Coziness and comfort country house, private home ownership, country cottage does not seem to be without an effective, well-functioning sewerage system.
The planning, arrangement and maintenance of the drainage complex is the object of constant close attention of the owners of individual real estate.
Understanding all the fundamental principles of the construction and maintenance of the drainage of waste masses, the design of the main components and assemblies of the system, a private house not difficult with your own hands. At the same time, significant savings are achieved in the selection of Supplies and remuneration of qualified specialists.
Everyone House master who has created with his own hands such a complex functional system for his own home as an autonomous sewage system, automatically becomes an indispensable specialist in its maintenance.
On the construction market of Moscow and the region, there are many companies for the arrangement of water supply and sewerage works on a turnkey basis. The Moscow region positions a different price range - for a small country house, the cost is in the range of 20-30 thousand rubles. For a medium-sized building with tenants up to 6 people, the drain will cost 50-60 thousand rubles. The equipment of the drainage system of a large 2-3-storey cottage with more than 12 residents can cost 200-300 thousand rubles and more.
So, how to design and implement a sewage system in a private house, which will work for more than a decade without failures and emergencies? How do you plan everything yourself, while saving 50% of the total costs? This will be discussed further in our article.
Before starting all work, it is necessary to carefully consider the device of the entire system as a whole, as well as the composition of all its components. It is best to put your design vision on paper.
The drawn project will be constantly in sight, helping to take into account important details... Working on the drawing will allow you to plan a compact arrangement of pipes and take into account the structural features of the building.
In the project, it is important to take into account the location of each plumbing unit, indicate the ways of laying pipelines to the equipment, calculate the required number of fittings, pipes, materials.
Specific areas of the engineering network must be designated separately by calculating the length of the pipes and their diameters. When purchasing materials, this information will be very useful. The sewerage scheme in a private house will be a reliable help in its construction.
The design process involves the arrangement of internal and external waste water discharge circuits.
When laying an internal sewage system, the following are installed:
An external sewage system in a private house is responsible for the drainage of external Wastewater... It is arranged for supply to a septic tank or to a deep cleaning station. The latter construction will have a high cost price. If there is a central sewerage system near the house, the task of arranging an external outlet for waste water is greatly simplified, and considerable savings are achieved.
To simplify installation, as well as to reduce costs, at the design stage, it is necessary to arrange the premises of the house associated with water consumption as compactly as possible. Thanks to this arrangement, the laying of pipes inside the house is greatly simplified.
An important tip - the design process must be started from the riser. Only by determining the channel for the passage of the riser and the collector pipe, it is possible to outline the further location of all other constituent parts of the system.
Installation work during the laying of pipelines of the drainage complex is considered the most laborious in construction. Arranging the house with his own hands, it will be difficult for one owner to cope with the entire volume of work. Therefore, it is recommended to have one or two assistants from among family members, neighbors, acquaintances. The speed of work and the quality of the sewerage wiring will only benefit from this.
Currently, the trading network and construction Internet portals offer a wide variety of plastic pipes, revisions, tees, elbows. With the help of rubber cuffs, they are connected without any problems and function perfectly without the passage of water. At the same time, the joints are treated with special construction silicone sealants. In places where pipe communications pass through walls, sleeves are installed on top of them to prevent damage.
An indicative list of tools that will be needed when laying sewer pipes:
Small mistakes are always possible with such work. In order to detect leaks or defects in the fittings, the finished sewage system must be tested before being put into operation. clean water... Only after making sure of the reliability of its condition, you can connect it to the existing equipment of the home. Storm sewer can be combined at the exit from the house with an internal drain.
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An important factor when installing drain structures is the correct slope. Modern building codes suggest the slope of systems where there is no fluid pressure, to produce taking into account the diameter of the pipelines. 50mm pipes should have a slope of 3 centimeters per meter of their length. Pipes with a diameter of 100-110 millimeters can have a slope of 2 centimeters in their length. Based on this, different points horizontal pipes should be at different heights.
To prevent the docking of external and internal wiring, installation begins with the release of the sewer. The outlet is the location in the pipeline where the inner riser connects to the pipe leading to the septic tank. It is laid deep in the ground through the foundation, below the level of freezing of the soil in the region.
In extreme cases, if conditions do not allow and the release is higher, it must be very carefully insulated. Otherwise, in winter frosts, the pipe with drained water will freeze and create problems.
