Is it possible to build a house inexpensively? Yes, if you build a small garden house. Garden houses are small houses that are built quickly and at the same time with high quality. If you plan to build a country house inexpensively, spending a minimum of time, then read this article. In it we will tell about a very interesting option garden houses, about houses built on the principle of a fox hole. After reading the article, you will find out what these houses are and how to properly build a garden house "fox hole". What is the fox hole garden house? Most of you have probably watched the movie "The Lord of the Rings", and so, remember the dwellings of magical hobbits. They just lived in the "fox hole" houses. The fox hole house is very similar in principle to ordinary dugouts. It should be noted that dugouts are a very good shelter from any bad weather, be it wind, heavy rain or cold. And if you are thinking about how to build a house cheaply, then the fox hole house option is just for you.
Inexpensive garden houses- this is real, but in any construction, in addition to advantages, there are disadvantages. The disadvantages of such inexpensive garden houses can be attributed only to psychological factors. The desire to feel the sunlight in the daytime, the desire to hit from above, on the ground, and not underground, desires can be enumerated more and more, each person can experience their own special needs. Therefore, before construction, cock all the plus, minuses and only after that make a decision.
The humidity inside the garden house will depend on the depth. groundwater and on the quality of the soil. For waterproofing, a bikrost or roofing material is placed under the lower trim. Over time, a violation of waterproofing is possible in places where roofing material is damaged. Also, poor waterproofing is often found in houses with a cellar attached. During construction garden house It is very important to use logs that are as thick as possible, even and with a minimum number of knots. Since over time from the load, the logs can break. Most often, logs break in places where there are knots.
Let's write down the stages of building a house fox hole: 
1. a hole is dug around the perimeter by 1 meter more than the planned garden house 2. roofing material is laid on the bottom 3. four logs are placed on top, leveling them. These logs will serve as the lowest harness for the house. You can put the logs of the lower harness on the bricks 4. put logs in the corners of the lower harness 5. put the pillars in the middle of sides A and C, fix them with corner brackets 6. fasten the beams and the ridge 7. install the rafters 
8.Intermediate pillars are cut in on each side 9.The resulting walls of the garden house are sheathed with roofing material or boards of 25 mm 10.The facade walls of the garden house are additionally insulated 11. The sheathing is nailed onto the rafters and the roof is covered with roofing material 12. If desired, windows are made 13. Do further interior decoration garden house 14. at the end, you can start decorative exterior decoration garden house Garden houses can be built by applying different technologies construction. In this article, we have shown you how to build a house cheaply. Good luck with your construction!
Section: Cottage | and in subsections: do it yourself. | Author-compiler of the article: Lev Alexandrovich Debarkader
Somehow, surfing the Internet, I came across a practical experience of building a dugout for living as an alternative inexpensive cottage. and even with your own hands. The main thing that I did not like (against the background of excellent speed, cheapness, comfort and other bonuses) is that in the spring the dugout was flooded... Agree, it's not very pleasant to wake up one day and put your feet in a cold puddle.
Therefore, it becomes clear that new, fashionable dugouts (touched upon in the articles Dugout past and present and Dugout houses from Peter Vetsch are trump dugouts) are by no means a cheap pleasure, at least because it is necessary to carry out large work to drain soil water so as not to end up in a puddle # 128578;
But after analyzing the articles on our site Interesko.info. I realized that the problem of dugout flooding can be solved. Moreover, in inexpensive, simple, fast and pleasant ways, entirely with your own hands. But it will dugout that is not dugout... How so? you ask. These are opposites! To which I will answer: The sign of a good invention is the combination of opposites into one whole. How? Well, so about that and article # 128578;
Let's figure out the reasons for the flooding of an ordinary dugout. To do this, recall the article Underground waters, think a little and voila:
That is, a waterproof layer is located close to the surface; in spring there is a lot of flood water, there is nowhere for it to go (because the waterproof layer has a very small slope; there is nowhere for water to drain), so the inhabitants of the dugout are swimming. Consequently, any dugout dug in such conditions is doomed to a flood.
Of course, the solution would be to build a dugout where the waterproof layer
The ideal would be to break into the slope, create something like a Fox hole (an interesting type of house).
However, such conditions are very rare. So the fox hole is the lot of the elite. We need to adapt the dugout.
The key to solving the problem (how to build an unsinkable dugout) was the article A House in Stone in the Art Nouveau style. Let us briefly recall what was discussed.
