Heat acupuncture for heating boilers
We continue our cycle of articles theme, which will be interesting to those who drive their housing with solid fuel boilers. We will tell about the heat accumulator for heating boilers (TA) on solid fuel. This is a really necessary device that allows you to balance the operation of the contour, smooth the temperature of the coolant temperature and save. Immediately, we note that the heat accumulator for the electricotes of heating is applied only if the house has a power meter with a separate counting of night and day energy. Otherwise, the installation of the heat accumulator for gas boilers of heating does not make any sense.
The heat accelerator for heating boilers is part of the heating system, intended to increase the time between downloads. solid fuel in the boiler. It is a reservoir in which there is no air access. It is insulated and has a fairly large volume. In the thermal battery for heating there is always water, it also circulates all over the contour. Of course, an unimagressive fluid can be as a coolant, but still because of its high cost in contours, it is not used.
In addition, in filling the heating system with a heat accelerator, antifreeze makes no sense, since such tanks are put in residential areas. And the essence of their use is that the temperature in the circuit is always stable, and, accordingly, water in the system is warm. The use of a large thermal battery for heating in the country houses of temporary accommodation is inappropriate, and there is little sense from a small tank. This is due to the principle of the operation of the heat accumulator for the heating system.
Although the heat battery for the heating system is a single vessel, due to its large sizes, the flow direction at the top and in the bottom are different.
To perform its main heat accumulation function, these streams need to be mixed. The difficulty lies in the fact that the high temperature always rises, and the cold seeks to go down. It is necessary to create such conditions so that part of the heat falls to the bottom of the thermal battery in the heating system and heated the coolant of the return. If the temperature was leveled throughout the tank, then it is considered fully charged.
After the boiler fell out all that he was loaded into him, he stops working and the one comes into business. The circulation continues and it gradually gives its heat through radiators into the room. All this happens until the next portion of fuel arrives in the boiler again.
If the heat drive for heating is small, then its stock is enough for a while, while the heating time of the batteries increases, since the volume of the coolant in the circuit has become more. Cons use for temporary residence homes:
How do you understand filling the system and drop water every time you come to your cottage at least troublesome. Considering that only the tank will be a liter of 300. For the sake of several days a week, it is meaningless to take such measures.
Additional contours are embedded in the reservoir - these are metal pipe spirals. The liquid into the helix does not have direct contact with the heat carrier in the heat accumulator for home heating. It may be contours:
Thus, even the most primitive single-mounted boiler or even the stove can become a universal heater. It will provide the whole house with the necessary warmth and hot water At the same time. Accordingly, the performance of the heater will be fully used.
In serial models made in production conditions, Additional heating sources are embedded. It is also spiral, only they are called electric fan. They are often somewhat and they can work from different sources:
Such a heating is applied to additional options and is not mandatory, consider this if you decide to make a heat-acupuncture for heating with your own hands.
We dare to assume that if you are interested in this article, then most likely decided to make a thermal battery for heating and his strapping with their own hands. Connection schemes can be invented a lot, the main thing is that everything worked. If you correctly understand the processes occurring in the circuit, you can easily experiment. The way you connect to the boiler will affect the work of the entire system. Let's first select the most simple heating scheme with a heat accumulator.
Simple strapping scheme
In the figure you see the direction of the movement of the coolant. Note that the movement is prohibited. That this does not happen, the pump between that and the boiler should pump a greater amount of heat carrier than the one that stands before the reservoir. Only in this case will be a sufficient retractor force, which will take part of the heat from the feed. The minus of such a connection scheme is a long heating of the contour. To cut it, you need to create a boiler warm-up ring. You can see it in the following scheme.
Scheme of strapping Ta with a boiler warming up
The essence of the heating circuit lies in the fact that the thermostat does not mix the water from that until the boiler warms it to a set level. When the boiler was laughed, the portion of the feed goes into the one, and the part is mixed with the coolant from the reservoir and enters the boiler. Thus, the heater always works with the already heated fluid, which increases its efficiency and the heating time of the contour. That is, the batteries will become warm faster.
This method of installation of the heat accumulator in the heating system allows you to use the contour offline when the pump does not work. Note that the diagram shows only the connection nodes to the boiler. Circulation of the coolant to radiators occurs in another colutor, which also passes through the one. The presence of two bypass allows you to be reinsured twice:
In principle, some simplifications can be made in such a design. Given the fact that the reverse valve has a high stream resistance, it can be excluded from the scheme.
Scheme of the strapping of that without check valve for the gravitational system
At the same time, when the light disappears, you will need to manually open the ball valve. It should be said that with such a wiring, it must be higher than the level of radiators. If you do not plan that the system will work as a gravity, then the strapping of the heating system with a heat acceumator can be performed according to the scheme specified below.
Scheme of strapping Ta for contour with forced circulation
In that, the correct movement of water is created, which allows the ball behind the ball, starting with the top, warm it up. Perhaps the question will arise what to do if there is no light? We talked about this in the article about . It will be economical and more convenient. After all, gravitational contours are performed from large cross-section pipes, besides, not always comfortable slopes must be observed. If you calculate the price of pipes and fittings, weigh all the inconvenience of installation and compare it all with the UPS price, the idea of \u200b\u200binstalling an alternative power supply will be very attractive.
Heating heat accumulator
As we have already mentioned that small volume it is impractical, while too large tanks are also not always appropriate. So there is a question about how to calculate the necessary volume of that. I really want to give a specific answer, but unfortunately, it can not be. Although the approximate calculation of the heat accumulator for heating is still there. Suppose you do not know which heat loss of your home and you cannot recognize, for example, if it is not yet built. By the way, to shorten the heat loss, you need . You can choose a tank based on two quantities:
Methods for calculating the volume: area of \u200b\u200broom x 4 or boiler power X 25.
