To build a house from cinder blocks, it is not necessary to contact professional builders, you can study the method of cinder block construction and do everything yourself. First, develop a project, calculate how much material you need, and you can start working.
Before you start creating a project and building a house, you need to find out about the pros and cons of cinder block buildings.
Advantages of cinder block houses:
But there is also two significant disadvantages:
The main requirements for the foundation: it must be high to protect the house from moisture, which the cinder block is so afraid of, and well insulated. If the house is one-story and without reinforced concrete floors, then the foundation does not have to be super-strong.
For the construction of the foundation for a cinder block house you will need: crushed stone, cement, gravel, reinforcement, sand, concrete mixer, cinder blocks, opata, level, hydro and vapor barrier material.
This process is carried out in several stages:
The construction of the basement, if provided, can begin in 7 days, and the construction of the walls can only be carried out after complete drying (after about 1 month).
First, the corners are set so that the walls are perfectly even. One cinder block is placed in each corner, then it is leveled with a building level. Stretch the twine along which you will lay out the walls. Before starting work, prepare:
The cinder block is laid in one of the traditional ways:
Important to remember that the laying of cinder blocks can only be done at temperatures above 15 degrees. After preparatory work build the first row of blocks. The height of the seam should not be more than 1.5 cm, otherwise this will lead to a deterioration in the thermal insulation properties. Do not fill the cavities in the cinder blocks with cement!
When erecting the first three rows, check the wall with a level as often as possible, it should be strictly vertical. Cinder blocks are stacked with an offset of ½ block.
To avoid cracks and make the structure stronger, builders advise using reinforcement. To do this, you will need fittings and electromills or wall chasers. With the help of electrofilters, recesses are made in cinder blocks, reinforcement is inserted into them and cement mortar is poured. This procedure is repeated in every fourth row.
Video of building a house from cinder blocks, masonry.
When the walls are up, you can start building the roof. This process cannot be postponed for a long time, so as not to expose the cinder blocks to the destructive effects of atmospheric precipitation. The same goes for external and internal finishing work.
To be comfortable in the house in cold weather, you need take care of building insulation and. Experts say that it is better to insulate the building from the outside, as this guarantees 70% of the effect, sometimes internal insulation is not even required.
Front internal insulation a vapor barrier layer is mounted on the walls and ceiling of the building, then you can use mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. No vapor barrier is required for the exterior walls.
If you want to save on insulation, then use foam. This is the most cheap stuff, in the future it is plastered and painted. You can also buy expanded polystyrene, which has a low level of water absorption, so there is no need to install a vapor barrier.
Wall insulation with foam plastic and decorative work are carried out in 5 stages:
For painting, it is better to choose acrylic or silicone plaster. And if you are not limited in finances, then for insulation it is better to purchase polyurethane foam - modern material, which is applied to walls by pouring or spraying. The result is a seamless coating that does not allow cold air and moisture to pass through.
If you are building a house from cinder blocks, then first you need to calculate the amount of material. Those who produce the building material themselves can make the missing quantity at any time, it is only important to remember that the blocks will take time to become durable.
To calculate the number of cinder blocks, you need to know the thickness of the wall. It may differ depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the house is being built. In the middle lane, a thickness of 20-40 cm is enough, and in order for the house to retain heat in severe winters, the size must be at least 60 cm.
When calculating remember basic construction terms: half a stone (20 cm), into a stone (40 cm), one and a half stones (60 cm), two stones (80 cm).
We will carry out calculations for the most common parameters that are used in the construction of a house from cinder blocks. For example, you need to build a 9x7 building, the height of the walls is 3 meters. The area of one cinder block is 0.08 m (0.4x0.2).
The first thing to do is calculate the number of blocks per meter of wall. For this 1 / 0.08 sq.m., 12.5 pieces are obtained. The wall will be built in two rows, therefore 12.5x2 = 25 cinder blocks. Now let's calculate the area of the house: (9 + 9 + 7 + 7) x3 = 96 sq.m. 9 and 7 - the length of the walls, and 3 - the height. For each square meter, 25 cinder blocks are needed, which means that for the construction of the whole house: 25x96 = 2400 pieces.
The calculations do not take into account openings, but this does not need to be done. Cinder block is a fragile material, so you need to take it with a margin.
