of the pipes will be of a larger diameter, let their total length increase slightly. The main thing is to have confidence in the long-term and reliable operation of the entire system.