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The most inexpensive way to arrange the disposal of used water from a private house is a cesspool. It is manufactured at the rate of 0.5-0.8 m³ per person. The bottom of the pit is filled with concrete. The side walls are lined with bricks, blocks, and can be filled with concrete. To avoid the ingress of waste materials into drinking water the top of the masonry is sealed with bitumen mastic.
Sewer wiring is laid in a trench 1 meter deep. The ditch is overlapping wooden floor, which is poured from above with liquid bitumen and an inspection hatch with a cover is installed.
The cesspool should be located in a place convenient for sewage transport. This is necessary so that the pit must be cleaned as it fills. In all localities there is a service that, at the request of the owners of private houses, sends special machines for cleaning cesspools.
When deciding on the creation of a sewer structure, the owner should familiarize himself with the full list of special devices widely available on the building materials market. Plastic septic tanks, storage tanks, multi-chamber sewerage systems - these devices facilitate the installation of the drain complex, ensuring the reliability and durability of its service.
The septic tank has more reliable design, longer service life, ease of use. Its task is to clarify wastewater and discharge it into the ground. A septic tank is usually made of several sections, depending on the expected volume of water consumption in the house. According to the norms, it should be located at a distance of 20 m from a residential building. The drainage unit is installed at a distance sufficient to prevent erosion of the soil, foundation and the ingress of wastewater into basements and wells.
The drainage system should be located below the drinking water intake level, not closer than 50 m from the water intake point. In the absence of groundwater, a filter well is arranged instead of a drainage system. It is laid out of bricks, blocks, or poured with concrete in the formwork. The top of the device is closed with a lid and covered with molten bitumen for sealing.
A ready-made septic tank can be purchased in a retail network, on Internet portals. Plastic containers are often used for this purpose, concrete rings... It is important to remember: removing water into drainage system the pipe must be laid at a depth of at least one and a half meters. The depth of the sewage system will avoid its freezing in winter period... The septic tank is cleaned at least once a year. Bottom sediments are converted into minerals, which are successfully used as fertilizer for the vegetable garden.
The filter well is installed with an insignificant water consumption - up to 1 m³. A sealed body is made, the bottom is filled with any loose filtering material: crushed stone, slag, gravel, grain screenings. A similar device is located at a distance of 50 m from the water intake. Its bottom is located at least one meter above the groundwater level.
It is advisable when arranging a sewage system for country house use modern technological materials. Here, pipes made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene are best suited. good quality... Such materials will serve for more than one decade, delighting the inhabitants of the house with their functionality, reliability, and trouble-free operation. If it is necessary to replace small parts, they can be easily changed without compromising the family budget.
Thus, the rhetorical question of how to make a sewage system in a private house or cottage with your own hands is an attractive topic that every real estate owner can do for himself, choosing the most optimal option from a variety of designs.
Having figured out the twists and turns of construction, having correctly installed the sewage system, the owner of the mansion will be able to independently solve all the issues that arise during the entire long period of its operation, without involving specialists from specialized companies for this.
It is difficult to call a private house comfortable if it is not equipped with a well-thought-out, well-functioning drainage system. It is as much a part of civilized existence as electricity, ventilation and heating. Environmental and efficiency requirements are imposed on such an important component of the home communications network; the drainage system of a private house should be simple to arrange and convenient to use.
Schematic diagram of the sewage system in a private house
One of the main issues of improvement is sewerage for a private house; how to design it correctly and what to focus on during installation will help you figure out the rules that have been tested empirically.
All houses located in the private sector are conventionally divided into two categories:
Houses with the ability to connect to the city (central) network. In most cases - the best option, with a long period of use and no problems with maintenance, unplanned waste and water quality control.
Houses in which connection to a centralized system is not possible. The fact that the city network is not available is not a reason to give up comfort. In such conditions, the sewerage system in a private house is reduced to an autonomous option, where water purification and waste disposal takes place in a locally installed treatment plant.
You can also combine sewer and drainage systems
The autonomous sewerage system includes:
Internal sewerage responsible for the collection of wastewater and their output to the outside. It includes internal wiring (piping system), as well as plumbing and household appliances.
Outdoor sewerage... Its elements are external piping and a water purification device (septic tank or autonomous sewage system).
The most suitable (in terms of performance) type of individual cleaning equipment is chosen, taking into account several factors:
seasonality of living in the house;
intensity of water use;
the size of the site, the type and structure of the soil;
groundwater level;
climatic conditions of the region.
The first stage of the sewerage installation is the development of a preliminary design scheme.