These two characteristics are determining. Different sources offer their own method of calculation, but in fact these two methods are closely interrelated. Suppose we decided to calculate the volume of the heatacumulator for heating, pushing out from the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. To do this, you need to multiply the quadrature of the heated room to four. For example, if we have little house In 100 m square, it will take a tank of 400 liters. This volume will reduce boiler loading up to two times a day.
Undoubtedly, and so there are pyrolysis boilers in which fuel is laid twice a day, only in this case the principle of operation is slightly different:
In this case, when the fuel flashes, the temperature in the circuit begins to increase intensively, and then the drainage supports warm water. During this very radiance, much energy is disappeared into the pipe. In addition, if a solid fuel boiler works in a tandem with a leakage of heating system, then at peak temperature, the expansion tank sometimes boats. In it, in the literal sense, the water begins to boil water. If the pipes are made of polymers, then it is simply detrimental to them.
In one of the articles, it takes part of the heat and the tank can boil only after the reservoir charges completely. That is, the possibility of boiling, with the right volume, tends to nul.
Now let's try to calculate the volume of the case, based on the number of kilowatts in the heater. By the way, this indicator is calculated on the basis of the square of the room. 1 kW is taken on 10 m. It turns out that the house of 100 md should stand the boiler at least 10 kilowatt. Since the calculation is always done with a reserve, it can be assumed that in our case a 15 kilowatt unit will stand.
If you do not take into account the amount of heat carrier in radiators and pipes, then one kilowatt of the boiler can heat approximately 25 liters of water in the one. Therefore, the calculation will be appropriate: you need to multiply the boiler power to 25. As a result we will get 375 liters. If we compare with the previous calculation, the results are very close. Only this is the meaning that the power of the boiler will be calculated with the gap at least 50%.
Remember, the more the better. But in this matter, as in any other, you need to do without fanaticism. If you put that two thousand liters, then the heater simply cannot cope with this volume. Be objective.
Lack of ability to use as a source of energy for heating housing a relatively inexpensive natural gas forces the owners of houses to search for other acceptable solutions. So, in the regions where there are no special problems with the preparation or purchase of firewood, solid fuel boilers come to the rescue. It also happens that electrical energy becomes the only alternative. In addition, new technologies are increasingly used, allowing the energy of solar radiation into the needs of heating.
All these approaches are not deprived of significant drawbacks. So, they include unevenness, expressed periodicity of the flow of thermal energy. In the case of an electric boiler, the main negative factor will be the high cost of consumed energy. Obviously, it is essential to significantly raise the economy of the heating system, improve the efficiency, uniformity of its work, would make the most simplified operational operations would have helped the inclusion in the general scheme of a special device that would accumulate unclaimed at the current moment thermal energy and give it as needed. It is such a function that performs the heat accumulator for.
It turns out that during the peak heat generation period, it may remain unclaimed, since the system-equipped, equipped with thermostatic regulation, the superfluous heating system will not take. But during the flow of fuel and, moreover, the idle of the heat energy boiler will obviously lack. As a result, part of the fuel potential is consumed simply wasted, but at the same time the owners have to often do the loading of firewood.
To a certain degree, the severity of this problem can be reduced by installing a long-burning boiler, but completely removed - it does not work. The discrepancy of the peaks of heat generation and its consumption can remain substantially.
Benefits of using differentiated electricity billing
With a competent approach to electricity consumption, preferential rates can bring very tangible savings. This is described in detail in a special publication of the portal dedicated to.
It suggests an obvious decision - to accumulate thermal energy at night to achieve minimal consumption for it.
Do not compare the peaks of heating in a bright sunny day or in cloudy weather. It is clear that it is impossible to directly put your heating system to the dependence on the current "whims" - no way, but also you also do not want to neglect such a powerful additional source. Obviously, some buffer device is required.
These three examples, with all their diverseness, unites one general circumstance - Explicit discrepancy of peaks of heat energy generation with rational uniformly use for the needs of heating. To eliminate this imbalance and serves a special device, called the heataccumulator (thermal storage, buffer capacity).
hAJDU heat acupuncture
The principle of its action is based on a high water heat capacity. If there is a significant amount of it in the period of peak receipt of thermal energy to heat up to the required level, then within a certain period, it is possible to use this accumulated energy potential for the needs of heating. For example, if you compare the thermophysical indicators, then only one liter of water when cooled at 1 ° C is able to warm up the cubic meter of air by as much as 4 ° C.
The thermal battery is always a volumetric tank with effective external thermal insulation connected to the contour (contours) of the heat source and heating circuits. The simplest scheme is better to consider on the example:
The simplest heat acceumor design (TA) is a vertically located volumetric tank, in which four pipes are embedded from two opposite sides. On the one hand, it is connected to the contour (CTT), and on the other - to the divible contour of heating.
After loading and ignition boiler circulation pump (NK) of this circuit begins to pump the coolant (water) through the heat exchanger. From the bottom part, the cooled water comes to the boiler, and the top arrives in the boiler. Due to the essential difference in the density of the cooled and hot water Its active mixing in the tank will not be - in the process of combustion of the fuel laying, a gradual filling of that hot heat carrier will occur. As a result, with the correct calculation of the parameters, after complete extension of the laid fuel, the container will be filled with hot water heated to the current level. All the potential fuel energy (minus, of course, inevitable losses reflected in the efficiency of the boiler) is transformed into thermal, which is accumulated in the one. High-quality thermal insulation allows you to keep the temperature in the tank for many hours, and sometimes even - and days.