How much does it cost to build a cinder block house? You can build a house from cinder blocks with your own hands, but do not forget about the development of the project. You can do it yourself or entrust it to professionals. The main thing is to take into account the climatic conditions and characteristics of the soil, the stability of the building.
The average cost of one cinder block is 35 rubles. For a 9x7 house, you will need 2,400 pieces, that is, this material will cost 84 thousand rubles. But this is only the construction of walls, you should also not forget about the construction of the foundation, the construction of the roof, sound and heat insulation, finishing work.
Many of them are happy with the construction process, as the house can be built during the holidays. Save on the material itself and the mortar, which is two times less than for brickwork. Houses made of this material look original, warm in winter and cool in summer.
Cinder block houses Are reliable and durable buildings. For their construction, it will not take a lot of time and financial expenses, especially if you produce cinder blocks yourself. But in order for the building to serve for a long time, and to live in it comfortably, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and decoration.
Cinder block as a building material is gaining more and more popularity. This is due to several factors. First of all, the low cost, which can be further reduced by making the blocks yourself. The second reason for the popularity is that cinder block laying can be done by hand.
Cinder block is an artificial stone based on compressed cemented cinder concrete. Slag, granite crushed stone, granite screenings, gravel, broken glass, sand, dried pieces of cement are used as fillers. The dimensions of the cinder block according to the standards: 400x200x200 or 390x190x190. In the second case, 10 mm is left for the mortar joint.
The cinder block is of two types:
The block type also determines its properties. The higher the hollowness, the lower the thermal conductivity, which means that the warmth of the premises will be retained. However, the strength of the material decreases from this. The masonry scheme practically does not change.
If the laying is done with your own hands, then the cost of the construction can be significantly reduced. It is enough to choose high-quality cinder blocks and find out how to properly lay the masonry.
1. The choice of the method of laying.
The laying pattern is influenced by the cinder block used, which depends on the type of material and the nature of the future building. You can put blocks in one, one and a half, two and half a stone (spoon method). It is worth considering the fact that the thicker the wall is laid out, the warmer the building will be.
2. Preparation of mortar for masonry.
The manufacturing technology is the same, but the proportions depend on the nature of the future building. Now you can buy ready-made mixtures in stores, to which it is enough to add a certain amount of water. However, this will significantly increase the cost of masonry. Therefore, usually the solution is prepared independently. The standard proportions are as follows:
The amount of water is adjusted for each specific case. The result should be a viscous, non-dripping solution. If so, then you did everything right. At the end of cooking, it is necessary to add a plasticizer, which is used to increase frost resistance and increase density. A composition that has the following parameters is considered to be of high quality:
The main rule is that the mortar must withstand the forthcoming loads of the building. If the technology for manufacturing blocks is strictly observed, then the product will eventually turn out to be of high quality.
3. Preparation necessary tools.
If you do not know where to start laying the cinder block, start by choosing the necessary tools. You will need:
After carrying out the preparatory work, you can start laying the cinder block directly.
Step-by-step instructions for laying
1. The beginning of the cinder block laying is the pouring of the foundation, the width of which should slightly exceed the width of the blocks. The surface should be perfectly flat, without flaws in the form of bulges and pits.
2. Setting the corners. For this purpose, rows are used, which are attached to each corner. It is necessary to select the tool taking into account the thickness of the blocks, as well as the thickness of the two seams. A thread or string is pulled between the row marks of each row, which indicates the level of the row.
3. Directly laying cinder block. The first layer is the most important, therefore special attention is paid to this process. First you need to spread the adhesive mixture in an even layer using a trowel, on which you want to lay the cinder block. After 3 blocks have been laid, the installation must be checked with a level and a plumb line. Then repeat this procedure as often as possible, this is required by the instructions. This will avoid re-laying, which means that the price for the work will be lower. The next layers are laid in the same way with level control. It is not recommended to make the joint thickness more than 1.5 cm. The slots are also filled with a cement compound. If a hollow cinder block is being laid, then in no case should the voids inside the blocks be filled with a solution, as this will lead to a loss of thermal insulation properties.
4. Completion of the work consists in facing the wall or its "joining" (on the cement between the blocks from the outside, draw an oblique cut with a cut hollow pipe).
If the wall will not be faced, then soot can be added to the cement mortar. This will decorate the building, however, you need to be careful not to stain the blocks.
Other builder tips
There are little tricks that can help make your job a little easier, since laying walls with your own hands can be difficult for an inexperienced builder.