The sewerage scheme in a private house is tied to the plan of the house. It should contain the key elements of the system - a riser (if the building has more than one floor), pipe markings (internal wiring, corners and turns), water drain points.
When designing, it is important to remember that an overly complicated circuit will in the future cause problems during operation and repair.
Internal wiring is laid during the construction of the house. Its installation begins when the roof of the house and floors are installed, but Finishing work premises have not yet been fulfilled. The external sewage system is installed after internal system fully furnished. Below is a sewerage scheme for a private two-story house:
General scheme of internal sewerage in a two-story house
The procedure for drawing up the scheme:
All drawings are built to scale, the place of installation of the riser, the line for laying pipes, the number of drain points (connecting plumbing and household appliances) is applied to the plan.
The size of the riser is determined, the total length of the pipeline (taking into account the outlet) is calculated, the point of exit from the structure of the main riser.
In places of possible clogging, cleaning and revisions are provided.
A separate drawing is built for each floor.
The size and place of installation of the sewer pipe is calculated (in large sewer systems, it prevents the occurrence of a vacuum in the sewer pipe)
The external communications scheme is based on the same principle.
On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
About the sewage system with a fan pipe in the video:
The following categories of pipes are allowed by building codes:
Cast iron... Traditional (until recently) solution. Cast iron products are strong, corrosion resistant and durable. The disadvantage is the weight and roughness of the inner surface. The latter quality contributes to the formation of deposits and the appearance of blockages. The pipes are ideal for burial.
Plastic... They are lighter and cheaper than their cast iron counterparts, have a smooth surface, but are less durable. Pipes for in-house wiring are gray; for external use are made of orange plastic. The most popular options include:
Pipes from Pvc(polyvinyl chloride). Frost-resistant and wear-resistant, the main disadvantage is high hardness. They soften from high temperature and are mainly used in outdoor work.
Pipes from PP(polypropylene). Elastic, lightweight and durable. They are appreciated for their heat resistance (soften only at 140 ° C), therefore they are ideal for indoor use.
Plastic pipes for internal and external circuit
Less common ceramic and asbestos-cement analogs.
In practice, the installation of a sewage system in a private house in most cases is carried out using products made of polymer materials (plastic). The choice is due to the absence of corrosion (plastic is resistant to the aggressive environment of drains), and easy installation of structures.
The most time consuming part of the work is considered to be the sewerage system for a private house; how to carry it out correctly is indicated in the design and installation rules.
Elements of the sewerage system for a private house are mounted in parallel with the construction of the building. Holes for internal wiring are laid during the construction of walls, partitions and ceilings.
Sewerage installation technology provides for several types of pipes:
Sewer riser, diameter 100 mm.
Trunk (between the riser and the branch); diameter 70 mm.
Branch pipes (connected to a washbasin, bath, washing machine) - 50 mm.
Completed installation of the branch pipe
The spillway system inside the house is gravity (gravity). To avoid blockages, pipes are mounted with a slope, the value of which is controlled by the level and depends on the diameter. A sewer pipe with a diameter of 40-50 mm is given a slope of 30 mm per running meter, with a diameter of 100 mm - 20 mm.
Completed ceiling wiring
Horizontal wiring is performed using oblique tees and adapters (crosses) for connection. Turns are carried out using two knees with a smooth bend at an angle of 45 °; this arrangement reduces the risk of clogging. After each turn, revisions (cleaning) are provided. Right angles are only allowed in vertically positioned structures.
When a large number of drains enter the sewage system, the latter can completely fill the entire diameter of the pipe. At the same time, when the drains go down, an area of low atmospheric pressure(rarefaction), into which water from the siphon and air from the room are sucked in with characteristic sounds.
When the pressure is equalized, then without a water plug through the siphons, the smell from the sewer enters the room back into the room. To prevent the occurrence of a vacuum, a fan pipe is mounted with air valve- they are responsible for maintaining atmospheric pressure in all parts of the sewer system.
Features of the funnel pipe:
Designed and displayed 50-70 cm above the roof.
It is forbidden to combine it with a chimney or ventilation.
It is not placed near windows or balconies.
Outlet of the exhaust (fan) pipe through the roof
Installation of the outer part of the sewer system begins after determining the location of the septic tank.
The outlet (a connecting link between the external and internal sewers at the border of the room) is laid at the base of the house below the freezing point of the soil and is thermally insulated. If it was not foreseen during the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to drill a hole for the thermowell, 200-250 mm wider than the pipe diameter. Its edge should protrude 15 cm from each side of the foundation. The space between the sleeve and the outlet pipe is filled with foam.