The second stage - the boiler does not work, but the heating system is functioning. With the help of its own circulation pump, the heating circuit takes place the coolant for pipes and radiators. The fence is made from above, from the "hot" zone. Intensive self-mixing is again not observed - according to the reason already mentioned, and hot water flows into the feed pipe, the cooled is returned from below, and the tank gradually gives its heating in the bottom upward direction.
In practice, in the process of firebox of the boiler, the selection of the coolant into the heating system, as a rule, does not stop, and that will accumulate only excess energy, which currently remains unclaimed. But with the correct calculation of the parameters of the buffer tank, no kilowatt of thermal energy should abdicate the gift, and by the end of the boiler firebox cycle, there must be maximally "charged".
It is clear that the cyclicity of such a system with an installed electric boiler will be tied to preferential night rates. The control unit timer will turn on and turn off the power within the deadline in the evening and in the morning, and during the day the heating contours will be powered only (or mainly) from the heat accumulator.
So, the heat accumulator is always a volumetric tank of vertical cylindrical design having highly efficient thermal insulation and equipped with nozzle to connect heat generation circuits and consumption. But the inner design may vary. Consider the main types of existing models.
1 – The easiest type of construction is. It is implied direct connection and sources of heat, and consumption circuits. Such buffer containers are used in the following cases:
In the case when the requirement is not possible, the connection of heating circuits can be made through additional external heat exchangers
However, this requirement may also be coincide with the installation on the contours requiring a lower temperature pressure, mixing nodes with three-axis cranes.
2 – The heat accumulator is equipped with an internal heat exchanger located at the bottom of the tank. The heat exchanger is usually a spiral, a steep stainless pipe, conventional or corrugated. Such heat exchangers can be several.
This type of type is applied in the following cases:
In contrast to the first scheme, this is characteristic of the active mixing of the coolant in the tank - the heating occurs in its lower part, and less dense hot water tends up.
The scheme in the center of the hectare shows a magnesium anode. Due to the lower electropotential, he "pulls" the ions of heavy salts, not allowing the ingrowth of the inner walls of the tank. Subject to periodic replacement.
3 – The heat accumulator is supplemented with a flowway contour of hot water supply. The intake of cold water is carried out from below, the supply to the point of hot water treatment, respectively, from the bottom. Most of the heat exchanger is located at the top of the same.
Such a scheme is considered optimal for the conditions when the consumption of hot water is characterized by sufficient stability and uniformity, without pronounced peak loads. Naturally, the heat exchanger must be performed from a metal that meets food water consumption.
The rest of the departure scheme from the first, with direct connection of heat generation circuits and consumption.
4 – Inside the heat accumulator is placed a tank to create a reserve of hot water for household consumption. In fact, this scheme resembles a built-in boiler of indirect heating.
The use of such a design is fully justified in cases where the peak of heat generating the boiler does not coincide with the peak of the consumption of hot water. In other words, when the household structure established in the house assumes a massive, but rather non-losing spending of hot water.
All listed schemes can vary in various combinations - the choice of a specific model depends on the complexity of the heating system being created, the number and type of body sources and consumption circuits. Please note, in most heat accumulators there are many outleached pipes separated vertically.
The fact is that with any scheme inside the buffer container, a temperature gradient is formed anyway (the difference in the temperature pressure in height). The ability to connect the contours of the heating system, requiring different temperature modes. This significantly facilitates the final thermostatic regulation of heat exchange devices (radiators or "warm floors"), with minimal unnecessary energy losses and a reduction in the load on regulatory devices.
Now you can consider the main schemes for the installation of heat accumulators into the heating system.
| Illustration | Short description of the scheme |
|---|---|
 | Temperature and pressure are the same in the boiler and in the heating circuits. Requirements for the coincidence coincide. At the outlet of the boiler and the constant temperature is maintained. On the heat transfer devices, the adjustment is limited only to a quantitative change in the coolant passing through them. |
 | Connection in the heataccumulator itself, in principle, repeats the first scheme, but the adjustment of the operation modes of heat exchange devices is carried out according to a qualitative principle - with a change in the temperature of the coolant. To do this, the scheme includes thermostatic mixing nodes, such as three-way valves. Such a scheme allows the most rational to use the potential accumulated heat accumulator, that is, its "charge" is enough for a longer time. |
 | Such a scheme, with the circulation of the coolant in a small boiler circuit through a built-in heat exchanger, it is used when the pressure in this circuit exceeds the allowable heating device or in the buffer container. The second option is in the boiler and in the contours of heating used different coolants. |
 | Source conditions are similar to Scheme No. 3, but an external heat exchanger is applied. Possible causes of this approach: - The area of \u200b\u200bheat exchange of the built-in "coil" is not enough to maintain the desired temperature in the bodycumulator. - Previously, she was already purchased without an internal heat alone, and the modernization of the heating system demanded that such an approach. |
 | Scheme with a flow chart with hot water through a built-in spiral heat exchanger. Designed for uniform consumption of hot water, without peak loads. |
 | Such a scheme, using a heat accumulator with a built-in tank, is designed for peak consumption of hot water, but not distinguished by high positivity. After spending the created stock and, accordingly, filling the capacity cold waterThe heating to the desired temperature may take quite a long time. |
 | Bivalent scheme that allows you to use an additional source of thermal energy in the heating system. In this case, the option with connecting the solar collector is simplified. This circuit is connected to the heat exchanger at the bottom of the heat accumulator. Usually, a similar system is calculated in such a way that it is the main source that is the solar collector, and the boiler turns on as needed, for firing, with malnutrition from the main one. The solar collector, of course, is not a dogma - there may be the second boiler in its place. |
 | A diagram that can be called multivalent. In this case, the use of three sources of thermal energy is shown. The role of high temperature is the boiler, which, again, can play only a supporting role in general scheme Heating. Solar collector - by analogy with the previous scheme. In addition, another low-temperature source is used, which, at the same time, is distinguished by stability and independence from weather and time of day - geothermal thermal pump. The smaller the temperature pressure from the connected energy source, the lower the place of its connection to the heat accumulator. |
Of course, the schemes are given in a very simplistic form. But in fact connecting the heat accumulator in complex, branched systems, with different heating contours, and also getting heating from sources of different power and temperature requires highly professional design with engineering heat engineering calculationsusing multiple additional adjustment devices.