1. Specialists, as a rule, carry out the laying of the cinder block, without using any additional devices. If this is the first time you do it yourself, then you can use a template, the size of which depends on the dimensions of the blocks (you will be able to make it yourself).
2. Red clay is used as a plasticizer, especially since it is affordable.
3. You also need to take care in advance of making a special platform, which will be needed in order to be able to lay out the top layers. A stepladder will not work for this purpose, because you cannot take a bucket with you, and you must constantly move it, and it is easy to fall.
4. It is necessary to monitor the thickness of the seam. It should be no more than 1.5 cm, otherwise the heat will leave the building outside.
In the construction market, such popular materials as gas blocks and foam blocks have long been used. But the cinder block remains a rather popular material. For the construction of a house, it is rarely used when it is used, but in the construction of small buildings, garages, it is simply irreplaceable.
This is explained by the fact that the block is not very expensive in itself, and if you know the masonry technology, it will not be difficult at all to build structures from it. Then you will not have to spend money on specialists, whose services cost a lot of money.
According to the advice of experts, it is better to lay the cinder block on a foundation whose width is 40-50 centimeters wider, or the minimum should correspond to the width of the block. Since the cinder block contains compounds that do not tolerate contact with moisture well, the base of the foundation must be insulated and leveled.
If your structure is higher than your breasts, then you need to take care of the availability scaffolding because the block is not only more bricks, but also heavier. In this case, without scaffolding, it will be difficult for you to lift blocks and build a wall out of them.
As in every construction, you cannot do without correctly selected quality tools, you will need the following:
The solution plays an important role, it is very important that it is mixed correctly. For laying a cinder block, it must consist of 4 parts: sand, cement, red clay, water. All components should be mixed in equal parts, it should turn out to be plastic and not crack.
The masonry starts from the corners, it must be done as efficiently as possible, precisely from how well the coals will be driven out, and the further laying of the cinder block will go. To do this, you need to use the order, a flat metal rectangular corner, a wooden corner can also be used if the first one is not available.
At first, the job is no different from brickwork, a solution is applied to the corner on both sides with a trowel, slightly leveled, two blocks lie on top at right angles. Then the solution is placed on top of the cinder blocks, the third block is laid, and so on, adhering to the rule of bandaging the seams. After that, you need to check the level of the evenness of the walls, as well as the plumb line. In case of unevenness, you can knock a little over the missing places with a trowel, until the solution has cooled down, then there will be no difficulty in leveling them. In the same way, you need to drive out the rest of the coals.
Nails are driven into the seam of the lower and upper cinder blocks, then a fishing line is pulled between them. This landmark serves for laying the first row of blocks along the entire perimeter; the plane of each block must be checked with a building level. All stacking blocks must be laid out in one plane.
Very often, the last block in the plane is larger than the desired one, so it needs to be filed. To do this, you can use a regular saw, the cinder blocks are very easy to cut, but you need to use a respirator, because the cinder block produces a lot of saws when cutting.
After filling the seams of the blocks with a solution, removing all excess with a trowel, you need to start forcing the next row, as shown in the photo above.
At a right angle to the cinder block laid in the first row, lay the second row, then the third using the dressing rules. According to the resulting sample of the first row, lay the second, while controlling the correctness of the laying of blocks as in vertical plane and horizontal. The trimmed blocks in the masonry should be at the maximum distance from each other, for maximum snapping, it will be very good if they are in different corners of the building.
When laying a cinder block, it is the first two rows that play the main role in construction, so there is no need to rush with them.
Cinder blocks are one of the most relevant building materials... They are popular because of affordable price, ease of masonry and good technical characteristics... You can erect walls from it with your own hands without the help of professional craftsmen. But before that, you must definitely study the technology of masonry, learn about its pitfalls.
The cinder block is made from cement, sand, water and fillers: blast-furnace slag, perlite, expanded clay crumbs, etc. The strength, frost resistance, porosity of the material depend on the composition and quantity of the latter. Before buying, you need to clarify the presence of a quality certificate in order to exclude the presence of a dangerous concentration of toxic substances. It is risky to purchase products made in artisanal conditions, although they are slightly cheaper than factory-made ones. But without professional equipment and knowledge the right technology production, it is impossible to create a product that meets the technical characteristics of GOST.
except positive properties the cinder block has some negative features. First of all, you need to remember about its high hygroscopicity (ability to absorb moisture) and protect it from dampness. In addition, the blocks will not be able to withstand a very heavy load with a reinforced concrete floor, in this case, a monolithic reinforced belt... But it is quite possible to lay them with your own hands without outside help or hired workers.