Laying of external communications
It is reasonable to locate wet rooms (kitchen, bathroom) side by side and at the same time as close as possible to the central riser. This will help to shorten the length of the sewer lines to the riser, which will facilitate installation and further maintenance.
A voluminous project (pool, bath, sauna), additional plumbing means a large volume of drains. You will need a carefully designed water supply and drainage scheme, additional risers and septic tanks, pump connection.
Sewerage pipes in a private house can be placed under the floor, in the walls, or laid on top. A water seal is installed near the sink, in the shower and in the toilet, thanks to which extraneous odors cannot enter the premises.
It is inadmissible to arbitrarily change the slope. Its increase will lead to a deterioration in the self-cleaning of the system and the appearance of strong noises. When the slope decreases, the water flow slows down, which is fraught with blockage.
Slope control when laying sewers
The complex relief of the site creates additional problems for laying the pipeline with a slope. In this case, an axonometric diagram is built to determine the position of the sewer elements in space. If difficult places cannot be bypassed, the installation of a pump will be the solution.
Clearly about some of the nuances of the sewage system in the video:
A well-designed and organized sewerage system will help create the necessary minimum of comfort for the inhabitants of the house. The attraction of specialized specialists contributes to the achievement of this worthy goal. It doesn't matter whether it is a wooden house or a brick one - the principles of the system are the same everywhere.
Any private house without a connection to a central water supply and sewerage system does not provide an opportunity to enjoy such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, kitchen sink, washing machine and much more.
Sewerage in a private house can be equipped different ways... This will be discussed in this article.
Owners of private houses without a sewage system are forced to lay it on their own. If the system was originally incorporated into the project, then there will be no problems.
It is much more difficult to include a circuit in a finished house.
The easiest option is if the sink and shower are in the house, and the toilet is located nearby. In this case, you only need to bring the pipes to the drain pit.
When the toilet is located inside, technology should be followed. Even a slight violation of it can lead to contamination of the site and water. Septic tanks are required in this version.
Utility rooms are to be made nearby (bathroom, toilet, kitchen). It will greatly facilitate the organization of the sewerage system.
To create a diagram, you will need to answer a few questions.
Sewers are divided into two types:
A cesspool is rarely used in construction. It is used for houses with temporary residence, where there is no high water consumption.
Groundwater should run no higher than a meter from the bottom of the pit. Otherwise, pollution is guaranteed.
The accumulation system is used in private houses with high level groundwater. Due to the tightness of the structure, there is no risk of contamination of the site and water.
Disadvantages of this system. Calling the sewers and you will have to allocate a place for the equipment to enter the site.
Single chamber septic tanks functional are similar to a cesspool.
This option is well suited where the groundwater does not run high.
If the house is permanently resident and a lot of water is used, it is not recommended to install a single-chamber septic tank.
In order for the two-chamber septic tank to function efficiently, the natural filter (crushed stone and sand) should be changed every 5 years.
In houses with permanent residence the best system sewers are considered septic tanks with biological filters. They use microorganisms that contribute to the processing of waste. Usually these organisms are simply poured into the toilet.
The type of this sewage system requires connection to the electrical network.
Biological and soil cleaning is carried out septic tanks with filtration field... Such a sewage system can only be installed if the groundwater is deeper than three meters.
Installation will take up a lot of space. The nearest water source is at least 30 meters away.
Systems with forced air supply (aerotanks) offer significant advantages and fully justify the costs.
After installation, it is necessary to connect to the mains and constant human supervision.
Construction must take place according to an approved project. The project must have a scheme of internal and external sewerage wiring.
The internal sewerage system consists of risers, mains and a plumbing connection area (bath, sink, toilet, shower).
This system ends at the foundation level in the form of an outlet.
Arrangement of an external sewage system with your own hands, implies a diagram of a site with an external pipeline, storage or purification equipment.
After the approval of the project, you should proceed to the acquisition of the necessary equipment and select a sewer collector.
When building, rely on SNiP - this will help to avoid mistakes and correctly carry out the sewerage system in a private house.
An important issue in the construction of a sewage system is the choice of a place for a septic tank. Its location depends on:
The soil with a large amount of sand is loose, moisture easily permeable, the probability of groundwater contamination is high.
When installing septic tanks, it is necessary to comply with the norms.
It is necessary to leave the entrance for the sewage equipment.
On the internal sewerage scheme, it is necessary to select all points of the system.
If 90-degree turns are unavoidable, build it from two 45-degree angles.