One example is shown in Figure:
1 - a solid fuel boiler.
2 - electric boiler, which is included only as necessary and only during the period of the preferential tariff.
3 - a special mixing unit in the high-temperature boiler circuit.
4 - Helio Station, Solar collector, which in dwells can perform the role of the main source of thermal energy.
5 is a heat accumulator to which all the contours of heat generation and its consumption are converging.
6 is a high-temperature heating circuit with radiators, with adjustable modes on a quantitative principle - only using shut-off valves.
7 - Low-temperature heating circuit - "Warm floor", in which the quality control of the heat carrier heating temperature is necessarily provided.
8 - Flowing contour of hot water supply, equipped with its own mixing node For high-quality control of household hot water.
In addition to the listed, in the heat accumulator can be built on own electric heaters - Tanes. Sometimes it is advantageous to maintain with their help specified temperature, without resorting, for example, once again to the non-planning extractor of a solid fuel boiler.
Special Additional Tanes can be purchased separately - their mounting thread is usually adapted to the connection jacks available on many thermal batteries. Naturally, the connection of the heating electricity will require the installation of an additional thermostatic unit, which will ensure the inclusion of the Tan only when the temperature drops in that below the user-defined level. Some heaters are already equipped with a built-in similar type.
S-TANK heat accelerator
Of course, the selection of the heat accumulator is recommended to be held at the stage of designing the home heating system, guided by the calculated data of specialists. Nevertheless, circumstances are different, and know the main criteria for evaluating such a device - still need.
The installation of the thermal battery implies compliance with certain rules:
As mentioned above, the comprehensive calculation of the heating system with several contours of developing and consuming thermal energy is the task, is only specialists, as you have to take into account a lot of versatile factors. But certain calculations can be carried out on their own.
For example, in the house installed. It is known for its power generated by full fuel loading. An experimental way was determined by the combustion time of full wood laying. It is planned to purchase a heat accumulator, and it is necessary to determine which volume will be required to ensure that it is guaranteed to use all the heat generated by the boiler.
As a basis, take the famous formula:
W \u003d m × s × Δt
W. - the amount of heat required to heat the mass of the liquid ( m.) with a known heat capacity ( from) on a certain number of degrees ( Δt.).
From here it is easy to calculate the mass:
m \u003d w / (with × Δt)
It will not hurt to take the CPD of the boiler ( k.), since the loss of energy is somehow inevitable.
W \u003d K. × m × s Δt, or
m \u003d w / (k × s × Δt)
Now we deal with each of the values:
It can be determined as the difference of energy values \u200b\u200bdeveloped during the combustion of the fuel laying and spent in the same period on the heating of the house.
The maximum boiler power is usually known - this is a passport value designed for optimal solid fuel waters. It shows the amount of thermal energy produced by a boiler per unit of time, for example, 20 kW.
Any owner always knows exactly for what time it burns the fuel laying. Suppose it will be 2.5 hours.
Next, you need to know how much energy at this time can be spent on home heating. In a word, it is necessary to value the need for a specific building in thermal energy to ensure comfortable living conditions.
This calculation, if the value of the required power is unknown, can be made independently - for this there is a convenient algorithm given in a special publication of our portal.
How to independently spend a thermal calculation for your own home?
Information on the number of necessary thermal energy for home heating is quite often in demand - when choosing equipment, alignment of radiators, when conducting insulation. With the calculation algorithm, which includes a convenient calculator, the reader may get acquainted by opening the publication on the link on the reference.
For example, 8.5 kW of energy per hour is required for home heating. So, for 2.5 hours of combustion of the fuel laying will be obtained:
20 × 2.5 \u003d 50 kW
During the same period, it will be spent:
8.5 × 2.5 \u003d 21.5 kW
W \u003d 50 - 21.5 \u003d 28.5 kW
Suppose that this value is equal
Δt \u003d 85 - 60 \u003d 35 ° C
So, all values \u200b\u200bare known, and it remains only to substitute them in the formula:
m \u003d 28500 / (0.8 × 1,164 × 35) \u003d 874.45 kg.
The same approach can be applied in the event that the volume of the heat accumulator connected to. The only difference is not to calculate the calculation of the firebox, but the time interval of the preferential tariff, for example, from 23.00 to 6.00 \u003d 7 hours. To "unify" this amount, it can be called, for example, the "boiler activity period".
To simplify the reader to the task, the special calculator is located below, which will allow you to quickly calculate the recommended volume of the thermal battery for the ongoing (planned to install) of the boiler.
