Today, a person lives in the era of the existence of all kinds of amenities and many residents, especially children and adolescents, it seems that these conveniences have always existed. These amenities include a sewerage system.
Being in the city, we cannot even imagine life without a central sewerage system, and in fact, in many localities of our country, such systems are absent. As a result, residents construct local sewer pits for one particular house or several residential buildings. In this article we will get acquainted with the process of independently setting up a sewer pit in a private house.
Sealed sewer pit
Our country is large and the soil is different, and the sewer pit is a depression in the ground for several meters. Therefore, there are many laws prohibiting or permitting the construction of certain types of sewer pits in various conditions.
Sewer pits differ in material of manufacture, cleaning methods and other parameters. Most experts subdivide sewer pits into two types:
Due to the danger of soil contamination in some places, the law prohibits the construction of sewer pits without a bottom, permission is given only for sealed pits. A sealed pit is the same as a filling well that does not allow water to pass through, only instead of filling clean water, such a pit will be filled with impurities.
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After you have decided that it is necessary to make a sewer pit, go around your site and choose its location.
From the right choice the place depends, firstly, on the safety for a person and environment, secondly, ease of maintenance. Approach this issue responsibly and consider the following factors:
An important condition: the remoteness of sewer pits from residential buildings and places of water intake should be 5-30 meters, depending on the type of pit.
Before starting the construction of the pit, it is necessary to make calculations and determine the required volume of future sewerage. These calculations are simple, but depend on several factors:
Advice from experienced builders: when calculating the volume of the pit, it should be borne in mind that its depth should be no more than 3 meters. Otherwise, the sewage equipment will not reach the bottom, as a result of which a thick residue will accumulate in the pit.
On this preparatory work ends and you can proceed to the direct device of the sewer pit. The process itself consists of four stages:
How to make a porch in a private house with your own hands:
Diagram of a sewer pit made of tires
Sewer pit made of concrete rings
An important point: containers made of bricks and reinforced concrete rings outside and inside are treated with a moisture-resistant coating. Inside - with bitumen, outside - clay barrier walls are created.
Plastic drive
Science does not stand still, and even in such a matter as cleaning the sewage system, progress is being noticed. Until recently, there was only one way to cleanse a septic tank - a mechanical one. Today, two more species have been added to them - chemical and biological.
Mechanical cleaning of a sewer pit
Mechanical method. It consists in pumping out sewage with sewers. It is carried out quickly and is not very expensive at cost. But there is a big drawback.
In the case of using the mechanical method, it is not cleaned drainage system the bottom of your sewer pit, as a result of which it will fill each subsequent time faster than the previous one.
Chemical and biological method. If you are interested in deep cleaning and decontamination, use a chemical or biological cleaning method. As a result of the use of chemicals and biological bacteria, the following occurs:
Of the chemicals used for sewage cleaning, four groups can be distinguished:
Chemical cleaning of the sewerage system
Biological preparations are represented by a fairly wide selection, for example, "Vodogray", UNIBAC, others.
The difference between biological drugs and chemical drugs is in their harmlessness. They do not harm the animal, flora and the container itself, which is in the sewer pit.
The result of the work carried out will delight you for a long time. Agree - home comforts are much preferred yard comforts, especially in our harsh climate.
The presented types of sewer systems can be built on almost any site with minimal cost, and the alternation of cleaning methods will allow you to keep the sewer system in good condition for a fairly long period of time.
Residents of apartment buildings do not have to worry about the disposal and utilization of biowaste, for them everything is done by housing and communal services. Those who live in a private house need to solve such problems themselves. One of the solutions is the construction of a cesspool. It does not require large installation costs, it perfectly performs the function sanitary cleaning... You just need to know how to make a cesspool in a private house with your own hands.
There is a system of rules and regulations that controls the construction of a cesspool for a private house. Sanitary standards determine the location of the cesspool on the site, the distance from it to various outbuildings. When planning biowaste pits, the following rules should be taken into account:
The predecessor of the cesspool was an ordinary pit dug in the soil, at which the walls were smeared with clay and reinforced with boards. Then they began to bury old barrels, cisterns, and other used containers in the ground. Today, such tanks for collecting and partial cleaning of waste are installed only when the daily volume is not more than one cubic meter.
