We all remember the well-known fairy tale about three piglets, in which poor NiF-Nif and NUF-NUF, which preferred a strong brick structure from straw and branches, ridicule. Meanwhile, in the homeland of these threeth piglets, in the old Good England, as well as, in Germany, the United States and dozens of other countries are actively built at home from straw. To date, one of the most economical, environmentally friendly and reliable building materials. So what is the case, why are we still building from concrete, bricks and a bar? Let's try to debunk the several most common myths and fears related to the construction of housing from straw blocks ...
The best proof of reliability is the durability of existing buildings from straw blocks. The oldest of them, in the state of Nebraska, about a hundred years, and they are still in excellent condition. But in order to dispel doubts about incredulous, it should probably turn to the results of experiments. The Canadian Financial and Construction Corporation specially conducted a series of tests to find out the degree of reliability of straw houses. For a demonstration experiment, a wall of straw blocks with a height of 2.44 m and a length of 3.66 m, coated with plaster was constructed. This wall sustained without visible signs of destruction. vertical pressure 8 thousand kg and lateral in 325 kg, which fully meets all building requirements.
Experts appreciated that these numbers correspond to the following loads:
Payload - 220 kg / m2. Snow loads - 293 kg / m2. Winds load - 78 kg / m2. Permanent loads - 234 kg / m2. The results of experiments show that this construction technique fully deserves confidence. Straw houses could serve a good service in seismically active regions. An example of this house in Wyoming, who absolutely not suffered from the jokes, while the neighboring buildings were damaged.
The issue of the safety of structures from straw blocks in the fire relationship usually always arises from those who first hear about similar technique Construction. And this is a completely natural question, because everyone knows how the straw is burning. Paper also burns great, but try to set up a thick book. This is a rather time consuming. The straw unit, provided that the straw is sufficiently compressed, in many respects it reminds such a book. Especially one should not forget that the straw structures are always covered with a thick layer of plaster, which largely reduces the risk of fire. If you rely on comparative characteristicsT. straw houses far exceed in fire plan wooden designs (log cabins, skew houses, etc.).
High fire safety confirmed by official tests. The design of the plastered straw wall was officially tested in the United States and Germany and attributed to the F119 fire resistance class. The metal farm, for example, refers to the Fire resistance class F15, i.e. loses the carrying capacity after 15 minutes under the influence of fire. The Canadian National Research Council conducted special tests for plastered straw blocks. The results of the experiments showed that they, in their fire charts, exceeds other generally accepted building materials. The stucco coated straw unit was heated for 4 hours. During all this time, its temperature was only twice rising to 43 ° C, which fully meets all the requirements. The plastered surface withstood the heating to 100 ° C for 2 hours without any traces of cracks.
Here is an excerpt from the report on the results of these experiments: "The wall made of plastered straw blocks is extremely resistant to ignition. The straw blocks contain inside itself enough air in order to provide good thermal insulating qualities, but at the same time, thanks to the press, they do not contain enough air for fire. " However, straw homes can burn like any other, and special attention must first be given to the electrical wiring device. The best strategy is to lay sufficient thick wiring, as well as the use of metal or plastic tubular insulators. The fire usually spreads from top to bottom from the roof or attic, so in the design of the house it is necessary to include a fire barrier, stacked on the top wall plane. Such a barrier can serve as a layer of clay plaster.
People who had to disassemble the vintage buildings where the insulation served the usual rye straw, was surprised in excellent preservation of it for 100-150 years. Very often, people worry about the fact that straw houses can become a shelter for all sorts of pests. As an example, skids squealed with mice and other soul-free examples are given. Experience shows that such fears are unfounded. Straw in blocks is subjected to a presses that does not leave rodents of special chances of a housewarming. In addition, the thick layer of plaster is quite good protection against all types of pests, including the smallest - insects. If we compare the straw houses with other generally accepted buildings, then the wicked frame houses represent more interest for unwanted guests due to the space between the walls. A clear confirmation of the ones may be served by a straw house in Massausssettes, who stood without plaster for several years, without feeding any signs that rodents began there. However, in order to be completely calm, it is necessary to keep in mind the following. The straw should be sufficiently compressed, which can be checked, based on the ratio of the size of the blocks to the weight.
Straw has a thermal conductivity of 7 times lower than the brick, and 4 times lower than the tree. Accordingly, the volumes of fuel required to warm out the room are reduced at the same time. The straw house is powerful; Fencing structures have a heat transfer coefficient of at least 8 (modern slopes require 2.5).