The heat accumulator (TA, buffer capacity) is a device that provides the accumulation and maintenance of heat for a long time for its further use. The simplest example of heat drive is the usual household thermos. As another example, a conventional brick furnace can be called, which heats up with fuel in it, and after the end of the furnace, the oven continues to give heat, heating the room.
Using a buffer capacity in heating and hot water systems provides uninterrupted flow of heated heat carrier to heating devices
Regardless of whether the boiler works at the moment or not.
The thermal battery also allows you to improve the efficiency of the entire system, increase the resource of the equipment and significantly reduce the consumption of energy resources on the heating of rooms and the DHW.
The greatest effect of the use of that is noticeable in a system operating on the basis of a solid fuel heating boiler. This allows you to achieve significant fuel economy (up to 25-30%) and increase the efficiency of the boiler to 85%.
You can purchase a finished tank battery in the store or make it yourself. It is important to correctly calculate its capacity and other technical parameters, as well as connect the buffer drive to the heating system correctly.
In this article:
Battery drawing
The main element of anyone is a thermoaccumulating material with a high heat capacity.
Depending on the type of material used, heat accumulators for the boiler can be:
For heating and hot water supply of private houses, hot water tank batteries are used, where it is water with a high specific heat capacity as a thermoaccumulating element.
Instead of water, it is sometimes used, designed for home heating systems.
An example of a water-based water supply with an additional electric heating element for a hot water system can serve as a modern accumulative water heater.
The usual thermal energy battery is a sealed metallic tank of various volumes (from 200 to 5000 liters and more), as a rule, cylindrical formenclosed in the outer shell (body).
Between the tank and the outer shell there is a insulating layer of thermal insulating material.
In the upper and lower part of the tank there are two nozzles for connecting to the heating boiler and to the heating itself.
In the bottom unit, a drainage crane for draining liquid is usually located, and on top there is a safety valve for automatic air booming while increasing the pressure inside the buffer tank. There may also be flanges to connect pressure and temperature sensors (thermometer).
Tubular electric heaters
Sometimes inside a buffer container one or more additional heaters can be installed of various types:
The main task of these heaters is to maintain the necessary temperature of heating the working fluid inside the one.
Also inside the tank, the heat exchanger of the DHW can be located, providing hot water due to its heating of the heating system with the working fluid.
Heating circuit with heat accumulator
The principle of operation that for a solid fuel boiler is based on a high specific capacity of the working fluid (water or antifreeze). Due to the connection of the tank, the volume of the liquid increases several times, as a result of which the inertia of the system increases.
At the same time, the cooler heated to the boiler retains its temperature for a long time, acting as needed to the heating instruments.
This ensures the continuous operation of the heating system even when the fuel burning in the boiler.
Consider the operation of the system with solid fuel boiler and forced coolant feed.
To start the system, the circulation pump is included, installed in the pipeline between the boiler and the heatacumulator.
Cold working fluid from the bottom of the Ta is fed to the boiler, heats up in it and enters its upper part.
Due to the fact that the proportion of hot water is less, it is practically not mixed with cold water and remains in the upper part of the buffer capacity, gradually filling it inner space Due to the selection of cold water in the boiler.
When the circulation pump installed in the reverse line of the system between the heating devices and the battery tank, the cold coolant begins to flow into the lower part of the one, outering hot water from its upper part into the feeding line.
At the same time, the hot working fluid comes to all the heating devices.
The required amount of heat for heating rooms can be automatically adjusted to the temperature sensor of the temperature, which controls the operation of the three-way valve installed at the output of the TA in the feed line. When the target temperature is reached in the room, the sensor displays the control signal to the valve that works and limits the supply of hot heat carrier to the system, redirecting it back to that.
After combustion of fuel in the boiler, the hot coolant from the accumulating capacity continues to flow into the system as needed until the cooled working fluid from the return highway fails to fully fill its internal volume.
DHW circuit with battery tank
Opening time Ta With a non-working boiler, it can make a sufficient time. It depends on the temperature of the outer air, the volume of the buffer tank and the number of heating devices in the heating system.
To preserve heat inside the heat accumulator, the tank is insulated.
Also, additional heat sources may also be used in the form of embedded electric heaters (TANDS) and / or coolants (coils) connected to other heat sources (electrical and gas boilers, solar collector, etc.).
The heat carrier integrated into the tank provides heating of cold water supplied through it from the plumbing system. Thus, he plays a role flowing water heater, providing the needs of the hosts of the house in hot water.
By general rule The buffer container is connected to the heating system parallel to the heating boiler, so this scheme is also called the boiler.
Let us give the usual connection scheme to the system of heating with a solid fuel heating boiler (to simplify the scheme, shut-off valves, automatic, control devices and other equipment) are not specified on it.
Simplified heat accumulator strapping scheme
The following elements are indicated in this scheme:
One of the upper tank pipes (pos. 2) is joined by the boiler outlet (pos. 1), and the second is directly to the feeding line of the heating system.
One of the lower pipes is connected to the input of the boiler, while the pump is installed in the pipeline between them (Pos.4), which provides the circulation of the working fluid in a circle from the boiler to the same and vice versa.
The second lower pipe is connected to the return highway of the heating system, in which the pump is also installed (pos. 5), which provides the flow of heated coolant to heating devices.
To ensure the operation of the heating system with a sudden disconnection of the electricity or the output of circulation pumps, they are usually connected parallel to the main line.
In systems with natural circulation of the coolant, circulation pumps (pos. 4 and 5) are absent. This significantly increases the inertia of the system, and at the same time makes it completely non-volatile.
Heat exchanger for GVS. (pos. 6) is located at the top of the one.