If the owner of a private house is not too eager to spend money on the arrangement of a cesspool, he can use old car tires. You just need to put them in the dug hollow, connecting them with bolts. Then the hollow is sprinkled with earth, a concrete slab with a hole for the ventilation pipe is placed on top, as well as a hatch for pumping out.
According to the characteristic differences in the design, the pits for biowaste are divided into absorbing and sealed. Septic tanks are used to collect, store and purify waste. These are structures with a more complex structure.
A distinctive feature is that there is no bottom, in view of this, the liquids, after cleaning with a sandy, gravel and brick filter, are sent to the soil. The absorbing tank is the most inexpensive and easiest to equip. Due to the partial infiltration of treated wastewater into the soil, there is much less need to call a sewer service.
The absorption type is selected if there is no need to remove a lot of wastewater... Large volumes of soil will not be able to accept and process. Also, such a pit cannot be called an environmentally friendly option, because waste, falling into the soil, will pollute it.
They are closed watertight concrete / brick / gas silicate tanks. They must be emptied regularly after filling. If you know how to properly make a sealed cesspool, you will be provided with the absolute absence of odors characteristic of the toilet, but sometimes you will have to call the sewer workers. Remember that the use of cinder blocks is unacceptable for the construction of a cesspool (they quickly collapse when in contact with water).
The simplest solution for arranging a cesspool is considered to be the installation of a plastic tank purchased in a store. It does not need to be sealed, but it will be necessary to fill the bottom of the basin with a special cement screed and reinforce the walls with reinforcement.
These are structures that not only perform deep cleansing, but also turn drains into fertilizer useful for the garden and vegetable garden. They are often two- or three-chamber systems. In the 1st chamber, collection and partial cleaning is carried out, in the 2nd and 3rd chamber, complete processing of waste takes place.
Can use old car tires... To install such a cesspool, a solid concrete foundation is not required; a dense sandy cushion with rubble thirty-five centimeters thick, as well as a screed of one decimeter, is enough.
From above it will be necessary to make holes for infiltration and installation of pipes that will ensure transfusion. The sewer pipe must be inserted into a concrete tank. Sections of entry of sewer pipes into vertical concrete must be sealed.
The construction method is similar, only you do not need to make infiltration holes, you need to completely concreted the bottom. Reinforcement of the lower platform of concrete is recommended. So that the reinforcement does not get stuck in the concrete, it must be slightly raised and fixed on pegs.
It is desirable to seal the walls. Bitumen is considered an inexpensive internal insulator, and clay is an external one. If the walls of the cesspool consist of brickwork, it is possible to cover them with plaster.
Laying bricks takes much longer than assembling concrete rings... At the bottom, a concrete screed is made, the bricks are placed in a circle / square. Before starting the laying, you need to wait a week after creating the concrete platform.
The sewage pipeline must be slightly tilted in order to ensure spontaneous drainage of the drains.
Those who want to build a toilet should also know how to properly make a cesspool. Most often, a small hole is dug, to which you can freely drive up to emptying. The ridge is laid out with bricks or filled with concrete.
The depth can be arbitrary, it all depends on the soil of the litter. It is recommended to dig the rake to a layer of sand that will absorb the waste. The bottom of the pit is filled with sand and gravel mixture, gravel.
Other dimensions are to be installed on site. Ventilation is recommended. A pipe that rises about six decimeters above the toilet roof is suitable.
In most cases, there is no sewage system in the country. A cesspool is used instead. There are many options for its construction, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Next, we will consider in detail the typical designs of cesspools and analyze the methods of their installation.
A drain pit, or as it is also called a cesspool, is necessary for private houses that do not have a direct sewer supply. A proper drain pit recycles waste, allowing certain substances after treatment to be absorbed into the ground without harm to it.
The popularity of this type treatment plant caused by the ease of installation and the speed of work. One person without helpers is able to complete all the work within 3-5 days, depending on the type of construction.