After applying a leveling cement layer to the foundation, it must be well protected from water by using a waterproofing material, for example, roofing material. Its ends are connected with an overlap of at least 150 mm.
The construction of walls is done as follows:
At the stage of choosing a building material for a house, many doubt which is better: foam blocks or cinder blocks? Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, they have different prices, differ in technical characteristics. You need to focus on the type and purpose of the room, the requirements for it, the design of the walls.
The inner surface of the walls must be waterproofed with high-quality vapor-proof plaster, insulated (with foil, expanded polystyrene), and then install drywall, glue wallpaper, paint, etc. For exterior decoration facing brick, plaster followed by painting, siding is suitable. The air gap must be filled with insulation: polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool.
The strength of the masonry with your own hands depends not only on compliance with its technology, but also on the technical characteristics of the cinder block, the quality of the solution. If you follow all the rules, a cinder block house will serve the owner for many years.
Cinder block masonry: how to lay cinder block correctly (video)
Cinder block as a building material is gaining more and more popularity. This is due to several factors. First of all, the low cost, which can be further reduced by making the blocks yourself. The second reason for the popularity is that cinder block laying can be done by hand.
Cinder block is an artificial stone based on compressed cemented cinder concrete. Slag, granite crushed stone, granite screenings, gravel, broken glass, sand, dried pieces of cement are used as fillers. The dimensions of the cinder block according to the standards: 400x200x200 or 390x190x190. In the second case, 10 mm is left for the mortar joint.
The cinder block is of two types:
The block type also determines its properties. The higher the hollowness, the lower the thermal conductivity, which means that the warmth of the premises will be retained. However, the strength of the material decreases from this. The masonry scheme practically does not change.
If the laying is done with your own hands, then the cost of the construction can be significantly reduced. It is enough to choose high-quality cinder blocks and find out how to properly lay the masonry.
1. The choice of the method of laying.
The laying pattern is influenced by the cinder block used, which depends on the type of material and the nature of the future building. You can put blocks in one, one and a half, two and half a stone (spoon method). It is worth considering the fact that the thicker the wall is laid out, the warmer the building will be.
2. Preparation of mortar for masonry.
The manufacturing technology is the same, but the proportions depend on the nature of the future building. Now in stores you can buy ready-made mixtures, in which it is enough to add a certain amount of water. However, this will significantly increase the cost of masonry. Therefore, usually the solution is prepared independently. The standard proportions are as follows:
The amount of water is adjusted for each specific case. The result should be a viscous, non-dripping solution. If so, then you did everything right. At the end of cooking, it is necessary to add a plasticizer, which is used to increase frost resistance and increase density. A composition that has the following parameters is considered to be of high quality:
The main rule is that the mortar must withstand the forthcoming loads of the building. If the technology for manufacturing blocks is strictly observed, then the product will eventually turn out to be of high quality.
3. Preparation of the necessary tools.
If you do not know where to start laying the cinder block, start by choosing the necessary tools. You will need:
After carrying out the preparatory work, you can start laying the cinder block directly.
Step-by-step instructions for laying
1. The beginning of the cinder block laying is the pouring of the foundation, the width of which should slightly exceed the width of the blocks. The surface should be perfectly flat, without flaws in the form of bulges and pits.
2. Setting the corners. For this purpose, rows are used, which are attached to each corner. It is necessary to select the tool taking into account the thickness of the blocks, as well as the thickness of the two seams. A thread or string is pulled between the row marks of each row, which indicates the level of the row.
3. Directly laying cinder block. The first layer is the most important, therefore special attention is paid to this process. First you need to spread the adhesive mixture in an even layer using a trowel, on which you want to lay the cinder block. After 3 blocks have been laid, the installation must be checked with a level and a plumb line. Then repeat this procedure as often as possible, this is required by the instructions. This will avoid re-laying, which means that the price for the work will be lower. The next layers are laid in the same way with level control. It is not recommended to make the joint thickness more than 1.5 cm. The slots are also filled with a cement compound. If a hollow cinder block is being laid, then in no case should the voids inside the blocks be filled with a solution, as this will lead to a loss of thermal insulation properties.