The location of the additional heating heat exchanger (pos. 7) depends on the type of source of the incoming heat:
The heat exchangers indicated in the scheme are not mandatory (pos. 6 and 7).
Selection of heat drive for heating
When choosing a thermal battery for individual home heating, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the tank and its technical parameters that must correspond to the parameters of the boiler and the entire heating system.
To them, in particular, belong:
1. Overhead sizes and weight Devices that must ensure the possibility of its installation. In the case when it is impossible to find appropriate place In a house for a tank with the desired capacity, a replacement of one tank is allowed into several buffer tanks with a smaller size.
2. Maximum pressure Working fluid in the heating system. From this value, the form of the buffer container and the thickness of its walls depends. With a pressure of up to 3 bar, the tank shape does not matter, but with a possible increase in this value up to 4-6 bar, it is necessary to use the tanks of the toroidal shape (with spherical covers).
3. Maximum allowable temperature The working fluid on which the one is designed.
4. Material Accumulatory tank for heating system. Usually they are made of carbon soft steel with moisture-resistant coating or stainless steel. Stainless steel tanks are characterized by the highest anti-corrosion properties and durability in operation, the truth is more expensive.
5. Availability or ability to install:
Many domestic and foreign manufacturers are engaged in the release of heat bacteries. We give a comparative table of some models of Russian and foreign models with a capacity of 500 liters.
| Model | NIBE. BU-500.8. | Reflex. PFH-500 | ACV AK 500. | Meibes PSX-500 | Sibenergo Term | PROFBAK. TA-BB-500 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Producing country | Sweden | Germany | Belgium | Germany | Russia | Russia |
| Volume of tank, l. | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Height, mm. | 1757 | 1946 | 1790 | 1590 | 2000 | 1500 |
| Diameter, mm. | 750 | 597 | 650 | 760 | 700 | 650 |
| Weight, kg | 145 | 115 | 150 | 120 | 165 | 70 |
| MAX Operating Pressure Bar | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Mach Operating Temperature, ° C | 95 | 95 | 90 | 95 | 90 | 90 |
| Connect to GVS. | option | not | not | not | not | option |
| Additional heating | option | not | option | not | not | TEN 1.5 kW |
| Approximate cost, rub. | 43 200 | 35 100 | 53 200 | 62 700 | 28 500 | 55 800 |
Mainly the cost depends on the material (carbon steel or stainless steel), its shape (normal or toroidal), as well as the presence of additional options or the possibility of their installation.
The main parameter when buying a buffer tank for a solid fuel boiler, as well as for the capacity of the heat accumulator, directly dependent on the power of the heating boiler.
There are various calculation techniques based on determining the ability of a solid fuel boiler to heat the desired volume of the working fluid to a temperature of at least 40 ° C during the combustion time of one full loading with fuel (about 2-3.5 hours).
Compliance with this condition allows you to obtain the maximum efficiency of the boiler with maximum fuel savings.
The easiest way to calculate It includes that one kilowatt of the boiler power must correspond at least 25 liters of the volume of the buffer container connected to it.
Thus, with the power of the boiler 15 kW, the tank of the battery should be at least: 15 * 25 \u003d 375 liters. At the same time, the capacity is better to choose with a reserve, in this case - 400-500l.
There is such a version: the greater the tank of the tank, the more effective the heating system will operate and the more you will save fuel. However, this version imposes limitations: Search free space In the house under the installation of a thermal battery of large sizes, as well as the technical capabilities of the heating boiler itself.
The volume of the container of the coolant has the upper limit: no more than 50 liters per 1 kW. Thus, the maximum amount of cumulative tank with a 15 kW boiler power should not exceed: 15 * 50 \u003d 750 liters.
Obviously, the use of the volume of 1000 liters or more for a 10kW boiler will cause an additional fuel consumption for heating to the desired temperature of such a volume of working fluid.
This will lead to a significant increase in the inertia of the entire heating system.
To provide homemade boiler with environmentally friendly fuel, we recommend learn how to manufacture.
Solid fuel boilers are more difficult to translate to automatic operation. Such "smart" electrical devicesAs GSM module, help make the heating system more or less self-regulating. Go to.
Buffer Capacity for Boiler
The main advantages of the heating system with a thermal battery include:
The disadvantages of heat accumulators for the heating system include:
Interesting solution: Heat acupuncture in the interior of the house.
In the interior 
Installation 
1st floor 
Attic 
Basement 
Section
In the case of electrocott, That turns on at full capacity at night, when electricity tariffs are significantly lower. In the afternoon, when the boiler is disabled, the heating of the rooms is carried out due to heat accumulated overnight.
For gas boilers Savings are achieved through the alternate use of the boiler itself and that. At the same time, the gas burner turns on much less frequently, which provides smaller.
Undesirable installation of the heat recorder in heating systemswhere the fast or short-term heating of the room is required, since this will interfere with the increased inertia of the system.
Companies engaged in engineering systems, recent years make emphasis on the development of alternative technological solutions. The concept of the concept and directions are not subject to the use of natural resources. At least experts seek to focus on minimizing their consumption. Tangible benefits in this segment demonstrates the heat battery for the heating system, which is included in the existing engineering complex as an additional optimization component.
There are many modifications and varieties of thermal batteries, which are also called buffer heaters. Different and tasks that perform such installations. As a rule, batteries are used to improve the efficiency of the main unit, such as a solid fuel boiler. In the same cases, it is advisable to use such systems to implement the controlling function, which is difficult to implement during the maintenance of traditional boiler houses in private homes. Most often, the heat batteries are used for this, the container of which reaches 150 liters. In the industrial sphere, of course, the installation of about 500 liters can also be applied.