Energy Indicators: Energy reduction is ensured during construction at least 300 times compared with brick and gas-silicate enclosing structures with modern insulation per 1 m2 of the total area.
The coefficients of the thermal conductivity of the enclosing structures: the thermal conductivity indicator of the straw wall - 0.12 w / m2k, which is comparable to such indicators as: the tree is 0.5 W / m2k, the brick is 0.5-1.5 W / m2k. The need for heating is less than 40 kW * h / m2 per year.
Straw blocks are an excellent heat insulator. Another first settlers in Nebraska, who first applied this construction technique, noted that in the winter in such a house there is extremely warmth. Specially measured the temperature inside the house when 20-degree frosts were hit. The thermometer showed 18 degrees of heat, and the oven did not work at that time. In addition, in the summer, in the straw house is always cooler, rather than outside, regardless of heat. All these qualities make them unusually pleasant for the inhabitants. It must be taken into account and directly benefit. Many of them are those who live in straw houses, note that their heating costs are always two times less than that of the neighbors who live in ordinary homes.
We often began to handle people interested in straw houses. Here is one of the letters.
"My name is Kovalev Mikhail Konstantinovich, I want to build a house in the Crimea. The choice to go to the straw house. I wanted to know from you, like people who deal with this kind of houses. What are the pros and cons of the straw houses?"
We turned over the answer to the architect and designer Konstantin Bulkov, who designed many straw houses in Ukraine and abroad.
ansambl.dp.ua.
1. Construction and operation of the eco-friendly straw house - "pros and cons".
Suitable most reasonable typical projects, the best results on the use and construction of individual projects designed under a specific customer, architects specializing in frames and eco-leaves.
You can build in the climatic zone from the equator to the extreme northern dots where the cereals are sown. In the warmth climate, it is protection against heat, cold - from the cold.
During construction, one of the most energy-saving construction technologies, minimal emissions of CO with the preparation of raw materials, construction, operation and disposal of the server. More eco-friendly only clay houses.
One of the most positively influencing technologies on the tenants of the house can easily compete according to the biopoosive with fires. The microclimate of the house is always friendly and has a beneficial effect on health psychological and physical. It is very suitable for allergic, asthmatic and people with other diseases of the respiratory system.
Building:
1. Less costs for the foundation, the soils may even be the weakest possible, without excessive recalculation of their fixing.
2. Technology can be frame and frameless. With a frame, first the frame is built, the roof is arranged, after which the straw bales are laid, and plastering with clay plaster. With a frameless, as a rule, large bales are used, but a lot of usual, the volume is very quickly built, after the roof is placed.
3. When complying with high energy saving performance.
4. 99% of straw objects can be built without the use of heavy machinery.
5. With a self-service, a very seductive price tag.
6. The technology saves the forest (or it consumes it very much) and in fact it is the construction of agricultural waste that is laying.
Disadvantages:
1. Fire hazard at the construction stage.
2. The presence of a field with rye or wheat in 25 km radius from the construction site.
3. Many plaster works based on clay, cement cannot be applied, but can be based on lime.
4. There are difficulties with commissioning, but they are a particularly large barrier.
5. High cost hand work, low mechanization of the process.
1. My opinion:
In the near future, the houses will receive environmental certificates and certificates for energy saving, the higher the class assigned to the house, the greater value on the market it can use, the less its operating costs. Houses from natural materials and, in particular, straw can receive the highest ratings. The straw house is a house that are thinking of successful people about their health, about the safety of the environment, about the future of our planet. Straw houses build those who think about their environmental trail, about a pleasant and unhurried life, about the time that the customer spends in his home with his family.
2. Theoretically noticeable and theoretically at times.
I do not know the research of institutions and scientific work In this direction, which would be outlined in Russian. There are no reliable data on which you can rely on and say unequivocally. The heat transfer resistance of the straw wall is equal to 8-10W \\ m 2 * degrees instead of the required SNOP 3W \\ m 2 * hail (for Kiev).
3. Those who intend to build an extract, I recommend to do this:
a) Develop individual projectcorresponding to the lifestyle and philosophy of the family that will live in this house.
b) Order a house from the straw panels from the enterprise, on this specializing in. The house will gather quickly and it will not be much worse than if you fold into the frame manually. If a person has a high energy efficiency requirement, the house must be folded from bales manually.
c) use achievements modern technologies In the autonomization of the house. Insert the heating system of heat pumps, and not gas heating or TT with a boiler.