4. Completion of the work consists in facing the wall or its "joining" (on the cement between the blocks from the outside, draw an oblique cut with a cut hollow pipe).
If the wall will not be faced, then soot can be added to the cement mortar. This will decorate the building, however, you need to be careful not to stain the blocks.
Other builder tips
There are little tricks that can help make your job a little easier, since laying walls with your own hands can be difficult for an inexperienced builder.
1. Specialists, as a rule, carry out the laying of the cinder block, without using any additional devices. If this is the first time you do it yourself, then you can use a template, the size of which depends on the dimensions of the blocks (you will be able to make it yourself).
2. Red clay is used as a plasticizer, especially since it is affordable.
3. You also need to take care in advance of making a special platform, which will be needed in order to be able to lay out the top layers. A stepladder will not work for this purpose, because you cannot take a bucket with you, and you must constantly move it, and it is easy to fall.
4. It is necessary to monitor the thickness of the seam. It should be no more than 1.5 cm, otherwise the heat will leave the building outside.
DIY cinder block masonry: step-by-step instruction, tools, tips
DIY cinder block masonry is gaining more and more popularity every year. This artificial stone is one of the cheapest building materials. At the same time, it has excellent technical characteristics and allows you to erect not only utility buildings, but also full-fledged residential buildings. The installation of a cinder block is not particularly difficult, therefore, all the work can be handled without the involvement of a construction team, which allows you to increase your professionalism and save a considerable amount.
The cinder blocks got their name thanks to the filler that was previously used in the process of their production: slag, ash and other combustion products. solid fuel... However, such blocks were characterized by high moisture absorption and insufficient strength. Therefore, today fine-grained crushed stone, expanded clay, broken brick, sawdust, etc.
The entire cinder block available on the domestic market can be conditionally divided into three types:
Each type has a certain voidness, the value of which determines the main characteristics of the product (strength and thermal conductivity). It is on voidness that you need to focus first of all when choosing blocks for the construction of walls (Fig. 1).
When conducting construction works with their own hands, many are interested in the question: what should be the thickness of the cinder block walls? It all depends on the purpose of the building being erected and the climatic zone in which it was built. Standard sizes of this material are as follows: width - 390 mm, height - 188 mm, thickness - 190 mm.
The laying of cinder blocks, like ordinary bricks, can be performed according to the following schemes:
Considering how to lay the cinder block correctly, you need to know that with an increase in the thickness of the walls, their thermal conductivity decreases, that is, it becomes warmer and more comfortable in the house. At the same time, excessive thickness leads to additional financial waste and an increase in the load on the foundation. For the construction one-storey house the recommended wall thickness of cinder block is 380 mm (1 block masonry).
Before laying the cinder block with your own hands, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:
High-quality masonry of any wall material begins with the creation of a reliable base. Its type depends on the condition of the soil on summer cottage and depth of occurrence groundwater... So, for heaving soils the best option is a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation.
For stable soils with deep underground waters, a tape base is well suited, which can be made independently, without the use of construction machinery and expensive equipment. Its width should be equal to or greater than the thickness of the future walls. To fill the foundation, a mortar is prepared from cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 2: 4.
Strip base scheme
After the installation mixture has completely hardened, a waterproofing material is laid on top of the concrete base to protect the blocks from moisture. It is recommended to use roofing material as waterproofing.
Cinder block walls are laid on cement mortar, which can be purchased at any hardware store or made by hand. Ready-made dry mixes are relatively expensive, so many choose the second option. Masonry mortar is prepared from cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 3. To give the mixture plasticity and increase its frost resistance, a plasticizer is added to it. The finished masonry mass should be viscous and spread slightly under the weight of the cinder block.
Brickwork, cinder block or any other building material begins from the corners of the future house. In this case, you need to be very careful, since the evenness and reliability of all walls will depend on the correctness of the angles. First, a little mortar is applied to the corners of the foundation and leveled with a trowel. Then two blocks are placed on top of it at right angles, after which another block is mounted on them, observing the dressing of the seams.
The rest of the corners of the house are driven out in the same way. The masonry must be constantly checked for horizontal and vertical evenness using a building level and a plumb line.
If any element does not fit into the overall picture, it is corrected by lightly tapping with a trowel. Nails are hammered into the resulting seam between the upper and lower block and a cord is pulled, which will be a reference point when laying the first row. After installing the first row along the entire perimeter of the foundation, they begin to lay the second row, and so on.