In the tank itself, items provide for maintaining the necessary medium temperature. The material itself, from which the tank is completed, is mandatory conjugated with the layers of insulators. The active ingredients are tanes and copper pipes. The configuration of their placement in the tanks may differ as well as the control system of the battery operating parameters.
From the point of view of the drive, the main task is to ensure the ability to maintain the desired temperature regime, which the user itself sets. As the boiler work, the tank gets hot water and saves it until the function of the heating system is stopped. The conditions for maintaining the temperature balance are determined. insulating materials Capacities and internal heating elements. The classic heat accumulator for the heating system, in essence, resembles the work of the boiler and also integrates at that is, on the one hand, the equipment connects to the heat source, and on the other, it provides the operation of direct heating, which can act as radiators. In addition, the system is often used as a full-fledged hot water source for household needs in constant consumption.
As already noted, the aggregates of this type can perform different tasks, the requirements for which the criteria for choosing a particular system are determined. The basic and main functions include heat accumulation from the generator and the subsequent return. In other words, the same tank collects, stores and transfers the energy to the direct heating element. In a complex with a solid fuel boiler to the functions of the system, it is possible to attribute protection against overheating. Automated and electronic control relays are ineffective in solid fuel units. Therefore, the optimization of the boiler operation is practiced using a heat battery, which naturally collects excessive energy and returns it to the moments of temperature recession. Electric, gas and liquid generators are simply controlled, but using the battery, they can be connected to a single complex and operate with minimal heat lines.
It is advisable to use heat accumulation system in cases where the existing heating node does not allow sufficiently controlling its operation. For example, solid fuel boilers inevitably provide for maintenance moments when their power is not loaded. To compensate, the heat loss makes sense to use such a system. Also in the work of water and electrical heating complexes such a decision justifies economically. A modern heat control battery can be customized to work at certain periods of time when the most economical energy consumption rate is valid. So, for example, at night, the system will determine a certain amount which within the next day can be used for any needs.
The nature of the buffer batteries is designed to provide uniform heat transfer and smoothing jumps at temperature differences. But this principle of action is not always useful. For heating systems, in which, on the contrary, an accelerated set or a decrease in temperature regime is required, such an addition will be unnecessary. In such situations, an increase in the potential of the coolant due to auxiliary will prevent rapid cooled and heating. In addition, it is worth noting that the heat accumulators of the house for the most part make it impossible to accurate temperature adjustment. It would seem that such a decision can be optimal for heating systems working with short intervals - to heat the capacity in advance and then use the finished energy at the appointed moment. However, in itself, the content of the optimal state of the coolant requires consumption of certain energy. Therefore, for example, the boiler room used for irregular and short-term heating of the dryer may well do without a battery. Another thing is, if we are talking about a whole group of boilers that can be combined into one system by buffer.
Among the main characteristics, the dimensional parameters of the unit, its capacity, maximum temperature and pressure indicator can be noted. For private houses, manufacturers offer small installations, the diameter of which can be 500-700 mm, and the height is about 1500 mm. It is important to take into account the mass, because in some cases specialists have to use concrete ties to impart stability. The average heat accumulator weighs about 70 kg, although the exact value is directly associated with the tank and the quality of the tank isolation. Performance characteristics are reduced to temperature and pressure. The first value is about 100 ° C, and the pressure level can reach 3 bar.
Having knowledge of electrical engineering homemade may not just independently connect the finished buffer to the heating system, but also to completely assemble the design. To begin with, it is necessary to order a cylinder capacity, which will become a working buffer. Next, the transit throughout the entire container it is necessary to carry out a return pipeline for a niche of the future thermal battery. You should start connecting from connecting the boiler and tank. From one component to the second, the location should be provided on which the circulation pump will be installed. With it, the hot heat carrier will move from the barrel to the clipping faucet and the expansion tank.
It is necessary to mount the heat battery with your own hands in such a way that the most rational distribution of fluid on all rooms is expected. To assess the quality of the work of the assembled system, it is possible to provide thermometers in it, and pressure sensors. Such a snap will allow you to evaluate how rationally the battery will function through connected contours.
The classic heat acceumant involves the use of water as a carrier of energy. Another thing is that it is possible to use this resource in different ways. For example, it is used to supply heating floors - the liquid passes through circulation pipes into a special coating. Water can also be used to ensure the work of the shower and other needs, including technological, hygienic and sanitary properties. It is worth noting that the interaction of water boilers is quite common and due to its low cost. Water accumulator heat is cheaper compared to electrical heaters. On the other hand, they have their drawbacks. As a rule, they are reduced to nuances in organizing circulating networks. The more the amount of resource consumed, the more expensive is the organization. Installation costs are unite, but the operation will cost cheaper.
In water systems, the design involves the presence of a comb heat exchanger intended for the geothermal pump. But the solar collector can also be used. In essence, the energy installation center is obtained, which optimizes the function of the heating station due to the reservation of energy from different sources. Although the solar heat accumulator is less common, it can be used in typical heating systems. Solar collectors Also maintain energy potential, which is further spent on domestic needs. But it is important to take into account that the hot heat carrier in the form of water itself requires less energy than the solar battery. The optimal use of such batteries is the direct integration of panels in the place where heating should be made without additional transformations.
Be proceed from several parameters. To begin with the functionality of the system and its working indicators. The tank must fully cover the volumes that are planned to be spent during the operation of the heating system. Do not save on control systems. Modern relays with automatic regulators not only make a convenient programming of engineering systems, but also provide protective properties. A properly equipped heat accumulator has protection from idling and provides ample opportunities for indicating temperature modes.