On the other hand, there are certain difficulties associated with the further operation of the cesspool. First of all, this concerns the issue of pumping out sewage. Correctly selected pit volume is of no less importance.
The simplest designs that are most often found in rural houses and simple summer cottages is digging into the ground old barrel or a tank that has served its life. Such a design will allow for the collection and partial filtration of wastewater, provided that their daily amount does not exceed 1 m³. Such schemes have not received approval from the sanitary services, since they can harm the surrounding ecology.
The simplest drain pit in a private house is a simple structure. Through the sewer pipe, although there is often a direct flow, the sewage enters the container, the bottom of which is covered with silt. The drain pit should be equipped with a gas outlet pipe through which the methane generated during the waste processing process will begin to escape to the outside.
Such a system is completely unsuitable for those houses in which permanent residence is planned. Given that the average daily water consumption for a family of four is up to 1 cubic meter, this leads to the need for frequent cleaning of the cesspool, and, accordingly, to financial costs... Previously, a ubiquitous method of removing sewage into the soil with their subsequent natural filtration was widespread, but in current realities this method is understandably prohibited by the sanitary service.
Nevertheless, such a design is quite common, and will not have special alternatives for summer cottages with infrequent visits. It is not difficult to equip it on your own, but the following points must be taken into account:
By the type of execution, cesspools are divided into:
It is a quick-assembly solution for receiving sewage and has the following advantages:
Such a structure is being built quickly:
The installation continues in a similar manner to the planned depth.
When all the rings have been placed, a concrete ceiling is installed with the help of a crane, with holes made in it for a hatch and a ventilation pipe. The finished structure must rise above the ground at a level of at least 30 cm.
To provide it with the best tightness, all seams and the junction with the sewer pipe are carefully sealed with bitumen mastic.
The problem of a sealed design will be its rapid filling, and the need for frequent call of sewage services, which will pump out sewage. In the same case, if the withdrawal of water into the ground is allowed, then rings with holes made are purchased. Installation technology is no different from the above.
In order to give the finished structure a more complete look from the point of view of aesthetics, it is necessary to sprinkle the part of the drainage system protruding above the ground with earth, while providing the casing with plantings that will perform a decorative function. For example, landing undemanding to conditions Mauritanian lawn will allow you to turn the treatment plant into a blooming flower bed. 
According to experts, the best option will be the use of ceramic bricks, which will ensure the strength and durability of the structure. The very process of erecting a drain pit made of brick is conventionally divided into several stages:
There are often conflicting recommendations about the final stage. For example, to reduce costs, it is proposed to carry out masonry half a brick thick, but it is important to remember that such a structure will hardly take on the weight of the concrete cover.
The design itself provides for two options for laying bricks:
In the case of laying bricks to ground level, space must be left taking into account the thickness of the concrete cover. The recommended construction with the completion of the masonry, before reaching the ground surface by 80 cm, raises some doubts about its advisability for a number of reasons:
Masonry is inferior to concrete in a number of factors:
The feasibility of erecting brickwork is manifested only when there is no way to call heavy cargo equipment.
If the question of how to make a drain pit without resorting to special costs is acute, then you need to pay attention to the option of installing a polymer tank of the required capacity. In this case, all work is reduced to the fact that the required amount of earth is dug under the tank, and then the collection is placed in the prepared hole. After that, the remaining space is filled with soil. It is important to remember that sealed structures without fail require the installation of a gas outlet.
The advantages are the following:
Of the minuses, you need to pay attention to the need for periodic pumping of sewage and the small capacity of the tank, so this option is optimal for use under low load conditions. For example, if the dacha is visited once a week, and a small amount of waste goes into the drain pit.
They are made from worn-out car tires. It is important to take into account that the inner diameter must be at least one meter, otherwise the pit will quickly become clogged with sewage. In fact, the structure is easily erected: a hole of the required depth and diameter is pulled out, after which it is filled with tires, laying them one by one to ground level.
Of the advantages of the design, the following are distinguished:
It is worth remembering that the design is suitable for a toilet that is taken out to the street and not connected to the house by the sewer system. Since it is assumed that the load on the pit will be negligible. Despite its name, with infrequent use, such a pit will last up to 25 years.