The sump should be cleaned every 2-3 years.
From sewer pipe that comes out of the foundation to the septic tank, a line is laid. The installation of the pipeline is done at a mandatory slope, which will ensure the gravity of the liquid. The angle standard is 2 degrees.
The wider the pipe is in diameter, the smaller the angle of inclination.
The depth of the sewerage installation in a private house is determined by the index of soil freezing. On average, it is 1 meter. In colder regions, the depth should be increased to 1.5m. Before installation, the bottom of the trench is filled with sand and compacted well. This will help protect the line from destruction when the soil is displaced.
The ideal option is a direct pipeline from the house to the collector. For outdoor sewerage, pipes made of cast iron or plastic with a diameter of 110 mm are suitable.
The joints must be sealed. The trench with the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.
This system usually consists of three sections. Two of which are completely sealed (first and second sections). In the first section, heavy waste is deposited. In the second, light particles settle. In the third, the water is completely purified and enters the drainage well.
Such a system needs to be pumped out, but much less frequently than a conventional septic tank. Cleaning is carried out with a special pump for sewage.
When the sludge reaches the overflow point, cleaning is required.
To optimally choose the volume of a septic tank without pumping out, the formula is applied:
200l multiplied by the number of people, add 20% to the result.
Living in your home, there is always a desire to have the most Better conditions residence and precisely on the basis of this, it is necessary to think about carrying out a sewer system, an important difference is the ability to make your own autonomous sewage system.
If you run the sewage system yourself, you can save a considerable amount of money, but it is very important to correctly complete all construction work and comply with the necessary requirements. Taking into account the layout of the house, it is necessary to choose a sewerage scheme.
When designing a house, experts recommend providing small closets, which in the future should become a bathroom or a place for managing the entire sewer system. A smart solution would be to bring all the plumbing fixtures (sinks, showers, toilets, etc.) to one collector pipe.
When the house is large, it is best to introduce two or more cesspools when planning. With a multi-storey building and finding bathrooms at different levels, it is necessary to install risers.
Most of the work related to the construction and installation of sewerage systems ends with the installation of an external or internal sewerage system. Work inside the house is called work that involves the installation of pipes for the bathroom, shower, toilet, and so on.
Well, outdoor work includes everything that should be installed outside the house. For example, a pipe system (necessary to enter all sewage and completely clean the sewer pit).
Before the beginning construction works it is necessary to correctly calculate the sewerage system in order to ensure the highest quality work of the entire sewerage system.
So let's get started:
Let's roughly calculate how much water is spent on this or that action per day, and give the costs in the table.
Before making the calculation of the sewage system and its design, it is necessary to take into account General rules for sewerage in a private house.
Any sewage system must comply with the general building rules:
What the internal sewage system consists of:
What pipes can be used to build a home sewage system:
Types of cast iron pipes:
Characteristics of cast iron pipes:
Resistant to high and low temperature conditions, as well as to sudden changes in temperature;
Today there are many types of polypropylene pipes. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, characteristics and ease of use.
The internal structure of pipes is similar to cast iron pipes, but with one difference.- b reinforced and non-reinforced pipes. Unreinforced is best used for delivery cold water.
What is inside a polypropylene reinforced pipe: 
Let's take a closer look at several representatives of polypropylene:
Polyvinyl chloride – this is construction material,
having the following advantages:
Types of PVC pipes:
Benefits:
This is a sewerage system in a private house for the drainage and delivery of water.
External sewerage device:
A cesspool is very convenient for a private house, since there is no need to worry about cleaning it (all sewage is filtered and leaves the pit in the form of fertilizers). But, if the filtration devices are made incorrectly, then the drinking sources on the site can deteriorate.
How to avoid this:
Waste storage tank- this is a reservoir where all waste and sewage will be collected. The tank needs to be emptied every two weeks.
The simplest option soil cleaning - single chamber septic tank
A septic tank consisting of one chamber is practically a cesspool, the nose with one difference in shape, the septic tank is more reminiscent of a well, the bottom of which is densely covered with a sand-gravel layer.
Overflow settling wells - two-chamber septic tank
The storage of two chambers for waste collection consists directly of a well with a sealed bottom and a second well with a crushed stone bottom.
This is already a more serious system for water purification with a complex filtration system.
By itself, this septic tank consists of:
Septic tank structure with biofilter:
The structure of a septic tank for artificial cleaning:
The most popular sewerage option in a private house – this is an internal sewage system. She gained her popularity due to her simplicity. installation works, high operational properties and a democratic final price.