By using removable formwork# 1 (hay) and demountable formwork # 2 (surrounding soil) a dome-shaped space was created for pouring concrete. When the concrete grabbed, the earth was thrown back from the outside, and the hay from the inside was fed to the calf. The result is a concrete dome at a minimum cost (in general, only for the delivery of concrete and for the concrete itself). And then finishing.
What's the key? The fact that the dugout can be built on the ground, and not underground. There is no need to dig a hole and cover it with a roof. You can, roughly speaking, fill a hill, and cover it with a roof. Thus, we get at the same time:
This approach leaves all the advantages of a dugout:
And removes the drawback: it is impossible to flood the dugout simply because it is above the ground.
Now for a little more details.
The sequence is very simple. We start with the foundation. Here, just on the surface of the earth, the foundation is being made. Solid concrete is best, but whoever likes it. For a guide, the article Gravel foundation can be useful. We remember that the house must include water, sewage, electricity, Internet communications, etc.
The next step: using straw briquettes (or some other lightweight filler, even from old bags or mattresses), the lower tier of the future is made interior space at home. From the source of the earth (future pond, well, septic tank, moat with a palisade, etc.), the earth is laid in a heap along the straw and rammed.
As a result, we get very thick adobe walls without any kind of complex formwork. Accordingly, we save energy, time and money. By the way, these walls are guaranteed not to fall in any earthquake # 128578; They will only be compacted even more.
Now it was the turn of the roof. Now we have a hill with the height you wanted for housing + some margin. Inside the hill, the future space of the house is filled with straw. Now it's elementary: we cover the entire structure with polyethylene and pour concrete on top. On the sides it is limited by a rampart of earth, below it is earthen walls and straw. Remember you need windows and other openings; it is not necessary to fill them with concrete.
A number of technical details remain, such as:
In general, that's it. The rest is to your taste, for which, as they say, there is no comrade.
It's no secret that living a healthy lifestyle while living in big city following the established rules of city life is hard enough. That is why most people who have chosen a healthy lifestyle sooner or later think about moving out of town. Most often here we are talking about their own land. Now there are many visions (in fact, ideologies) of life outside the city. But in my today's article I will not dwell on this. What will I tell you about?
Only today I returned from a short trip to the Urals, where I was invited to one of the ecovillages. I spent the whole day there talking with the residents about green building and I learned a lot of interesting information about it. For reference, green building, otherwise, the construction of eco houses is the construction of buildings from natural materials that do not have a negative impact on the environment. Most often, sane and sober-minded people pay attention to such buildings. An important factor here is also the availability and cheapness of materials. The construction of the eco-houses described below cost the owners from thirty to one hundred thousand rubles (excluding the cost of providing water and electricity). Now let's talk about everything in order.
The ecovillage, which I was lucky enough to visit, is located among the most beautiful forests and meadows.
On its territory (total area of about 200 hectares) a river flows and there are several lakes.
And here is the first eco-house that I met. It is called a fox hole. Since ancient times, it is also known as a dugout. There is not much space inside, but in winter it is warm and you can heat it once every two days.
The second type is represented by clay stumps. The fastest and least expensive. Essentially, they are firewood and clay. A small indentation is often made in the ground. And it looks very much even nothing! In the photo, however, he is under construction.
The third type of eco-houses is an upgrade of clay in appearance, but the principle of adobe construction is used (adobe is a mixture of clay, straw and sand). In the photo, the house is being built from firewood and heavy adobe around former bath(partly also built from adobe).
As you can see do it yourself eco house anyone can build, there would be a desire (well, and some skills).