Installation seams in the walls are cold bridges through which heat escapes from the house, so their width should be minimal. For cinder blocks, the recommended joint width is about 10-15 mm. At smaller sizes, the masonry will have low strength.
To evenly distribute the load along the entire perimeter of the walls and increase the reliability of the masonry, its reinforcement is performed. For this, metal rods are used, which are mounted in the grooves of the blocks, or a reinforcing mesh. The first row of blocks is reinforced without fail, after which this procedure is performed every 3-4 rows.
Correctly erected cinder block walls will last for many years, reliably protecting residents from bad weather conditions and bringing warmth and comfort to the house.
DIY cinder block masonry: instructions
The question of how to lay a cinder block is asked when they build the walls of a garage, an outbuilding or a fence.
For erection residential buildings this material is no longer used, it was replaced by foam and gas blocks.
The main advantages of the cinder block:
The only drawback is low thermal conductivity. In cold weather, a house made from cinder blocks quickly loses heat through the walls. However, the demand for this building material is not falling.
This disadvantage helps to eliminate a huge selection of heaters. So after consulting on how to properly lay the cinder block, get down to business without undue hesitation.
It is not worth hiring a construction team, there is nothing super complicated in laying a cinder block with your own hands.
First, prepare your tools:
The foundation on which the laying is carried out should be slightly wider than the cinder block width (at least 4 cm).
The platform for construction is made with waterproofing, since the components of the cinder block - lime and sand, do not tolerate contact with water.
The foundation, in order to prevent the curvature of the future building, cannot be uneven.
Before starting with your own hands, find scaffolding on which you will get up. They will come in handy if the calculated clutch height is higher than your chest level.
Reaching the masonry in your hands with a cinder block will become a hefty torment, because you need to take into account how much it weighs this material... It is larger and heavier than a brick.
A simple stepladder will not help in this case, there is no place on it to put a bucket of solution.
The consistency of the solution is of no small importance.
The correct solution is plastic, but not spreading, thick, like sour cream.
According to the rules, a solution for laying a cinder block is prepared from the same amount of sand and cement and one third of red clay. The components are thoroughly mixed with the addition of water.
How much and in what proportions to mix these 4 components is described in detail in the video.
You can prepare cinder blocks with your own hands. Two boards, two meters long, with transverse boards are connected to each other.
The extreme boards are fastened to the longitudinal ones. With the help of a chisel, a cut of 14 centimeters is formed in the longitudinal boards.
Then, cells are cut out in the prepared material, which then need to be painted oil paint... After the actions taken, a mixture of concrete and ash is poured there.
Then, holes are cut out in the prepared material and painted with oil paint. There must be voids in the cinder block to provide additional heat.
When the mortar in the mold has hardened, you can tap it with a hammer and pull out the finished block. It is recommended to wait a day, and only then do the styling.
The first blocks are placed in the corners of the building. This must be approached conscientiously and diligently: how straight the masonry will be in the corners, so even it will be on the walls.
Therefore, it is necessary to actively use the order (rectangular corner), checking each step.
On the foundation, on both sides of the corner, a steel spatula (trowel) is spread with an even layer of mortar, on which two cinder blocks are placed at an angle of 90 degrees. Their upper side is again covered with a solution.
At this stage of the masonry, the level of the horizontal line is checked, and the vertical line is checked with a plumb line.
If there is distortion, it is easy to correct it with a hammer, gently tapping on the blocks from the right side. The same method must be used when laying the rest of the corners.
Then a nail is driven into the joints between all the lower and upper blocks in order to pull thick fishing line over them.
Along this conditional line, they continue to lay the first row of cinder block, not forgetting to apply the building level.
If suddenly the last element of the perimeter masonry does not fit into its place due to its larger size, then it can be reduced with an ordinary hacksaw. Cinder blocks are sawn without problems.
You only need to adjust the size of the block with a saw in a respirator and goggles - a lot of dust and grains of slag flies during sawing.
A solution is poured onto all the seams of the masonry, removing the excess with a spatula. Then other rows are laid. The cinder block is not laid according to the principle of brickwork, erecting one wall, and then another.
It is placed along the perimeter of the building.
The new row also begins to be laid from the corner. A second cinder block is placed on the block in the bottom row, and a third block is placed on it, closing the seams. The entire second row is placed with cinder blocks, following the example of the first.