As with the previous design, the use of wood is suitable as a temporary solution. In fact, this option is still sometimes used in rural areas and in some summer cottages, but due to the fact that wood, even with high-quality processing, will not withstand more than ten years, using wooden formwork does not make much sense. Nevertheless, this is a drain pit, the price of which will be the most acceptable and will not exceed 3000-4000 rubles.
Of course, the speed of construction and isolation of the soil from sewage are the advantages of the design, but nevertheless, it is inferior to all types of cesspools and for the most part is a relic of the past.
It is a cesspool made of bricks, with the difference that the bottom of the drain is not processed. In some cases, the bottom covers metal mesh, but in a chemically aggressive environment, it quickly rusts and loses its usefulness. Sewage evenly falls into the ground, but due to the strong silting of the bottom of the pit, additional cleaning is periodically required.
In addition to the above, when arranging a cesspool, you need to pay attention to some tips to improve the efficiency of processing and ensure greater durability of the structure:
Owners country houses often you have to master the wisdom of how to make a cesspool. This design allows you to solve the problem of wastewater disposal in places where there is no common sewage system.
Sanitary regulations require that the wastewater facility is located:
Wastewater facility
A competent calculation of the geometric parameters of the structure for collecting waste is carried out taking into account the following characteristics:
Important advice from the pros! Do not make a cesspool pit more than 3 m deep. As it fills, you will have to call a sewer to pump out the waste. Effective removal waste products are provided at a depth of up to 3 m.
If about 1 cubic meter of waste flows into the pit per day, it is quite possible to equip it in the simplest way - to dig a small pit in the ground, coat its walls with clay and additionally strengthen wooden planks... Such designs were widespread in the past. They are built with their own hands in our days.
It is clear that these types of holes do not meet the requirements of sanitary services. It is quite possible that you will even be given an administrative levy if you decide to build such an elementary structure. This, of course, is not needed by anyone. It is better to equip a normal cesspool that will effectively cope with the tasks assigned to it. These include structures of two types:
Wastewater facility
It is easiest to make the second pits with your own hands. In them, drains (their liquid part) are filtered when passing through pieces of brick, gravel, which are poured at the bottom of the pit. Then wastewater go into the ground. This system is easy to install. In addition, bottomless pits are rarely cleaned due to (partial) infiltration of water into the soil.
Absorption structures are usually installed when the volume of effluent is relatively small. Such cesspools are good for homes where there are no washing and dishwashers, baths, and so on.
In other cases, it is recommended to install sealed tanks. They are containers of a closed type, from which drains do not fall into the ground. Such tanks are erected from gas silicate and concrete products, plastic, brick. The disadvantage of these pits is the need for frequent call of sewers to pump waste from a closed container, their advantage is the complete absence of unpleasant "odors".
We figure out how to make a cesspool correctly. All work is best done according to the following scheme:
A reliable overlap must be installed on the laid masonry. Do it yourself like this:
So we figured out how to make a cesspool correctly. Note that you do not need to own any special skills to perform such an operation with your own hands. The whole procedure is carried out quite simply, and its high labor input is fully compensated by the low cost of the structure.
A cesspool in a private house, the scheme of which has been selected in accordance with existing requirements and regulations, is capable of collecting domestic wastewater without the risk of soil contamination. Despite the fact that the construction of a pit is simpler than, for example, construction, there are certain nuances that directly affect the effectiveness of such sewer system and, accordingly, the comfort of living.
The advantages of cesspools are determined simplicity of their design... You can build such a structure quite quickly. In addition, its cost will be low - the most affordable materials are often used, including used ones.
The disadvantage of the cesspool is, first of all, the need to pump out wastewater... Depending on the circumstances (the volume of the pit, the number of people, the presence of a water-consuming household appliances) the frequency may vary, but the services of a sewer truck will constantly be one of your expenses.
Important: The maximum depth of the cesspool should not be more than 3 meters, otherwise there may be problems with pumping it out.