Construction of the "Fox hole" Housing in the ground. Our settlement is truly famous for its "fox holes". And even in addition to the "official" name of Rodniki, there were offered options: Lisienorsk and Norouralsk. But we can boast of the number of such housing rather than the creative originality of the projects (although in the future convinced "burrowers" - I am sure - will show the wonders of architecture. Projects of 8-sided and round "fox holes" are already being hatched). It so happened historically that three inhabited "minks" were built with the aim of getting a ready-made dwelling as soon as possible, spending little money. In addition to them (Nina Ivanovna Fetkulova, Nadya Rubtsova, Tanya Skomarokhova), there are two already filled up, but without interior decoration and without a stove (Volodya Simakhin and Andrey Beloborodov) and another small (2.5x2.5 m), adapted for summer house (Okulovsky). In the next two or three years, at least 4 more families promise to build themselves "fox holes". 1. Construction speed. One (Nadya Rubtsova) was brought from scratch from scratch (a hole dug by an excavator) to a living condition (with a stove and interior decoration) in two weeks, of which it took 3 days to erect a frame, sheathing and backfilling. Of course, with the help of neighbors; Now about the disadvantages of "fox holes": About waterproofing the house Lisya Nora. Indoor humidity probably depends on the type of soil and the depth of the groundwater. We have loam, water - at 5–7 m. Experience shows that dampness does not arise in a heated "fox hole". Only Tanya Skomarokhova faced the problem of dampness: she has a cellar attached to her burrow, and from there it pulls damp through the door. She also had a wet ceiling in the corner and rotting of the boards: there, apparently, the backfill is insufficient, and the roofing material is damaged somewhere. Maybe condensation too? It may well appear on the roofing felt from the side of the boards, if the room is humid from the cellar. Tanya was also the only one whose mink suffered from the load of the earth. After a year of operation, the ridge girder gave a noticeable crack, and it was necessary to prop it up with a post in the center of the house. The length of the beam is 4 m, the diameter is about 16-18 cm, there is a large knot at the break. I must say that the logs were used from a burner, which also influenced the strength. (Nadya Rubtsova has a ridge beam with exactly the same characteristics that serves well). The conclusions are: use a thicker log with a minimum of knots. And, most importantly, to abut the rafters against each other in order to redistribute the load on the walls. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to quality top strapping walls. Although, according to our standard design, numerous boards of walls (perpendicular to the ridge), as well as the ground itself, should protect the walls (parallel to the ridge) from moving. I must say that Tanya's "fox hole" is a phenomenon in general. Our settlers built there, but the work was poorly organized, there was no experience and no project. They did it, one might say, at random. Now I look and wonder: the distance between the rafters is 133 cm, and the crate is made of inch (!). Thumbelina caved in under the weight of the earth, but it holds! Of course, all subsequent ones are built more reasonably. Are you asking about the racks? Everything is alright with them! They won't go anywhere. I quote typical project the house of Lisya Nora, on which three currently inhabited "holes" were built (the other 3, brought under the roof, are also very similar in design). True, I painted only the initial stage. Further it will be clear from the description. Our burrow sizes range from 2.5x2.5 to 4x4. It's not difficult to build the Fox Nora house with your own hands, you just have to do everything "according to your mind"! Attached Images |
There is hardly any other place where there can be a feeling of such security as in a bunded building. The secret is simple and I learned this secret on the pages of the site www.ibrus.ru - the energy and spirit of the earth literally permeate the structure under the sod dome. Natural grounding of a building relieves stress, removes electromagnetic fields caused by stray currents, which is typical for multi-storey reinforced concrete structures.
Outages of heating plants and power outages are not scary here, since an elementary wood-burning hearth is enough to maintain a comfortable temperature. As usual, dacha settlements flicker monotonously outside the window of the electric train. Booths, huts, houses, houses, huts ... And behind all this heap of construction, the main thing is not visible - the beauty of the cultivated land. And the houses themselves (or rather, the cases) are empty most of the year. In cold weather it is problematic to warm them up for the night (15-16 ° C): while the walls are warming up, it's time to get ready for the city.
In a bunded house, water in pipes or in a kettle will never freeze, and at a minimum cost, it is easy to create comfortable living conditions. The lack of natural light can be compensated for by installing transparent roof elements (skylights), the efficiency of which is much higher than traditional windows.
Fig.1 Plan of a house of the "Fox hole" type for a small plot:
1 - veranda (14.0 m2);
2 -kitchen (12.0 m2);
3 - room (20.0 m2);
4 - vegetable store (18.0 m2);
5 - greenhouse (18.0 m2);
6 - storage room (1.3 m2);
7 - locker bench;
8 - water absorber pit
Modern bunded structures can be of very different purposes: these are premises for livestock, garages for agricultural machinery, etc. Houses built using the simplest materials ( expanded clay concrete blocks, sandbags, logs, soil blocks) can help solve the acute housing problem of many categories of the population - refugees, displaced persons, etc.
This type of bunded houses has received the code name "Fox hole". Our architectural studio is ready to help develop projects for both small buildings and entire public complexes (sports, cultural, etc.). Let's see how for the little one garden plot you can build a small house bounded with earth.