In view of the fact that the internal sewerage system is the most common, let us consider, using its example, how to make a sewerage system with our own hands.
It is best to first equip the sewage system inside the house. When designing, you need to think about the need for the location of all important premises. It is also very important to take into account the fact that in the toilet, pipes with a diameter of one hundred to one hundred and fifteen millimeters are used to remove water.
For gutters through which water will flow for the kitchen and bathroom, it is best to use PVC pipes or polypropylene pipes up to fifty millimeters in diameter.
Their advantages over cast iron pipes are as follows:
If the pipe is not in the form of a straight line, but bending, then the turns should be made of plastic elbows (they should be bent at an angle of forty-five degrees). Such an angle of inclination will allow in the future to prevent the formation of a blockage, which is not an easy task to eliminate.
It is important to know: before starting the installation work, the first thing you need to do is decide on the place where the main collector pipe will be located, and after that you can start.
But, before all this, you need to develop a sewer system diagram. To do this you will need:
The sewer pipe system can be connected by detachable and welding method.
It is best to install the riser in the toilet from – for a convenient location. The riser can be installed in an open and closed way.
Fan pipe – it's kind of a continuation of the boner; in simple words- this is a pipe that is brought out to the roof in an open way.
A pipe outlet is required for:
Sewer outlet Is a pipe system located under the foundation of the house.
To arrange the release, you will need:
When installing an external sewage system, remember the following:
External sewerage is divided into 2 main types:
As practice shows, the most difficult difficulty in installing the sewage system on your own is the laying of pipes. When doing all the work on your own, it is better to call a friend to your assistant, which in the future will have a beneficial effect on the speed and quality of work. It is also very important, before starting work on laying pipes, to make sure that the entire system installed by you is in good condition and only then start work.
Septic tank – it is one of the most important elements of treatment facilities. It is used for the complete purification of domestic and industrial water. The purpose of the septic tank is to collect waste water and purify it.
Sewerage in own home today it is quite a topical question, since without all the comforts in the house to which we modern people accustomed to (bathroom, toilet room, washing machine, dishwasher and much - much more), we no longer imagine our life with you.
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Sewer drains in the house must be collected and directed to the central sewer or to or to.
This task is performed by the piping system inside and outside the house - internal and external sewerage.
The sewer diagram shows two vertical pipes crossing the house from basement to roof - these are sewer risers, which collect drains from nearby sanitary appliances.
Waste from sanitary appliances is moved by gravity to sewer risers, and from there to horizontal drain pipes and further to the outlet of the external sewage system.
When developing a sewerage scheme, be guided by the following.
With a salvo discharge of water through the toilet, a portion of water filling all, or almost all, of the section of the sewer pipe, moving along the pipe, acts like a piston. A vacuum is created behind the water flow in the pipe, which, if there is no ventilation, sucks water from the siphons of sanitary appliances connected to the pipe downstream.
BUT pressure builds up ahead of the water flow, which pushes water out of the siphons of sanitary appliances connected upstream.
The effect of increasing the pressure in the pipe is usually less pronounced, since the sewer pipe in front usually has an open outlet at the end. Discharging in pipes with an incorrect sewerage system in the house often leads to the suction of water from the siphons of sanitary devices and odors in the house.
Similar processes in sewer pipes can occur:
When developing a sewerage scheme for a private house, the following rules are observed:
1. The toilet must have a separate connection to the riser. Do not connect other sanitary appliances to the pipe between the toilet bowl and the riser. Failure to comply with this rule may lead to the fact that when the toilet is flushed along the full section of the pipe, water will be sucked out of the siphons of other sanitary devices.
2. The connection to the riser on the floor of other sanitary devices should not be lower than the connection point of the toilet bowl. Otherwise, when flushing the toilet, waste water may appear in the drain hole of adjacent appliances.
Other sanitary appliances, besides the toilet, may have one common pipe to the riser.
3. When choosing the diameter of the pipes, they are guided by the rule - the diameter of the supply pipe to the riser should not be less than the diameter drain pipe sanitary appliance. If several devices are connected to one pipe of the supply line, then the diameter of the pipe is taken over the largest section of the branch pipe of the connected devices.
The diameter of the riser pipe should not be less than the diameter of the toilet drain pipe - 100 mm.; or 50 mm.- for a riser without a toilet.