Another significant drawback that you need to know about before making a cesspool in a private house with your own hands is sanitary "unreliability" when it comes to a leaky version. It is necessary to very carefully consider the location of the cesspool and its structure, calculate the required volume so that the structure does not poison the existence of the inhabitants of the house unpleasant odors and, even worse, it did not cause harmful substances to enter the soil of the vegetable garden or the occurrence of infectious diseases.
The device of cesspools in a private house largely depends on how the suburban structure is used. For a small amount of drains and periodic residence, you can choose a pit without a bottom, but if a family of several people constantly lives in the house, it is better to prefer a sealed drive. Each of the options deserves more detailed consideration.
A cesspool without a bottom is a kind of "well", the walls of which prevent drains from entering the upper layers of the soil, and instead of the bottom, a kind of filter of crushed stone or gravel is arranged... Passing through it, the drains are partially filtered, after which they enter the soil and, passing through it, are cleared more efficiently. The advantage of this option is that there is no need to constantly call the flushers. You cannot do without cleaning at all, but its frequency can be significantly reduced.
Expedient separation of effluents and the installation of separate cesspools for the toilet. In this case, the toilet pit will fill up more slowly (and, accordingly, it will be less likely to require a call for special equipment), and the drains from the shower, bathroom, kitchen sink with a minimum amount of insoluble impurities will almost completely go through the filter into the soil.
It is important to know that such a cesspool with your own hands for a private house has "contraindications".
Sealed structures with a bottom are only accumulators. The drains must be pumped out using a sewage machine. Despite the need to pay for the services of special equipment, this option also has its advantages:
For sealed structures of a small volume, ready-made waterproof containers are often used. A large cesspool in a private house, the scheme of which involves the collection of wastewater from a large number of points, is most often built from one or another material suitable for its characteristics.
Having considered the features of the materials often used for the construction of such structures and comparing them with the conditions of a particular object, it is possible to decide which cesspool in a private house will be the most effective and economical.
The use of finished products can significantly reduce the lead time construction works, and in some cases - and their labor intensity.
A cesspool made of tires is one of the cheapest options for organizing sewage.
Usage building materials slightly increases the time to create a structure. At the same time, a significant advantage is that a do-it-yourself cesspool in a private house in this case can be arranged in any configuration, taking into account sanitary requirements and site planning. It can be round or rectangular, including narrow and long, if it is more convenient to place such an option on the territory.
Both options can be used for the construction of storage or filtering structures and in most cases require the application of a double-sided waterproofing layer.
The volume of the cesspool should, according to sanitary standards, be at least a three-day rate of water consumption. The estimated number is considered to be the value of 200 liters per day per person, however, it is important to know that this figure is relevant for permanent residence. With a periodic visit to the cottage, it is less, and water is not consumed daily.
In a house with permanent residence for a family of 3 people, a pit of at least 1 cubic meter is needed. Sometimes it is more convenient to use two small ones than one spacious pit. The scheme of a cesspool in a private house should take into account the necessary distances from significant objects - at least 30 m from the place of the fence drinking water, at least 3 m from garden and garden plants and 5 m from the road. In this case, accumulative models should be located so that the sewer truck can easily drive up to it.
If your site has a low level of groundwater and you decide what suits you, then we will help in its construction with our advice.
For self-pumping a cesspool will be needed. You will learn about their choice from another article.
And the nuances of choosing well pumps are described in this material.
You should be aware that the work of the sewer does not guarantee a complete cleaning of the tank. Only liquid can be pumped out, while sediment will remain and accumulate at the bottom. Speaking about in a private house, it should be noted that cleaning can be optimized by using special preparations.
Important: To eliminate odors from the pit, which will be in the event that special preparations are not used, ventilation of the cesspool in a private house is required. Plastic are suitable for her device sewer pipes, with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 60 cm, which are installed in the upper part of the pit.
Proper arrangement of a cesspool in a private house will allow you to safely dispose of wastewater with minimal effort and without significant costs. In this case, the container will not be a source of unpleasant odor.
In this subsection, you can watch a video on the topic of our article, which shows the subtleties of installing a cesspool in a private house with your own hands.