Manufacturing jobs. At the first stage, a common pit is torn off with a depth of 0.5-0.8 m and dimensions by 0.5 m larger than the dimensions of the future building. The soil is folded along the perimeter of the embankment. At the bottom of the pit they make strip foundation 400 mm thick and 250 mm deep from M300 concrete, reinforced with mesh from ZF6A-1. A preparation with a thickness of 150 mm from a sand and gravel mixture is laid under the strip foundation. On the top of the foundation - waterproofing from two layers of roofing material on bitumen.
The walls of the house are erected from red brick Ml00 on a cement-sand mortar M50: up to 0.00 - 380 mm thick, above - 250 mm thick. Walls can be made from other materials, for example, from concrete blocks, or made from monolithic expanded clay concrete. The outer surfaces of the walls in contact with the ground must be insulated with hot bitumen coating (two to three times) or roofing material.
The overlap is made of hollow reinforced concrete slabs of the PK63-15-8 type, on top of which a leveling screed is made. The overlap is insulated with polystyrene foam plates 50-70 mm thick, which are laid on cold bitumen mastic. A layer of insulation is covered with two to three layers of roofing material (waterproofing) on bituminous mastic with waterproofing of joints with walls.
On top of the structure - clay castle a layer of 10-15 sms with subsequent embankment with soil removed from the pit. Subsequently, at this place, you can sow ornamental grass, arrange a flower garden, etc.
I'll sin with copy-paste, I really liked the article.
Our settlement is truly famous for its fox holes. And even in addition to the “official” name of Rodniki, variants of Lisienorsk and Norouralsk were proposed. But we can boast of the number of holes rather than the creative originality of the projects (although in the future, convinced burrowers - I'm sure - will show the wonders of architecture. Projects of octagonal and round fox holes are already being hatched). It so happened historically that three currently inhabited burrows were built in order to get a ready-made dwelling as soon as possible, spending little money.
In addition to these 3 inhabited heated burrows (Nina Ivanovna Fetkulova, Nadia Rubtsova, Tanya Skomarokhova), there are 2 already filled up, but without interior decoration and without a stove, and (Volodya Simakhin and Andrey Beloborodov) another 1 small (2.5x2.5 m) adapted under the summer house (Okulovskikh). In the next couple of years, at least 4 more families promise to build fox holes for themselves. 
Such popularity is associated with the advantages of such a home:
1. Construction speed. One of the holes (Nadia Rubtsova) was brought from scratch (a hole dug by an excavator) to a living condition (with a stove and interior decoration) in 2 weeks from scratch, of which it took 3 days to erect a frame, sheathing and backfilling. With the help of neighbors, of course.
2. Cheapness. In almost all our projects, the main materials are round timber and unedged board.
3. Low repair costs. Since the façade is kept to a minimum and the roof is covered with earth, they do not need to be repaired.
4. Internal climate. In winter, the inhabitants spend REALLY LESS firewood (at -30 they heat once a day) than their neighbors in log cabins. They can leave for a few days and not heat them without the risk of freezing their homes (although in practice we still heat each other's stoves in the absence of owners). The house is pleasantly cool in summer.
5. No official building permit required (advantage for those who are afraid of guests from the land committee). Although Ukraine certainly has its own specifics.
Disadvantages of fox holes:
1. The earth, like reinforced concrete slabs, has shielding properties, that is, it is an obstacle to natural cosmic radiation. People who are sensitive to subtle energies feel this as an internal discomfort. Therefore, it is better for such people to build wooden houses that are permeable to radiation.
2. The inability to look out the window, the desire to be on top of the earth are also serious psychological factors.
For me personally, these 2 disadvantages are very significant. Therefore, I myself live in a log house. For the same reasons, apparently, the inhabitants of all three inhabited burrows dream of getting to the surface in the future. While the settlers, who do not yet have any housing in the estate, dream of fox holes. 
The oldest burrow (the house of Nina Ivanovna Fetkulova) was built in 2004, the other two in 2006. Backfill - from 0.5 m to 1 m. The experiment was a success: the owners are generally satisfied with their dwellings. 
About waterproofing. We used roofing material or bikrost in all 5 cases (except for the Okulovskys' summer micronorca, I don’t know about it). It was placed under the lower strapping (almost everyone, except for Volodya Simakhin, lies on the ground, and in his case it is on bricks), and the boards of the walls were sheathed with it from the outside. To be honest, I don't really like this option: it interferes with the natural moisture balance between the ground and the house (according to theory, loamy soil itself regulates humidity and maintains it at an optimal level). But I don’t know any other options. Maybe plaster the walls outside with clay, dry and fill? Clay plaster protects the wood from decay.