4. It is worth understanding that this is not a concrete building and he has nuances in design and operation.
A competent project solves all possible problems In operation. The oldest house of straw over 150 years old. Compliance with the construction technology of the straw house ensures reliability and durability of the operation of such technologies. The straw house is not only an extract from natural materials, this is an eco-friendly lifestyle.
For the design of straw houses, please contact Konstantin Bulkov
www.ansambl.dp.ua.
A special fashion today, in Europe and America, use houses from straw, and even with a straw roof. Paradox, we are considered to be a rural house, immortal, there is a sign of straw, only wealthy people can afford it. Why are these topics of Europeans and Americans? Live in concrete boxes, in megalopolis, pleasure is not enough, therefore and the city inhabitants per city are moved. AND the best decision Housing, from their point of view, this is a cottage from straw. Wooden frame Filled with straw blocks, yes, it is still the same roof of straw is environmentally friendly and comfortable. What do you need for building such a house? Straw, or rather blocks of pressed straw, board and a bar for a frame, not necessarily new, but should be in excellent condition. All these materials can be bought quite cheap. The straw walls outside and inside can be deceived by clay (which can be just skipped) the roof, if not to be scrupted, can also be made of straw or reassembly, which can also be considered a peak of ecological fashion. Who do not like can cover and modern materials. In essence, the straw houses go close to the sacred, in terms of environmental friendliness, prices and comfort, but less durable. However, if not be lazy, it is quite possible, once every 25-30 years, straw walls can be disassembled and the old blocks change to new ones. There will be another reason for housewarming and redevelopment. Such houses beautifulEspecially for generic places.
What causes interest in straw houses? What advantages do they give? Is it dangerous to live in a house built from straw?
Rising prices, reduced wood availability, environmental impairment and the most consuming consumer interest to an environmentally friendly environment forces new ways and materials for the construction of individual houses. In this context of straw deserves attention as a renewable resource, which is obtained on a regular basis, as a by-product of grain production. Straw is available in most areas, which reduces construction transportation costs, especially since the statistics of developed countries more than 50 percent of all greenhouse gases produced in the construction industry are transported to it.
Despite the fact that the straw is cheaper than such building materials as a brick or wood, the construction of a straw house is usually worth the same as ordinary houses, because the cost of the wall is only from 10 to 15 percent of the total cost of the building.
Nevertheless, you can save on construction by building a house from straw with your own hands, but it is important to understand what you can do on your own, and where you may need help contractor.
Real savings of the straw house lies in its energy efficiency. The plastered straw house provides incredible isolation, it can save up to 75 percent of the means on heating and cooling the house, and this is a huge savings. Walls made of straw provide excellent sound insulation.
Another question is the fire safety of the straw house. It would seem, at home from straw represent a huge danger in this regard, however, they are about three times more fire-resistant ordinary homes. Unpressing straw is really fuel, but bales of straw, of which the house is built, have such a density that they actually increase the resistance of fire. In tightly packaged bales there is no oxygen, which reduces the probability of combustion. Stucco wall adds additional fire-resistant protection. The National Research Center of Canada conducted testing, where the walls made of bales of straw withstood temperatures up to 1010 degrees Celsius for two hours.
Bales for the construction of the house must be made of straw, and not hay. The hay contains a sheet material that eating animals, while straw is not a source of food. Tightly packaged straw, in combination with properly used seals, it makes it difficult to penetrate rodents into the walls of the house. Even if they do it, they have nothing to eat there. Ordinary homes, with their cracks in the walls, are more attractive for rodents.
Straw is naturally breathable material, which in comparison with modern construction materials do not contain formaldehydes and other chemicals.
The main threat to the house of the straw is moisture, but this problem is characteristic of many houses. We learn how to solve this problem in the subsequent sections.
The house of straw is not just laying of bales of straw. The house should be designed so that nature itself contributes to the effectiveness of the house. Before construction, it is necessary to figure out the wind rose, is there water nearby, where will excessive rainwater leave? Think about how trees and shrubs will help create natural obstacles to wind. These factors will determine how it is better to orient the house.
There are two main ways to build a straw house.
The first method is a frame. Frame houses from a tree that supports the roof, straw is used as an insulation.