4. The length of the supply pipe to the riser from the toilet should be no more than 1 m. The length of pipes for connections from other sanitary devices is not more than 3 m. For longer connections (up to 5 meters), it is necessary to increase the pipe diameter to 70-75 mm. Liners longer than 5 m made of pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm. It is not necessary to increase the diameter of the supply pipes if the upper ends of the supply pipes are ventilated using an aeration vacuum valve or by connecting the supply pipe to the ventilation pipe of the riser. The length of the piping to the toilet can be increased by ventilating the end connected to the toilet.
5. The slope of the pipes for effective self-cleaning should be within 2 - 15% (2 - 15 cm. per meter of length). The difference in height between the beginning and the end of the piping to the toilet should not exceed 1 m. For other connections - no more than 3 m. If the height difference is greater, then ventilation of the upper end of the liner is necessary.
6. Avoid the installation of corner fittings with an angle of 90 degrees on pipe bends. The angles of rotation and connection of pipes must be formed smooth, from standard parts with an angle of 135 degrees in the direction of the fluid flow.
7. Sewer pipes are laid with a bell in the direction - against the flow.
8. Be sure to perform ventilation of the risers. For this, the pipes of the risers are brought up, at least by 0.5 m. above the roof surface. Lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of a vacuum in the pipes when draining water, emptying the siphons of sanitary appliances and to the appearance of a sewage smell in the house and on the site. The ventilation of the sewer pipe should not be associated with ducts natural ventilation premises.
9. For ventilation of risers and connections, in the cases indicated above, an aeration vacuum valve is installed at the upper end of the room. The aeration valve only lets air into the inside of the pipe, but does not release gases outside. The operation of the valve prevents the formation of a vacuum in the pipe, which leads to the emptying of the siphons of sanitary devices. If an aeration valve is installed, it is not required to ventilate such a riser. But ventilation of at least one riser in the house should be done without fail.
10. It is necessary to provide for noise insulation of sewer risers. To do this, it is better to place the risers in the niches of the walls, cover them with a layer of mineral wool, and sheathe the niches with plasterboard.
11. The riser pipe at the floor level is rigidly fixed. On the floor, between the ceilings, the pipes are connected and fixed so as to ensure movement during thermal deformations. On the lower floor of the house, in an accessible place, a hatch is installed in the riser - an audit.
12. Horizontal pipes connecting the risers and the outlet of the external sewage system are laid in the basement of the house along the walls, in the ground under the floor. Every 15 m. and at each turn, a revision hatch is installed in the pipes.
13. The diameter of the horizontal pipes must be no less than the diameter of the riser pipes. The angles of rotation and connection of pipes are made at an angle of no more than 60 degrees. Pipes laid in the unheated part of the house are insulated.
It's dangerous to do that! A horizontal groove in the wall for sewer pipes reduces the strength of the walls. The possibility of arranging a horizontal groove in the wall must be confirmed by the calculation of the designer. A device for laying sewer pipes of a vertical niche in the wall, for the entire height of the floor, or a horizontal groove, leads to a weakening of the strength of the wall. You should not make niches and grooves anywhere, at your own peril and risk. Niches and grooves with a depth of more than 3 cm. for laying communications in the walls should be provided for in the project of the house.
It is allowed, without agreement with the designer, to arrange vertical grooves in the lower part of the wall to a height of no more than 1/3 of the floor height.
Sewerage outlet - the outer section of the pipe from the house, is connected to the well of the central sewerage system of the village (if any), or to a drainless storage septic tank for the removal of wastewater by a sewage machine, or to a septic tank of local treatment facilities at the site.
Outside, directly near the house, it is recommended to install a revision well on the exhaust pipe. It is recommended to install in the well in the pipe check valve... The valve will prevent flooding of the underground part of the building (for example, when a septic tank is overflowing) and prevent rodents from entering the house through the sewer pipes.
The outer pipe at the exit from the inspection well is connected to the central sewerage system or to a septic tank autonomous system sewerage of a private house.
The outer pipe to the septic tank is laid with a slope of 2.5 - 3%, at a depth of about 0.4 m. If the length of the release is more than 5 m., then the pipe is insulated along its entire length with a shell made of polystyrene or extruded polystyrene foam.
The outlet pipe should not be buried.- otherwise, this will lead to the need to install a septic tank at a great depth, which will cost more and complicate the operation of the septic tank.
The drain pipe of each sanitary device is connected to the supply pipe through a siphon. The siphon is a U-shaped elbow, in the lower part of which there is always a layer of drained liquid.
Some sanitary appliances, such as the toilet, have a built-in siphon. A layer of water in the siphon serves as a barrier for gases, preventing them from escaping from the sewer pipe into the room.