Indoor humidity probably depends on the type of soil and the depth of groundwater. We have loam, water at 5..7 m. Experience shows that dampness does not arise in a heated fox hole. Only Tanya Skomarokhova faced the problem of dampness: she has a cellar attached to her burrow, and from there it draws dampness through the door. She also noticed wetting of the ceiling in the corner and rotting of the boards: there, probably, the filling is insufficient and the roofing material is damaged somewhere. Or maybe condensation? It may well appear on the roofing felt from the side of the boards, if the room is humid from the cellar.
Tanya was also the only one whose hole was damaged by the load of the earth. After a year of operation, the ridge girder gave a noticeable crack, and it was necessary to support it with a post in the center of the house. The length of the beam is 4 m, the diameter is about 16-18 cm, there is a large knot at the break point. I must say that the logs were used from a burner, which also influenced the strength. (Nadya Rubtsova has a ridge beam with exactly the same characteristics that serves well). The conclusions are: use a thicker log with a minimum of knots. And, most importantly, to abut the rafters against each other in order to redistribute the load on the walls. In this case, it is worth paying attention to the quality of the upper wall trim. Although, according to our standard design, numerous boards of the walls (perpendicular to the ridge), as well as the ground itself, should protect the walls (parallel to the ridge) from moving around.
I must say that Tanya's hole is generally a phenomenon. Our settlers built there, but the work was poorly organized, no one knew the project. They did it, one might say, at random. Now I look and wonder: the distance between the rafters is 133 cm and the crate is made of inch (!). Thumbelina caved in under the weight of the earth, but it holds! Of course, all other burrows are more intelligently constructed.
You ask about the racks. Everything is alright with them! They won't go anywhere.
Various smart people have advised ventilation through two vertical pipes. However, it has not been implemented anywhere, and no one has yet suffered from it. Although it is possible that it would have been even better with her, including in such "clinical" cases as Tanya Skomarokhova's.
The windows in all our holes are from the facade, and the facade is from the side of one of the gables.
In two more holes (at Nadya Rubtsova's and Nina Ivanovna's), ceiling windows were made. Before installing the first one, we argued for a long time: is it worth it? Fears were told about lakes of condensation, about the flow of rainwater under the glass, under the frame, about the hail breaking the glass, about the fact that in winter it would be swept away anyway ... They did it and saw: WORTH !!! There was no water leakage, the hail also did not damage (the top glass is tempered), the snow does not cause inconvenience and is easy to clean. True, Nadia still had a little condensation. But this did not darken the satisfaction from the window: a bright, but soft, pleasant diffused light from above and from the side illuminates the house until sunset.
Condensation was not noticed on the second window (at Nina Ivanovna's).
Here is a typical project, according to which the three mentioned currently inhabited burrows were built (the other 3, brought under the roof, are also very similar in design). True, I painted only the initial stage. Further it will be clear from the description. The sizes of burrows are from 2.5x2.5 to 4x4. 
1. The hole is dug larger than the planned burrow. For a 4x4 burrow, a 5x5 m hole was dug.We have an average of 1.5 m deepening.
2. Roofing material is laid on the bottom along the perimeter of the future frame.
3. Put 4 logs of the lower harness on the roofing material, connect them in half a tree, level them (with some error), adjust them to equal diagonals and fix them with brackets. Alternatively, you can put the lower strapping on the bricks. In our area, the main soil is loam, so it can be considered reliable, and the pillars should not be buried deep.
4. At the corners of the lower harness we set 4 pillars (length = 180..200 cm): for a good fit we hang either the harness logs or the posts. Of course, we check it by a plumb line. We fix it with temporary cuttings, from a slab, for example (not shown in the figure).
5. We install central pillars (length 250..300 cm) on the middle of sides A and C. We fasten them with a croaker with corner posts.
6. Install the ridge and beams. It is recommended to take longer than the sides B and D according to the project in order to provide a canopy on the side of the facade.
7. Install the rafters. In our projects, they rely on a hobbyhorse, but it’s probably better to push them against each other. The distance between the rafters is 80 ... 100 cm. When using a canopy from the facade, it is necessary that one pair of rafters is just above the logs and pillars of side A.
8. Intermediate posts are cut on each side. In the 4x4 project, we had 2 of them on each side.
9. The walls of the resulting frame are sheathed from the outside with boards (25 mm) and roofing felt. The front wall must be additionally insulated.