The second method - bales of straws are carriers. In this case, the method is not used frame, bales themselves support the roof. The width and density of the bale provide a sufficient fortress, and in the case of a cramped budget, the second method is preferable because it requires less construction skills and uses less resources. However, with the method of construction there are significant restrictions in the design and size of the house. The frameless house can only be one-storey, the length of its walls in any direction should not exceed 8 meters, the area of \u200b\u200bwindows and doors should not exceed 50 percent of the surface of the wall surface.
As soon as you have decided on the method of building a straw house, you need to decide on the design of the house, the choice of which is not different from the choice of an ordinary home. For a home from a backed straw can be used by any kind of foundation or roof, and it is built according to the principle frame houseBetween the racks of which bales of straw are stacked.
However, with any type of foundation, bales should be raised above the ground for several centimeters, so they will not absorb moisture from the ground. This can be achieved by building a platform from bars around the perimeter of the foundation that are attached to concrete foundation With a filling of gravel.
After laying bales of straw, plaster walls are produced - cement mortar On the outside of the buildings, and plaster or lime mortar inside the house. The first layer of plaster must be applied directly on the straw plaster grid, with the subsequent application of two more layers of plaster. Waterproofing material on the walls of straw is not used. Moisture will go naturally through the stucco. When painting the walls you need to use "breathable" paints.
The proper use of plaster and paint will help that moisture does not affect the straw.
As already mentioned in this article, the moisture is the greatest problem of the house of straw, it causes a mold that leads to rotting.
Therefore, precautions must be taken from the moment of buying bales of straw. Store bales with straw is needed outdoors, clusted with a tarpaullet or film. On a rainy day, construction is not conducted, and measures are taken to protect the already erected moisture.
During the design and construction, you need to pay special attention to the removal of water from the house - drainage around the foundation, sink roofs, waterproofs, window sills.
Since the construction technologies of the straw house are not common in the world, problems may arise in the application. construction norms and rules. Therefore, perhaps you will have to work more closely with officials to get the necessary documents for construction.
Banks and insurance companies may not want to risk on financing and insurance of such experimental construction.
Photos of old straw houses are interested in interest - probably because there are few of them recently stumbled upon the next such work, if not just a photo, but an article published in the magazine with a description of the house and technology. And next to the house in its current state ... Publication date is May 1921. Magazine - "Science and Life" in our opinion. An article under the heading "Fresh in summer, warm in winter - straw houses are very economical":
Straw house - Environmentally friendly home healthy health
Straw houses? Impact immediately comes to memory unfortunate piglets from the famous English fairy tale, who made miserable attempts to acquire housing from straw. Very sad story ...
In many countries: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Slovakia, England Roofs, some other than 80-90 years ago, mainly covered with straw.
Is it really possible to use a straw as a building material?
Last year, I was convinced that the straw withstands the effects of water, snow and temperature drop, which means it is a good roofing material.
I wanted to know whether it is possible to use a straw not only as a material for roofs, but also as a material for the construction of walls of houses.
I decided to conduct a study because I was interested to know whether the "healthy" straw houses exist.
I put forward a hypothesis: if the straw is really affordable, environmentally friendly "healthy" material, then a person should be able to use it in the construction of houses.
The purpose of my work is to be convinced of the existence of "healthy" straw houses.
I compiled a plan of action:
2. Ask the teacher about what she knows about the construction of straw houses.
3. Contact the computer to the Internet for the information that interests me.
4. Research.
5. Again in front of classmates.
THE RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH:
For a long time, a person looked at nature as an inexhaustible source of necessary benefits.
All this led to the global increase in environmental pollution, a greenhouse effect - an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in an atmosphere by 25% in just 100 years, as well as to a reduction in the biological diversity of the animal and plant world.
Therefore, the idea of \u200b\u200busing agriculture waste, which is straw, as a building material is very interesting and useful.
Where and when the construction of "healthy" straw houses began? History did not save the name of the inventor of the straw house. The first documented structure is a one-room school building built in the United States in Nebraska in 1896 or 1897.
GOU SOSH № 000
Head of Research:, Teacher Nach. CL.
Home idea:
The house should please the eye, from aesthetic point of view;
The house should serve as a positive energy generator;
Each point of space lives its own life, so it is necessary to coordinate the energy of the dwelling and its environment *
The basis of creating a house and livestock should be the principle of reasonable minimization of resource consumption, mastic, good attitude towards nature.