At the same time, they periodically look at the correctness of laying in a horizontal and vertical position.
The trimmed parts should be in the masonry as far apart as possible, for example, in opposite corners.
The masonry condition of the two starting rows is very important. Therefore, it is not worth starting construction in a hurry. Subsequently, the progress of the construction will accelerate.
If you have practical baggage behind you, then you can check the horizontal lines after 3-6 blocks, vertical lines - after 4 rows made.
The edges between the cinder blocks should be kept in the size of one or one and a half cm. If you make the seams very narrow, then the masonry will be less reliable, huge seams will lead to heat leakage from the house.
It is not advised to apply the solution to the voids inside the blocks.
The opinion that this will add strength is erroneous. Rather, it will violate the thermal insulation properties of the wall and increase the consumption of mortar components.
Cinder block laying is usually done in one of two ways.
Method number 1 - spoon, that is, in half a stone. It is most common.
Method number 2 - bonding, otherwise, in one stone. The technology of laying in 2 or one and a half stones is possible only when building houses for permanent residence where the walls are 75-80 centimeters thick.
This construction technology coincides with the brick laying method.
It makes no sense to cover cinder block walls with plaster, it will not hold, since the material has poor adhesion.
It is strongly advised to decorate each wall of a cinder block structure with decorative stone.
If you are planning to build a cinder block structure, do not lose sight of the fact that harmful volatile compounds may be contained in the cinder block.
Therefore, you can leave it in open place or in a ventilated building.
If the laying of the cinder block is done according to all the rules, then taking into account the special nuances, then you will build an impeccable cinder block room with your own hands.
Excess cinder block, as a rule, is left on the porch or on the foundation.
It is appropriate to make a porch from a cinder block if there is a significant difference between the level of the yard and the house.
The cinder block foundation is laid only where there is dry soil, for a house with a small load.
Groundwater should flow below the frozen soil layer.
You also need to take into account how many floors there will be in the building. If there is more than one, it is better to change your mind and build a concrete base.
Do not ignore the fact that the cinder block has pores, which is why it must be well insulated and revetted.
Cinder blocks are one of the most relevant building materials. They are popular because of their affordable prices, ease of masonry and good technical characteristics. You can erect walls from it with your own hands without the help of professional craftsmen. But before that, you must definitely study the technology of masonry, learn about its pitfalls.
The cinder block is made from cement, sand, water and fillers: blast-furnace slag, perlite, expanded clay crumbs, etc. The strength, frost resistance, porosity of the material depend on the composition and quantity of the latter. Before buying, you need to clarify the presence of a quality certificate in order to exclude the presence of a dangerous concentration of toxic substances. It is risky to purchase products made in artisanal conditions, although they are slightly cheaper than factory-made ones. But without professional equipment and knowledge of the correct production technology, it is impossible to create a product that meets the technical characteristics of GOST.
In addition to the positive properties, the cinder block has some negative features. First of all, you need to remember about its high hygroscopicity (ability to absorb moisture) and protect it from dampness. In addition, the blocks will not be able to withstand a very heavy load with a reinforced concrete floor; in this case, a monolithic reinforced belt is required. But it is quite possible to lay them with your own hands without outside help or hired workers.
After applying a leveling cement layer to the foundation, it must be well protected from water by using a waterproofing material, for example, roofing material. Its ends are connected with an overlap of at least 150 mm.
Superintendent's advice: The measurements of the walls must exactly match the data in the project. The accuracy of the cinder block masonry in the first row affects the level of the entire wall.
The construction of walls is done as follows:
Superintendent's advice: the laying of walls from a cinder block is done in half a stone (spoon method) or in one stone (butting), two or one and a half using the brickwork technique.
Many at the stage of choosing a building material for a house doubt which is better:? Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, they have different prices, differ in technical characteristics. You need to focus on the type and purpose of the room, the requirements for it, the design of the walls.
The inner surface of the walls must be waterproofed with high-quality vapor-proof plaster, insulated (with foil, expanded polystyrene), and then install drywall, glue wallpaper, paint, etc. For exterior decoration, facing brick, plaster followed by painting, siding are suitable. The air gap must be filled with insulation: polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool.
The strength of the masonry with your own hands depends not only on compliance with its technology, but also on the technical characteristics of the cinder block, the quality of the solution. If you follow all the rules, a cinder block house will serve the owner for many years.