10. A crate is stuffed on the rafters and roofing material is placed. We have a lathing of 25..30 mm, but it is better to make it thicker, or rafters more often.
11. Well, there, windows, doors and all that. Then the interior decoration. 
That's all.
Where is the exit?
Why is it getting stronger?
Uncommon appearance
Fear of flooding
Fear of dampness indoors
Penetration of rodents and insects
Illumination
Collapse of the structure
In our time, they began to talk a lot about ecological houses, developments are underway, projects of similar houses are proposed. Many of them are beautiful and comfortable, with autonomous systems heating and power supply from the wind, solar panels etc., self-cleaning water drains, but, nevertheless, all these projects are practically copies of ordinary houses. It must be added to this that all of them, as a rule, are much more expensive than ordinary houses, they also require further constant care, restoration, binding to the surrounding space that changes over time. Over the course of 20-30 years, they become morally obsolete: both architecturally and technically.
Where is the exit?
We would like to bring to your attention a well-forgotten house design, which can be built by anyone, regardless of material well-being (if desired); at home, becoming stronger and more beautiful over time; practically does not take up space (which is very important for small areas); almost non-shading and constructed from any known building materials or scrap materials available in the area.
This is a project of a fox hole earthen structure.
Note that similar houses are being built to this day, for example, by Old Believers in Altai, and in almost any region you can find structures of this type, if not residential, then household.
Please do not confuse this building with a dugout, as it is not the same thing. "Fox hole" is an earthen hill. Depending on the wishes of the owner, it can be built with any depth or even be at the level of an ordinary house.
If the angle of inclination of the walls is made at 45 degrees, then it practically will not create a shadow, because the angle of the summer solstice at the latitude of Moscow is approximately equal to this. A slight shadow is created in the morning and evening hours from the west and east of the building.
Why almost does not take up space?
Yes, because the hypotenuse is always larger than the leg, and since the embankment of the house is earthen, it can be used for planting from all sides and from above (strawberries, raspberries, shrubs, flower beds, etc.). It is even possible to plant small trees if certain conditions are met, which, in general, creates unlimited possibilities when registering the external design of your building and quickly and cheaply changing it at your request. Imagine: a house-flower bed, it can be different every year. This is where the untapped field for imagination.
Why is it getting stronger?
Yes, because every year the earth becomes more compacted, and the roots of grasses and shrubs hold the surface layer together so that even if all internal supports are removed, it will still hold itself. Go to an unplowed meadow. After all, its entire space is pitted with holes of moles, mice, worms, but the ground under you does not collapse. Do not be afraid of the penetration of the root system of plants into the house, from this there is simple protection... In winter, such a house becomes even warmer, as it is covered with snow blankets, and snow load does not create additional weight due to freezing of the upper earth layer. An example of this is ice on rivers. Inside such a house, at any external temperatures, a positive temperature remains, even without heating, from which it follows that heating the structure requires a minimum of energy consumption. Its walls are always breathing. It is cool in summer.
With properly constructed ventilation, there is no dampness in it, but there is also no dryness that occurs in apartments in winter, and humidity and cold when the heat is turned off, which is mainly the reason for damage to furniture, dampness of wallpaper and clothes, cracks in the walls , jamming and drying out of doors and windows.
The interior decoration of a house can be made of any material, even wood, since there are cheap, well-forgotten ways to protect it from external conditions. You can also make walls inside from scrap materials: clay, willow, reeds, straw, cattail, wild stone, etc.
To be convinced of other advantages of the Fox Nora project, let us consider it in comparison with a traditional house of the same area and made of the same materials with a conventionally taken area of, say, 100 sq. M. m.
What is a traditional house made of?
A solid solid foundation is the foundation of any house that is built to last. Then the basement, walls, ceilings, roof. A few auxiliary little things, such as: trays for water drainage, drain pipes, gables, filings, skylights and ventilation windows, blind area, window trims, etc., which, by the way, requires far from small costs, money and time, periodic repairs. In regions with a large snow cover, in the spring, the problem of avalanches coming down from roofs or pushing them from the heavier snow is added. And the roof itself is an expensive pleasure. Good, made of galvanized iron or glazed tiles, not everyone can afford it.
And what do we have in the fox hole?