It means:
Man, it is necessary to think: what, in this area, rationally use materials and technologies so that, as little as possible, cut out forests, pollute air and water sources;
The person must, the space of the land and dwelling site, to equip with the concept of a significant reduction in environmental "pressure" to the ground: with the cultivation of plant food, full processing of organic waste and filling the very dwelling items that will serve him constantly and for a very long time, without applying, in the process their manufacture and operation, no harm;
A person today is extremely important, abandoning the thesis: "... after us at least a flood ..." and predict the consequences, its current affairs for future generations.
The most modern "home-based" systems:
Energy-efficient house is such a house in which all energy processes are optimized, and for heating, and the hot water supply of which, quite individual, renewable energy sources: solar batteries, wind installations, etc. **.
For Russia, such houses are uncommon.
Currently, for the middle strip of Russia, power consumption for heating 400-600 kWh / m? total area. Energy efficient will be considered a house that consumes no more than 150 kWh / m?.
The energy-to-wear house or house with zero power consumption is a house that does not need heating.
In the world, such houses have already appeared.
In Russia, at present, such houses are practically possible to build on the basis of, for example, a frame-straw system. In the Novosibirsk Academgorodok, a calculation was calculated, showing that with the thickness of the outer walls 80 cm made of pressed straw, in Siberia and in the Urals, at home can not be missed, of course, provided that heat loss, through windows and entrance doorswill be minimized!
The ecological house, by definition, should fit into a harmonious natural structure, and during operation, not only, not to violate natural equilibrium, but also contribute to the restoration of the environmental situation on Earth.
What's new in the world in the construction of houses from straw?
In recent years, hundreds of straw houses have been built in the world. In America, Canada, Australia, France, Chile, Mexico, Russia, Belarus, Mongolia, and other countries.
In a number of countries, the construction of such houses has been certified, including fire certification.
As the US media says, straw houses in the XIX century built poor Americans, and in the XXI century, frame-straw houses are built in America for smart and rich.
And in order to surprise the whole world in the US, the 1st in the world is a 40-storey frame-straw skyscraper.
In the world, recently, it is believed Thip alcohol is the best insulation And one of the best building materials.
Coefficient of thermal conductivity: In the extruded block (80-100 kg density?) 0.05-0.06 4 times better than a tree. With the thickness of the outer walls of 0.4-0.5 M, the heat transfer resistance of the wall 7-9, which is 3 times higher than the Russian norm for the middle strip and the Urals and, as a rule, is enough to create a power-premissive (irregular) house.
Durability: Wooden buildings Could stand 500 or more than 1000 years, examples: Churches of the XV century Russia, VII century Japan. Straw (due to an increased 2-3 times the silica in it) is a more resistant material than a tree.
The ability to "breathe":
Straw "breathes", i.e. It makes adjusting humidity indoors, significantly better than wood and has excellent pair-protected properties, the mechanism of which is completely unclear.
Resistance to the accumulation of moisture:
According to one of the hypotheses, ice in straw is formed in the form of porous fractal structures, which does not impair its heat-shielding properties.
Resistance to moisturizing:
Due to the increased ability to evaporate non-equilibrium moisture, straw structures are completely transferred to even short floods.
(Baths and straw pools without steam-protective films).
Fire resistance:
Plaster-covered blocks withstand 2 hours of exposure to open fire;
The straw block is open only on one side does not support combustion;
Straw burning much worse than wood, and tightly compressed bales (200-300 kg density?) Do not burn!
Properly built straw houses are not damaged by fires.
Ecology:
Straw houses are more favorable for living than wooden, which is confirmed by the health studies of Chernobyl immigrants in Belarus;
Straw from ancient times is used to protect about geopathic effects, the expression "raise straw" may occur since the ancient builders of Egyptian pyramids. The opinion was expressed that straw was laid under the foundation of the pyramids;
Resistance to biological damage:
The equilibrium moisture content of straw in the wall is no more than 8%, the processes of rotting in straw and the tree begin with a humidity of more than 20%, so in the absence of straw leaks, it does not rot;
There are special techniques for the construction of straw that prevent the settlement of rodents, however, without them, with the right construction of rodents, do not represent problems in the straw houses.
The laboriousness of the construction:
Construction year-round. With a qualified manager, workers' qualifications requirements are minimal. ***
What is done in Russia?
In Russia, 800 million tons of Rye and wheat straw is formed annually in the fields. You can build 2,600,000 houses for 150 sq.m annually from straw.