In most modern heating systems, the initial vice making it impossible effective organization Heating with a boiler heating periodic action. The problem is not in principle burning fuel, although there is also not everything smoothly, but in the organization of heat transfer from the heat source - the front of the combustion of solid fuel into the airspace of residential rooms at home or apartments. The heat accumulators are designed to compensate for the losses caused by the periodic work of the boiler. To be accurate, the heat accumulator is necessary for any boiler heating periodic action.
The device, proudly referred to as the heataccumulator for the heating boilers, is a tank of a significant container, reaching in some cases up to 10 tons of water, with a system of internal heat exchangers. What should give the use of the heat accumulator:
Interesting ! The construction of the heat accumulator design for heating boilers allows you to make it with your own hands, only water tank will be required, pipes for connecting, valve equipment and welding machine.
In addition to the heating solid fuel boiler, the need for the use of the heat accumulator is also among the systems on electric heating boilers. In this case, the use of the heat accumulator is dictated by an artificial choice in favor of periodic heating, and only in the night period of time, when it is possible to use a more profitable preferential rate.
The design of modern boilers of heating in favor of the manufacturer as optimized as possible in terms of costs and production costs. The modern heating boiler is made of thin-sheet steel with minimal costs for scarce and expensive copper and nickel, and works in the "Bourgeisky" stove mode.
In its device there is not even a hint of the heataccumulator. Such a heating boiler in principle is not able to accumulate thermal energy. Compare a modern pellet or coal boiler with the old heavy structures of heating boilers from cast iron, and even better, with the device of a regular rustic stone oven. In the latter case, the heat accumulator function is most effectively the brickwork, directly absorbing heat from the flame and evenly transmitting the room into the air for 10-12 hours.
Therefore, the modern heating boiler is ineffective without a heat accumulator. The solid fuel unit will be indispensable in operation and will cost no multi-torque heat accumulators if the automatic fuel loading system in the furnace appears in its device and subsequent purification from ash.
The appointment of the heat accumulator is to produce additional thermal energy in the water heating circuit after a decrease or termination of the heat generation with a heating boiler. To do this, in a huge capacity there is a large amount of boiling water at a pressure of about 3ATM. In the body of the tank, the heat exchanger, by means of which there is a "injection" of heat into the battery and the opposite selection to the heating system. Often, an additional heat exchanger is embedded in the tank in order to obtain hot water for the needs of the kitchen and the bathroom.
To quickly warm the room, the heat accumulator with a three-way valve is turned off from the chain of the warmed coolant. Only after heating the flow of water in the pipes over 60 o C in the circuit is connected to the water from the heat accumulator storage. And while the boiler works, warmly goes in two directions: in the drive and in heating radiators.
In a similar principle, there are certain positive parties:
Important ! Any non-ferrous metals that give an electrochemical pair with steel and aluminum should be excluded in such a scheme.
Ideally, the water circulating in the hot heat exchanger of the heating boiler should not be mixed with the coolant flowing throughout the heating system. Therefore, often in heat accumulators use a different scheme - with hydraulic isolation and splitting streams.
In this scheme, the heat accumulator plays the role of one of the elements of the heat supply circuit, it cannot be excluded from the stream. In fact, a constant heat transfer of heat from the selected "hot" contour of the heating boiler and the rest of the water or a coolant circulating in the heating system occurs in the heat accumulator.
What does it give:
The disadvantages include the need for additional devices - two pumps: circulation of heat carrier and power supply systems. Sometimes for reservations, a pair of devices are used - a voltage converter and an electric battery for the heating boiler. Otherwise, the disconnection of the electricity can lead to a serious accident in the primary circuit.
A more complex and improved scheme involves the use of two independent heat exchangers, combined in one heat accumulator body. This is a more rational way to organize a heat accumulator with a high degree of redundancy. It is it that can be recommended for those who wanted to make a heat accumulator for the heating boiler with their own hands.
For the manufacture of heat drive, determine the thermal power of the battery. There is a certain method of building a battery system. The amount of water in the battery is accepted, based on 30-40l fluid for every 1000W thermal power of the boiler. In this case, a capacity of 350-400 liters will be required for the house in 100 m 2 heated area. The best option There will be the use of a finished boiler tank, with sensors of water level, pressure and temperature.
If a mixing system, which is working, even in the absence of special pumps, will be selected as a working circuit, which will have to additionally install a three-position block crane in the heating circuit.
Important ! In the network, it is often recommended to install copper heat exchangers from the twisted copper pipe with a length of 15-17m and the diameter of "on the lumen" at 15-20mm. The recommendation has dubious prospects, since copper and iron in contact with hot water intensively corrosive.
It is better to use a heat exchanger from the same material as the container. This guarantees the normal quality of the welding seam when installing the heat exchanger. In addition, in the cavity of the heat accumulator it is better to apply anodic protection with magnesium electrodes, similar to electric hot water boilers. The outer walls of the tank - the heat accumulator are coated with thermal insulating mats or mineral wool.
One of interesting decisions Multi-sized accumulators used, instead of water, extractive paraffins or silicone oils. Due to significantly higher heat capacity, it was possible to use safe small-sized accumulating systems for electric boilers of apartment heating systems. Instead of 300 liter heavy capacity, it is assumed to use a two-section battery with a total volume of 50 liters of coolant having a heat supply in 15 kW \\ h.
For your information ! Most often, heat accumulators are used as a backup heat source when growing vegetables in greenhouses, for rapid heating of the room with a sharp cooling or frost occurs.