Just walls and ceilings, which themselves also serve as a roof. Note that the walls are much thinner, since they serve only as a deterrent against crumbling of the earth (with the embankment thickness of one and a half meters, there is no need to worry about the heat capacity: up to the seventieth parallel, they can practically withstand any frosts). Roof waterproofing can be made of ordinary roofing material in 2 layers (the most cheap stuff), but you can do without it if you have a good clay castle(made of well-mixed clay) 15-20 cm thick or birch bark, which does not rot in the ground for hundreds of years and is not afraid of fires, while keeping heat well (yes, yes, this is not a typo: there are such old technologies). A layer of earth on the roof, one meter thick, a year after laying, is not able to wet not a single downpour. Snow waters drain more evenly, and the ground under the snow is always slightly frozen, which perfectly restrains the penetration of water into the depths. The bottom ice crusts are not formed, which means there is no likelihood of an avalanche (and there is practically nowhere to go). All you need is good drainage ditches around the entire building with a slope to one side, sown with good grass (instead of concrete, iron or other trays), for example, grass grass, wheatgrass, etc. Foundations are also not needed or are needed purely symbolically for supports, since there is nothing to freeze through, and therefore, there is no heaving of soils. And if this house is made of red fired brick with walls half a brick thick, concrete reinforced with mesh, branches, etc. 5-7 cm thick, from boards with supporting beams of an arched structure, then it is able to endure colossal loads (examples of this are bridges).
Interior decoration is like an ordinary house, although there are many ways to save money and time, not counting durability. For example, floors that can be left earthen covered with mats (natural rugs). Either lay it out of a tile, laying it on a screed made of light and warm concrete (there are some) or made of wood, laying it on small spacers, or the same concrete according to the principle of "floating parquet". In any case, this does not require floor slabs or massive timber transfers.
Unusual appearance
- fear of flooding
- fear of dampness in the room
- penetration of rodents and insects
- illumination
- collapse of the structure
Unusual appearance- the argument is certainly weighty, but let's look around and ask ourselves what is more pleasant to see: a house with lopsided walls or broken plaster, covered with "wonderful" inscriptions, a dilapidated roof, etc. or a flower bed, or a neat lawn, or a dwarf garden with a pergola or gazebo entwined with grapes, hops, etc.
Of course, a beautifully executed facade of a house with fashionable architecture is also a pleasant sight, but for how long? After all, the fashion for architectural styles is changing so quickly, some 20-30 years, and the style is becoming obsolete. Try to change the facade of a stone or wooden structure... In addition, time brings its own destruction, and with them worries about restoration. Another thing is an alpine slide, or a flower garden, or a lawn. You can change it at your discretion even every year, and small trees or shrubs with a creeping root system (juniper, lilac, jasmine, herringbone, etc.) against the background of the hill will create a stable landscape.
Fear of flooding- a very serious thing, but nowhere is it said that this structure should be built in a swamp, or in a river floodplain, or a foundation pit. Even if your site is relatively damp, it is possible to build drainage ditches. A thick layer of earth embankment of the house and an elevation of 50-60 cm from the general level of the ground of the entrance to the premises will save from the penetration of spring upper waters.
The deepening of the house itself depends on the level of groundwater and the desire of the owner (at least bury yourself under the ceiling, at least don't bury yourself at all).
Dampness indoors occurs mainly due to poor ventilation, or low heat capacity of the walls, or an incorrectly located heating system. The heat capacity of the walls with a 1.5 meter embankment will not raise doubts, but the ventilation and heating system is in your hands. Probably, many have seen moldy walls, falling off wallpaper and plaster in quite good looking high-rise buildings, planned and built by professionals in their field.
When asked aboutpenetration of rodents, moles and other unwanted neighbors, you can only add a few words. Our high-rise buildings are swarming with mice and rats no less, despite the fact that they are made of brick and concrete, a material that is supposedly inaccessible to rodents. Had to meet rats and mice on the 14th floor. Ants and cockroaches have become, as it were, an integral part of our everyday life(who does not have, they can see an abundance of chemicals protection from data of cohabitants). Moles do not dig their passages to such a depth, as they hunt for worms that feed on the remnants of vegetation and are located in the fertile upper layer of 30-50 cm. And he prefers to bypass walls rather than break open. For the ants, make moves in the one and a half meter wall, which is for us to dig a three-kilometer tunnel under the ground to the bread store located opposite your house. All these neighbors need a home and food. Moreover, they equip the house only next to the food supply. There is no food and they do not need a home. So keep your food supplies in special rooms and live peacefully without all these worries.