In 2009, the experimental construction of a carcass and straw house is held near Moscow, the construction of a house in Volgograd is being built, in 2008 a house was built in Altai, in 2006, 2007, 2007 4 houses were built in the Urals. It is planned to deploy the construction of frame-straw houses on the lands of the Kirov region, the Chelyabinsk region and Tatarstan.
The main advantages of framework and straw houses:
- low Operation Costs Houses, carcass-straw houses, correctly erected, have power consumption below 12 kWh / m? · year, which is several times less than existing regulatory requirements;
- ecology carcass and straw houses;
- d. available construction, Currently, the carcass-straw household houses can be built at a price of 16-18 thousand rubles \\ m?, with the further development of technology and inclusion in the construction process of the house more and more natural materials The cost is significantly reduced;
In 2006, built 2 storey house In Yekaterinburg, an area of \u200b\u200b150 sq.m.
In 2007, built under the Chelyabinsk 2-storey house with an area of \u200b\u200b220 sq.m.
In 2008, a house of 50 sq.m was built in the Perm region.
In 2009 in Sverdlovsk region A house of 240 sq.m is erected, excluding an attachment and winter garden.
For several years of the construction of frame-straw houses, a certain construction method has developed.
The construction method includes the following steps:
Study of the site and the study of the surrounding space;
Design on old Russian measures, taking into account modern techniques;
Billet, mining of natural materials;
Making structures and materials;
Bookmark at home;
Home construction;
The transfer of the house is commissioned.
The study of the land plot, the surrounding space, the diagnosis of health status, the participants of the construction process and people living in the house:
The purpose of this stage is: the first - detection of a place where it is better to build a house, the second is the definition of which materials and how to build a house, the third is the establishment of the form effect, i.e. The beneficial effects, the response of the space (form) of the house on the land plot and of course on people in the field of influence of such a house.
"Form effect" was detected in the study of Egyptian pyramids. It was later established that the less bright effect of the form than the pyramids, and other geometric forms are also possessed. In other words, any form has a certain impact on the surrounding space. Much, in the mechanism of such an impact, mankind is not yet clear;
Bioclimatic, soil, geopathic, and others are studied; the characteristics of the site;
Definitions of the site before the construction of construction are removed and recorded;
In the study of the site and study of the terrain is born the idea of \u200b\u200bthe project of the house;
The health status of the construction participants is diagnosed to the beginning of the object of the construction of the facility;
The dynamics of change is diagnosed to the state of health living in the house of people, before construction, during the construction period, at the time of the housekeeping and then after 3, 6 months, 1, 2 years.
The proposed construction technique will allow to establish the fact of harmonious influence, correctly built houses, on the space of the land plot and the fact of beneficial changes in health, people living in the house.
Design on old Russian measures, taking into account modern techniques:
Ancient Roman architect P. Vitruvius said: "... no temple (home) without proportionality and proportions cannot have the right composition if it does not have the same accurate membership as a well-folded person."
Academician of the International Academy of Information for the UN A.F. Chernyaev believes that in church construction until 1918, an ancient measures (seated) remained, which was used in the construction of the pyramids. Ancient design rules receive a second birth. A.F. Chernyaevov is justified by the multiplicity of all the seeding of the gold number 1.618 (f).
Science determines that all the spirals known to humanity from the cosmos galaxies to DNA molecules correspond to the formula of the Golden section 1: 1.618. Determined that " golden proportion"It is a universal constant Solar systemcharacterizing communication, for example, sunlight with photosynthesis processes on our planet and harmonious ratios in the gas exchange of living organisms.
The patterns of golden proportions are universally found in the structure of organic and inorganic nature.
The design of the design is laid a certain matrix. Currently, 15 Russians are known that gold proportions are associated with nature, and among themselves, in addition, 11 pairs of square seedlings are formed.
The first design rule: is determined which of the 11 pairs of seeds is most suitable for establishing the width and length of the building in a particular situation.
The second design rule: the measure (soot) is calculated to establish the height of the building. Calculations are manufactured using the Golden Curf Law. The proportions of a person are described by the Golden Vurga.
Third Design Rule: When defined dimensionsThe form of an object is proportionally shaped using 1, 1, 1, 1, and 1 part of the seeding, respectively: polls, elbows, inches, peaks and tops for a beautiful, proportional design of the facade and the interior of the building.