The siphon of a sanitary device may not be filled with water and let gases into the room in the following cases:
The drains move in the sewer pipes by gravity, due to the laying of pipes with a slope.
However, situations sometimes arise in the house when it is difficult to create the necessary slope of pipes from sanitary appliances. For example, if a sanitary room is installed in the basement of a house. Or it is necessary to move the drains a considerable distance (from the bath), but the required pipe slope cannot be created.
A fecal pump with a chopper is attached to the toilet. The pump receives waste water from the washbasin. To receive and forcibly move wastewater, special electric fecal pumps are installed. The fecal pump has a device for crushing the contents of the effluents and pumping them into the upper pipes of the sewer system.
A pump for forced movement of wastewater is installed after each sanitary device or for pumping wastewater from a group of closely located sanitary devices.
The fecal pump can lift wastewater to a height of 10 meters and move it by several tens of meters.
Air supply to sewer pipes for ventilation occurs through the open end of the pipe in a septic tank or a receiving well of the central sewerage system. The outlet of the sewer pipe, through which the waste flows from the house to the septic tank, should always be above the level of drains in it.
About the processes occurring during the movement of sewage through sewer pipes, about the device and correct application aeration valve watch this video:
What to do with drains in a private house if there is no central sewerage system nearby ?!
There are two drainage options- drainage of waste water from a private house:
The first method provides the lowest construction cost sewage systems, but the annual operating costs (waste disposal) can be significant.
Sewerage option with local treatment facilities is more costly during construction, but can provide lower running costs for system maintenance.
In local treatment facilities, a biological method of purifying wastewater from pollution is used. Wastewater treatment is carried out by microorganisms capable of decomposing organic pollution. The main task of biological treatment is to remove organic substances from wastewater. Biochemical reactions occurring in the process of biological treatment partially remove from the effluent and many chemical elements, reducing their concentration in the wastewater.
Distinguish anaerobic(bacteria without oxygen access) and aerobic(bacteria in the presence of oxygen) biological treatment processes.
For wastewater treatment of a private house, use:
First option, anaerobic septic tank with drainage into the ground, as a rule, cheaper in design and operation. Here, in the treatment facilities, conditions are created for the vital activity of microorganisms that are close to natural. A simple device ensures long-term and reliable operation of the sewage system.
The second option with an active septic tank- more expensive and more difficult to operate. An active septic tank is a high-tech factory-made apparatus, in which artificial conditions are created for the vital activity of aerobic microorganisms, which significantly speeds up the cleaning process.
Sewerage of a private house with an active septic tank provides the highest degree of wastewater treatment. Treated wastewater from an active septic tank is directed into the ground through the drainage system. With waterproof soils on the site, the drains are discharged onto the relief, into a ditch.
An active septic tank requires an electrical connection, does not tolerate long interruptions in the supply of drains, is sensitive to power outages, needs constant monitoring of work, as well as timely repair and maintenance.
Advantages - small dimensions, quick installation, independence from soil conditions on the site. For an economy-class house, it makes sense to use an active septic tank when there is not enough space on the site for placing a ground filter drainage or with a high groundwater level.
Autonomous sewage system Topas is an effective and rational solution for the private sector, country and summer cottages, where there is a connection to central system sewage is impossible. Many consumers have already appreciated the presented system and characterize it from the best side, but what is it?
Septic tank Topas is a system of accumulation and treatment of waste water, as a result of which the purest industrial water... The range of such devices is very wide - each buyer can choose the optimal product that can serve both a separate private house and a small cottage village.
In the production of Topas septic tanks, expanded polypropylene is used; additionally, the storage chambers are equipped with stiffening ribs. This production technology allows you to achieve following parameters devices:
Let's note some advantages autonomous sewerage:
It is worth noting and cons of the system, although it is difficult to call it cons:
The principle of operation of an autonomous sewage system can be divided into several stages:
Any model of Topas septic tank is equipped with detailed instructions manual, but let's highlight a few rules that must be followed:
The installation of an autonomous sewage system will not bring any particular difficulties, the whole process is divided into several stages:
When choosing a septic tank Topas, the following factors should be considered:
Any model of the Topas septic tank will last a long time, subject to the rules of operation and installation. It is worth contacting professionals who will not only quickly and competently provide all services for the selection, installation of an autonomous station, but also provide warranty obligations for all installation work.
How to make an anaerobic septic tank and ground treatment facilities for autonomous sewage in a private house with your own hands