Fear of collapsing roofs is also not justified. Dugouts covered with earth can even withstand bombing. We, I think, is not threatened. And a layer of earth 1-1.5 m thick can withstand even 15 cm thick logs protected from moisture, but even better is an arched structure made of any materials on a sand cushion (there is no need to talk about floor slabs). In a year or two, the roots of the plants will hold everything together so that the soils will hold themselves.
The question of lighting remains... We will cover this issue more broadly, since it has many options.
Let's start with traditional windows in the walls at the usual level for us 80-90 cm from the floor level. It is quite possible, only it is necessary to provide for small "loggias" around the window when laying the walls, since there is an earthen rampart on the sides and on top of the window. The earthen shaft can reach almost the level of the window from below, but this is not scary. It can be overlaid with tiles, bricks, wood and whatever, or you can just plant flowers or arrange a mini-greenhouse for fresh greenery. Heat leaks will serve the cause of "prosperity" (green in our case). If you do not like the land with a flower bed at the window level, we will resolve this issue. It is enough to insulate the space under the window from the outside with thickened walls or glass wool, cattail, straw, etc.
Fig 1. Traditional window with a glazed loggia
Fig 2.
Rice. 3. Anti-aircraft window, a type of window with a large depth
Rice. 4.
All this is possible with a “dome” type zenith window (see Fig. 6). Technically, the implementation of these windows is not difficult. The fear of snow blockages is also not justified. After all, the window is located above an earthen hill, and even a child is able to remove snow with the help of a broom or a brush at the end of the snowfall. The second and third glazing can be provided from the room at the ceiling level (even with stained-glass windows). Or put a mini-greenhouse outside, where, again, heat leaks will serve the cause of prosperity. Or you can just put double-glazed windows attic (fig. 7).
Rice. 5. Anti-aircraft windows, outside and inside view
Rice. 6. Above - a zenith window (double-glazed roof window). And below is an example of a triple-glazed dome window.
Http://arira.ru/lisya-nora-2.htm
The design and construction of buried dwellings is currently developing at a rapid pace, as it is one of the ways to reduce dependence residential buildings from a continuous supply of fuel. Previously, it was believed that the mention of the possibility of building underground or buried dwellings could, due to a negative psychological reaction, cause a negative attitude towards any other similar ideas.
Indeed, humans have always looked to the earth to protect themselves from adverse and extreme climatic conditions. Only the historically short era of affordable and cheap fuel has allowed us to build houses that do not depend on climatic conditions, and to supply these houses with the energy that we need to create comfortable conditions. Now that fossil fuels are shrinking and prices are rising rapidly, it’s time to rethink the opportunities that land has to offer.
We collect information on the site about the construction of fox holes, dugouts.
Outside the city, one cannot do without a cellar and basement. Especially if you have your own vegetable garden and garden (and it is almost always on the site). I would like to save vegetables, pickles, and apples for the winter ... A good basement (cellar) is very important, and therefore you need to approach its construction wisely.
Everyone who is faced with the problem of long-term storage of large quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables needs to build a cellar.
Methods for storing fruits and vegetables outside the home: in earthen pits, piles, ice storages, in cellars different types, etc.
The exceptionally hot summer of 2010 caused a lot of trouble for the Russians. There was simply nowhere to go from the heat. Personally, I fled to the basement of my own house, where the temperature was quite comfortable, which allowed me to sleep normally in a pleasant coolness. True, you won't live in a semi-basement. Thoughts involuntarily came - but how to combine this comfortable temperature regime a semi-basement, which is cool in summer and warm in winter, with the usual convenience of natural light in an ordinary house. Here, by the way, I remembered the project of the bunded house Lisya nora by B. Novoselova (House No. 10 1999). The most significant disadvantages of this project are the lack of natural light and the need to provide high-quality waterproofing at home. Both are quite difficult to do with the proposed methods. By slightly changing the indicated construction and applying modern materials, managed to solve these problems.
Note that this is just a project, but I also used my own personal experience when choosing some design solutions.
Comments: 3
The photo was sent by Dmitry Dorogov.
Comments: 1, Catalog: 9
We will illustrate the design solutions of bunded buildings with two examples. These buildings are simple and economical. They can be compared to well-executed, carefully insulated ordinary buildings, although they cannot be considered perfect. The given examples of solutions should not be considered as optimal. Attention is drawn to the main features of the projects, which consider: first, architectural and planning solutions; secondly, issues of energy conservation; thirdly, the economic characteristics according to the data of local designers. Capital and operating cost issues are of paramount importance for the construction of recessed dwellings.