The design rules using Russian seedlings are in the formation stage. The author began to acquaint with such rules of architects and designers, in order to identify their actual effectiveness.
Thus, the design is conducted according to ancient Russian measures, with the use of modern design methodologies and taking into account certain recommendations of Feng-Shuya and Vasta.
As a result, we, with a certain confidence, argue that we design and build "live houses", which contribute to the harmonization of space and the beneficial effect on improving the well-being of people living in the house and are in the "field of influence" of such a house.
Council to families thinking about the construction of their home. Do not comprehend time to search, the birth of the image of the house. If there is no possibility of paying the architect services, then find the opportunity to get a professional advice.
The house you can be built on the century is worth it!
Issues of the workpiece of natural materials, bookmarks at home and the delivery of the house in this article will not disclose, we believe that the reader is more important today to learn how to build a skew straw house.
The idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding a house. Fast mounting frame with roof. Filling the walls and overlaps with extruded straw blocks. Finishing facade and home interior clay solutions. Processing the surface of the outer and inland walls Houses with silicate compositions.
Foundation design:
Designs of frame-straw type, several times easier, traditional designs (stone, wooden) types of houses. Therefore, the applied design of the foundation is significantly different from the traditionally established structures of foundations.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe foundation:
Minimization of labor costs, first of all, earthworks;
Sharp reduction (actual exception) use of expensive building materials such as cement;
Expanding the design properties of the foundation;
The design of the foundation is developed taking into account the properties of the ground, at the site of the construction of the soil and groundwater;
In general, the form, the foundation design has the following device:
Wooden pillars, the surface of which is subjected to special processing, rest on the "concrete" stones with a sandy pillow.
Foundation device:
Pumps out a depth of 60 cm and lay aside with sand with water and tamper;
The fox filled with sand "closes" with concrete stone;
Waterproofing is carried out;
A wooden pastee is installed, a pillar.
The applied design of the foundation on the bearing capacity meets the necessary requirements, and in labor costs and cost several times easier and, accordingly, cheaper than traditional structures. In addition, such a design can be performed in the dwelling winter days.
Device strapping at home.
The construction experience of frame-straw houses showed that the construction of the foundation on all erected objects is different, and is always determined by local features.
Frame design:
Frame designs Great set, each has its own characteristics, and the masters prefer, the type of design that seems to them most suitable for a particular purpose.
The main, forming elements of the designed frame, are set with a modular step from 2 to 3 meters.
The second elements of the frame, communications and runs are attached to the frame of the necessary installation stability, strength and allow you to install already rafting elements.
Thus, the design of the developed framework is a frame with elements of a truss type and is made of lumber. This design allows you to make quick installation of a frame, without the use of heavy machinery. Installation of one floor, basic frame elements, can be made in one day.
The main elements of the frame create the kernel of the stiffness of the building of the building.
Designs are prepared in advance, on a platform prepared for the manufacture of designs. For the manufacture of structures, timber and connection elements are used as materials, and a professional manual power tool is used as a tool.
Frame idea:
Improving the strength and stability of the frame design, while simultaneously decreasing the flow rate of the lumber, on its manufacture, due to the improvement of the form of the frame structure;
An increase in fire resistance, and boseliness of the tree material, due to special processing;
Minimizing the use of expensive connecting elements (metal), while simultaneously transition is not wooden and adhesive connections.
The framework prepared for the installation of the framework is processed by bio and flame retardant compositions.
Before mounting the first floor frame: the foundation, the blockage and floor beams must be made. A work flooring is laid on the floor beams. Over the work flooring, elements of the frame frame are laid out, and an enlarged assembly is made. Mounting the collected frame is carried out 3-4 workers, using a mounting rope. To facilitate the accuracy of the installation of the frame, the stops are used.
The design of the walls is outdoor:
The idea of \u200b\u200bexternal walls:
Increase the thermal resistance of external walls to a level that allows you to create energy-handed houses, i.e. unheard;
Creating a wall from local, affordable, environmental and renewable materials, during mining, which natural equilibrium is not disturbed.
At this stage of the development of the constructive system, the blocks of pressed straw are used to fill the walls. They are made on well-known in agriculture, balers.
Conditions for the manufacture of blocks are simple:
A straw can use fresh and last year, but it must be dry and beautiful, golden in appearance;
Food in appearance, and earlier moldy straw, should not be used.
It is possible to manufacture blocks directly in the field, where the press pick can pick up straw rolls. If the straw is removed into a stack, the press pick can be put on a stack and forks to serve a straw in the receiving press pick-up unit. The third option is possible: to deliver a straw in rolls to a comfortable place, for example, under a canopy, and produce blocks, at least all year round.
Some features that should be considered when filling the walls by straw blocks:
It is necessary to provide constructive limitations of the "stroke" of blocks, in horizontal and vertical directions;
Each blocks of blocks should be limited to outdoor and internal runs that will not allow blocks to fall out of the building or opposite to fall inside the room;
After laying the first row of blocks, you should carefully cross the vertical seams between blocks,
After laying out, the second row of blocks, two rows of blocks are singered by rods, then it is caught, again, the vertical seams between the blocks (to the pantry of horizontal seams, proceed a little later);
We proceed to the horizontal pantle between the rows of blocks, when the rows of blocks are rolling in a constructive limitation;
A well-compressed block, when cutting a fastening thread, it does not immediately fall apart, this circumstance allows, from the whole unit to take only the part that is required in size, and to invest it between the blocks into the wall, without a fastening thread (the remainder of the block can be tied again).
After filling the walls by blocks, proceed to "drank" the outside of the wall. Currently, it is easier to make and use sawdowed dranco, (earlier applied a crusted duch). We make dranke with a thickness of 5 mm from cutting boards 20-25 mm. The first row of duranki is fastened to running with a stiplier at an angle of 45., and in 12 cm increments, with such a calculation, so that the hand of a person with the saman (straw with clay) easily passed between duments.
The first row of duncas is attached, you can cook myself and start up to the outer "clay note."
Briefly about the preparation of Samana:
Machine clay, we mix it through a day, then with small portions of clay thoroughly mix, for example, a mixer;
In the resulting clay dough, portions, add beams of straw and mix until a homogeneous mass.
About "Clay Mat":
Cooked homogeneous mass of the samana, fill, with a slight force, the cavity between the straw blocks and duncar;
The resulting clay layer with straw, 5-7 cm thick, is a good protection against various, negative effects;
The applied "clay value" can not be aligned.
On the second row of the duch, we apply a layer of clay, and we give clay to dry well and be covered with multiple cracks. In such a preparation, the plaster layer of the lime solution will be well held.
Painting the facade, you can produce very durable silicate paints, for the manufacture of which, the main required components in the Urals are available.
Overlapping design:
Cleaning idea:
An increase in heat insulating properties, for overlapping 1 floor and attic overlap;
Increasing noise insulating properties;
Eliminating the weight of the ceiling design, due to the use of hollow-forming agents.
At this stage, simple, the beam design of the overlap is used. A feature of the overlaps used is a large section height, at least 50 cm. This is done in order to achieve very good thermal insulation properties. To beams, for example, a section of 150x50 and a step of 500 on the suspensions, the rolls attached. On the boardwalk, the used cardboard treated from two sides, which can be fixed to the panel. The insulation is stacked in the cardboard - straw blocks. From above to the insulation, the screed of a clay dough with silicate curing is arranged. Another variant of the overlap device, instead of straw blocks, can be installed in the cardboard, lay a layer of hollow-formers, close it with one, two rows of cane fabrics.
Construction of interior walls and partitions
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe inner walls: walls made of natural materials, possess the following properties:
Effectively controls the regulation of humidity indoors, i.e. Quickly restore comfortable parameters for human accommodation, with a sharp increase in humidity in crude weather or, with a decrease in humidity on hot days;
Does not stand out, in the air of premises, harmful to human health substances;
Absorbed from the air of the premises unpleasant and harmful smells for a person;
Do not take away from a person heat when contacting;
Dull particles are not attracted to themselves, they have high hygienic properties.
The inner walls and partitions are circulated on one side by the rails with a diagonal orientation. On the other hand, walls and partitions, the rails are nailed horizontally and gradually, as the body of the wall or partition is filling the saman.
Thus, the basis of healthy, ecological walls and partitions is created.
On the construction time of houses:
In 2008, a carcass and straw house of 50 sq. M. was turnkey raised in 5 weeks.
House of 150-200 sq.m without finish finish, it is raised for 3-4 months.
Frame-straw houses have increased fire resistance. Confirmed by testing fire resistance plastered straw wall is 120 minutes, while open steel structures - 15 minutes.
The spectrum of possible construction in the frame-straw technology is extremely wide: in many countries, schools and other public and production buildings are being built on this technology.
